The invention discloses an agricultural planting greenhouse with an automatic cooling function, which comprises a greenhouse body composed of support plates fixedly connected to a ground and a greenhouse framework; the two vertical plates are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the ground, a hollow plate is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the vertical plates, air guide plates are uniformly distributed on and communicated with opposite side walls of the hollow plate, and one end, far away from the side wall of the hollow plate, of each air guide plate is fixedly connected with a sun-shading plate that is of hollow structure. According to the invention, when external sunlight irradiation temperature rises in the noon, a thermal expansion liquid expands rapidly, so that air is introduced into the sun-shading plates that stretch to shield greenhouse protective film, the direct irradiation of sunlight to the greenhouse is reduced, the rise range of the temperature in the greenhouse is narrowed; when the external sunlight irradiation temperature falls, the thermal expansion liquid contracts so that the air in the sun-shading plates contracts less, manually laying and removing sunshade net is prevented, and the workload of people is reduced.