High-efficiency composite intercropping method for pomegranate, dry rice and broad bean grains

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient composite intercropping method for pomegranate, dry rice and broad bean grain, which scientifically combines pomegranate (economic output), dry rice (grain output) and broad bean (partial economic output and biological nitrogen fixation and land cultivation), realizes functional complementation, and breaks through the single target limitation of the traditional intercropping mode. Through effective connection of crops for rotation of'broad bean sowing in winter and upland rice sowing in spring ', full utilization of light and heat resources and land in the orchard from winter to spring, summer and autumn in the next year is realized, and the multiple cropping index is remarkably improved; the pomegranate utilizes the upper-layer three-dimensional space, and the upland rice and the broad beans utilize the middle-lower-layer space, so that an efficient three-dimensional lighting structure and space combination are formed; the nitrogen fixation effect of the rhizobium of the broad beans can directly increase the nitrogen nutrition of the soil, the straw returning can increase the organic matters of the soil, and the built-in fertilizing mechanism of the orchard effectively relieves the consumption of the intercropping system on the soil fertility and ensures the sustainability of the mode.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and particularly relates to a pomegranate, upland rice and broad bean efficient compound intercropping method. BACKGROUND

[0003] The existing pomegranate orchard almost has no intercropping mode, and most of them are in idle growth of weeds. Even if there is intercropping of single crops (such as soybeans and potatoes), there are the following limitations: there is no pomegranate and grain crop intercropping mode: the row spacing of pomegranate is generally 4-6 meters, and 60-80 pomegranate plants are planted per mu. There is enough space in the pomegranate orchard to plant low crops and economic crops; the economic benefit is limited: the yield of single intercropping of legume crops is limited, and the total income per unit area is not enough to improve; soil nutrients are consumed in one direction: traditional intercropping cannot be systematically integrated into the soil, which may lead to a long-term decline in soil fertility; resource utilization is insufficient: only single season or single space level is used, and the utilization efficiency of annual light, heat and land resources still has room for improvement; poor mode stability: single intercropping of species, simple ecological system, and weak resistance. Therefore, the present application provides a pomegranate, upland rice and broad bean efficient compound intercropping method. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a pomegranate, upland rice and broad bean efficient compound intercropping method to solve the above problems.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application realizes the following technical scheme: a pomegranate, upland rice and broad bean efficient compound intercropping method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1, scientific configuration of varieties: set up broad bean planting belts and upland rice planting belts in the row spacing of pomegranate, and plant upland rice and broad beans, wherein the time sequence arrangement of "planting broad beans in winter and planting upland rice in spring" is adopted to form a year-round production mode;

[0007] Step 2, planting: after the pomegranate and upland rice are harvested in autumn, broad beans are planted; after the broad beans are harvested in spring of the next year, upland rice is planted in March-April;

[0008] Step 3, scientific fertilization management: combined with the soil preparation before upland rice is sown, biological bacteria organic fertilizer is applied; leaf fertilization is carried out according to the fertilizer requirement of pomegranate, upland rice and broad bean; pest control is carried out during the growth period, and weed control is recorded;

[0009] Step 4, harvesting: fresh broad beans (or mature dry beans) are harvested in spring 2-3 months, and upland rice and pomegranate are harvested in autumn.

[0010] Preferably, the pomegranate row spacing in step 1 is 4-6 meters, the pomegranate variety is Tunis soft seed pomegranate, the upland rice is Hanyang No. 1 or Hanyou 73 series, and the broad bean is Xichang Daba broad bean.

[0011] Preferably, the broad bean planting zone and the upland rice planting zone are 0.8-1.2 meters away from the trunk in step 1, forming a protection zone.

[0012] Preferably, step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:

[0013] Step 21, broad bean planting: after the pomegranate and upland rice are harvested in autumn, the row is ploughed, and the broad bean is sown by strip sowing or hole sowing in the planned broad bean planting zone during the period from cold dew to frost, with a row spacing of 30-40 cm and a plant spacing of 15-20 cm;

[0014] Step 22, upland rice planting: after the broad bean is harvested in the next spring, the planned upland rice planting zone is ploughed, and the upland rice is sown by strip sowing or hole sowing in March-April, with a row spacing of 25-30 cm and a plant spacing of 15-18 cm;

[0015] Step 23, stubble connection: in February-March, after the broad bean is harvested, the broad bean straw can be directly ploughed by a rotary cultivator and then returned to the field to provide high-quality green manure for the upland rice of the next season.

