Tailing dam rainfall infiltration model test system and method under freezing and thawing cycle effect

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a tailing dam rainfall infiltration model test system and method under the freezing and thawing cycle effect, and relates to the technical field of tailing dam stability detection. The system comprises a pressure bearing box, an environment control device, a rainfall infiltration device and an intelligent monitoring device. Wherein a tailing dam model is arranged in the pressure-bearing box, the environment control device is communicated with the internal space of the pressure-bearing box, and environment parameters such as the test temperature, the test air pressure and the test oxygen concentration of the internal space of the pressure-bearing box can be adjusted. The rainfall infiltration device can simulate different rainfall phenomena according to meteorological data. The intelligent monitoring device can collect monitoring data through the sensor group and generate a test result for evaluating the stability of the tailing dam through the data processing unit. The system can simulate a low-pressure and low-oxygen environment and a freeze-thaw cycle phenomenon in a high-cold and high-altitude area, can realize dynamic process simulation of a tailing dam model under freeze-thaw cycle and rainfall conditions, and improves the accuracy of a test result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tailings dam stability testing technology, and in particular to a model test system and method for rainfall infiltration in tailings dams under freeze-thaw cycles. Background Technology

[0002] Tailings dams are critical facilities in metal and non-metal mining production, and their safety significantly impacts the mineral production process. Tailings generated during production accumulate in tailings dams, forming dam-like structures. The stability of tailings dams is a major factor affecting their safety. Tailings dam stability is used to assess the structural stability of tailings dams under natural conditions, and can involve changes in the physicochemical parameters of the tailings dam under different climates, weather conditions, and biological factors.

[0003] To assess the stability of tailings dams, stability tests can be conducted using indoor models. These tests focus on two main aspects: First, the influence of dam materials and structural parameters. This involves analyzing the regulatory effects of key parameters such as the gradation characteristics of coarse or fine tailings, initial dam permeability, downstream slope ratio, and dry beach length on the seepage field. Combined with dam-break simulation tests, these studies reveal the dynamic expansion mechanism of the breach and the spatial distribution characteristics of tailings deposition during seepage failure. Second, the tests consider the impact of the extreme cold and high altitude environment. Specifically, they examine the deteriorating effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the shear strength and permeability of tailings materials, analyze the cumulative damage to the dam structure, and determine whether this will induce a chain reaction of disasters such as seepage path completion, phreatic line uplift, and slope slippage and instability.

[0004] However, due to the lack of systematic understanding of the catastrophic evolution mechanism under the coupling of multiple physics fields, especially the interaction mechanism between freeze-thaw cycles and seepage erosion, which urgently needs to be further elucidated, the above-mentioned tailings dam stability testing process cannot meet the experimental analysis of the instability evolution law of tailings dams under freeze-thaw cycles, low-pressure environments, rainfall infiltration, and hail loads, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy of the experimental results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present application provides a tailings dam rainfall infiltration model test system and method under freeze-thaw cycle to solve the problem of low accuracy of test results in tailings dam rainfall infiltration test under freeze-thaw cycle.

[0006] According to a first aspect of this application, a model test system for rainfall infiltration in tailings dams under freeze-thaw cycles is provided, comprising: A pressure tank, wherein a tailings dam model is provided inside the pressure tank; the tailings dam model includes an initial dam model, a stockpiling dam model, a drainage well model, and a mountain model; An environmental control device is connected to the internal space of the pressure chamber; the environmental control device is used to adjust the environmental parameters of the internal space of the pressure chamber, the environmental parameters including at least one of test temperature, test pressure and test oxygen concentration. A rainwater infiltration device includes a rainwater infiltration pipe, a rainfall control mechanism, a water tank, and an ice maker; the water tank is connected to the top of a pressure tank through the rainwater infiltration pipe; the rainfall control mechanism and the ice maker are mounted on the rainwater infiltration pipe. An intelligent monitoring device includes a sensor group and a data processing unit; the sensor group includes at least one of a moisture content sensor, an environmental parameter sensor, and a displacement sensor; the sensor group is installed within the tailings dam model; the data processing unit is connected to the sensor group; the data processing unit is also communicatively connected to the environmental control device and the rainfall infiltration device; the data processing unit is configured to: Acquire meteorological data, including real-time meteorological data and historical meteorological data; The test condition control command is generated based on the meteorological data, and the test condition control command is sent to the target device so that the target device adjusts environmental parameters and / or controls rainfall in response to the test condition control command; wherein the test condition control command includes at least one of environmental control command and rainfall control command; the target device includes at least one of environmental control device and rainfall infiltration device; Receive monitoring data and acquire model parameters, wherein the monitoring data includes at least one of test time, moisture content, environmental parameters, and test displacement; Test results are generated based on the monitoring data and the model parameters, and these results are used to evaluate the stability of the tailings dam.

[0007] In some embodiments, the drainage well model is positioned at the drainage point location within the pressure tank; the drainage point location includes the water accumulation point formed by the tailings dam model and the bottom or sidewall of the pressure tank, and the water accumulation point formed by the tailings dam model and the mountain model; The rainfall infiltration device also includes a drainage pipe, a water collection bucket, and an electronic scale; one end of the drainage pipe is connected to the drainage well model, and the other end of the drainage pipe is connected to the water tank through the water collection bucket; the water collection bucket is mounted on the electronic scale; the electronic scale is communicatively connected to the data processing unit; the data processing unit is further configured to: A preset time interval is determined, and the amount of non-infiltrating water within the preset time interval is obtained using the electronic scale; The upstream slope length of the initial dam, the crest width of the initial dam, the upstream slope length of the accumulation dam, the downstream slope length of the accumulation dam, and the dam axis length are extracted from the model parameters. Obtain the rainfall within the preset time interval; The average rainfall infiltration rate is calculated based on the non-infiltrating water volume and the rainfall within the preset time interval. The average rainfall infiltration rate is obtained according to the following formula:

[0008] in, f This represents the average rainfall infiltration rate. t This is a preset time interval; w rain The rainfall amount within a preset time interval; weight This refers to the amount of non-infiltrating water within a preset time interval; ρ w The density of water; a The initial upstream slope length of the dam; b This refers to the initial width of the dam crest; c The upstream slope length of the accumulation dam; d The downstream slope length of the accumulation dam, l This refers to the length of the dam's axis.

[0009] In some embodiments, the environmental control device includes a pressure control unit, which includes a pressure pump, a gas storage tank, a pressure delivery pipeline, a pressure sensor, and a pressure regulating valve. The gas storage tank is connected to the pressure tank via the pressure transmission pipeline; the pressure pump and the pressure regulating valve are installed on the pressure transmission pipeline; the pressure sensor is installed inside the pressure tank or on the pressure transmission pipeline; the pressure sensor, the pressure pump, and the pressure regulating valve are communicatively connected to the data processing unit; the data processing unit is further configured to: Extract air pressure parameters from the meteorological data; Obtain the real-time air pressure detected by the pressure sensor; A pressure regulating command is generated based on the air pressure parameters and the real-time air pressure, and the pressure regulating command is sent to the pressure pump and the pressure regulating valve.

