Under-forest planting method for improving yield and quality of aralia elata sprouts

Abstract

The invention discloses an under-forest planting method for improving the yield and quality of aralia elata sprouts, and belongs to the technical field of under-forest economic plant cultivation. In order to solve the problem that in the prior art, due to the lack of multi-link integrated optimization of'provenance-habitat-harvesting ', the yield and quality of artificially planted aralia elata sprouts are difficult to synergistically improve and the like, the method comprises the following steps: investigating the yield of wild aralia elata in different regions, the saponin content of wild aralia elata in different forest types and different regions; the method comprises the following steps: selecting an optimal provenance for artificial planting of aralia elata, and preliminarily selecting a suitable forest type; then, the optimal provenance, forest type, canopy density, slope direction and harvesting strategy of artificial planting are determined by researching the influence of different forest types and different canopy densities on the growth and yield of the aralia elata planted artificially, the influence of different slope directions on the growth of the aralia elata and the influence of different harvesting strategies on the overwintering sprouting rate of the aralia elata in the next year; finally, the aralia elata under-forest planting method for simultaneously improving the yield and the quality of the bean sprouts is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of understory economic plant cultivation technology, specifically relating to an understory planting method for improving the yield and quality of Aralia elata sprouts. Background Technology

[0002] Aralia elata ( Aralia mandshuria *Rupr. et Maxim.* is a deciduous small tree belonging to the genus *Aralia* in the family Araliaceae. It is *Aralia elata* of Liaodong. Aralia elata A variety of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem., mainly distributed in the northern foothills of the Wanda Mountains and the Lesser Khingan Mountains forest area of ​​Heilongjiang Province, it is a valuable edible and medicinal economic plant in the forest areas of Northeast my country. The tender shoots of Aralia elata are rich in saponins, possessing various effects such as invigorating qi and calming the mind, strengthening the spleen and promoting diuresis, dispelling wind and dampness, and promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. The shoots can also be eaten as wild vegetables, earning it the reputation of "King of Wild Vegetables," and it is highly sought after in the market. Aralia elata thrives in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests, mixed forests, and secondary forests below 1000 m in altitude. It has high requirements for soil conditions, preferring loose, well-aerated, fertile, and well-drained acidic loam.

[0003] Driven by economic interests, predatory harvesting has become increasingly serious for a long time, leading to severe damage to wild Aralia elata resources. Its reserves and harvestable quantities have declined year by year, exacerbating the supply-demand imbalance. Over-harvesting of wild resources not only threatens the sustainable use of the species but also adversely affects the balance of forest ecosystems. Therefore, conducting research on the artificial cultivation of Aralia elata and exploring scientific and rational planting models is of great significance for promoting resource recovery, increasing yields, maintaining ecological balance, and achieving sustainable utilization.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, domestic scholars have conducted extensive research on the propagation and cultivation techniques of Aralia elata. Regarding propagation methods, Aralia elata can be propagated through seeds and asexually. Due to the deep dormancy of the seeds, stratification is generally required before sowing. Gibberellin soaking and alternating high and low temperature germination can improve the germination rate to some extent. In terms of cultivation techniques, existing research has covered dry-stored seed germination techniques, suitable seedling density experiments, and artificial pruning techniques. Studies have shown that Aralia elata seedlings need to grow under semi-shade conditions, while mature plants require full sunlight. Regarding habitat selection, current techniques indicate that artificial cultivation of Aralia elata should be carried out on semi-shaded slopes with a canopy density of around 30%, moist but not waterlogged, loose and fertile soil with a pH of 5.5-6.5.

[0005] In recent years, with the rapid development of understory economy, the understory planting technology of Aralia elata has received widespread attention. Existing research has adopted a cooperative model of "research institutions + forest farm bases" to promote and demonstrate key technologies for the ecological cultivation of Aralia elata. Regarding harvesting techniques, the local standard "Technical Regulations for Harvesting and Grading of Aralia elata" (DB2310 / T 144-2024) standardizes the harvesting, grading, and inspection rules for terrestrial-grown Aralia elata sprouts.