[0016] Preferably, in step 3, the biological bacteria organic fertilizer is applied at 500-600 kg per mu, and the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) is applied at 30-40 kg per mu.

[0017] Preferably, the foliar dressing in step 3 is specifically phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the tillering and booting stages of the upland rice, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, boron, zinc and molybdenum fertilizer in the flowering stage of the broad bean.

[0018] Preferably, the disease and pest control in step 3 gives priority to agricultural measures, physical measures and biological pesticides.

[0019] Preferably, the weed control in step 3 is specifically ecological and natural weed control by using the population coverage effect of the broad bean and the upland rice in the pomegranate row.

[0020] Preferably, in step 4, after the broad bean is harvested, the straw is crushed and returned to the field to increase the organic matter content of the pomegranate orchard and repair and improve the soil.

[0021] Beneficial effects

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. Constructed the "economic crops-food crops-land" ternary complex system: the pomegranate (economic output), upland rice (food output), broad bean (part of economic output + biological nitrogen fixation land) three scientific combination, realized the complementary function, broke through the single target limitation of traditional intercropping mode.

[0024] 2. Achieved efficient use of time and space: in time, through the effective connection of "winter sowing broad bean-spring sowing upland rice", the full use of light and heat resources and land from winter to next spring, summer and autumn in the orchard was realized, and the multiple cropping index was significantly improved; in space, pomegranate utilizes the upper three-dimensional space, upland rice and broad bean utilize the middle and lower space, forming an efficient three-dimensional light structure and space combination.

[0025] 3. Achieved true "combination of planting and breeding": the rhizobial nitrogen fixation of broad bean can directly increase soil nitrogen nutrition, and the straw returning can increase soil organic matter, and this built-in fertilization mechanism in the orchard effectively alleviates the consumption of land by intercropping system, and ensures the sustainability of the mode.

[0026] 4. Ecological and economic synergistic effect: crop diversity enhances system stability and reduces the occurrence of pomegranate orchard diseases and pests; at the same time, "one land three harvests" greatly improves the total economic benefit per unit land area, which is an efficient, ecological and sustainable modern agricultural development mode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Fig. 1 is the work flow chart of the present application;

[0028] Fig. 2 is the work flow chart of the present application;

[0029] Fig. 3 is the plane arrangement schematic diagram of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] Please refer to Figs. 1-3 , a pomegranate and upland rice, broad bean efficient compound intercropping method, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step 1, Variety priority scientific configuration: Set up a broad bean planting zone (broad bean is Xichang Daba broad bean) and a dry rice planting zone (dry rice is Hanyang No. 1 or Hanyou 73 series) in the pomegranate row (pomegranate row spacing is 4-6 meters, and the pomegranate variety is Tunis soft seed pomegranate), and plant dry rice and broad beans. Among them, the time sequence arrangement of "winter sowing broad beans and spring planting dry rice" is adopted to form a year-round production mode, and the broad bean planting zone and the dry rice planting zone are 0.8-1.2 meters away from the main trunk to form a protection zone;

[0033] Step 2, Planting: After the autumn pomegranate and dry rice are harvested, the land is prepared in the row, and broad beans are sown or sown in the planned broad bean planting zone during the period from cold dew to frost. The row spacing is 30-40 cm, and the plant spacing is 15-20 cm. After the broad beans are harvested in the spring of the next year, the land is prepared in the planned dry rice planting zone, and dry rice is sown by strip sowing or hole sowing in March-April. The row spacing is 25-30 cm, and the plant spacing is 15-18 cm. In February-March, after the broad beans are harvested, the broad bean straw can be directly rotavated by a rotavator and then returned to the field to provide high-quality green manure for the next season's dry rice, serving as a link between the stubble.