[0010] In some embodiments, the environmental control device includes a temperature control unit, which includes a temperature control box, a temperature control switch, and a temperature sensor. The temperature control box is connected to the pressure chamber to form a temperature control channel; the temperature control switch is disposed on the temperature control channel; the temperature sensor is disposed inside the pressure chamber or in the temperature control channel; the temperature control box and the temperature control switch are communicatively connected to the data processing unit, and the data processing unit is further configured to: Acquire freeze-thaw cycle data, which includes cold condition temperature, hot condition temperature, cycle period, and number of cycles. A set of cycle control instructions is generated based on the freeze-thaw cycle data, and the set of cycle control instructions includes multiple cycle instructions. The real-time temperature is obtained through the temperature sensor. Based on the real-time temperature, multiple cyclic commands from the cyclic control command set are sequentially sent to the temperature control box and the temperature control switch.

[0011] In some embodiments, the environmental control device includes an oxygen control unit, which includes an oxygen tank, an oxygen pump, and an oxygen concentration sensor. The oxygen tank is connected to the pressure vessel to form an oxygen delivery channel; the oxygen pump is installed on the oxygen delivery channel; the oxygen concentration sensor is installed inside the pressure vessel or in the oxygen delivery channel; the oxygen pump and the oxygen concentration sensor are communicatively connected to the data processing unit, which is further configured to: Acquire experimental geographic parameters, including the altitude of the experimental target; Calculate the target oxygen concentration based on the experimental geographical parameters and the meteorological data; A first oxygen regulation command is generated based on the target oxygen concentration, and the first oxygen regulation command is sent to the oxygen pump. Obtain the real-time oxygen concentration detected by the oxygen concentration sensor; When the real-time oxygen concentration reaches the target oxygen concentration, a second oxygen adjustment command is generated and sent to the oxygen pump; the second oxygen adjustment command is used to shut down the oxygen pump to reduce the oxygen concentration in the pressure tank through the oxygen adsorbent in the oxygen tank.

[0012] In some embodiments, the mountain model includes a mountain simulation board and an angle adjustment mechanism; One end of the angle adjustment mechanism is hinged to the bottom surface of the mountain simulation board; the other end of the angle adjustment mechanism is disposed on the bottom surface of the pressure box; the angle adjustment mechanism establishes a communication connection with the data processing unit, and the data processing unit is further configured to: Obtain experimental geographic parameters, including the mountain inclination angle; An angle adjustment command is generated based on the experimental geographical parameters, and the angle adjustment command is sent to the angle adjustment mechanism.

[0013] In some embodiments, the surface of the tailings dam model is provided with a removable impermeable layer; the impermeable layer includes one or more combinations of a first impermeable layer, a second impermeable layer, and a third impermeable layer; The first impermeable layer is a geomembrane impermeable layer; the second impermeable layer is a bentonite impermeable layer; and the third impermeable layer is a vegetation impermeable layer.

[0014] In some embodiments, the top of the pressure tank is provided with a rain layer and a hail layer; the rain layer includes a water supply pipe with rainwater holes; the hail layer includes hail channels with hail holes. The water supply pipeline is connected to the rainfall regulation mechanism; the hail channel is connected to the ice maker; the ice maker has multiple ice block outlets with different diameters; the data processing unit is further configured to: Extract temperature parameters from the meteorological data; Rainfall parameters are calculated based on the temperature parameters, wherein the rainfall parameters include at least one of rainfall intensity and hail load; Rainfall simulation instructions are generated based on the rainfall parameters. The rainfall simulation instructions include rainfall adjustment instructions and hail adjustment instructions. The rainfall adjustment instructions are used to set the mass of water extracted from the water tank by the rainfall adjustment mechanism and the amount of water used for ice making. The hail adjustment instructions are used to set the ice block outlet used by the ice maker. The rainfall command is sent to a rainfall simulation component, which includes at least one of the rainfall adjustment mechanism and the ice maker.

[0015] In some embodiments, the rain layer further includes a first opening and closing component; the first opening and closing component is disposed at an associated position of the rainwater hole for closing or opening the rainwater hole; the hail layer further includes a second opening and closing component, the second opening and closing component is disposed at an associated position of the hail hole for closing or opening the hail hole; The first opening / closing component and the second opening / closing component are communicatively connected to the data processing unit, which is further configured to: Calculate rainfall distribution information based on the aforementioned rainfall parameters; The opening and closing target and the target opening and closing component associated with the opening and closing target are determined based on the rainfall distribution information; the opening and closing target includes at least one of the rainwater hole and the hail hole; the target opening and closing component includes at least one of the first opening and closing component and the second opening and closing component; Send opening and closing commands to the opening and closing target and the target opening and closing component.

[0016] According to a second aspect of this application, a model test method for rainfall infiltration in tailings dams under freeze-thaw cycles is provided, applied to the system described in the first aspect, the method comprising: Acquire meteorological data, including real-time meteorological data and historical meteorological data; The test condition control command is generated based on the meteorological data, and the test condition control command is sent to the target device so that the target device adjusts environmental parameters and / or controls rainfall in response to the test condition control command; wherein the test condition control command includes at least one of environmental control command and rainfall control command; the target device includes at least one of environmental control device and rainfall infiltration device; Receive monitoring data and acquire model parameters, wherein the monitoring data includes at least one of test time, moisture content, environmental parameters and test displacement; Test results are generated based on the monitoring data and the model parameters, and these results are used to evaluate the stability of the tailings dam.

[0017] According to a third aspect of this application, a computer device is provided, including a storage medium, a processor, and a computer program stored on the storage medium and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the above-described method for testing the rainfall infiltration model of a tailings dam under freeze-thaw cycles.

[0018] According to a fourth aspect of this application, a storage medium is provided that stores a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for testing the rainfall infiltration model of a tailings dam under freeze-thaw cycles.

[0019] Based on the above technical solution, this application provides a test system and method for a tailings dam rainfall infiltration model under freeze-thaw cycles. The system includes a pressure chamber, an environmental control device, a rainfall infiltration device, and an intelligent monitoring device. The pressure chamber contains a tailings dam model. The environmental control device is connected to the internal space of the pressure chamber and can adjust environmental parameters such as the test temperature, test pressure, and test oxygen concentration within the pressure chamber. The rainfall infiltration device can simulate different rainfall phenomena based on meteorological data. The intelligent monitoring device can collect monitoring data through a sensor array and generate test results for evaluating the stability of the tailings dam through a data processing unit. The system can simulate the low-pressure, low-oxygen environment and freeze-thaw cycle phenomena in high-altitude and cold regions, enabling dynamic process simulation of the tailings dam model under freeze-thaw cycles and rainfall conditions, thus improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0020] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tailings dam rainfall infiltration model test system under freeze-thaw cycle provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature control unit structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure control unit structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the oxygen control unit structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rainfall infiltration device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rainfall layer structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hail layer structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the first opening and closing mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent monitoring device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 10This application provides a schematic diagram of the test method for a tailings dam rainfall infiltration model under freeze-thaw cycles. Figure 11 This application provides a schematic diagram of the process for adjusting the tilt angle of a mountain model. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other.

