The invention provides an anisotropic sea surface radar back scattering simulation method and system. The method comprises the steps of: observing a data sample according to a plurality of satellite radars, carrying out fitting calculation on parameters in a to-be-configured anisotropic sea surface radar back scattering model which is established on the basis of a small slope approximation method,so as to obtain a configured anisotropic sea surface radar back scattering model, in the model, expressing asymmetric influences, on radar back scattering coefficients, of along wind and dead wind through a deflection function, and expressing autocorrelation of a sea surface height by adoption of an index-like type function; and obtaining data of a to-be-simulated field, and calculating and outputting a target radar back scattering coefficient corresponding to the data of the to-be-simulated scene according to the configured anisotropic sea surface radar back scattering model. According to the method and system, the characteristics of anisotropic sea surfaces can be truly reflected, and the calculation precision and calculation efficiency are both reasonably considered, so that the methodand system have important application value in the aspects of satellite-borne radar parameter design, sea surface wind field inversion and the like.