Formula for treating fish nocardia disease and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a formula for treating fish nocardia disease and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of aquaculture disease control, the formula contains five traditional Chinese medicine particles of cortex phellodendri, coptis chinensis, scutellaria baicalensis, mangnolia officinalis and liquorice, the total amount is 100g, the formula is matched with 20kg of feed, and the formula has strict requirements on particle size, content of effective components, purity and the like, and is suitable for large-scale production. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material weighing and pretreatment, traditional Chinese medicine extraction and concentration, feed liquid mixing, medicinal bait low-temperature drying, finished product packaging and storage and the like, operation parameters of each step are specified in detail, and the effectiveness and stability of the formula are ensured; through a traditional Chinese medicine synergistic formula and strict quality control, fish nocardia disease is treated, the formula is complementary and synergistic, immunity is adjusted, chemical residues are avoided, green breeding is adapted, the preparation process is finely controlled, product consistency is ensured, the recovery rate of effective components is increased, the large-scale production requirement is met, disease loss is reduced, and the negative influence on the environment is reduced; and sustainable development of aquaculture is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquaculture disease prevention and control technology, specifically to a formula for treating nocardiosis in fish and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Aquaculture, as an important component of agriculture, plays a crucial role in ensuring the supply of aquatic products and promoting industrial economic development. With the continuous expansion of aquaculture scale and the sustained increase in stocking density, fish diseases have become increasingly prominent. Nocardiosis is one of the most serious and common diseases, characterized by its high infectivity and wide range of incidence. Infected fish are affected, leading to stunted growth, decreased appetite, and in severe cases, large-scale mortality, causing huge economic losses to fish farmers and hindering the healthy development of the aquaculture industry. Currently, the industry mainly relies on drug treatment for the prevention and control of nocardiosis in fish. Chemical drugs were once widely used due to their rapid onset of action, but with increasing attention to food safety and the ecological environment, the potential risks of chemical drugs are gradually becoming apparent. Natural, safe, and environmentally friendly treatment solutions have become a key focus of industry research and development. Traditional Chinese medicine, with its advantages of being mild, having low residue, and being less likely to induce drug resistance, has attracted widespread attention for its application prospects in the field of aquatic disease prevention and control.

[0003] Traditional treatments for nocardiosis in fish have many limitations and cannot meet the high-quality development needs of modern aquaculture. In terms of chemical drug treatment, long-term use can easily lead to drug residues in fish, affecting the quality and safety of aquatic products. These residues can also enter the aquaculture environment, disrupting the aquatic ecological balance and potentially causing drug resistance in Nocardia, leading to a continuous decline in the effectiveness of subsequent treatments. Traditional Chinese medicine treatments also have significant shortcomings. The formulation lacks systematic scientific validation, and the synergistic effects of the components are not fully realized. There is a lack of unified standards for the quality control of Chinese herbal raw materials, resulting in large fluctuations in the content of effective components and making it difficult to guarantee the stability of treatment effects. The preparation process is relatively crude, with simple extraction methods leading to insufficient release of effective components and poor mixing with feed, resulting in uneven drug intake by fish. Furthermore, the lack of standardized storage conditions can easily cause the degradation of effective components in Chinese herbal medicines, further affecting efficacy. These problems make it difficult for traditional Chinese medicine preparations to achieve ideal prevention and treatment effects in practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a formula and preparation method for treating nocardiosis in fish. This method uses five traditional Chinese medicines, including Phellodendron bark and Coptis chinensis, in a scientific ratio and specifies parameters such as particle size and purity. The medicated feed is prepared through steps such as raw material pretreatment, extraction and concentration of traditional Chinese medicines, mixing with feed, and low-temperature drying. This method has a high content of effective ingredients and good stability, which can significantly improve the cure rate of nocardiosis in fish. It is also environmentally friendly and leaves no residue, providing a safe and efficient treatment method for aquaculture, which is in line with the trend of green aquaculture development.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: On the one hand, a formula for treating nocardiosis in fish is composed of the following weights of traditional Chinese medicine granules: 35g of Phellodendron bark, 25g of Coptis chinensis, 20g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 10g of Magnolia officinalis, and 10g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, totaling 100g, suitable for 20kg of aquatic feed.