[0023] To address the issue of low accuracy in rainfall infiltration tests of tailings dams under freeze-thaw cycles, this application provides a model test system for rainfall infiltration in tailings dams under freeze-thaw cycles. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: a pressure tank 1, an environmental control device, a rainwater infiltration device 2, and an intelligent monitoring device 3.

[0024] The pressure chamber 1 is a device for simulating tailings dam instability tests. For example, the pressure chamber 1 may include a body and a cover, which together form a rectangular box structure. The interior of the pressure chamber 1 can serve as a test space, and after the cover closes the body, a closed and independent test environment can be formed.

[0025] The pressure tank 1 contains a tailings dam model. This tailings dam model includes an initial dam model 11, a tailings dam model 12, a drainage well model 13, and a hill model 14. The initial dam model 11 and the tailings dam model 12 are used to simulate the initial and tailings dams in the tailings accumulation area; therefore, they are models formed by the accumulation of tailings materials. For example, the initial dam is a dam constructed using soil and rock materials from the tailings, and can be used for drainage or support in tailings dam accumulation. The tailings dam is a dam constructed during the production process using tailings deposits on the foundation of the initial dam.

[0026] In some embodiments, the surfaces of the initial dam model 11 and the tailings dam model 12 in the tailings dam model may be provided with removable impermeable layers. The impermeable layers include one or more combinations of a first impermeable layer, a second impermeable layer, and a third impermeable layer. The first impermeable layer is a geomembrane impermeable material; the second impermeable layer is a bentonite impermeable material; and the third impermeable layer is a vegetation impermeable layer.

[0027] The drainage well model 13 is used to simulate drainage wells in the tailings accumulation area. Therefore, the drainage well model 13 can be a tubular model set on the bottom surface of the pressure tank 1 or the mountain model 14, and can be used to drain rainwater that has not seeped into the initial dam model 11 and the accumulation dam model 12. In some embodiments, the drainage well model 13 can be set at the drainage point location in the pressure tank 1. The drainage point location includes the water accumulation point formed by the tailings dam model and the bottom or side wall of the pressure tank 1, and the water accumulation point formed by the tailings dam model and the mountain model 14.

[0028] For example, the initial dam model 11 is located on the left side of the internal space of the pressure tank 1, forming a V-shaped ditch with the side wall of the pressure tank 1. Rainwater can flow into this ditch under the action of gravity, thus forming a water accumulation point. Therefore, this location can be set as a drainage point for setting up the drainage well model 13. Similarly, a V-shaped ditch will also be formed between the right side of the accumulation dam model 12 and the mountain model 14, forming a water accumulation point. Therefore, a drainage well model 13 can also be set up at this location.

[0029] The mountain model 14 is used to simulate the slope in the tailings accumulation area. To simulate different tailings accumulation environments, the inclination angle of the simulated mountain model 14 can be adjusted according to experimental needs. Therefore, in some embodiments, the mountain model 14 includes a mountain simulation plate and an angle adjustment mechanism. The mountain simulation plate is tilted to simulate the slope in the tailings accumulation environment. One end of the angle adjustment mechanism is hinged to the bottom surface of the mountain simulation plate; the other end of the angle adjustment mechanism is disposed on the bottom surface of the pressure box 1.

[0030] An angle adjustment mechanism is a telescopic mechanism that allows the tilt angle of the mountain simulation board to be adjusted by setting different telescopic amounts. For example, when it is necessary to increase the tilt angle to simulate a steep slope, the total length of the angle adjustment mechanism can be increased using the telescopic mechanism; conversely, when it is necessary to decrease the tilt angle to simulate a gentle slope, the total length of the angle adjustment mechanism can be decreased using the telescopic mechanism.

[0031] The environmental control device is used to adjust the environmental parameters inside the pressure chamber 1, and may include multiple control units for adjusting different types of environmental parameters. In some embodiments, the adjustable environmental parameters include at least one of test temperature, test pressure, and test oxygen concentration. Correspondingly, the environmental control device may include at least one of temperature control unit 4, pressure control unit 5, and oxygen control unit 6.

[0032] In order to adjust the environmental parameters inside the pressure tank 1, the environmental control device can be connected to the internal space of the pressure tank 1. The control units used to adjust different environmental parameters have different structures and can be connected to the internal space of the pressure tank 1 in different ways.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, when the environmental control device includes a temperature control unit 4, the temperature control unit 4 may include a temperature control box 41, a temperature control switch 42, and a temperature sensor 43. The temperature control box 41 may include temperature regulating devices such as a heater and a refrigeration compressor to regulate the test temperature inside the pressure chamber 1. Therefore, the temperature control box 41 can form a temperature control channel by connecting to the pressure chamber 1. The temperature control switch 42 is installed on the temperature control channel to control its opening and closing. The temperature sensor 43 can be used to detect the real-time temperature during the temperature regulation process. Accordingly, the temperature sensor 43 can be installed inside the pressure chamber 1 or in the temperature control channel.

[0034] For example, temperature sensor 43 can be one of a thermocouple temperature sensor, a thermistor temperature sensor, an infrared temperature sensor, or a semiconductor temperature sensor. Temperature control box 41 can be located on the right side of the exterior of pressure chamber 1, forming an L-shaped temperature control channel by connecting to the interior of pressure chamber 1. Temperature control switch 42 is a valve that can open or close the temperature control channel. By placing temperature control switch 42 on the temperature control channel, it can divide the channel into two areas: one area connected to pressure chamber 1, and the other area connected to temperature control box 41. Temperature sensor 43 can be located in the area connected to pressure chamber 1 to detect real-time temperature.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, when the environmental control device includes a pressure control unit 5, the pressure control unit 5 may include a pressure pump 51, a gas storage tank 52, a pressure delivery pipeline 53, a pressure sensor 54, and a pressure regulating valve 55. The gas storage tank 52 is used to provide the necessary pressure to the pressure tank 1, and is connected to the pressure tank 1 via the pressure delivery pipeline 53. The pressure pump 51 and the pressure regulating valve 55 are installed on the pressure delivery pipeline 53; that is, the pressure delivery pipeline 53 is equipped with the pressure regulating valve 55 and the pressure sensor 54. The pressure sensor 54 is used to sense the air pressure inside the pressure tank 1, and the pressure regulating valve 55 can be used to open or close the pressure delivery pipeline 53 to start or stop pressure regulation. The pressure sensor 54 is used to detect real-time pressure; therefore, the pressure sensor 54 can be installed inside the pressure tank 1 or on the pressure delivery pipeline 53.