[0006] However, existing technologies still have the following shortcomings: First, regarding seed source selection, although some studies have involved the collection and screening of superior seed sources, they mostly focus on the examination of single indicators, lacking a seed source optimization method based on comprehensive analysis of multiple indicators such as yield (dry weight and bud length) and saponin content. Second, regarding habitat selection, existing studies mostly focus on the impact of single forest type or canopy closure on the growth of Aralia elata, with fewer studies on the optimization of combinations of different forest types (such as mixed forests and Mongolian oak forests) and different canopy closures, and a lack of systematic optimization schemes for specific forest types. Third, regarding harvesting techniques, existing standards mainly regulate the requirements for harvesting grading, but research on the impact of the number of harvests on the overwintering rate of the plant the following year, as well as the correlation between post-harvest treatment and plant growth, is insufficient, and there is a lack of technical solutions for synergistic optimization of harvesting strategies and plant health. Fourth, there are few reports on the integrated optimization of each link in the artificial cultivation of Aralia elata, from seed source to habitat to harvesting. A complete technical system has not yet been formed, from seed source selection, forest type selection, canopy closure optimization to harvesting strategy regulation.

[0007] Therefore, how to achieve a synergistic improvement in the yield and quality of artificially cultivated Aralia elata sprouts through systematic multi-factor optimization (seed source selection, forest type selection, canopy closure optimization, slope aspect selection, and harvesting strategy control) remains a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the difficulties in synergistically improving the yield and quality of Aralia elata sprouts in artificial cultivation due to the lack of integrated optimization of multiple stages from "seed source to habitat to harvest," this invention investigates the yield (dry weight and sprout length) of wild Aralia elata in different cities / counties within two provinces, the content of saponins (triterpenoid glycosides) in wild Aralia elata under different forest types, and the content of saponins (triterpenoid glycosides) in wild Aralia elata from different counties within the two provinces. This investigation identifies the optimal seed source for artificial cultivation of Aralia elata and preliminarily selects suitable forest types. Subsequently, by studying the effects of different forest types and canopy closures on the growth (survival rate and plant height) and yield of artificially planted Aralia elata, the effects of different slope aspects on the growth (survival rate and shoot elongation) of artificially planted Aralia elata, and the effects of different harvesting strategies on the overwintering shoot elongation rate of Aralia elata in the following year, the optimal seed source, forest type, canopy closure, slope aspect, and harvesting strategy for artificial planting were determined. Finally, an integrated method for planting Aralia elata under forest canopy that combines the "seed source-habitat-harvest" links to simultaneously improve the yield and quality of sprouts was obtained.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems and achieve the corresponding technical effects, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The first objective of this invention is to provide a method for artificially cultivating Aralia elata, which includes the following steps: collecting Aralia elata seeds from Hulin City, Heilongjiang Province, and planting them under a canopy density of no more than 0.3. Harvesting management involves harvesting Aralia elata sprouts 1-2 times a year and removing any budding sprouts during the harvesting period. The forest is a Mongolian oak forest or a broad-leaved mixed forest containing birch, Mongolian oak, and purple oak.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the artificial planting method includes the following steps: seed treatment, selection of seedling site and preparation of land for seedbed, sowing and seedling raising and seedling management, transplanting and planting of seedlings, and later management and harvesting.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the specific method of seed treatment is as follows: Soak the shade-dried Aralia elata seeds in clean water at room temperature for 40-50 hours; mix the soaked seeds with cleaned, fine, moist river sand at a volume ratio of 1:3, maintaining a humidity of 60%-70%, place them in a mesh bag, and bury them in a sheltered location at a depth of 18-22 cm for stratification treatment, or freeze them at -20°C for 60-80 days; treat the stratified or frozen seeds with a 50 ppm gibberellin solution for 24 hours before sowing, then germinate them at room temperature for one week, and sow them when 20% of the seeds show signs of sprouting.