Ecological planting method for replacing artemisia ordosica with shrubs in ordos region
By screening native shrubs of Ordos such as sea buckthorn, poplar, and tamarisk, and combining them with Artemisia argyi inhibitors and mixed grass species, the problems of targeted inhibition and insufficient ecological function in Artemisia argyi communities were solved, achieving stable ecological restoration results.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MENGCAO ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (GRP) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies lack targeted suppression methods in Artemisia annua communities in the Ordos region. Newly planted shrubs are at a disadvantage in competition with Artemisia annua, with low survival rates, slow growth, simple community structure, and incomplete restoration of ecological functions.
We selected native dominant shrubs of Ordos, such as sea buckthorn, poplar, and tamarisk, and used biodegradable nutrient bags for seedling cultivation. We also sprayed black sage inhibitors on black sage and combined this with the sowing of local grass species to construct a mixed plant community structure.
It achieved targeted inhibition of Artemisia annua, improved the survival rate and growth rate of shrubs, formed a stable mixed community, alleviated pollen allergy problems, reduced the risk of secondary desertification, and improved the efficiency of ecological restoration.
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Figure CN121844888B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration technology for desertified areas, specifically relating to an ecological establishment method for the targeted replacement of Artemisia argyi with shrubs in the Ordos region. Background Technology
[0002] Artemisia ordosica, a native dominant plant species in the Ordos region, plays a certain ecological role in windbreak, sand fixation, and soil and water conservation. However, recent studies have revealed significant ecological and livelihood problems in Artemisia ordosica communities: on the one hand, Artemisia ordosica releases large amounts of pollen during its flowering period, becoming a major allergen for seasonal allergic rhinitis in the region; on the other hand, the ecosystem service function of a single Artemisia ordosica community is significantly deficient, with its soil and water conservation capacity being only 30%-40% of that of a mixed shrub-grass community. Furthermore, the community structure is simple, its self-renewal capacity is weak, and it is highly susceptible to secondary desertification caused by natural disturbances or overgrazing.
[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, the field of ecological restoration has attempted to replace or transform Artemisia argyi communities by introducing other tree and shrub species. For example, in Yulin, Shaanxi Province, large-scale replacement plantings of trees such as Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica and Sabina vulgaris have been implemented, with vegetation renewal achieved through conventional planting pit excavation, seedling placement, and initial irrigation. However, this method generally suffers from low survival rates, slow growth, and poor stability, and the high water consumption of trees further exacerbates regional water shortages. In some areas of Ordos, aerial seeding is still used, where seeds of shrubs such as Salix psammophila and Caragana korshinskii are mixed with water-retaining agents and broadcast over large areas, relying on natural rainfall for germination and planting. However, aerial seeding technology is greatly affected by the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, resulting in significant fluctuations in germination rate (usually 20%-40%). Furthermore, it cannot achieve targeted suppression of Artemisia argyi, often leading to a situation where Artemisia argyi and newly sown shrubs compete with each other, making it difficult to achieve targeted transformation of the community.
[0004] The existing technology has the following main defects: (1) It lacks targeted suppression methods for Artemisia argyi. Newly planted shrubs are often at a disadvantage in competition with Artemisia argyi, and the replacement cycle is long and the effect is unstable; (2) The seedling cultivation method is extensive, the root system is poorly developed, and the tolerance to drought environment is poor after planting; (3) The selection and configuration of tree species lack scientific basis and the ecological niche complementarity and synergistic effect between different shrub species are not fully considered; (4) The community construction is limited to the planting of single trees and shrubs, and a three-dimensional community structure combining shrubs and grasses is not formed, and the ecological function is not fully restored.
[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an ecological planting method that can selectively suppress Artemisia argyi and achieve optimized reconstruction of native communities in the arid and semi-arid sandy areas of Ordos. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention provides an ecological establishment method for the targeted replacement of Artemisia argyi with shrubs in the Ordos region, comprising the following steps:
[0007] S1. Shrub Selection and Seedling Raising: Select native dominant shrubs of Ordos and raise seedlings in biodegradable nutrient bags to obtain bagged seedlings; the native dominant shrubs include a combination of sea buckthorn (Hippophaerhamnoides), poplar (Corethrodendron fruticosum), and sago palm (Corethrodendron scoparium); the mixed ratio of sea buckthorn, poplar, and sago palm is 3:3:4;
[0008] S2. Inhibitor application: Spray Artemisia annua inhibitor on the target area to inhibit the growth of Artemisia annua.