[0036] The pressure regulating valve 55 can also be used to regulate the air flow rate in the pressure transmission pipeline 53, thereby controlling the air pressure regulation speed. Furthermore, the pressure regulating valve 55 can achieve automatic regulation based on feedback from the pressure sensor 54. For example, the pressure regulating valve 55 is an intelligent pressure regulating valve 55. The intelligent pressure regulating valve 55 can receive feedback from the pressure sensor 54 and then automatically regulate the air pressure within the pressure tank 1.

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, when the environmental control device includes an oxygen control unit 6, the oxygen control unit 6 includes an oxygen tank 61, an oxygen pump 62, and an oxygen concentration sensor 63. The oxygen tank 61 may include an oxygen cylinder filled with oxygen for supplying oxygen to the pressure tank 1; therefore, the oxygen tank 61 may be connected to the pressure tank 1 to form an oxygen delivery channel. The oxygen pump 62 is used to deliver oxygen to the pressure tank 1 and may be installed on the oxygen delivery channel. The oxygen concentration sensor 63 is used to detect the oxygen concentration in the pressure tank 1; therefore, the oxygen concentration sensor 63 may be installed inside the pressure tank 1 or in the oxygen delivery channel.

[0038] In addition to increasing the oxygen concentration in the pressure tank 1, the oxygen control unit 6 can also decrease the oxygen concentration in the pressure tank 1. Therefore, in some embodiments, the oxygen tank 61 may further include an oxygen cartridge 64. The oxygen cartridge 64 may contain an oxygen adsorbent for reducing the oxygen concentration in the pressure tank 1. The oxygen tank 61 and the oxygen cylinder are used to receive feedback from the oxygen concentration sensor 63, thereby dynamically regulating the oxygen concentration in the pressure tank 1.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, the rainfall infiltration device 2 is used to simulate rainfall. Therefore, the rainfall infiltration device 2 includes a rainfall infiltration pipe 21, a rainfall control mechanism 22, a water tank 23, and an ice maker 24. The water tank 23 is connected to the top of the pressure tank 1 via the rainfall infiltration pipe 21. The rainfall control mechanism 22 is used to control the rainfall intensity. The rainfall control mechanism 22 is installed on the rainfall infiltration pipe 21 to transport water from the water tank 23 to the top of the pressure tank 1, simulating the rainfall process. Furthermore, by setting the rainfall rate through the rainfall control mechanism 22, the mass of water extracted from the water tank 23 and the amount of water used for ice making can be obtained. An ice maker 24 can also be installed on the rainfall infiltration pipe 21 to freeze the water in the water tank 23 into ice blocks, simulating hail.

[0040] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the top of the pressure tank 1 may be provided with a rain layer and a hail layer. The rain layer includes water supply pipes with rainwater holes, and the water supply pipes are connected to a rainfall regulation mechanism. After the water in the water tank 23 is transported to the top of the pressure tank 1 through the rainfall control mechanism 22 and the rainwater infiltration pipe 21, it can be dispersed through multiple rows of water supply pipes and flow out from the rainwater holes to form raindrops, thereby simulating a rainfall process.

[0041] Similarly, the hail layer includes hail channels with hail holes. The hail channels are connected to the ice maker 24. Water in the water tank 23 is first transported to the ice maker 24 by the rain control mechanism 22 and the rain infiltration pipe 21. The ice maker 24 makes ice blocks, which are then transported to the hail channels and fall from the hail holes on the hail channels, simulating the hail falling process.

[0042] For example, the model's pressure chamber 1 cover can have two layers. The first layer forms a rainfall layer by deploying rainfall channels, and the second layer forms a hail layer by deploying hail channels. The rainfall layer contains multiple water inlet pipes with evenly distributed outlet holes to simulate a uniform rainfall process. The hail layer contains multiple hail channels with evenly distributed holes to simulate a uniform hailfall process.

[0043] It should be noted that, due to the poor fluidity of ice, an ice-water mixture can flow in the hail channel to transport the ice produced by the ice maker 24 to the hail hole location. That is, the ice produced by the ice maker 24 can mix with the water supplied by the rainfall regulation mechanism to form an ice-water mixture. This utilizes the fluid properties of water to transport the ice to the hail layer and allow it to fall through the hail holes in the hail channel.

[0044] In some embodiments, to simulate different types of hail, the ice maker 24 can produce ice blocks of different sizes, that is, the ice maker 24 can be provided with multiple ice block outlets, and the diameters of the multiple ice block outlets are different. When it is necessary to simulate large hailstones, the ice block outlet with a larger diameter is used; while when it is necessary to simulate small hailstones, the ice block outlet with a smaller diameter is used.

[0045] like Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the rain layer further includes a first opening / closing component 7. The first opening / closing component is disposed at an associated position of the rainwater hole and is used to close or open the rainwater hole. The hail layer further includes a second opening / closing component, which is disposed at an associated position of the hail hole and is used to close or open the hail hole.

[0046] In order to close or open the rainwater hole, the first opening and closing component 7 includes a first baffle 71 and a first driving member 72. The first driving member 72 includes a fixed end and a movable end. The movable end of the first driving member 72 is connected to the first baffle 71. The fixed end of the first driving member 72 is set on the water supply pipe.

[0047] For example, the first driving component can be a motor or a pneumatic piston. The first baffle is located on one side of the rainwater hole. When it is necessary to close the rainwater hole, a closing command can be sent to the first driving component. The first driving component can then respond to the closing command by pushing the first baffle to a position that blocks the rainwater hole, thereby closing the rainwater hole. When it is necessary to open the rainwater hole, an opening command can be sent to the first driving component. The opening command can control the first driving component to pull to a position that does not block the rainwater hole, thereby opening the rainwater hole.

[0048] Similarly, in order to close or open the hail hole, the second opening and closing component includes a second baffle and a second driving member. The second driving member includes a fixed end and a movable end. The movable end of the second driving member is connected to the first baffle. The fixed end of the second driving member is set on the hail channel.

[0049] In some embodiments, the rainfall infiltration device 2 further includes a drain pipe, a water collection bucket, and an electronic scale. One end of the drain pipe is connected to the drainage well model 13, and the other end of the drain pipe is connected to the water tank 23 via the water collection bucket. The water collection bucket is mounted on the electronic scale to measure the amount of water that did not infiltrate into the tailings dam model during the test.

[0050] The intelligent monitoring device 3 is used to monitor multiple data points during the experiment and generate experimental results based on the monitoring data. For this purpose, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the intelligent monitoring device 3 includes a sensor group 31 and a data processing unit 32. The sensor group includes at least one of a moisture content sensor, an environmental parameter sensor, and a displacement sensor. The sensor group is installed within the tailings dam model and can collect data in real time to obtain monitoring data, which is then sent to the data processing unit 32. The data processing unit 32 is connected to the sensor group, receives the various monitoring data detected by the sensor group, and performs data analysis and processing based on the monitoring data to obtain experimental results.