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the seed source selection and seed harvesting method are as follows: Through experimental screening, the Hulin germplasm with the highest sprout yield and saponin content is selected as the seed source for promotion. In October, the seeds are harvested when the fruit turns black. The harvested seeds are rubbed to remove the pericarp, threshed to remove impurities and shriveled seeds, placed in a mesh bag, and stored in a cool and ventilated place for later use.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the specific method for selecting the seedling nursery site and preparing the land for seedbed preparation is as follows: Select a flat, well-drained, loose, and well-aerated slightly acidic or acidic loam soil with a pH of 5.0-6.5 as the seedling nursery site; combine land preparation with the application of well-rotted cow manure at a rate of 10 kg / m². 2 Deeply till and prepare the land to a depth of 15-20 cm; after tilling, make beds with a north-south orientation. The beds should be high beds, 1.5 m wide and 10-15 cm high, with walkways between beds 35-45 cm wide.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the specific methods for sowing, seedling raising, and seedling management are as follows: Row sowing: Make furrows on the seedbed with a row spacing of 15 cm, a furrow depth of 2.0 cm, and a furrow width of 5 cm. Evenly scatter the seeds, which are thoroughly mixed with river sand, into the furrows, cover with soil, level, and compact. Immediately after sowing, water thoroughly once. To prevent underground pests, apply a 1000-fold diluted solution of 45% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate after covering with soil. Watering: Water as needed from sowing until emergence to keep the seedbed moist. After emergence, water as needed according to weather conditions and soil moisture, keeping the seedbed moist but not waterlogged. Cultivation and weeding: Cultivate and weed promptly after rain or watering.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the specific method for seedling transplanting and planting is as follows: Seedling transplanting: Select artificially cultivated two-year-old seedlings and transplant them in early April of the following year after emergence and before leaf expansion, or in late October of the same year after dormancy; Before transplanting, select seedlings, choosing plants that are free from pests and diseases and of uniform size as seedlings, and retaining a root length of 10 cm; Planting: Select Mongolian oak forests with a canopy closure of no more than 0.3 or broad-leaved mixed forests containing birch, Mongolian oak, and purple oak, with a south-facing or southeast-facing slope; Before planting, remove understory shrubs; The planting density is 1 m × 1 m; The pit depth is 20-30 cm and the width is 20-30 cm; Plant before or after rain; After planting, tamp down the soil; The soil moisture content should be maintained at 55-65% at the time of planting.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the soil for planting has a pH of 5.0-6.5, a soil moisture content of 50-60%, an organic matter content of 8-12%, a total nitrogen content of not less than 8.0 g / kg, an alkaline available nitrogen content of not less than 300 mg / kg, and an air humidity of not less than 50%.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the specific methods for post-planting management and harvesting are as follows: In the year of planting: weeds are removed by mowing machine, without the use of herbicides and chemical fertilizers. To avoid environmental pollution; In the second year after planting: harvest the terminal bud once in spring, and cut it 2-5 cm above the second bud to reduce water loss and promote the germination of second and third buds. At the same time, due to the growth of the tree and the increase in ground canopy density, weeding is not required; In the third year after planting: As the trunk lignification improves, harvest the buds twice in spring. After the second harvest, cut off the harvested part 2-5 cm above the third bud, and remove the buds below the third bud to inhibit germination. This is beneficial for the supply of nutrients to the third bud, promoting lignification and tree vigor. Among these, the maximum number of times to harvest buds per year is twice. If harvested three times, the tree will wither and die the following year due to insufficient growing season and inadequate lignification of branches; When harvesting stems in winter for off-season bud production, retain 2-3 buds at the base of the stem according to the harvested stem length. Harvest the buds once in the spring of the second year, and cut it 2-5 cm above the second bud. Do not harvest twice.

[0018] The second objective of this invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned artificial cultivation method in improving the yield and quality of Aralia elata sprouts, wherein the quality refers to the saponin content of Aralia elata sprouts.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the saponin is a triterpenoid glycoside, including Araloside V, Araloside VI and 4-F8.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Achieved a synergistic improvement in both the yield and quality of Aralia elata sprouts.