[0009] S3. Shrub directional planting: Plant the bagged seedlings in the target area after treatment with inhibitors;
[0010] S4. Community structure optimization: Sow local grass species in the gaps between the planted shrubs to construct a mixed plant community structure.
[0011] Furthermore, in step S1, the substrate composition for seedling cultivation is as follows: 40-60 parts peat, 20-40 parts well-rotted sheep manure, 15-25 parts local sand, and 0.3-0.7 parts water-retaining agent.
[0012] Furthermore, in step S1, the bagged seedlings need to be acclimatized in a greenhouse for at least one month before being transplanted, and the main root length of the seedlings needs to reach more than 25cm when they are transplanted.
[0013] Moreover, in step S2, the Artemisia annua inhibitor includes paclobutrazol and humic acid.
[0014] Moreover, the formulation of the Artemisia annua inhibitor is as follows: a mixture of 10% paclobutrazol wettable powder and 5% humic acid at a mass ratio of 2:1, diluted 1000-2000 times before application.
[0015] Furthermore, the application time for the Artemisia annua inhibitor is in April-May each year (before Artemisia annua enters its vigorous growth period) or in August-September each year (before seed setting); when spraying the Artemisia annua inhibitor, it should be sprayed evenly on the surface of the stems and leaves of Artemisia annua, until the leaves are moist but not dripping.
[0016] Furthermore, in step S3, when planting the bagged seedlings, the plant spacing is configured as 1.5m-2m×3m-4m.
[0017] Furthermore, in step S4, the local grass species includes at least one of Astragalus laxmannii and Achnatherum splendens; the sowing rate of the local grass species is 2-3 kg / mu.
[0018] Moreover, step S4 is performed in the spring of the second year after planting.
[0019] Moreover, the water-retaining agent is a polyacrylate water-retaining agent with a particle size of 60-80 mesh and a water absorption ratio of 300-500 times.
[0020] On the other hand, the present invention provides an application of an ecological planting method in the ecological restoration of the arid and semi-arid sandy areas of Ordos.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0022] 1. This invention achieves targeted inhibition of Artemisia annua by screening dominant native shrubs of Ordos, including Hippophae rhamnoides, Populus euphratica, and Caragana korshinskii, and optimizing the mixing ratio to 3:3:4. Combined with the application of Artemisia annua inhibitors, the invention achieves targeted inhibition of Artemisia annua. Three years of field trials show that after using the method of this invention, the height, cover, and density of Artemisia annua all decreased significantly without rebound fluctuations. The stability and persistence of the inhibition effect are significant. The reduction of Artemisia annua population effectively reduces regional pollen release, alleviating the pollen allergy problem from the source. At the same time, the ecological risks of single Artemisia annua communities are effectively controlled, and the risk of secondary desertification is greatly reduced.
[0023] 2. This invention comprehensively utilizes specialized seedling substrates, biodegradable nutrient bags, and greenhouse acclimatization techniques, ensuring seedling nutrition while enhancing root adaptability to arid environments. Biodegradable nutrient bags prevent root damage during transplanting, and greenhouse acclimatization for over one month ensures a taproot length of at least 25cm upon transplanting. Field observations show that the three target shrubs—sea buckthorn, poplar, and *Caragana korshinskii*—all exhibited continuous growth, with significantly higher survival rates and growth rates than traditional bare-root seedlings or aerial seeding methods, resulting in a substantial increase in planting efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 The height variations of different plant species;
[0025] Figure 2 The changes in canopy cover of different plant species from 2021 to 2023;
[0026] Figure 3 The density changes of different plant species from 2021 to 2023;
[0027] Figure 4 The effect of mixing three shrubs at different ratios on the height inhibition of Artemisia annua;
[0028] Figure 5 The annual variation of Artemisia capillaris cover under different shrub mixing ratios;
[0029] Figure 6 The effect of the mixed ratio of three shrubs on the inhibition of Artemisia annua density;
[0030] Figure 7 This is a comparison between the results before the experiment in 2021 and the results after the experiment in 2023. Detailed Implementation
[0031] Example 1
[0032] An ecological establishment method for directional replacement of Artemisia argyi with shrubs in the Ordos region includes the following steps:
[0033] S1. Shrub selection and seedling cultivation: Select native dominant shrubs of Ordos, and cultivate seedlings in biodegradable nutrient bags to obtain bagged seedlings; the native dominant shrubs include a combination of sea buckthorn, poplar, and caragana; the mixed ratio of sea buckthorn, poplar, and caragana is 3:3:4.