[0006] Furthermore, the particle size of the aforementioned Phellodendron bark granules, Coptis chinensis granules, Scutellaria baicalensis granules, Magnolia officinalis granules, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis granules is 20-40 mesh, and the particle uniformity is ≥95% when tested by a standard sieve.

[0007] Furthermore, the effective component content of the traditional Chinese medicine granule preparation was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography: berberine content in Phellodendron bark ≥3.0%, berberine content in Coptis chinensis ≥5.5%, baicalin content in Scutellaria baicalensis ≥9.0%, total amount of magnolol and honokiol in Magnolia officinalis ≥2.0%, and glycyrrhizic acid content in Glycyrrhiza uralensis ≥2.0%. The chromatographic column used for detection was a C18 column, and the column temperature was 30℃.

[0008] Furthermore, the purity requirements for the Chinese herbal granule preparation are: no mold, no odor, and the content of visible impurities is ≤0.5%. After screening through a 40-mesh standard sieve, the weight of residual impurities on the sieve is ≤0.1g. The storage conditions for the Chinese herbal granule preparation are: sealed packaging, placed in an environment with a temperature of 15-25℃ and a relative humidity of ≤60%, and the content decay rate of effective ingredients during the storage period is ≤5%.

[0009] On the other hand, a method for preparing a formula for treating nocardiosis in fish, the method comprising the following steps:

[0010] S100. Raw material weighing and pretreatment: In a clean operating room, use an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.1g to weigh each of the Chinese herbal granule preparations described in claim 1, put them together into a clean and dry 500mL beaker, stir and mix evenly with a sterile glass rod, and remove lumps, sand, and fibrous impurities by screening through a 40-mesh standard metal sieve. After collecting the mixed Chinese herbal granule preparations that pass through the sieve, cover and set aside for later use.

[0011] S200, Traditional Chinese Medicine Extraction and Concentration: Add deionized water to the mixed traditional Chinese medicine granule preparation, stir to fully wet the raw materials, place in a constant temperature water bath for heating and extraction, cool to room temperature after extraction, filter through multiple layers of gauze for the first time, add deionized water again to the residue and repeat the extraction and filtration steps, combine the two filtrates and filter through double-layer quantitative filter paper until clear, transfer the clear filtrate to a concentration device and concentrate at low temperature and pressure to 100mL to obtain compound traditional Chinese medicine concentrate;

[0012] S300. Mixing feed and medicine: Take 20kg of floating pelleted compound feed and put it into a feed mixer. Stir to make the feed loose and uniform. Then spray the compound Chinese medicine concentrate evenly onto the feed being stirred. Continue stirring until the medicine is fully absorbed and mixed with the feed pellets.

[0013] S400, Low-temperature drying of medicated bait: Spread the mixed medicated bait evenly on a drying tray, place it in a low-temperature drying oven for drying, and turn the medicated bait over periodically during the process. After drying, take it out and cool it to room temperature in a clean environment.

[0014] S500. Finished Product Packaging and Storage: After cooling, the medicated bait is dispensed into sterilized packaging containers, sealed immediately, and labeled. The sealed finished product is then stored in the specified environment.

[0015] Furthermore, the environmental parameters of the clean operating room are: temperature 22±1℃, relative humidity 50±5%. The operating room must be disinfected with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes before use. The distance between the ultraviolet lamp and the operating table is ≤30cm, and the ultraviolet intensity is ≥30μW / cm². The electronic balance is calibrated within 24 hours before weighing. The error of weighing a 100g standard weight is ≤±0.05g. Each raw material is weighed independently 3 times, and the average value is taken as the final weighing result. After weighing, the mixing speed of the raw materials is 60 times / minute, and the mixture is continuously stirred in the same direction for 3 minutes with a sterile glass rod.

[0016] Furthermore, the mass-to-volume ratio of the mixed Chinese herbal medicine granules to the first added deionized water is 1:10. The heating temperature of the constant temperature water bath is 100℃, and the extraction is carried out at a slight boil for 30 minutes. During this period, the mixture is stirred once every 5 minutes with a sterile glass rod for 10 seconds each time. The volume of deionized water added during the second extraction is 500mL, and the extraction conditions are the same as those for the first extraction.