[0021] This invention breaks through the limitations of single-stage optimization in existing technologies, pioneering a multi-stage integrated optimization method for understory planting encompassing "seed source-habitat-harvest". By screening for optimal seed sources with high yield and high saponin content, selecting suitable forest type, canopy density, and slope aspect, and combining this with optimized harvesting strategies, a synergistic increase in sprout yield and saponin content is achieved. While ensuring yield, this solves the technical problem in existing technologies where the pursuit of yield comes at the expense of plant resistance and quality.

[0022] 2. It has broken through the technical bottleneck of artificial cultivation of Aralia elata into forests and significantly reduced the branch mortality rate.

[0023] This invention makes full use of the environmental conditions of understory clearings in mixed mixed forests or Mongolian oak forests with low canopy closure (≤0.3). By selecting superior seed sources (Hulin germplasm), adapting to forest types, controlling canopy closure, and optimizing slope aspect (semi-sunny or sunny slopes), and combining scientific harvesting and pruning methods, it significantly improves the overwintering survival rate and lignification degree of Aralia elata branches. It effectively solves the problem of high mortality rate of above-ground branches in the artificial planting of Aralia elata branches, making it possible to cultivate Aralia elata branches on a large scale and stably under the "forest within a forest" model.

[0024] 3. It has enabled the efficient utilization of forest land resources and provided a new model for the development of the understory economy in the cold northern forest areas.

[0025] This invention fully utilizes existing forest land resources such as forest clearings and low-density secondary forests. Without damaging the original forest ecosystem, it integrates a complete technology chain, including seed source selection, land preparation, sowing and seedling cultivation, transplanting and planting, and post-planting management and harvesting, forming a set of ecological planting methods for Aralia elata suitable for high-altitude cold forest areas in northern China. This method not only improves the utilization efficiency of understory land resources but also provides important technical support and reserves for the adjustment of forest area industrial structure, the diversified development of understory economy, and the restoration of wild resources. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 The figure shows the statistical results of the dry weight and length of Aralia elata buds in sample plots of natural populations at different locations; the error bars represent standard errors, different letters indicate significant differences between counties, lowercase letters a, b, and c represent differences in bud dry weight, and uppercase letters A and B represent differences in bud length; Figure 2 The figure shows the results of the determination of triterpenoid glycoside content in Aralia elata sprouts in different forest types; among them, Figure 2 (A) in the figure shows the results of the Araloside V content determination. Figure 2 (B) in the figure shows the results of the determination of Araloside VI content. Figure 2 (C) in the figure represents the results of the 4-F8 content determination; different letters indicate significant differences between different forest types; Figure 3 The figure shows the results of the determination of triterpenoid glycoside content in Aralia elata sprouts from natural populations at different locations; among them, Figure 3 (A) in the figure shows the results of the Araloside V content determination. Figure 3 (B) in the figure shows the results of the determination of Araloside VI content. Figure 3 (C) in the figure represents the results of the determination of 4-F8 content; * indicates a significant difference; Figure 4 The graph shows the test results of soil physicochemical properties in sample plots from different forest types or provinces; Figure 4(A) in the figure shows the detection results of soil organic matter content in different forest type plots. Figure 4 (B) in the figure shows the detection results of soil organic matter content in sample plots from different provinces. Figure 4 (C) in the figure shows the detection results of soil nitrate nitrogen content in different forest type plots. Figure 4 (D) in the figure shows the detection results of soil nitrate nitrogen content in sample plots from different provinces. Figure 4 (E) in the figure represents the detection results of total phosphorus content in soil in different forest type plots. Figure 4 (F) in the figure represents the detection results of total phosphorus content in soil samples from different provinces; different letters indicate significant differences between groups; Figure 5 The statistical results of survival rate and dieback rate of Aralia elata planted on the south and north slopes are shown in the figure; lowercase letters a and b indicate that the difference is significant at the P<0.05 level; Figure 6 The figure shows the statistical results of the effect of different sprout harvesting times on the shoot yield of Aralia elata; lowercase letters a, b, c, and d indicate that the differences are significant at the P<0.05 level. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments mentioned below are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The embodiments mentioned below are only some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments. Those skilled in the art can refer to the content of this document and appropriately improve the process parameters to achieve the objectives of the invention. It should be particularly noted that all similar substitutions and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art and are considered to be included in the invention. The methods and applications of this invention have been described through preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obviously modify or appropriately change and combine the methods and applications described herein without departing from the content and scope of this invention to realize and apply the technology of this invention. In the art, embodiments obtained by other those skilled in the art without creative effort are all protected by this invention.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods, and the materials, reagents and instruments used are conventional materials, reagents and instruments in the art, which can be obtained by those skilled in the art through commercial channels.

