The invention provides a shield utilization rate prediction and operation parameter optimization method and system based on SVR and PSO. The method comprises the following steps of 1, screening load and operation parameters from machine operation data, and preprocessing the screened data; 2, constructing a data set by using the preprocessed data, the geological type and the utilization rate of each ring, and dividing the data set; 3, establishing a shield utilization rate prediction model by using the SVR and the data set; 4, constructing an optimization equation with the maximum construction progress as a target and operation parameter changes, load changes and geological types as constraint conditions; and 5, obtaining optimal operation parameters under a specific geological type by using an equation established by PSO optimization, so that the construction progress is maximum. According to the method, the utilization rate can be accurately predicted, shield operation can be optimized, safe and rapid tunneling can be achieved, and good engineering application value is achieved.