158 results about "Electrical anisotropy" patented technology

A logging tool is disclosed having transmitting and receiving antennas to measure formation anisotropy. The antennas may preferably be combinations of toroidal, horizontal electric dipole, and horizontal magnetic dipole antennas. In one embodiment, the tool: (a) induces a current flow in the tubing or drill string traversing the formation in a borehole; (b) measures a signal difference between two receiver antennas on the drill string; (c) determines an apparent conductivity of the formation from the resistive component of the signal difference; and (d) uses the apparent conductivity to calculate an anisotropy coefficient with a knowledge of the horizontal conductivity. The tool may further determine a second apparent conductivity of the formation from the reactive component of the signal difference, and use both apparent conductivities to calculate the anisotropy coefficient and the horizontal conductivity. The vertical conductivity can also be determined from these two calculated values in the usual manner.

An electro-optic display includes a “matrix” for confining moving elements of the display (e.g., rotating or twisting elements). The matrix (or at least the viewable portions thereof) may have a high reflectivity, comparable to that of white paper. This results in an overall “whiter” or brighter display. The matrix may include channels to facilitate inter-cell fluid transport and high-density element packing. In some cases, the matrix elements provide a hexagonal arrangement of cells for holding the rotating elements. The rotating elements of the display may be electrically and optically anisotropic hemispherically coated spheres. The hemispherical coating typically provides the necessary charge to create electrical anisotropy.

A liquid crystal panel driving method is provided for optimizing driving conditions by performing temperature compensation without varying the voltage of a driving signal. In the liquid crystal device, based on a temperature detection result by the temperature sensor, a temperature compensating circuit sets the frame frequency of driving signals output from driving circuits to a liquid crystal panel at a low temperature, thereby performing temperature compensation so that the liquid crystal device is operated under a condition in which the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal is substantially flat. In accordance with the fact that the motion of the liquid crystal molecules becomes active at a high temperature, the temperature compensating circuit sets the frame frequency of the driving signals to be high. Concerning the frame frequency, 50 Hz (or 60 Hz) and an integer multiple of that frequency are avoided.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal compound which has negative dielectric anisotropy and a large absolute value thereof; and a liquid crystal display element which contains the compound as a constituent element and has a negative value of dielectric anisotropy in the vertical alignment mode, IPS, or the like. The liquid-crystal display element has a structure including a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal sandwiched therebetween, and includes at least an alignment control layer, a transparent electrode, and a polarizing plate, in which the liquid crystal includes at least one compound having a partial structure represented by general formula (A):(wherein W1 and W2 each independently represents fluorine, chlorine, —CF3, —CF2H, —OCF3, or —OCF2H) and has negative dielectric anistropy.

The invention provides a liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition has negative dielectric anisotropy and comprises at least one compound ith a general formula I (shown in the description), at least one compound with a general formula II (shown in the description) and at least one compound with a general formula III (shown in the description). The liquid crystal composition has proper negative dielectric anisotropy, proper optical anisotropy, low viscosity and wide nematic phase temperature range. The liquid crystal composition provided by the invention is suitable for an active matrix addressing liquid crystal display in a VA (Vertical Alignment), PSVA (Polymer Stabilize Vertical Align), IPS (In Plane Switching) or TFT (Thin Film Transistor) mode. The invention further provides a liquid crystal display device containing the liquid crystal composition.

What are provided include a liquid crystal composition that satisfies many characteristics among the characteristics such as a wide temperature range of a nematic phase, a suitable optical anisotropy, a negatively large dielectric anisotropy, and a large specific resistance, a liquid crystal composition that satisfies the characteristics and simultaneously has a small optical anisotropy and a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, and preferably approximately −20° C. or less, and a liquid crystal display device containing the composition. The liquid crystal composition has a negative dielectric anisotropy and contains a first component containing a liquid crystal compound containing, as one of the groups having a ring structure, a benzene ring having two hydrogens adjacent to each other replaced by fluorine and chlorine, and a second component containing a liquid crystal compound having a specific structure containing no halogen, and the liquid crystal display device contains the liquid crystal composition.

A method is disclosed for determining earth vertical electrical anisotropy from offshore electromagnetic survey measurements. The method requires both online and offline data, which includes at least one electromagnetic field component sensitive at least predominantly to vertical resistivity and another component sensitive at least predominantly to horizontal resistivity. Using a horizontal electric dipole source, online EZ and offline HZ measurements are preferred. For a horizontal magnetic dipole source, online HZ and offline EZ data are preferred. magnetotelluric data may be substituted for controlled source data sensitive to horizontal resistivity. Maxwell's equations are solved by forward modeling or by inversion, using resistivity models of the subsurface that are either isotropic or anisotropic.

