This invention relates to a markerless real-time registration and tracking method and
system for mandibular
surgery. The method includes the following steps: the patient performs multiple opening and closing movements of the upper and lower jaws while the
robotic arm is fixed, and the
system synchronously records the changes in the angles of each joint of the
robotic arm; based on the
forward kinematics of the
robotic arm, the continuous motion trajectory of the distal end of the jaw in space is calculated to form an actual jawbone trajectory
point cloud; a preoperative image model is formed using the actual jawbone trajectory
point cloud, a simulated jawbone trajectory is constructed in the preoperative image model, and the actual trajectory is aligned using the ICP registration
algorithm to achieve automatic registration; the
system establishes a mapping between angle changes and the spatial posture of the jawbone to achieve dynamic tracking and
visual navigation during
surgery. This invention solves the problems of large errors,
high complexity, many limitations, and low efficiency in preoperative image
data registration technology during maxillofacial
surgery, avoids the need for preoperative implantation of markers, and achieves high-precision registration, high
automation, and strong real-time performance under natural conditions.