[0034] S2. Inhibitor application: Spray Artemisia annua inhibitor on the target area to inhibit the growth of Artemisia annua.
[0035] S3. Shrub directional planting: Plant the bagged seedlings in the target area after treatment with inhibitors;
[0036] S4. Community structure optimization: Sow local grass species in the gaps between the planted shrubs to construct a mixed plant community structure.
[0037] Preferably, in step S1, the substrate composition for seedling cultivation is as follows: 40 parts peat, 20 parts well-rotted sheep manure, 15 parts local sand, and 0.3 parts water-retaining agent.
[0038] Preferably, in step S1, the bagged seedlings need to be acclimatized in a greenhouse for at least one month before being transplanted, and the main root length of the seedlings needs to reach more than 25cm when they are transplanted.
[0039] Preferably, in step S2, the Artemisia annua inhibitor includes paclobutrazol and humic acid.
[0040] Preferably, the formulation of the Artemisia annua inhibitor is as follows: a mixture of 10% paclobutrazol wettable powder and 5% humic acid at a mass ratio of 2:1, diluted 1000 times, and then applied.
[0041] Preferably, the application time for the Artemisia annua inhibitor is April each year (before Artemisia annua enters its vigorous growth period); when spraying the Artemisia annua inhibitor, it should be sprayed evenly on the surface of the stems and leaves of Artemisia annua, until the leaves are moist but not dripping.
[0042] Preferably, in step S3, when planting the bagged seedlings, the plant spacing is configured as 1.5m × 3m.
[0043] Preferably, in step S4, the local grass species includes at least one of alfalfa and reed; the sowing rate of the local grass species is 2 kg / mu.
[0044] Preferably, step S4 is performed in the spring of the second year after planting.
[0045] Preferably, the water-retaining agent is a polyacrylate water-retaining agent.
[0046] Example 2
[0047] An ecological establishment method for directional replacement of Artemisia argyi with shrubs in the Ordos region includes the following steps:
[0048] S1. Shrub selection and seedling cultivation: Select native dominant shrubs of Ordos, and cultivate seedlings in biodegradable nutrient bags to obtain bagged seedlings; the native dominant shrubs include a combination of sea buckthorn, poplar, and caragana; the mixed ratio of sea buckthorn, poplar, and caragana is 3:3:4.
[0049] S2. Inhibitor application: Spray Artemisia annua inhibitor on the target area to inhibit the growth of Artemisia annua.
[0050] S3. Shrub directional planting: Plant the bagged seedlings in the target area after treatment with inhibitors;
[0051] S4. Community structure optimization: Sow local grass species in the gaps between the planted shrubs to construct a mixed plant community structure.
[0052] Preferably, in step S1, the substrate composition for seedling cultivation is as follows: 60 parts peat, 40 parts well-rotted sheep manure, 25 parts local sand, and 0.7 parts water-retaining agent.
[0053] Preferably, in step S1, the bagged seedlings need to be acclimatized in a greenhouse for at least one month before being transplanted, and the main root length of the seedlings needs to reach more than 25cm when they are transplanted.
[0054] Preferably, in step S2, the Artemisia annua inhibitor includes paclobutrazol and humic acid.
[0055] Preferably, the formulation of the Artemisia annua inhibitor is as follows: a mixture of 10% paclobutrazol wettable powder and 5% humic acid at a mass ratio of 2:1, diluted 2000 times before application.