[0034] Step 3, Scientific fertilization management: In combination with the land preparation before dry rice sowing, biological bacteria organic fertilizer 500-600 kg and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) 30-40 kg per mu are applied. Leaf fertilization is carried out according to the fertilizer requirement of pomegranate, dry rice and broad beans. Specifically, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied during the tillering and booting stages of dry rice; phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, boron, zinc and molybdenum fertilizers are applied during the flowering stage of broad beans; and pest control is carried out during the growth period, giving priority to agricultural measures (reasonable crop rotation), physical measures (insecticidal lamps, yellow plates) and biological pesticides (such as Bacillus thuringiensis and sophoramine); and the control of weeds is recorded. Specifically, in the pomegranate row, the ecological natural weed control effect of broad bean and dry rice population coverage greatly reduces manual weeding.

[0035] Step 4, Harvesting: Fresh food broad beans (or mature dry beans) are harvested in spring from February to March, dry rice and pomegranates are harvested in autumn, and broad bean straw is crushed and returned to the field after harvesting to increase the organic matter content of the pomegranate orchard and repair and improve the soil.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] The scheme is implemented in a "Tunis soft seed pomegranate" orchard with more than 4 years of age in Huili County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The pomegranate row spacing is 4.5 meters, and the plant spacing is 2.5 meters.

[0038] 1. In November of the first year: After the pomegranate is harvested, the land is prepared in the row, and a planting area is divided 1 meter away from both sides of the pomegranate tree. Broad beans are sown in the area between the pomegranate rows, 4-6 rows, row spacing 40 cm, plant spacing 30 cm.

[0039] 2. The following year from February to March: Harvest fresh pods of broad beans, and cut the broad bean stalks with a rotary tiller and directly bury them in the ground as green manure to improve the soil.

[0040] 3. The following year in April: After harvesting broad beans, sow 6-8 rows of dry rice (Hanyang No. 1 or Hanyou 73) in the pomegranate rows with a row spacing of 25 cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm.

[0041] 4. The following year in September: Harvest dry rice and rotary till the land to prepare for winter sowing of broad beans.

[0042] 5. The following year in November, sow broad beans in the pomegranate rows during the cold dew and frost.

[0043] 6. Field management:

[0044] 61. Fertilization: Apply 8-10 kg of urea per mu during the tillering stage of dry rice (May) and 10-12 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during the booting stage (July);

[0045] 62. Irrigation: Irrigate 1-2 times during the booting stage of dry rice if it is dry;

[0046] 63. Green pest control: Use solar insecticidal lamps and sophoramine for green control throughout the process to effectively control the occurrence of pests.

[0047] 7. Harvest: In late September, dry rice is harvested when it is mature, with an actual yield of 350 kg per mu; in September-October, pomegranates are normally harvested; and in February-March, fresh broad bean pods are harvested, with a yield of about 400 kg per mu.

[0048] Effect comparison: Compared with the same area with only single soybeans intercropped (soybean yield per mu is 150 kg), this method has an additional yield of 350 kg of grain and 400 kg of broad beans (fresh pods) per mu under the premise of maintaining the yield of pomegranates, and the soil organic matter content is significantly improved after one year, with a decrease in weed occurrence rate of more than 80%.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] This scheme is implemented in a Tunisian soft-seeded pomegranate orchard in Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province, which has been planted for more than 4 years. The pomegranate row spacing is 4 meters, and the plant spacing is 2.5 meters.

[0051] 1. In November of the first year: After harvesting pomegranates, prepare the land in the rows, with a boundary of 1 meter from both sides of the pomegranate trees, and divide the planting area. Sow 5 rows of broad beans in the area between the pomegranate rows with a row spacing of 40 cm and a plant spacing of 30 cm.

[0052] 2. The following year in March: Harvest fresh pods of broad beans, and cut the broad bean stalks with a rotary tiller and directly bury them in the ground as green manure to improve the soil.

[0053] 3. In April of the next year, after the harvest of broad beans, dry rice of Hanyang No. 1 or "Hanyou 73" is sowed in the row of pomegranate with a row spacing of 25 cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm.

[0054] 4. In September of the next year, the dry rice is harvested, the land is rotary ploughed, and the broad beans are prepared for winter sowing.

[0055] 5. In November of the next year, the broad beans are sowed in the row of pomegranate at the time of cold dew and frost.