[0017] Furthermore, the concentration equipment is a rotary evaporator, and the concentration parameters are set as follows: temperature 60℃, vacuum degree 0.06-0.08MPa, stirring speed 50r / min. The volume of the filtrate is recorded every 10 minutes during the concentration process. Concentration is stopped when the volume reaches 100mL±2mL. The compound Chinese medicine concentrate is sealed and stored in an environment of 4-8℃, and the standby time shall not exceed 12 hours.

[0018] Furthermore, the floating pelleted feed has a particle size of 2-4 mm, a crude protein content of ≥40%, and a moisture content of ≤10%; the feed mixer has a volume of 50 L, a rotation speed of 100 r / min, a feed pretreatment mixing time of 5 minutes, and the medicine is sprayed in 3-4 times with a 2-minute interval between sprays. After spraying, the mixture is continuously stirred for 15-20 minutes. The uniformity of mixing is tested by the five-point sampling method, and the coefficient of variation of the effective ingredient content is ≤5%.

[0019] Furthermore, the medicated bait is spread to a thickness of 1.5-2.0 cm on the drying tray, and the weight of a single tray of medicated bait does not exceed 5 kg; it is placed in a low-temperature drying oven at 45℃ for 2-3 hours, with a temperature control accuracy of ±2℃. During the drying process, the medicated bait is turned over once every 30 minutes with a sterile glass rod. After drying, the average moisture content of the medicated bait is tested by a rapid moisture analyzer, and the average moisture content of the medicated bait is ≤12%. After cooling, the temperature difference between the medicated bait and room temperature is ≤2℃.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, this formulation for treating nocardiosis in fish and its preparation method have the following beneficial effects:

[0021] I. This invention constructs a therapeutic formula using multiple synergistic Chinese herbal ingredients, combined with strict quality control standards to ensure the quality of the preparation. This achieves targeted treatment for nocardiosis in fish. The various Chinese herbal ingredients in the formula complement and enhance each other, exerting their individual antibacterial effects while synergistically regulating the fish's immune function, thereby improving the condition. At the same time, the Chinese herbal preparation is natural and mild, avoiding the residual risks that chemical drugs may bring, and is suitable for the green development needs of aquaculture. Through strict control of the purity and content of effective ingredients in the preparation, as well as the setting of scientific storage conditions, the formula is ensured to maintain stable efficacy before use. Combined with the precise matching ratio with aquatic feed, fish can efficiently ingest effective ingredients during normal feeding, solving the problem of poor drug absorption in traditional treatment methods. This provides a safe and reliable solution for the prevention and control of nocardiosis in fish, helping to reduce disease losses in the aquaculture process.

[0022] II. This invention establishes a standardized and rigorous preparation process, implementing meticulous control over every step from raw material processing to finished product storage to ensure consistent and stable product quality. The raw material processing stage strictly controls the operating environment, creating favorable conditions for subsequent extraction of active ingredients. The extraction process employs scientific methods to fully release the active ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicine, with multiple extraction steps further improving the recovery rate of active ingredients and avoiding resource waste. Subsequent steps such as concentration, mixing, and drying all follow reasonable principles, ensuring that active ingredients are not lost while facilitating fish consumption and long-term storage. The entire preparation method is highly operable, meeting the needs of large-scale production, providing standardized disease prevention products for aquaculture enterprises, reducing economic losses caused by diseases, reducing reliance on chemical control methods, minimizing negative impacts on the ecological environment, improving the overall efficiency of aquaculture, and providing practical and reliable technical support for disease prevention and control in the industry.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 A framework diagram of a formulation for treating nocardiosis in fish and its preparation method;

[0026] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a formulation for treating nocardiosis in fish and its preparation method;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a simplified diagram of step S200 of the present invention, the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine extraction and concentration. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] Raw material preparation

[0031] Selected raw materials of Chinese medicinal herbs, including Phellodendron bark, Coptis root, Scutellaria root, Magnolia bark, and Licorice root, were pulverized and sieved to produce granules. Particle size was measured using standard sieves to ensure that the particle sizes of the Phellodendron bark, Coptis root, Scutellaria root, Magnolia bark, and Licorice root granules were within the specified range and that the particle uniformity met the requirements. Figure 1 As shown.