[0056] Preferably, the application time for the Artemisia annua inhibitor is May each year (before Artemisia annua enters its vigorous growth period); when spraying the Artemisia annua inhibitor, it should be sprayed evenly on the surface of the stems and leaves of Artemisia annua, until the leaves are moist but not dripping.
[0057] Preferably, in step S3, when planting the bagged seedlings, the plant spacing is configured as 2m × 4m.
[0058] Preferably, in step S4, the local grass species includes at least one of alfalfa and reed; the sowing rate of the local grass species is 3 kg / mu.
[0059] Preferably, step S4 is performed in the spring of the second year after planting.
[0060] Preferably, the water-retaining agent is a polyacrylate water-retaining agent.
[0061] Example 3
[0062] An ecological establishment method for directional replacement of Artemisia argyi with shrubs in the Ordos region includes the following steps:
[0063] S1. Shrub selection and seedling cultivation: Select native dominant shrubs of Ordos, and cultivate seedlings in biodegradable nutrient bags to obtain bagged seedlings; the native dominant shrubs include a combination of sea buckthorn, poplar, and caragana; the mixed ratio of sea buckthorn, poplar, and caragana is 3:3:4.
[0064] S2. Inhibitor application: Spray Artemisia annua inhibitor on the target area to inhibit the growth of Artemisia annua.
[0065] S3. Shrub directional planting: Plant the bagged seedlings in the target area after treatment with inhibitors;
[0066] S4. Community structure optimization: Sow local grass species in the gaps between the planted shrubs to construct a mixed plant community structure.
[0067] Preferably, in step S1, the substrate used for seedling cultivation includes, by weight percentage: 50 parts peat, 30 parts well-rotted sheep manure, 20 parts local sand, and 0.5 parts water-retaining agent.
[0068] Preferably, in step S1, the bagged seedlings need to be acclimatized in a greenhouse for at least one month before being transplanted, and the main root length of the seedlings needs to reach more than 25cm when they are transplanted.
[0069] Preferably, in step S2, the Artemisia annua inhibitor includes paclobutrazol and humic acid.
[0070] Preferably, the formulation of the Artemisia annua inhibitor is as follows: a mixture of 10% paclobutrazol wettable powder and 5% humic acid at a mass ratio of 2:1, diluted 1500 times, and then applied.
[0071] Preferably, the application time for the Artemisia annua inhibitor is August each year (before seed setting); when spraying the Artemisia annua inhibitor, it should be sprayed evenly on the surface of the stems and leaves of Artemisia annua, until the leaves are moist but not dripping.
[0072] Preferably, in step S3, when planting the bagged seedlings, the plant spacing is configured as 2m × 3m.
[0073] Preferably, in step S4, the local grass species includes at least one of alfalfa and reed; the sowing rate of the local grass species is 2-3 kg / mu.
[0074] Preferably, step S4 is performed in the spring of the second year after planting.
[0075] Preferably, the water-retaining agent is a polyacrylate water-retaining agent.
[0076] Experimental Section
[0077] 1. Experimental Design
[0078] To verify the feasibility and superiority of the technical solution of this invention, the project team established a field experimental plot in Uxin Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia from 2021 to 2023. The experimental site is a typical arid and semi-arid sandy area with an average annual precipitation of 350-400 mm, high evaporation, frequent wind and sand activity, and native vegetation mainly consisting of Artemisia selengensis communities.
[0079] The experiment consisted of three treatment groups, each using a different ratio of shrub mixes, as detailed below:
[0080] Treatment group 1 (Example 3 of the present invention): Sea buckthorn, poplar, and tamarisk are mixed in a ratio of 3:3:4;
[0081] Treatment Group 2 (Comparative Example 1): Sea buckthorn, poplar, and tamarisk were mixed in a ratio of 2:2:6;
[0082] Treatment group 3 (comparative example 2): Sea buckthorn, poplar, and tamarisk were mixed in a ratio of 3:4:3.