[0051] The data processing unit 32 is also communicatively connected to the environmental control device and the rainfall infiltration device 2 to control the adjustment process of environmental parameters and the rainfall simulation process. Therefore, the data processing unit 32 can be an electronic device with data processing and communication capabilities. Such electronic devices include, but are not limited to, computers, servers, mobile terminals, smart wearable devices, and industrial control computers.

[0052] The data processing unit 32 can be configured to execute a tailings dam rainfall infiltration model test method under freeze-thaw cycles. It should be noted that, for ease of description, the data processing unit 32 is used as the execution subject of the method in this embodiment. It should be understood that the method can also be applied to other types of execution subjects, which will not be shown one by one in this embodiment. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the method includes: S101. Obtain meteorological data.

[0053] When conducting rainfall infiltration simulation tests on tailings dams, meteorological data can be acquired first. This meteorological data includes real-time and historical meteorological data. The meteorological data can be input by the test personnel or obtained through the meteorological data interface provided by a meteorological data platform.

[0054] In some embodiments, to acquire meteorological data, the data processing unit 32 may first acquire test plan data and generate a data acquisition request based on the test plan data. The data acquisition request may include the data type of the meteorological data, such as real-time meteorological data and historical meteorological data. Furthermore, when the acquired meteorological data includes historical meteorological data, the data acquisition request may also include a data acquisition range. After generating the data acquisition request, it can be sent to the meteorological data platform to acquire meteorological data through the meteorological data interface provided by the meteorological data platform.

[0055] S102. Generate test condition control instructions based on meteorological data, and send the test condition control instructions to the target device.

[0056] After acquiring meteorological data, the data processing unit 32 can generate test condition control instructions based on the meteorological data and send the test condition control instructions to the target device, so that the target device responds to the test condition control instructions by executing at least one control process of adjusting environmental parameters and controlling rainfall. The test condition control instructions include at least one of environmental control instructions and rainfall control instructions, and the target device includes at least one of an environmental control device and a rainfall infiltration device 2.

[0057] The environmental control command is used to control the environmental parameters within the pressure chamber 1 by the environmental control device. Since the adjustable environmental parameters may include at least one of the test temperature, test pressure, and test oxygen concentration, the environmental control device, as the target device, may include at least one of the temperature control unit 4, pressure control unit 5, and oxygen control unit 6.

[0058] In some embodiments, to regulate the test temperature, the temperature control box 41 and temperature control switch 42 in the temperature control unit 4 are communicatively connected to the data processing unit 32. The data processing unit 32 is further configured to: first extract temperature parameters, rainfall intensity, and rainfall location from meteorological data; then calculate the target rainfall intensity based on the temperature parameters, rainfall intensity, and rainfall location, and generate a rainfall control command based on the target rainfall intensity; then acquire the real-time temperature collected by the temperature sensor 43, generate a temperature control command based on the real-time temperature and temperature parameters, and send the temperature control command to the temperature control box 41 and temperature control switch 42 of the temperature control unit 4, thereby realizing the function of intelligently controlling the temperature changes inside the pressure chamber 1 based on meteorological data.

[0059] In some embodiments, the temperature control unit 4 can provide alternating hot and cold temperatures to the pressure tank 1 to simulate the freeze-thaw cycle of a tailings dam. During the simulated freeze-thaw cycle of the tailings dam, the data processing unit 32 can first acquire freeze-thaw cycle data. This freeze-thaw cycle data includes cold condition temperature, hot condition temperature, cycle period, and number of cycles.

[0060] Then, a set of cycle control instructions is generated based on the freeze-thaw cycle data. The set of cycle control instructions includes multiple cycle instructions. The real-time temperature is obtained through the temperature sensor 43, and based on the real-time temperature, the multiple cycle instructions in the set of cycle control instructions are sent sequentially to the temperature control box 41 and the temperature control switch 42, so that the temperature control unit 4 can provide alternating hot and cold temperatures according to the multiple cycle instructions to simulate the freeze-thaw cycle process of the tailings dam.

[0061] In some embodiments, to regulate the test pressure, the pressure sensor 54, pressure pump 51, and pressure regulating valve 55 in the pressure control unit 5 can be communicatively connected to the data processing unit 32. Furthermore, the data processing unit 32 is configured to extract air pressure parameters from meteorological data and acquire the real-time air pressure detected by the pressure sensor 54. It then generates a pressure regulation command based on the air pressure parameters and the real-time air pressure, and sends the pressure regulation command to the pressure pump 51 and the pressure regulating valve 55.

[0062] For example, to simulate the low-pressure environment of high-altitude and cold regions, the pressure pump 51 can be a vacuum pump. Therefore, a pressure regulation command can be generated by extracting air pressure parameters from meteorological data. After the pressure regulation command is sent to the pressure pump 51 and the pressure regulating valve 55, the vacuum pump is connected to the pressure tank 1 through the pressure delivery pipeline 53 to extract air from the device, thereby reducing the air pressure in the pressure tank 1. To simulate a high-pressure environment, the pressure control unit 5 can be equipped with an air storage tank 52 to provide the necessary pressure to the pressure tank 1.

[0063] In some embodiments, to adjust the experimental oxygen concentration, the oxygen pump 62 and oxygen concentration sensor 63 in the oxygen control unit 6 can be communicatively connected to the data processing unit 32. The data processing unit 32 is also configured to acquire experimental geographical parameters, including the target altitude. The target oxygen concentration is then calculated based on the experimental geographical parameters and meteorological data, and a first oxygen adjustment command is generated based on the target oxygen concentration. The first oxygen adjustment command is then sent to the oxygen pump 62.

[0064] The oxygen concentration in the pressure tank 1 can be adjusted to the target oxygen concentration level by means of the first oxygen adjustment command. For example, the data processing unit 32 can receive feedback from the oxygen concentration sensor 63, generate the first oxygen adjustment command, and control the oxygen tank to supply oxygen to the pressure tank 1 based on the first oxygen adjustment command, thereby dynamically regulating the oxygen concentration in the pressure tank 1.

[0065] After sending a first oxygen adjustment command to the oxygen pump 62 to adjust the oxygen concentration in the pressure tank 1 to the target oxygen concentration, if it is necessary to reduce the oxygen concentration in the pressure tank 1, the data processing unit 32 can obtain the real-time oxygen concentration detected by the oxygen concentration sensor 63, and when the real-time oxygen concentration reaches the target oxygen concentration, generate a second oxygen adjustment command and send the second oxygen adjustment command to the oxygen pump 62. The second oxygen adjustment command is used to shut down the oxygen pump 62, thereby reducing the oxygen concentration in the pressure tank 1 through the oxygen adsorbent in the oxygen tank 61.