[0029] Example 1: Investigation of suitable seed sources, locations, and forest types for artificial planting of Aralia elata. This embodiment is based on a survey of natural Aralia elata populations in several counties in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in Northeast China. The goal is to investigate the main distribution locations, forest types, bud dry weight and length of natural Aralia elata populations, and other baseline information to provide a reference for the selection of forest types for artificial planting.

[0030] The *Aralia elata* population at each location was investigated in three replicate plots, with a distance of 3 km between adjacent plots. Each plot was set up within a 900-square-meter area, arranged at 30-meter × 30-meter intervals. Species composition, height, diameter at breast height (DBH), tree density, and canopy density were measured. The forest structure characteristics were: tree height 9.55 ± 1.50 m (mean ± standard deviation, the same below), DBH 15.42 ± 5.49 cm, tree density 1412.32 ± 913.20 trees, and canopy density 52.53 ± 20.33%.

[0031] Soil samples were collected from the *Aralia elata* population at each location. Nine subplots were randomly selected from each location, each subplot measuring 9 square meters (3 meters × 3 meters). Surface debris was cleared to ensure complete exposure of the soil surface. Two soil core samples (10 cm inner diameter) were collected from each subplot at a depth of 20 cm. Residual materials such as sawdust, soil animal remains, and dead plant tissue were removed from the fresh soil samples. The two soil core samples from the same subplot were mixed, and the soil samples from all subplots were further mixed to form the soil sample for that subplot. Fresh soil samples were sieved through a 2 mm sieve, placed in nylon bags, and transported to the laboratory. The soil samples were air-dried to constant weight at room temperature for subsequent analysis.

[0032] Soil physicochemical properties included organic matter (SoilOM), total nitrogen (N) content (SoilTN), ammonium nitrogen (SoilAN) content, nitrate nitrogen (SoilNN) content, total phosphorus (P) content (SoilTP), available phosphorus (SoilAP) content, pH value (soil pH), and electrical conductivity (SoilEC). The methods for determining these indicators referenced previous studies on non-timber forest products. Soil organic matter content was determined using the Walkley-Black method, which involves oxidizing organic carbon with potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₃) in sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), followed by titration of the remaining potassium dichromate with ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄), thus converting the organic carbon into organic matter. Soil total nitrogen was determined using an elemental analyzer (Vario MACRO cube, Elementar-Branch, Shanghai, China). After high-temperature combustion of the sample, the resulting nitrogen oxides were reduced to gases, and quantification was performed using thermal conductivity detection. Soil ammonium and nitrate nitrogen were extracted with 2 mol / L potassium chloride (KCl) and analyzed using a flow injection system (Lachat Instruments, Hach Ltd., Loveland, CO, USA). This method utilizes the indophenol blue reaction, where ammonium reacts with hypochlorite and salicylate under alkaline conditions to form a blue complex, which can be measured at 660 nm. Soil nitrate nitrogen was reduced to nitrite by cadmium, then coupled with sulfonamide and N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine to form a pink azo dye, which was measured at 520 nm. Soil total phosphorus was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical) (Thermo ICAP-6000, ThermoFisher, Shanghai, China). The sample was digested with a mixture of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to release phosphorus. Soil available phosphorus was extracted with distilled water and measured at 880 nm using the molybdenum blue method. Soil-water suspensions (soil-to-water ratio 1:2.5) were prepared, and soil pH was measured using a 3020 pH meter (Jenway, Dunmore, UK). Soil electrical conductivity (μS / cm) was also measured. -1 The conductivity was measured using a Leici DDSJ-308A conductivity meter, with soil-water leachate (soil-water ratio 1:5).