[0032] The content of active ingredients in various traditional Chinese medicine granule preparations was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A C18 column was used, and the column temperature was controlled at the set temperature. Sample processing, injection, and detection were performed according to standard HPLC procedures. Ultimately, the contents of berberine in Phellodendron bark, berberine in Coptis chinensis, baicalin in Scutellaria baicalensis, magnolol and total magnolol in Magnolia officinalis, and glycyrrhizic acid in Glycyrrhiza uralensis all met the prescribed standards.

[0033] The purity of each Chinese herbal medicine granule preparation was checked. Visual inspection confirmed the absence of mold and off-odors. The content of visible impurities was measured by weighing to ensure it did not exceed the prescribed limits. Each granule preparation was then sieved through a 40-mesh standard sieve, and the weight of residual impurities on the sieve was weighed to ensure compliance with requirements. The qualified granule preparations were sealed and stored in an environment with a temperature of 15-25℃ and a relative humidity of ≤60% for later use. Regular sampling was conducted during storage to ensure that the attenuation rate of the active ingredient content did not exceed the prescribed standards.

[0034] Formulation preparation

[0035] S100. Raw Material Weighing and Pretreatment: Prepare the clean operating room in advance, adjusting the temperature to 22±1℃ and the relative humidity to 50±5%. Before use, turn on the ultraviolet lamp for sterilization, ensuring the ultraviolet lamp is no more than 30cm away from the operating table and the ultraviolet intensity is ≥30μW / cm², for 30 minutes. Select an electronic balance that has been calibrated within 24 hours before weighing, with an error of ≤±0.05g when weighing a 100g standard weight. Use this electronic balance to weigh the Chinese herbal medicine granules of Phellodendron bark, Coptis chinensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Magnolia officinalis, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Weigh each raw material independently three times, and take the average of the three weighing results as the final weighing result, ensuring that the weighing yields 35g of Phellodendron bark, 25g of Coptis chinensis, 20g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 10g of Magnolia officinalis, and 10g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Place all weighed Chinese herbal granules into a clean, dry 500mL beaker. Stir continuously in the same direction for 3 minutes using a sterile glass rod at a stirring speed of 60 times / minute to ensure thorough mixing. Then, sieve the mixed Chinese herbal granules through a 40-mesh standard metal sieve to remove lumps, sand, and fibrous impurities. Collect the sieved mixture, cover, and set aside. This process prevents impurities from affecting subsequent efficacy and product quality.

[0036] S200. Extraction and Concentration of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Add deionized water to the mixed traditional Chinese medicine granule preparation. The mass-to-volume ratio of the mixed traditional Chinese medicine granules to the initially added deionized water is 1:10. Stir with a sterile glass rod to fully wet the raw materials, ensuring that each granule is in contact with water. Place the beaker in a constant temperature water bath and heat to 100℃, maintaining a gentle boil for 30 minutes. During this time, stir with a sterile glass rod every 5 minutes for 10 seconds each time. This operation promotes the full release of active ingredients into the water. After extraction, remove the beaker and cool to room temperature. Filter the mixture through multiple layers of gauze to separate the filtrate from the residue. Add 500mL of deionized water to the residue again and repeat the extraction and filtration steps under the conditions of the first extraction. The second extraction further extracts the residual active ingredients from the residue, improving the utilization rate of the raw materials. Combine the filtrates obtained from the two filtrations and filter the combined filtrate through double-layer quantitative filter paper until clear, removing fine impurities and ensuring the purity of the filtrate. The clarified filtrate was transferred to a rotary evaporator, and the concentration parameters were set as follows: temperature 60℃, vacuum degree 0.06-0.08MPa, and stirring speed 50r / min. Low-temperature reduced-pressure concentration was performed, recording the filtrate volume every 10 minutes. Concentration was stopped when the volume reached 100mL±2mL, yielding the compound traditional Chinese medicine concentrate. The compound traditional Chinese medicine concentrate was sealed and stored at 4-8℃ for no more than 12 hours to prevent loss or deterioration of the active ingredients. Figure 3 As shown.