[0066] For example, the oxygen control unit 6 can respond to the first oxygen regulation command and the second oxygen regulation command, and in conjunction with the oxygen concentration sensor 63, sense the oxygen concentration in the pressure tank 1, and reduce the oxygen concentration in the pressure tank 1 by using the oxygen adsorbent installed in the oxygen box 64.

[0067] Therefore, based on the environmental parameter adjustment process in the above embodiments, the system can perform a pre-test processing procedure before executing the test. For example, the pre-test processing procedure may include the following steps: S1201, Test hardware settings.

[0068] When setting up the experimental hardware, the angle of the mountain model 14 can be confirmed and fixed by placing the uncovered pressure box 1 indoors and adjusting the height of the support rod corresponding to the angle adjustment mechanism. Then, based on the tailings material of the actual site, the initial dam model 11 and the accumulated dam model 12 are stacked inside the model box. During the stacking of the tailings dam models, moisture content sensors, air-water pressure composite sensors, and displacement sensors can be buried at different depths. A geomembrane seepage prevention layer is then added to the top of the initial dam and the accumulated dam, and the top cover of the pressure box 1 is also added.

[0069] S1202, Test pressure adjustment.

[0070] When adjusting the test pressure, the gas storage tank 52, the intelligent pressure regulating valve 55 and the pressure sensor 54 can be opened by the pressure adjustment command. The pressure sensor 54 is checked to ensure that the pressure box 1 is at normal atmospheric pressure.

[0071] S1203, Set the test oxygen concentration.

[0072] When setting the test oxygen concentration, the oxygen pump 62, oxygen tank 61, and oxygen concentration sensor 63 can be turned on by the first oxygen adjustment command. Then, the oxygen concentration sensor 63 can detect the oxygen concentration in real time to ensure that the pressure tank 1 has a normal oxygen concentration.

[0073] S1204, Simulated geographical conditions.

[0074] When simulating geographical conditions, the target air pressure can be calculated based on the proposed altitude, and the pressure pump 51 can be turned on to pump air from the model pressure tank 1 through the pressure adjustment command. The data in the pressure sensor 54 can be read, and the pressure pump 51 can be turned off when the reading drops to the target air pressure.

[0075] Then, the target oxygen concentration is calculated based on the oxygen concentration at the intended location, and the oxygen pump 62 is turned off by the second oxygen adjustment command, while the oxygen concentration sensor 63 and oxygen tank 61 are turned on. The oxygen concentration in the pressure tank 1 is reduced by the oxygen adsorbent in the oxygen tank 61.

[0076] After completing the pre-test processing procedures, a simulation test can be conducted. During the simulation test, the rainfall infiltration device 2 can be controlled to simulate the rainfall process via rainfall control commands. In order to control the rainfall simulation process, in some embodiments, the data processing unit 32 is also configured to extract temperature parameters from meteorological data and calculate rainfall parameters based on the temperature parameters, wherein the rainfall parameters include at least one of rainfall intensity and hail load.

[0077] Then, a rainfall simulation command is generated based on the rainfall parameters, and then sent to the rainfall simulation component. The rainfall simulation command includes a rainfall adjustment command and a hail adjustment command. The rainfall adjustment command is used to set the mass of water extracted from the water tank 23 by the rainfall adjustment mechanism and the amount of water used for ice making; the hail adjustment command is used to set the ice block outlet used by the ice maker 24. The rainfall simulation component includes at least one of a rainfall adjustment mechanism and an ice maker 24.

[0078] For example, when simulating rainfall infiltration, the rainfall control valve can be opened via a rainfall adjustment command, allowing rainwater to infiltrate into the tailings dam model through small holes in the inlet pipe. Conversely, when simulating hailfall, the rainfall control valve is closed via a hail adjustment command to simulate a uniform hailfall.

[0079] In some embodiments, in order to simulate rainfall or hail phenomena with different distribution characteristics, the first opening and closing component and the second opening and closing component are communicatively connected to the data processing unit 32, and the data processing unit 32 is further configured to calculate rainfall distribution information based on rainfall parameters, and determine the opening and closing target and the target opening and closing component associated with the opening and closing target based on the rainfall distribution information, wherein the opening and closing target includes at least one of rainwater holes and hail holes; the target opening and closing component includes at least one of the first opening and closing component and the second opening and closing component.

[0080] Then, opening and closing commands are sent to the target and the target opening and closing components to calculate the target rainfall intensity based on the rainfall information monitored at the intended location; the rainfall distribution is obtained based on the monitored meteorological data, and the rainfall distribution is simulated by controlling the opening and closing of the rain layer and hail layer holes through computer control.

[0081] Therefore, based on the rainfall simulation process provided in the above embodiments, the system can perform simulation experiments, for example, the simulation experiment includes the following steps: S1205, Record conditional data.

[0082] That is, by using a data monitoring device, the sensor changes over time when no test is conducted.

[0083] S1206. Calculate the target rainfall intensity.

[0084] Before conducting the experiment, the freezing temperature, thawing temperature, number of freeze-thaw cycles, and freeze-thaw interval should be planned in advance. Based on the rainfall information monitored at the designated location, the target rainfall intensity is calculated. That is, the data monitoring device can calculate the target rainfall intensity based on the meteorological data monitored at the designated location, such as temperature, rainfall intensity, and rainfall location, and intelligently adjust the temperature control unit 4 and the rainfall infiltration device 2 based on the target rainfall intensity.

[0085] During the experiment, temperature adjustment commands can be generated based on temperature information monitored at the designated location, which will then be used to open the temperature control box 41 and the temperature control switch 42. Additionally, based on the monitored meteorological data, rainfall distribution can be obtained, and the opening and closing of the holes in the rainfall and hail layers can be controlled via opening and closing commands to simulate rainfall distribution.

[0086] S1207. Record the test data.

[0087] During the experiment, the changes in water content, pore gas pressure, pore water pressure, and displacement over time can be monitored in real time based on the freeze-thaw cycle and rainfall infiltration process, thereby obtaining monitoring data.

[0088] S103, Receive monitoring data and obtain model parameters.

[0089] After generating test condition control commands based on meteorological data and sending them to the target device, the data processing unit 32 can receive monitoring data and acquire model parameters. The monitoring data includes at least one of the following: test time, moisture content, environmental parameters, and test displacement. The model parameters are used to characterize the physical structure of the model and may include the upstream slope length *a* of the initial dam, the crest width *b* of the initial dam, the upstream slope length *c* of the accumulation dam, the downstream slope length *d* of the accumulation dam, and the dam axis length *l*.

[0090] S104. Generate test results based on monitoring data and model parameters.

[0091] After acquiring monitoring data and model parameters, the data processing unit 32 can generate test results based on the monitoring data and model parameters. The test results can be used to evaluate multiple data items related to the stability of the tailings dam, such as average rainfall infiltration rate and displacement change.