[0033] Harvesting Standards for Sprouts: Sprouts mainly refer to the young leaves of Aralia elata. They are generally harvested before the young buds are fully unfolded, as the short thorns on the leaves are relatively soft at this stage and do not affect the taste after processing. Therefore, harvesting is greatly affected by local temperature; if the temperature is too high, the young leaves unfold too quickly. Our general harvesting standard is to harvest when the young leaves are curled and not fully extended. During sampling, the entire bud is completely removed or peeled from the host stem. One bud is collected from each plant, and four plants are harvested from each plot. The length of the removed bud is immediately measured, and then the bud is stored in a nylon bag and transported to the laboratory on ice (0-4℃) to prevent rotting.

[0034] After measuring the length of the sampled buds, the buds were dried in a 70℃ oven for 72 h and then ground into powder. 100 mg of powder was weighed and added to 2 mL of 70% methanol aqueous solution. The mixture was ultrasonically extracted at 80℃ and 28 kHz for 30 min, followed by centrifugation at 4℃ and 12000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was collected, filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter, and then analyzed by mass spectrometry. Triterpenoid glycosides (Araloside V, A; Araloside VI, B; 4-F8, C) were selected as the analytical indicators. These three glycosides exhibit sensitive response characteristics to environmental changes, and their content was expressed as a percentage of the bud's dry weight.

[0035] The specific location information for the sample plot survey is as follows: Table 1 shows that the main forest types of Aralia elata in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces are Mongolian oak forests, mixed low-quality secondary forests of birch / Mongolian oak, and Korean pine forests. Meanwhile, from... Figure 1 It can be seen that the bud dry weight in Linjiang County, Jilin Province, is significantly lower than that in Hulin, Boli, Jiamusi, and Yichun Counties, Heilongjiang Province. The bud dry weight in Hulin County is significantly higher than that in Jiangyuan, Jingyu, and Antu Counties, Jilin Province. The bud length in Linjiang County is significantly shorter than that in Hulin, Boli, Jiamusi, Yichun, and Shuangyashan Counties, Heilongjiang Province.

[0036] Table 1. Sampling locations and forest types of Aralia elata populations

[0037] Note: SF 1 =Mixed secondary forests of birch, Mongolian oak, and purple oak; PP 2 =Mongolian oak forest; LP 3 =Larch forest; RPDBF 4 =Khmer pine / deciduous broadleaf mixed forest; BF 5 =Birch Forest; FP 6 =Pinus sylvestris forest.

[0038] Meanwhile, we detected the main components of saponins (triterpenoid glycosides) Araloside V, Araloside VI, and 4-F8 in the sprouts collected from different forest types, such as... Figure 2 As shown. The study found that forest type has a significant impact on the saponin content of sprouts. Among them, mixed forest (SF) and Mongolian oak forests have significantly higher saponin content of Aralia elata than other forest types. For Araloside VI and 4-F8 content, mixed forest (SF) is even better than Mongolian oak forest (SF). Figure 2 (B) and (C) in the middle.

[0039] To verify the impact of sampling location on the saponin content of Aralia elata and to screen for germplasm with high saponin content, we conducted a statistical analysis of the saponin content of harvested sprouts by location. For example... Figure 3As shown, we found that the main components of saponins (triterpenoid glycosides) in the Hulin seed source, Araloside V and 4-F8, were significantly higher than those in other locations. Figure 3 (A) and (C) in the text. In summary, both the yield and saponin content of Hulin germplasm are superior to those of other locations, making Hulin germplasm the preferred germplasm for our understory afforestation.