A liquid crystal composition has a negative dielectric anisotropy, and contains a specific bicyclic compound having a large optical anisotropy and a small viscosity as a first component and a specific compound having a large maximum temperature and a large dielectric anisotropy as a second component, and may contain a specific compound having a small viscosity as a third component, a specific compound having a large dielectric anisotropy as a fourth component and a specific compound having a large dielectric anisotropy as a fifth component, and a liquid crystal display device includes the composition.

A liquid crystal is provided, which can be used in a liquid crystal display (LCD) to provide an LCD exhibiting a good transmittance. The liquid crystal according to the invention has the following properties:(i) a dielectric anisotropy (Δε) ranging from about −2.5 to about −5;(ii) a splay elastic constant (K11) ranging from about 1.1×10−11 N to about 1.6×10−11 N; (iii) a bend elastic constant (K33) ranging from about 1.1×10−11 N to about 1.6×10−11 N; and(iv) Δε, K11 (N) and K33 (N) conforming to the following equation:K11+K3310×Δɛ<1.28×10-12.A liquid crystal material combination is also provided which comprises the liquid crystal according to the invention above mentioned and a polymerizable monomer.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal compound which has negative dielectric anisotropy and a large absolute value thereof; and a liquid crystal display element which contains the compound as a constituent element and has a negative value of dielectric anisotropy in the vertical alignment mode, IPS, or the like. The liquid-crystal display element has a structure including a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal sandwiched therebetween, and includes at least an alignment control layer, a transparent electrode, and a polarizing plate, in which the liquid crystal includes at least one compound having a partial structure represented by general formula (A): (wherein W1 and W2 each independently represents fluorine, chlorine, —CF3, —CF2H, —OCF3, or —OCF2H) and has negative dielectric anistropy.

To provide a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one characteristic such as high maximum temperature of nematic phase, low minimum temperature thereof, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large negative dielectric anisotropy and specific resistance, high stability to ultraviolet light and heat; a liquid crystal composition having a suitable balance regarding at least two thereof; and an AM device including the composition. The liquid crystal composition has nematic phase, and contains as a first component a specific antioxidant having high compatibility with the composition and an excellent antioxidant function, and may contain a specific component having high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a second component, a specific component having high maximum temperature or large dielectric anisotropy as a third component, a specific component having large negative dielectric anisotropy as a fourth component, and a specific antioxidant as a fifth component, and a liquid crystal display device includes the composition.

The invention discloses an antenna system and belongs to the field of antennas. The antenna system comprises a grounding plate, at least one group of antenna pairs arranged on the grounding plate, anda decoupling assembly arranged on the radiating surfaces of the antenna pairs, wherein each antenna pair comprises a first antenna and a second antenna; the decoupling assembly has electric anisotropy and the electric anisotropy means that components of equivalent dielectric constants of the decoupling assembly in various directions are different; and the decoupling assembly is used for adjustingthe antenna radiation directions of the first antennas and the second antennas, wherein the isolation of the first antennas and the second antennas after adjustment is greater than that of the firstantennas and the second antennas before adjustment. According to the antenna system, the problem that the effect of reducing coupling between the antennas by using slots is poor due to the fact that amobile terminal comprises a plurality of electronic components and the slots are easily affected by peripheral electronic components is solved; and the effect of improving the isolation between the antennas and the antenna radiation efficiency is achieved through changing the antenna radiation directions of the antennas by using the decoupling assembly arranged on the radiating surfaces of the antenna pairs is achieved.

The invention discloses a liquid crystal medium. The liquid crystal medium is a compound containing the following components, wherein a first component must contains one or more compounds represented in the general formula I1 and further contains one or more contain compounds represented in the general formulae (I2-I5) or not; a second component contains one or more liquid crystal compounds represented in the general formula II, and the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal compounds are negative; a third compound contains one or more liquid crystal compounds, the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal compounds are negative, and the absolute values of the liquid crystal compounds are more than 3. A liquid crystal composition disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of negative dielectricity, low rotary viscosity, high response speed and particularly good ultraviolet stability, is applicable to the manufacturing of the liquid crystal medium with negative dielectric anisotropy for displays addressed through active matrixes and particularly liquid crystal displays based on a VA effect or an ECB effect.

