The invention discloses a laser radar coaxial detection system and an automatic calibration method therefor, and the system comprises an industrial control computer, a laser, a beam expanding lens (1), a double-optical-wedge adjuster (2), a 45-degree plane reflector (3), a 45-degree plane reflecting prism (4), a corner reflector (5), a receiving telescope (6), an aperture diaphragm (7), a collimating mirror (8), and a CCD camera. The laser is controlled by the industrial control computer to emit a laser beam with certain energy, and the laser beam sequentially passes through the beam expanding lens (1), the double-optical-wedge adjuster (2), the 45-degree plane reflector (3) and the 45-degree plane reflecting prism (4). A light beam signal reflected by the corner reflector (5) passes through the receiving telescope (6) to be focused on the aperture diaphragm (7), and then passes through the collimating mirror (8) to be received by the CCD camera. The system employs target calibration, and the signal is received by the CCD camera. A deflection angle value is calculated through a formula, and is fed back to a computer for controlling the double-optical-wedge adjuster (2) to carry out angle adjustment. The system is convenient, is not affected by an external environment, shields human errors through employing the digitalization technology, and can obtain higher precision.