[0037] S300. Feed and Medication Mixing: Select a floating pelleted compound feed with a crude protein content ≥40% and a moisture content ≤10%. Take 20 kg of this feed and place it in a 50L feed mixer. Set the mixer speed to 100 rpm and mix for 5 minutes to loosen and evenly distribute the feed, preventing clumping that could affect subsequent medication adsorption. Then, spray the prepared compound herbal concentrate evenly onto the mixing feed in three applications, with a 2-minute interval between sprays. Continue stirring after each spray to ensure full contact between the medication and the feed pellets. After spraying, continue stirring for 15 minutes. Use a five-point sampling method to check the mixing uniformity, ensuring the coefficient of variation of the effective ingredient content is ≤5%. This operation ensures that each portion of feed evenly absorbs the medication, resulting in a consistent content of effective ingredients ingested by the fish.

[0038] S400. Low-Temperature Drying of Medicated Bait: Spread the mixed medicated bait evenly on a drying tray, controlling the thickness to 1.5cm. The weight of a single tray should not exceed 5kg to avoid uneven drying due to excessive thickness. Place the tray in a low-temperature drying oven, setting the drying temperature to 45℃ with a temperature control accuracy of ±2℃. During the drying process, turn the medicated bait every 30 minutes with a sterile glass rod to ensure even drying. After 2 hours of drying, remove the medicated bait and use a rapid moisture analyzer to test its moisture content, ensuring an average moisture content ≤12%. Place the qualified medicated bait in a clean environment to cool to room temperature, ensuring the temperature difference between the cooled bait and room temperature is ≤2℃ to prevent moisture absorption due to temperature differences.

[0039] S500. Finished Product Packaging and Storage: After cooling, the medicated bait is dispensed into sterilized packaging containers, immediately sealed, and labeled. The label should indicate the product name, formula composition, preparation date, storage conditions, and other information. The sealed finished product is stored in an environment with a temperature of 15-25℃ and a relative humidity of ≤60%. The stored finished product is sampled regularly to ensure that the content of active ingredients and product quality meet the requirements.

[0040] Example 2:

[0041] Raw material preparation

[0042] Consistent with the raw material selection criteria in Example 1, the following traditional Chinese medicine raw materials were selected: Phellodendron bark, Coptis root, Scutellaria root, Magnolia bark, and Licorice root, and processed into traditional Chinese medicine granules. Following the testing methods of Example 1, the particle size, particle uniformity, active ingredient content, and purity of each traditional Chinese medicine granule were tested to ensure that all indicators met the requirements of the claims. The qualified traditional Chinese medicine granules were sealed and stored under the prescribed storage conditions for later use. Figure 2 As shown.

[0043] Formulation preparation

[0044] S100. Raw Material Weighing and Pretreatment: The preparation of the clean operating room is the same as in Example 1, ensuring that environmental parameters and sterilization operations meet the requirements. Each herbal granule preparation is weighed using a calibrated electronic balance. Each raw material is weighed independently three times and the average value is taken, ultimately yielding 35g of Phellodendron bark, 25g of Coptis chinensis, 20g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 10g of Magnolia officinalis, and 10g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Each raw material is placed in a clean, dry 500mL beaker and continuously stirred in the same direction at a speed of 60 times / minute for 3 minutes using a sterile glass rod. After thorough mixing, the mixture is sieved through a 40-mesh standard metal sieve to remove impurities. The sieved mixed herbal granules are collected, covered, and set aside for later use.

[0045] S200. Extraction and Concentration of Traditional Chinese Medicine: The extraction process is the same as in Example 1. The mass-to-volume ratio of the mixed traditional Chinese medicine granules to the initially added deionized water is 1:10. The mixture is heated to 100℃ in a constant-temperature water bath and extracted for 30 minutes at a gentle boil, stirring every 5 minutes for 10 seconds each time. For the second extraction, 500mL of deionized water is added, and the extraction conditions remain unchanged. The combined filtrates are filtered through double-layer quantitative filter paper until clear, then transferred to a rotary evaporator for low-temperature vacuum concentration. The concentration parameters are the same as in Example 1. Concentration is stopped when the filtrate volume reaches 100mL ± 2mL, yielding a concentrated compound traditional Chinese medicine solution. This solution is sealed and stored at 4-8℃ for no more than 12 hours.

[0046] S300. Mixing Feed and Medicine Solution: Take 20 kg of qualified floating pelleted feed and put it into a 50L feed mixer. Stir at 100 r / min for 5 minutes to loosen the feed. Spray the compound traditional Chinese medicine concentrate evenly onto the stirred feed in 4 applications, with a 2-minute interval between sprays. After spraying, continue stirring for 20 minutes. Use a five-point sampling method to ensure that the coefficient of variation of the effective ingredient content is ≤5%, and to ensure that the medicine solution and feed pellets are fully adsorbed and mixed.