[0083] The seedling substrate, inhibitor application, planting method, and grass seed sowing steps for each treatment group were consistent with the method described in Example 3 of this invention. Three replicate plots were set up for each treatment group, with each plot measuring 20m × 20m, and a 10m wide protective row was set between the plots. The experimental period was 3 years (spring of 2021 to autumn of 2023), and the height, canopy, density, and other growth indicators of the plants in the plots were observed and recorded at the same time each year.
[0084] Two groups were set up for each of the above treatment groups. One group was used to compare all plants in the monitoring unit, and the other group was used to compare the changes of Artemisia argyi under different reseeding ratios.
[0085] 2. Observation Indicators and Methods
[0086] Height: Three fixed quadrats (5m×5m) were randomly selected from each plot to measure the natural height of Artemisia argyi, Hippophae rhamnoides, Populus euphratica, Caragana korshinskii and other herbaceous plants. At least 10 plants of each species were measured and the average value was taken.
[0087] Coverage: Using the transect method, two transects are set along the diagonal of each quadrat, and the ratio of the vegetation projection length to the total length of the transects is recorded to calculate the vegetation coverage.
[0088] Density: The number of plants of each species is counted in each quadrat and converted into the number of plants per unit area (plants / 100m²).
[0089] Observation period: Data collection is conducted in late August each year during the peak plant growth period.
[0090] 3. Test Results
[0091] Figure 1 The height changes of different plant species are shown (others represent native weeds). From 2021 to 2023, the vegetation height showed a clear trend of increase and decrease. In the early stages of planting in 2021, *Artemisia argyi*, as the original dominant species, was significantly taller than other plants. As time went on, the target shrubs grew rapidly, and by 2023, *Hippophae rhamnoides*, *Populus euphratica*, and *Caragana korshinskii* had grown significantly, while the height of *Artemisia argyi* continued to decrease, and other native weeds were not significantly affected. The successful establishment of the target shrubs had a significant competitive inhibition effect on *Artemisia argyi*, and the dominant species in the community is gradually being replaced.
[0092] Figure 2 This data shows the changes in cover of different plant species from 2021 to 2023. As the original dominant species, *Artemisia argyi* maintained a relatively high cover level throughout the three years, but showed a continuous downward trend, declining year by year from its peak in 2021. Meanwhile, the cover of target shrubs *Populus tomentosa*, *Hippophae rhamnoides*, and *Caragana korshinskii* steadily increased, and other native weeds also reached their highest cover in 2023. This indicates that while suppressing *Artemisia argyi*, target shrubs and herbaceous plants gradually filled ecological niches, and community cover was effectively restored.
[0093] Figure 3 The data shows the density changes of different plant species from 2021 to 2023. Overall, the density of various plant species showed a fluctuating adjustment trend. The density of other plant species (native weeds) reached a peak of 23 in 2021 and then declined year by year. The density of sea buckthorn and poplar showed no significant changes, while the density of *Caragana korshinskii* showed a significant upward trend. The density of *Artemisia argyi* showed an overall downward trend. The total average density of vegetation showed a slight downward trend, which is consistent with the law of ecological succession. As the target shrubs gradually became the dominant species, the community structure tended to be stable. Low-growing annual weeds were gradually replaced. Although the number of plants per unit area decreased slightly, the quality and stability of the community were significantly improved.
[0094] Figure 4 The effects of three shrub mix ratios on the height inhibition of Artemisia annua were compared. Data showed that at the initial planting stage in 2021, treatment group 3 had the highest Artemisia annua height at 12.4 cm, followed by treatment group 1 at 11.8 cm, and treatment group 2 had the lowest at 11.3 cm. After three years of growth competition, by 2023, the height of Artemisia annua in treatment group 1 had decreased to 7.2 cm; in treatment group 2 to 5.4 cm; and in treatment group 3 to 5.8 cm. Although treatment group 2 ultimately had the lowest height, it showed an upward trend between 2021 and 2022, indicating unstable effects. Treatments 1 and 3 showed good results. Further analysis of previous data on cover and density confirmed that treatment group 1 demonstrated the most balanced performance in terms of inhibition effect, community stability, and synergistic growth of the target shrubs.
