The invention belongs to the technical field of power transmission and transformation equipment routing inspection, and particularly relates to a power transmission and transformation equipment fault routing inspection core system based on ultrasonic waves and infrared thermal images. The power transmission and transformation equipment fault routing inspection core system based on the ultrasonic waves and the infrared thermal images comprises a data acquisition module, a computer, a wireless communication module and a battery power supply system, wherein the battery power supply system is connected with the data acquisition module, the computer and the wireless communication module, the data acquisition module comprises an infrared thermal image sensor, an ultrasonic wave sensor, a protective cover, a holder and a network switch, the wireless communication module comprises a wireless broadband terminal and antennas, the infrared thermal image sensor and the ultrasonic wave sensor are installed in the protective cover arranged on the holder, and the network switch is connected with the ultrasonic wave sensor, the infrared thermal image sensor and the computer. The power transmission and transformation equipment fault routing inspection core system based on the ultrasonic waves and the infrared thermal images has the advantages that the ultrasonic wave technology and the infrared thermal image technology are comprehensively used for detecting faults of electrical devices, accuracy of fault diagnosis is improved, the frequency of missing inspection and the frequency of incorrect inspection are reduced, and the power transmission and transformation equipment fault routing inspection core system based on the ultrasonic waves and the infrared thermal images is high in efficiency, convenient to use, flexible and the like.