[0056] 6. Field management:

[0057] 61. Fertilization: 8 kg of urea per mu is applied at the tillering stage (May) of dry rice, and 10 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied at the booting stage (July);

[0058] 62. Irrigation: irrigation is performed twice at the booting stage of dry rice when drought occurs;

[0059] 63. Green control of diseases and pests: solar insecticidal lamp and sophoramine are used for green control throughout the whole process, which effectively prevents and controls the occurrence of diseases and pests on a large scale.

[0060] 7. Harvest: in late September, the dry rice is harvested when it is mature, and the actual yield is 330 kg of rice per mu; in September and October, the pomegranate is normally harvested; in February and March, the fresh pod of broad beans is harvested, and the yield is about 350 kg per mu.

[0061] Meanwhile, the contents not described in detail in the specification all belong to the prior art known by those skilled in the art.

[0062] It should be noted that, in the present text, relational terms such as first and second are used only to differentiate one entity or action from another entity or action, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "containing" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such a process, method, article or equipment.

[0063] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for efficient intercropping of pomegranate with upland rice and broad beans, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Prioritizing Scientific Variety Allocation: Broad bean planting belts and dryland rice planting belts are set up between pomegranate rows for planting dryland rice and broad beans. The planting sequence of "sowing broad beans in winter and planting dryland rice in spring" is adopted to form a year-round production model. Step 2, Planting: After the pomegranate and dryland rice are harvested in autumn, broad beans are planted; after the broad beans are harvested in the following spring, dryland rice is planted in March or April. Step 3, Scientific Fertilization Management: Apply bio-organic fertilizer in conjunction with land preparation before sowing upland rice; apply foliar fertilizer according to the fertilizer requirements of pomegranate, upland rice and broad bean respectively; carry out pest and disease control during the growth period and record weed control. Step 4, Harvesting: Fresh broad beans (or mature dried beans) are harvested in February and March in spring, and dryland rice and pomegranates are harvested in autumn.

2. The method for efficient intercropping of pomegranate with upland rice and broad bean according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the pomegranate orchard is spaced 4-6 meters apart, and the pomegranate variety is Tunisian soft-seed pomegranate; the dryland rice is Hanxiang No. 1 or Hanyou 73 series; and the broad beans are Xichang white broad beans.

3. The method for efficient intercropping of pomegranate with upland rice and broad bean according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the broad bean planting belt and the dryland rice planting belt are 0.8 to 1.2 meters away from the main trunk to form a protective belt.

4. The method for efficient intercropping of pomegranate with upland rice and broad bean according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 2 specifically includes the following steps: Step 21, Broad bean planting: After the autumn harvest of pomegranates and dry rice, prepare the land between the rows and sow broad beans in rows or holes in the planned broad bean planting zone from Cold Dew to Frost's Descent, with a row spacing of 30-40 cm and a plant spacing of 15-20 cm. Step 22, Dryland Rice Planting: After the broad bean harvest in the following spring, prepare the land in the planned dryland rice planting area, and sow dryland rice in March or April using row sowing or hole sowing methods, with a row spacing of 25-30 cm and a plant spacing of 15-18 cm. Step 23, Crop Rotation: In February and March, after the broad beans are harvested, the broad bean stalks can be directly returned to the field after being tilled by a rotary tiller, providing high-quality green manure for the next season's dryland rice.

5. The method for efficient intercropping of pomegranate with upland rice and broad bean according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the application of bio-organic fertilizer involves applying 500-600 kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 30-40 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) per mu.

6. The method for efficient intercropping of pomegranate with upland rice and broad bean according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foliar fertilization in step 3 specifically involves applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during the tillering and booting stages of dryland rice; and applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, as well as boron, zinc, and molybdenum fertilizer, during the flowering stage of broad beans.

7. A method for efficient intercropping of pomegranate with upland rice and broad bean according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the prevention and control of pests and diseases will prioritize agricultural measures, physical measures, and biological pesticides.

8. A method for efficient intercropping of pomegranate with upland rice and broad bean according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weed control in step 3 specifically involves using the collective cover effect of broad beans and upland rice between pomegranate rows to naturally suppress weeds.

9. A method for efficient intercropping of pomegranate with upland rice and broad bean according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, after the broad beans are harvested, their straw is crushed and returned to the field to increase the organic matter content of the pomegranate orchard and improve the soil.

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