[0047] S400, Low-Temperature Drying of Medicated Bait: Spread the mixed medicated bait evenly on a drying tray, with a thickness of 1.8 cm. The weight of a single tray should not exceed 5 kg. Place the tray in a low-temperature drying oven at 45℃ for 2.5 hours. The temperature control accuracy of the drying oven should be ±2℃. During this period, turn the medicated bait over every 30 minutes. After drying, remove the tray and use a rapid moisture analyzer to test the moisture content, ensuring that the average moisture content is ≤12%. Cool the tray to room temperature in a clean environment, ensuring that the temperature difference between the medicated bait and room temperature is ≤2℃.

[0048] S500. Finished Product Packaging and Storage: The operation is the same as in Example 1. After cooling, the medicated bait is dispensed into sterilized packaging containers, sealed and labeled, and stored in the specified environment. Regular random inspections are conducted to ensure product quality.

[0049] Example 3:

[0050] Raw material preparation

[0051] After selecting qualified Chinese medicinal materials such as Phellodendron bark, Coptis chinensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Magnolia officinalis, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and processing them into Chinese medicine granules, the particle size, particle uniformity, effective ingredient content, and purity are strictly tested according to the testing methods specified in the claims. After all indicators meet the requirements, the Chinese medicine granules are sealed and stored in the specified environment for later use.

[0052] Formulation preparation

[0053] S100. Raw Material Weighing and Pretreatment: Environmental conditioning and sterilization procedures in the clean operating room shall be performed in accordance with regulations to ensure compliance with temperature, humidity, and sterilization requirements. Each herbal granule preparation shall be weighed using a calibrated electronic balance. Each raw material shall be weighed independently three times and the average value shall be taken. Accurately weigh 35g of Phellodendron bark, 25g of Coptis rhizome, 20g of Scutellaria baicalensis root, 10g of Magnolia officinalis bark, and 10g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root. Place all raw materials into a clean, dry 500mL beaker, stir and mix thoroughly, then sieve through a 40-mesh standard metal sieve to remove impurities and collect for later use.

[0054] S200. Extraction and Concentration of Traditional Chinese Medicine: The extraction and concentration processes strictly follow the limitations of the claims. The mass-to-volume ratio of the mixed traditional Chinese medicine granules to the initially added deionized water is 1:10. After heating extraction, filtration, secondary extraction, and further filtration, the filtrates are combined and clarified. The clarified filtrate is transferred to a rotary evaporator and concentrated under low temperature and reduced pressure according to the set concentration parameters until the specified volume is reached. The concentration is then stopped to obtain a compound traditional Chinese medicine concentrate, which is stored as required for later use.

[0055] S300. Mixing feed and medicine solution: Take 20kg of floating pelleted compound feed and put it into a feed mixer. After pretreatment and stirring for 5 minutes, spray the compound Chinese medicine concentrate in 3 times with a 2-minute interval between sprays. After spraying, continue stirring for 18 minutes. Confirm that the mixing uniformity meets the requirements by using the five-point sampling method.

[0056] S400, Low-temperature drying of medicated bait: Spread the medicated bait evenly on a drying tray, with a thickness of 2.0 cm. The weight of a single tray of medicated bait should not exceed 5 kg. Place it in a low-temperature drying oven at 45℃ for 3 hours, turning it over every 30 minutes during drying. After drying, check that the moisture content is ≤12%. Cool to room temperature before use.

[0057] S500 Finished Product Packaging and Storage: After cooling, the medicated bait is dispensed into sterile packaging containers, sealed and labeled, and stored in the specified environment. The product status is checked regularly.

[0058] Comparative example:

[0059] Five Chinese medicinal herbs—Phellodendron bark, Coptis rhizome, Scutellaria baicalensis root, Magnolia officinalis bark, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis root—were selected and weighed in the same proportions as in Example 1, totaling 100g. The raw materials were simply sieved through a 20-40 mesh screen; the content of active ingredients was not tested, and purity was not strictly controlled. They were stored at room temperature for later use.