[0092] To generate test results, in some embodiments, when the test results include the average rainfall infiltration rate, the electronic scale in the rainfall infiltration device 2 can be communicatively connected to the data processing unit 32. Furthermore, the data processing unit 32 is configured to determine a preset time interval and acquire the non-infiltrating water volume within the preset time interval via the electronic scale. Then, it extracts the upstream slope length of the initial dam, the crest width of the initial dam, the upstream slope length of the accumulation dam, the downstream slope length of the accumulation dam, and the dam axis length from the model parameters, as well as acquires the rainfall volume within the preset time interval. Finally, it calculates the average rainfall infiltration rate based on the non-infiltrating water volume and the rainfall volume within the preset time interval.

[0093] The average rainfall infiltration rate is calculated using the following formula:

[0094] In the formula, f This represents the average rainfall infiltration rate. t This is a preset time interval; w rain The rainfall amount within a preset time interval; weight This refers to the amount of non-infiltrating water within a preset time interval; ρ w The density of water; a The initial upstream slope length of the dam; b This refers to the initial width of the dam crest; c The upstream slope length of the accumulation dam; d The downstream slope length of the accumulation dam, l This refers to the length of the dam's axis.

[0095] In some embodiments, when the test results include displacement change, the displacement sensor in the intelligent monitoring device 3 can be connected to the early warning device through the data processing unit 32. By analyzing the monitoring data, when the displacement change is >15%, the data processing unit 32 can activate the early warning device and control the early warning device to start sounding an alarm.

[0096] By applying the technical solutions of the above embodiments, the tailings dam rainfall infiltration model test system under freeze-thaw cycles provided in the above embodiments includes a pressure tank 1, an environmental control device, a rainfall infiltration device 2, and an intelligent monitoring device 3. The pressure tank 1 houses a tailings dam model. The environmental control device is connected to the internal space of the pressure tank 1 and can adjust environmental parameters such as the test temperature, test pressure, and test oxygen concentration within the pressure tank 1. The rainfall infiltration device 2 can simulate different rainfall phenomena based on meteorological data. The intelligent monitoring device 3 can collect monitoring data through a sensor array and generate test results for evaluating the stability of the tailings dam through a data processing unit 32. The system can simulate the low-pressure, low-oxygen environment and freeze-thaw cycle phenomena in high-altitude and cold regions, enabling dynamic process simulation of the tailings dam model under freeze-thaw cycles and rainfall conditions, thus improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0097] In some embodiments, as a refinement and extension of the specific implementation of the above embodiments, and in order to fully illustrate the specific implementation process of this embodiment, some embodiments of this application also provide a method for a model test of rainfall infiltration in tailings dams under freeze-thaw cycles, such as... Figure 11 As shown, the method includes: S201. Obtain the geographical parameters of the test; S202. Generate angle adjustment instructions based on the experimental geographical parameters, and send the angle adjustment instructions to the angle adjustment mechanism.

[0098] As can be seen, the difference between the tailings dam rainfall infiltration model test method under freeze-thaw cycle described in this embodiment and the above embodiment is that this embodiment can automatically adjust the tilt angle of the mountain model 14 as needed. For this purpose, the angle adjustment mechanism of the mountain model 14 can establish a communication connection with the data processing unit 32, and the data processing unit 32 is also configured to first obtain the test geographical parameters including the tilt angle of the mountain, then generate the angle adjustment command according to the test geographical parameters, and send the angle adjustment command to the angle adjustment mechanism.

[0099] By applying the technical solutions of the above embodiments, the tailings dam rainfall infiltration model test method under freeze-thaw cycle provided in the above embodiments can automatically adjust the tilt angle of the mountain model 14 according to the test needs, realize environmental simulation of more tailings treatment areas, and improve the adaptability of the method.

[0100] This application also provides a computer device, specifically a personal computer, server, network device, etc. The computer device includes a bus, processor, memory, and communication interface, and may also include input / output interfaces and a display device. The processor of the computer device provides computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device stores location information. The network interface of the computer device is used for communication with external terminals via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps in the various method embodiments.

[0101] Those skilled in the art will understand that the structure of the computer device described above is only a partial structure related to the solution of this application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of this application is applied. A specific computer device may include more or fewer components, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0102] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, which may be non-volatile or volatile, and a computer program is stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0103] In one embodiment, a computer program product is also provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0104] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties.

[0105] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods.

[0106] Any references to memory, database, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc.

[0107] Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM).

[0108] The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, distributed databases based on blockchain. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be, but are not limited to, general-purpose processors, graphics processors, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc.