A dual-frequency bistable liquid crystal display and the liquid crystal mixture thereof includes liquid crystal cell filled with a liquid crystal mixture which contains dual-frequency liquid crystal, chiral compound, and nematic liquid crystal mixture. The liquid crystal mixture has the characteristics of both the dual-frequency liquid crystal and cholesteric liquid crystal. The dual-frequency bistable liquid crystal display is driven in a frequency modulation mode and can be switched between two optical states by taking advantage of the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal, which results in a short switching time and sharp contrast between two optical states. Furthermore, the maintaining of the two optical states requires no voltage, which does not require the use of a high voltage to destabilize the helical structure of the cholesteric liquid crystal, and does not have to go through a metastable stage. Hence, power consumption and switching time are reduced.

Ultra-cold (nano-Kelvin) neutral atoms can be trapped, manipulated, and measured, using integrated current carrying micro-structures on a nearby surface (Atom Chips). This can be utilized for the realization of ultra-sensitive sensors and quantum computation devices based on the quantum mechanical properties of the trapped atoms. However, harmful processes arise from the interactions between the atoms and the nearby surface. According to the present invention these harmful processes can be highly suppressed by using electrically anisotropic materials. It is shown that time-independent trapping potential corrugation leading to fragmentation of the trapped atom cloud can be suppressed, and that time dependent noise processes arising from the coupling of atoms to the nearby surface, and leading to loss of atoms from the trap, heating and loss of coherence can be significantly reduced.

A color filter substrate for a touch display panel includes a common electrode layer and a transparent conductive layer. The common electrode layer includes a plurality of common electrodes each extending along a first direction. The transparent conductive layer exhibits electric anisotropy and has the lowest resistivity along a second direction. The transparent conductive layer and the common electrode layer cooperatively define a capacitive touch sensitive structure.

A rotating element display includes a matrix having discrete regions of cells of different sizes occupied by rotatably disposed optically and electrically anisotropic elements (e.g., electrically anisotropic bichromal spheres). The regions of larger cells are occupied by larger rotating elements having a first combination of optical properties while the regions of smaller cells are occupied by smaller elements having a second combination of optical properties. The rotating elements having different combinations of optical properties are separately addressable by electromagnetic signals that cause rotation of selected optically dissimilar elements and create a desired color image. In a different aspect, a rotating element display includes a plurality of optically anisotropic rotatable elements occupying cells of a transparent matrix, in a configuration where a background color is viewable through the matrix. A color image is created using a combination of background color with optical properties of the rotating elements.

An electro-optic display includes a “matrix” for confining moving elements of the display (e.g., rotating or twisting elements). The matrix (or at least the viewable portions thereof) may have a high reflectivity, comparable to that of white paper. This results in an overall “whiter” or brighter display. The matrix may include channels to facilitate inter-cell fluid transport and high-density element packing. In some cases, the matrix elements provide a hexagonal arrangement of cells for holding the rotating elements. The rotating elements of the display may be electrically and optically anisotropic hemispherically coated spheres. The hemispherical coating typically provides the necessary charge to create electrical anisotropy.

There are provided a polymerizable-compound-containing nematic liquid crystal composition which is useful as a material for a liquid crystal display and which has a negative dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈), and a liquid crystal display device using such a nematic liquid crystal composition. The polymerizable compound is polymerized without interference with generation of the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules by exposure to ultraviolet in a process for producing a device, so that a PSA display device in which a proper pretilt angle is given and which has well stabilized alignment state, a high response speed, and excellent display quality with defective display being eliminated or reduced can be produced. A liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal composition is useful as an active-matrix liquid crystal display device and can be applied to PSVA liquid crystal display devices.

A nematic liquid crystal composition of the present invention is used in liquid crystal display devices of the TN mode, OCB mode, ECB mode, IPS mode, or VA-IPS mode. The liquid crystal composition has positive dielectric anisotropy. Since the refractive index anisotropy and the nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature are decreased and the increase in the lower limit temperature of the nematic phase is suppressed, the viscosity of the liquid crystal composition is sufficiently low without degrading the nematic phase temperature range. The liquid crystal composition also offers excellent features such as high-speed response, good display quality, and less display failures and is thus suitable as a practical liquid crystal composition.