[0060] Formulation preparation

[0061] S100, Raw material processing: Place the weighed mixed granules of the five Chinese herbs into a beaker.

[0062] S200, Traditional Chinese Medicine Extraction: Add 1000mL of tap water and heat to a boil for 30 minutes without stirring. Filter once through a single layer of gauze to obtain approximately 800mL of extract. No secondary extraction or concentration was performed.

[0063] S300, Mixing: Take 20kg of floating pellet feed of the same size and put it into a normal container. Pour in the extract all at once and stir manually for 10 minutes.

[0064] S400 Drying: Spread the wet bait on the indoor floor to a thickness of about 5cm and let it air dry naturally for about 24 hours.

[0065] S500, Packaging: After drying, store in a regular plastic bag.

[0066] To more clearly illustrate the key information of each embodiment and comparative example, the following table summarizes the core parameters and product specifications:

[0067]

[0068] Table Explanation and Summary:

[0069] The table above objectively summarizes the key process parameters and core product indicators of each embodiment and comparative example of the present invention. It is understood that Examples 1 to 3 strictly follow all the technical features of the claims of the present invention, with standardized control implemented at every step from raw material selection, testing, storage to the preparation process, ensuring the quality stability and consistency of the product. Through secondary extraction and low-temperature concentration, the effective components of the traditional Chinese medicine are fully preserved; multiple sprayings and thorough stirring ensure the uniform distribution of the effective components in the feed; low-temperature drying prevents the loss of effective components due to high temperatures, resulting in medicated feed that exhibits good performance in terms of effective component content, uniformity, and storage stability.

[0070] The comparative method used traditional single-herb formulas and extensive preparation processes, failing to effectively control raw material quality, extraction efficiency, mixing uniformity, and drying conditions. This resulted in significant deficiencies in the utilization rate, uniformity, and storage stability of the product. The embodiments of this invention, through systematic formula design and standardized preparation processes, optimize the formula for treating nocardiosis in fish. The prepared medicated feed meets the basic needs of disease control in aquaculture, and the operation process is clear, replicable, and suitable for practical production applications.

[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A formula for treating nocardiosis in fish, characterized in that, This Chinese herbal granule preparation consists of the following ingredients by weight: 35g of Phellodendron bark, 25g of Coptis chinensis, 20g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 10g of Magnolia officinalis, and 10g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, totaling 100g, suitable for 20kg of aquatic feed.

2. The formulation for treating nocardiosis in fish according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the Phellodendron bark granules, Coptis chinensis granules, Scutellaria baicalensis granules, Magnolia officinalis granules, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis granules is 20-40 mesh, and the particle uniformity is ≥95% when tested by a standard sieve.

3. The formulation for treating nocardiosis in fish according to claim 1, characterized in that, The effective component content of the traditional Chinese medicine granules was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography: berberine content in Phellodendron bark ≥ 3.0%, berberine content in Coptis chinensis ≥ 5.5%, baicalin content in Scutellaria baicalensis ≥ 9.0%, total amount of magnolol and honokiol in Magnolia officinalis ≥ 2.0%, and glycyrrhizic acid content in Glycyrrhiza uralensis ≥ 2.0%. The chromatographic column used for detection was a C18 column, and the column temperature was 30℃.

4. The formulation for treating nocardiosis in fish according to claim 1, characterized in that, The purity requirements for the Chinese herbal granule preparation are: no mold, no odor, and the content of visible impurities is ≤0.5%. After screening through a 40-mesh standard sieve, the weight of residual impurities on the sieve is ≤0.1g. The storage conditions for the Chinese herbal granule preparation are: sealed packaging, placed in an environment with a temperature of 15-25℃ and a relative humidity of ≤60%, and the content decay rate of effective ingredients during the storage period is ≤5%.