[0109] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0110] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A model test system for rainfall infiltration in tailings dams under freeze-thaw cycles, characterized in that, include: A pressure tank, wherein a tailings dam model is provided inside the pressure tank; the tailings dam model includes an initial dam model, a stockpiling dam model, a drainage well model, and a mountain model; An environmental control device is connected to the internal space of the pressure chamber; the environmental control device is used to adjust the environmental parameters of the internal space of the pressure chamber, the environmental parameters including at least one of test temperature, test pressure and test oxygen concentration. A rainwater infiltration device includes a rainwater infiltration pipe, a rainfall control mechanism, a water tank, and an ice maker; the water tank is connected to the top of a pressure tank through the rainwater infiltration pipe; the rainfall control mechanism and the ice maker are mounted on the rainwater infiltration pipe. An intelligent monitoring device includes a sensor group and a data processing unit; the sensor group includes at least one of a moisture content sensor, an environmental parameter sensor, and a displacement sensor; the sensor group is installed within the tailings dam model; the data processing unit is connected to the sensor group; the data processing unit is also communicatively connected to the environmental control device and the rainfall infiltration device; the data processing unit is configured to: Acquire meteorological data, including real-time meteorological data and historical meteorological data; The test condition control command is generated based on the meteorological data, and the test condition control command is sent to the target device so that the target device adjusts environmental parameters and / or controls rainfall in response to the test condition control command; wherein the test condition control command includes at least one of environmental control command and rainfall control command; the target device includes at least one of environmental control device and rainfall infiltration device; Receive monitoring data and acquire model parameters, wherein the monitoring data includes at least one of test time, moisture content, environmental parameters, and test displacement; Test results are generated based on the monitoring data and the model parameters, and these results are used to evaluate the stability of the tailings dam.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage well model is set at the drainage point location in the pressure tank; the drainage point location includes the water accumulation point formed by the tailings dam model and the bottom or side wall of the pressure tank, and the water accumulation point formed by the tailings dam model and the mountain model; The rainfall infiltration device also includes a drainage pipe, a water collection bucket, and an electronic scale; one end of the drainage pipe is connected to the drainage well model, and the other end of the drainage pipe is connected to the water tank through the water collection bucket; the water collection bucket is mounted on the electronic scale; the electronic scale is communicatively connected to the data processing unit; the data processing unit is further configured to: A preset time interval is determined, and the amount of non-infiltrating water within the preset time interval is obtained using the electronic scale; The upstream slope length of the initial dam, the crest width of the initial dam, the upstream slope length of the accumulation dam, the downstream slope length of the accumulation dam, and the dam axis length are extracted from the model parameters. Obtain the rainfall within the preset time interval; The average rainfall infiltration rate is calculated based on the non-infiltrating water volume and the rainfall within the preset time interval. The average rainfall infiltration rate is obtained according to the following formula: in, f This represents the average rainfall infiltration rate. t This is a preset time interval; w rain The rainfall amount within a preset time interval; weight This refers to the amount of non-infiltrating water within a preset time interval; ρ w The density of water; a The initial upstream slope length of the dam; b This refers to the initial width of the dam crest; c The upstream slope length of the accumulation dam; d The downstream slope length of the accumulation dam, l This refers to the length of the dam's axis.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental control device includes a pressure control unit, which includes a pressure pump, a gas storage tank, a pressure delivery pipeline, a pressure sensor, and a pressure regulating valve. The gas storage tank is connected to the pressure tank via the pressure transmission pipeline; the pressure pump and the pressure regulating valve are installed on the pressure transmission pipeline; the pressure sensor is installed inside the pressure tank or on the pressure transmission pipeline; the pressure sensor, the pressure pump, and the pressure regulating valve are communicatively connected to the data processing unit; the data processing unit is further configured to: Extract air pressure parameters from the meteorological data; Obtain the real-time air pressure detected by the pressure sensor; A pressure regulating command is generated based on the air pressure parameters and the real-time air pressure, and the pressure regulating command is sent to the pressure pump and the pressure regulating valve.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental control device includes a temperature control unit, which includes a temperature control box, a temperature control switch, and a temperature sensor. The temperature control box is connected to the pressure chamber to form a temperature control channel; the temperature control switch is disposed on the temperature control channel; the temperature sensor is disposed inside the pressure chamber or in the temperature control channel; the temperature control box and the temperature control switch are communicatively connected to the data processing unit, and the data processing unit is further configured to: Acquire freeze-thaw cycle data, which includes cold condition temperature, hot condition temperature, cycle period, and number of cycles. A set of cycle control instructions is generated based on the freeze-thaw cycle data, and the set of cycle control instructions includes multiple cycle instructions. The real-time temperature is obtained through the temperature sensor. Based on the real-time temperature, multiple cyclic commands from the cyclic control command set are sequentially sent to the temperature control box and the temperature control switch.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental control device includes an oxygen control unit, which includes an oxygen tank, an oxygen pump, and an oxygen concentration sensor. The oxygen tank is connected to the pressure vessel to form an oxygen delivery channel; the oxygen pump is installed on the oxygen delivery channel; the oxygen concentration sensor is installed inside the pressure vessel or in the oxygen delivery channel; the oxygen pump and the oxygen concentration sensor are communicatively connected to the data processing unit, which is further configured to: Acquire experimental geographic parameters, including the altitude of the experimental target; Calculate the target oxygen concentration based on the experimental geographical parameters and the meteorological data; A first oxygen regulation command is generated based on the target oxygen concentration, and the first oxygen regulation command is sent to the oxygen pump. Obtain the real-time oxygen concentration detected by the oxygen concentration sensor; When the real-time oxygen concentration reaches the target oxygen concentration, a second oxygen adjustment command is generated and sent to the oxygen pump; the second oxygen adjustment command is used to shut down the oxygen pump to reduce the oxygen concentration in the pressure tank through the oxygen adsorbent in the oxygen tank.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mountain model includes a mountain simulation board and an angle adjustment mechanism; One end of the angle adjustment mechanism is hinged to the bottom surface of the mountain simulation board; the other end of the angle adjustment mechanism is disposed on the bottom surface of the pressure box; the angle adjustment mechanism establishes a communication connection with the data processing unit, and the data processing unit is further configured to: Obtain experimental geographic parameters, including the mountain inclination angle; An angle adjustment command is generated based on the experimental geographical parameters, and the angle adjustment command is sent to the angle adjustment mechanism.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the tailings dam model is provided with a removable seepage-proof layer; the seepage-proof layer includes one or more combinations of a first seepage-proof layer, a second seepage-proof layer, and a third seepage-proof layer; The first impermeable layer is a geomembrane impermeable layer; the second impermeable layer is a bentonite impermeable layer; and the third impermeable layer is a vegetation impermeable layer.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure tank is provided with a rain layer and a hail layer at its top; the rain layer includes a water supply pipe with rainwater holes; the hail layer includes hail channels with hail holes. The water supply pipeline is connected to the rainfall regulation mechanism; the hail channel is connected to the ice maker; the ice maker has multiple ice block outlets with different diameters; the data processing unit is further configured to: Extract temperature parameters from the meteorological data; Rainfall parameters are calculated based on the temperature parameters, wherein the rainfall parameters include at least one of rainfall intensity and hail load; Rainfall simulation instructions are generated based on the rainfall parameters. The rainfall simulation instructions include rainfall adjustment instructions and hail adjustment instructions. The rainfall adjustment instructions are used to set the mass of water extracted from the water tank by the rainfall adjustment mechanism and the amount of water used for ice making. The hail adjustment instructions are used to set the ice block outlet used by the ice maker. The rainfall command is sent to a rainfall simulation component, which includes at least one of the rainfall adjustment mechanism and the ice maker.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The rain layer further includes a first opening and closing component; the first opening and closing component is disposed at the associated position of the rainwater hole and is used to close or open the rainwater hole; the hail layer further includes a second opening and closing component, the second opening and closing component is disposed at the associated position of the hail hole and is used to close or open the hail hole; The first opening / closing component and the second opening / closing component are communicatively connected to the data processing unit, which is further configured to: Calculate rainfall distribution information based on the aforementioned rainfall parameters; The opening and closing target and the target opening and closing component associated with the opening and closing target are determined based on the rainfall distribution information; the opening and closing target includes at least one of the rainwater hole and the hail hole; the target opening and closing component includes at least one of the first opening and closing component and the second opening and closing component; Send opening and closing commands to the opening and closing target and the target opening and closing component.

10. A test method for a tailings dam rainfall infiltration model under freeze-thaw cycles, characterized in that, Applied to the system according to any one of claims 1-9, the method comprises: Acquire meteorological data, including real-time meteorological data and historical meteorological data; The test condition control command is generated based on the meteorological data, and the test condition control command is sent to the target device so that the target device adjusts environmental parameters and / or controls rainfall in response to the test condition control command; wherein the test condition control command includes at least one of environmental control command and rainfall control command; the target device includes at least one of environmental control device and rainfall infiltration device; Receive monitoring data and acquire model parameters, wherein the monitoring data includes at least one of test time, moisture content, environmental parameters and test displacement; Test results are generated based on the monitoring data and the model parameters, and these results are used to evaluate the stability of the tailings dam.

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