The liquid crystal composition includes at least one compound selected from a group of compounds represented by formula (1) as a first component, has a positive dielectric anisotropy, and has a nematic phase, and a liquid crystal display element containing the composition:wherein R11 and R12 are alkyls having different carbon numbers.

The invention discloses a double-frequency bi-stable liquid crystal display and double-frequency bi-stable liquid crystal composition. The double-frequency bi-stable liquid crystal composition made by mixing double-frequency liquid crystal, chiral composition and nematic phase liquid crystal composition is poured into a liquid crystal box; through the component ratio and chemical features of the double-frequency bi-stable liquid crystal composition, the liquid crystal composition mixed has the features of both the double-frequency liquid crystal and the cholesteric phase liquid crystal, under driving of a frequency modulation mode, two optical statuses, namely focal conic texture and planar texture, can be converted through dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal, and an image can be displayed; thus, the double-frequency bi-stable liquid crystal display can be in the two optical statuses without voltage maintaining or decomposing the helix structure of the cholesteric phase liquid crystal through high voltage; dielectric conversion is not related to metastable state conversion, power consumption of the double-frequency bi-stable liquid crystal display is effectively reduced, and conversion time is effectively shortened.

The invention discloses a laterally tetrafluoro-substituted dibenzoheterocyclic compound and a preparation method thereof; the compound has the structural formula described in the specification, wherein in the formula, X represents O or S, l is 0 or 1, x is 0 or 2, y is 0 or 2, z is 0 or 1, R represents C2-C10 alkyl, and R' represents C2-C10 alkyl or C2-C10 alkenyl. The compound is synthesized through Suzuki coupling, reduction, fluorination, Wittig and other reactions, the yield and purity of the product are high, and the compound has large dielectric anisotropy and has wide application prospects in VA and IPS display modes.

The invention discloses a time domain spectral element simulation method for a microwave ferrite component. According to the method, a curved hexahedron unit is utilized to conduct discretization to a whole electromagnetism space containing ferrite materials, ferrite magnetic conductivity which is in a tensor form and contains a damping factor is introduced into an electric field time domain Helmholtz equation, and a single-axis electrical anisotropy perfectly matched layer serves as an absorbing boundary condition, after Galerkin transformation, a central difference scheme is adopted in time discretization, and a time domain electric field iteration formula is obtained; time-domain simulation is conducted to the target ferrite component twice through the time domain electric field iteration formula, and according to the definition of a microwave network scattering parameter, insertion loss, return loss and isolation of the target ferrite component at each port within a working frequency range are determined. The time domain spectral element simulation method for the microwave ferrite component has the advantages of being high in computation accuracy, high in computation speed and broad in range of application.

A multi-touch detecting method is adapted for detecting touched points on a touch panel that includes first and second conductive films. The first conductive film exhibits electric anisotropy, and has a lower resistivity in a first direction. The multi-touch detecting method includes: applying a first voltage to the first conductive film; applying a second voltage greater than the first voltage to the second conductive film; measuring sequentially voltages at different measuring points of the first conductive film; obtaining a first local maximum voltage, a second local maximum voltage and a local minimum voltage from the measured voltages; determining a first location of the touched points based on a location of the measuring point corresponding to the first local maximum voltage; and determining a second location of the touched points based on a location of the measuring point corresponding to the second local maximum voltage.

The present invention relates to dielectrically positive liquid-crystalline media comprising a dielectrically positive component, component A, comprising a dielectrically positive compound of the formula (I), in which the parameters have the meaning indicated in the specification, and optionally a second dielectrically positive component, component B, comprising one or more dielectrically positive compounds having a dielectric anisotropy of greater than 3 and optionally a dielectrically neutral component, component C, and to liquid-crystal displays, especially to active-matrix displays and in particular to TN, IPS, FFS and OCB displays, containing these media.

A rotating element display includes a matrix having discrete regions of cells of different sizes occupied by rotatably disposed optically and electrically anisotropic elements (e.g., electrically anisotropic bichromal spheres). The regions of larger cells are occupied by larger rotating elements having a first combination of optical properties while the regions of smaller cells are occupied by smaller elements having a second combination of optical properties. The rotating elements having different combinations of optical properties are separately addressable by electromagnetic signals that cause rotation of selected optically dissimilar elements and create a desired color image. In a different aspect, a rotating element display includes a plurality of optically anisotropic rotatable elements occupying cells of a transparent matrix, in a configuration where a background color is viewable through the matrix. A color image is created using a combination of background color with optical properties of the rotating elements.