5. A method for preparing a formulation for treating nocardiosis in fish, the method being used to prepare the formulation for treating nocardiosis in fish as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The specific steps of this preparation method are as follows: S100. Raw material weighing and pretreatment: In a clean operating room, use an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.1g to weigh each of the Chinese herbal granule preparations described in claim 1, put them together into a clean and dry 500mL beaker, stir and mix evenly with a sterile glass rod, and remove lumps, sand, and fibrous impurities by screening through a 40-mesh standard metal sieve. After collecting the mixed Chinese herbal granule preparations that pass through the sieve, cover and set aside for later use. S200, Traditional Chinese Medicine Extraction and Concentration: Add deionized water to the mixed traditional Chinese medicine granule preparation, stir to fully wet the raw materials, place in a constant temperature water bath for heating and extraction, cool to room temperature after extraction, filter through multiple layers of gauze for the first time, add deionized water again to the residue and repeat the extraction and filtration steps, combine the two filtrates and filter through double-layer quantitative filter paper until clear, transfer the clear filtrate to a concentration device and concentrate at low temperature and pressure to 100mL to obtain compound traditional Chinese medicine concentrate; S300. Mixing feed and medicine: Take 20kg of floating pelleted compound feed and put it into a feed mixer. Stir to make the feed loose and uniform. Then spray the compound Chinese medicine concentrate evenly onto the feed being stirred. Continue stirring until the medicine is fully absorbed and mixed with the feed pellets. S400, Low-temperature drying of medicated bait: Spread the mixed medicated bait evenly on a drying tray, place it in a low-temperature drying oven for drying, and turn the medicated bait over periodically during the process. After drying, take it out and cool it to room temperature in a clean environment. S500. Finished Product Packaging and Storage: After cooling, the medicated bait is dispensed into sterilized packaging containers, sealed immediately, and labeled. The sealed finished product is then stored in the specified environment.

6. The method for preparing a formula for treating nocardiosis in fish according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S100, the environmental parameters of the clean operating room are: temperature 22±1℃, relative humidity 50±5%. The operating room must be disinfected with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes before use. The distance between the ultraviolet lamp and the operating table is ≤30cm, and the ultraviolet intensity is ≥30μW / cm². The electronic balance is calibrated within 24 hours before weighing. The error of weighing a 100g standard weight is ≤±0.05g. Each raw material is weighed independently 3 times, and the average value is taken as the final weighing result. After weighing, the mixing speed of the raw materials is 60 times / minute, and the mixture is continuously stirred in the same direction for 3 minutes with a sterile glass rod.

7. A method for preparing a formula for treating nocardiosis in fish according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S200, the mass-to-volume ratio of the mixed Chinese herbal medicine granules to the first added deionized water is 1:

10. The heating temperature of the constant temperature water bath is 100℃, and the extraction is carried out at a slight boiling state for 30 minutes. During this period, the mixture is stirred once every 5 minutes with a sterile glass rod for 10 seconds each time. The volume of deionized water added during the second extraction is 500mL, and the extraction conditions are the same as those for the first extraction.

8. A method for preparing a formula for treating nocardiosis in fish according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S200, the concentration device is a rotary evaporator, and the concentration parameters are set as follows: temperature 60℃, vacuum degree 0.06-0.08MPa, stirring speed 50r / min. The volume of the filtrate is recorded every 10 minutes during the concentration process. When the volume reaches 100mL±2mL, the concentration is stopped. The compound Chinese medicine concentrate is sealed and stored in an environment of 4-8℃ for no more than 12 hours.

9. A method for preparing a formula for treating nocardiosis in fish according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S300, the floating pellet feed has a particle size of 2-4 mm, a crude protein content of ≥40%, and a moisture content of ≤10%; the feed mixer has a volume of 50 L, a rotation speed of 100 r / min, a feed pretreatment mixing time of 5 minutes, and the medicine is sprayed in 3-4 times with a 2-minute interval between sprays. After spraying, the mixture is continuously stirred for 15-20 minutes. The uniformity of mixing is tested by the five-point sampling method, and the coefficient of variation of the effective ingredient content is ≤5%.

10. A method for preparing a formula for treating nocardiosis in fish according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S400, the medicated bait is spread to a thickness of 1.5-2.0 cm on the drying tray, and the weight of a single tray of medicated bait does not exceed 5 kg; it is placed in a low-temperature drying oven at 45℃ for 2-3 hours, and the temperature control accuracy of the low-temperature drying oven is ±2℃. During the drying process, the medicated bait is turned over once every 30 minutes with a sterile glass rod. After drying, the average moisture content of the medicated bait is tested by a rapid moisture analyzer, and the average moisture content of the medicated bait is ≤12%. After cooling, the temperature difference between the medicated bait and the room temperature is ≤2℃.

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