[0095] Figure 5 The figure shows the annual changes in *Artemisia annua* cover under different shrub mix ratios. As can be seen from the figure, after reaching a peak in 2021, the *Artemisia annua* cover in all three treatment groups showed a significant downward trend, indicating that the planting of the target shrubs effectively inhibited the lateral expansion of *Artemisia annua*. Specifically, the *Artemisia annua* cover in treatment group 1 decreased from 10.4% in 2021 to 7% in 2023, showing a continuous and stable decline over three years without any rebound; the cover in treatment group 2 decreased sharply from 11.2% in 2021 to 6.5% in 2022, but slightly rebounded to 7.4% in 2023; treatment group 3 also showed a decline followed by a rebound. In summary, all three mixes effectively reduced the *Artemisia annua* cover, with treatment group 1 (3:3:4) showing the most stable and sustained downward trend.
[0096] Figure 6The inhibitory effects of three shrub mixture ratios on the density of Artemisia annua were compared. As shown in the figure, the density of Artemisia annua in treatment group 3 reached a peak of 14.2 in 2021, the highest in the three years, and then decreased year by year, reaching 12.0 in 2023, but showed an increasing trend during 2022-2023. In treatment group 2, the density decreased from 13.0 in 2021 to 10.2 in 2022, but rebounded sharply to 11.7 in 2023, showing a fluctuating trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The density of treatment group 1 decreased steadily from 13.2 in 2021 to 11.6 in 2023, with a steady downward trend and no rebound fluctuations.
[0097] In summary, all three ratios had a certain inhibitory effect on the density of Artemisia annua, but treatment group 1 (3:3:4) showed the best performance in terms of the stability and persistence of the inhibitory effect, and could effectively control the expansion and rebound of Artemisia annua population; although treatment group 2 showed a significant short-term decrease, it rebounded in the later stage; the absolute density of treatment group 3 remained at a high level. Figure 7 The figure shows a comparison between the experiment before 2021 and the experiment after 2023. As can be seen from the figure, the method of this invention has a significant effect on the restoration of sandy land.
Claims
1. An ecological planting method for replacing Artemisia ordosica with shrubs in Ordos region, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Shrub selection and seedling cultivation: Select native dominant shrubs of Ordos, and cultivate seedlings in biodegradable nutrient bags to obtain bagged seedlings; the native dominant shrubs include a combination of sea buckthorn, poplar, and caragana; the mixed ratio of sea buckthorn, poplar, and caragana is 3:3:
4. S2. Inhibitor Application: Spray the target area with an inhibitor to suppress the growth of Artemisia annua; the length should reach more than 25cm; the inhibitor includes paclobutrazol and humic acid; mix 10% paclobutrazol wettable powder and 5% humic acid at a mass ratio of 2:1, dilute 1000-2000 times and then apply; the application time for the inhibitor is in spring (April-May) or autumn (August-September) each year. S3. Shrub directional planting: Plant the bagged seedlings in the target area after treatment with inhibitors; S4. Community structure optimization: Sow local grass species in the gaps between the planted shrubs to construct a mixed plant community structure.
2. The ecological construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the substrate composition for seedling cultivation is as follows: 40-60 parts peat, 20-40 parts well-rotted sheep manure, 15-25 parts local sand, and 0.3-0.7 parts water-retaining agent.
3. The ecological planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the bagged seedlings need to be acclimatized in a greenhouse for at least one month before being transplanted, and the main root length of the seedlings needs to reach more than 25cm when they are transplanted.
4. The ecological planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, when spraying the Artemisia argyi inhibitor, it is sprayed evenly on the surface of the stems and leaves of Artemisia argyi, until the leaves are moist but not dripping.
5. The ecological planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, when planting the bagged seedlings, the plant spacing is configured as 1.5m-2m×3m-4m.
6. The ecological planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the local grass species includes at least one of alfalfa and reed; the sowing rate of the local grass species is 2-3 kg / mu.
7. The ecological planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 is performed in the spring of the second year after planting.
8. An application of the ecological planting method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 in the ecological restoration of the arid and semi-arid sandy areas of Ordos.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
CN121369420A