[0040] Depend on Figure 4 As shown, among all variables reflecting soil characteristics, only soil organic matter (SoilOM), soil nitrate nitrogen content (SoilNN), and soil total phosphorus content (SoilTP) showed significant differences. Figure 4 The soil organic matter content of birch forests (BF) is higher than that of other forest types except for Scots pine forests (FP). Figure 4 (A) in the middle, but there was no significant difference between the two provinces ( Figure 4 (B)). Soil nitrate nitrogen content showed no significant difference among different forest types. Figure 4 (C) in the middle), but Heilongjiang Province is 217.7% higher than Jilin Province ( Figure 4 (D)). Similarly, total soil phosphorus content showed no significant response among different forest types ( Figure 4 (E)), but Heilongjiang Province (37.1% higher than Jilin Province) is significantly higher than Jilin Province ( Figure 4 In addition, the soil total nitrogen content (Soil TN) ranged from 0.26 to 0.53 g / kg (F=0.86, p=0.5336), the soil ammonium nitrogen content (Soil AN) ranged from 40.13 to 58.44 mg / kg (F=1.18, p=0.3373), the soil available phosphorus content (Soil AP) ranged from 75.00 to 152.42 mg / kg (F=1.58, p=0.1810), the soil pH value (Soil pH) ranged from 5.21 to 5.73 (F=2.01, p=0.0890), and the soil electrical conductivity (Soil EC) ranged from 15.47 to 27.55 μS / cm (F=0.92, p=0.4892).

[0041] In summary, this indicates that different forest types and soil types have a relatively small impact on the yield of Aralia elata sprouts. Heilongjiang Province, due to its slow rise in spring temperatures, has higher yields and quality of sprouts, making it more suitable for the development of Aralia elata.

[0042] Example 2: Effects of different forest types and canopy densities on the growth and yield of Aralia elata. Based on the survey in Example 1 above, we know that Heilongjiang Province is more suitable for the development of Aralia elata, and that natural populations of Aralia elata are distributed in Mongolian oak forests, mixed low-quality secondary forests of birch / Mongolian oak, and Korean pine forests. However, the specific optimal forest type is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted a study on the impact of different forest types and mixed forests with different canopy closures on the growth and yield of Aralia elata in Qingshan Forest Farm, Yilan County, Heilongjiang Province.

[0043] The Qingshan Forest Farm in Yilan County, Heilongjiang Province (129°30′E, 46°13′N, altitude 248 m) is located at the northern end of the Zhangguangcai Mountains in the Changbai Mountain Range. The terrain slopes from south to north in a ridge shape, mostly consisting of broad, flat ridges. The mountain peaks are rounded, wide, and gently sloping, with an average slope of 6°. The main tree vegetation at the site is mixed birch / Mongolian oak forest and mixed forest dominated by Mongolian oak. Other tree species include Korean pine (…). Pinus koraiensis ), Dahurian larch ( Larix gmelinii ), Yang ( Populus spp.), Mongolian oak ( Quercus mongolica ), linden ( Tilia amurensis ), Manchurian ash ( Fraxinus mandshurica The main soil type is dark brown soil.

[0044] The experiment was conducted at the aforementioned locations, selecting mixed mixed forests (including birch / Mongolian oak / purple oak), Mongolian oak forests, and Korean pine forests. Clearances with canopy closures of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 or higher were chosen, with each plot measuring 10 m × 10 m. Two-year-old Aralia elata seedlings were planted at a density of 1 m × 1 m. A randomized block design with three replicates was used. Survival rate, growth, and yield were assessed on May 15th of the second year after planting to evaluate the optimal forest type and canopy closure.

[0045] The specific method for artificially planting Aralia elata used in this embodiment is as follows: (1) Seed pretreatment Seed source selection and harvesting: Based on the screening in Example 1, the Hulin germplasm with the highest sprout yield and saponin content was selected as the seed source for promotion. Harvesting was carried out in October when the fruit turned black. The harvested seeds were rubbed to remove the pericarp, threshed to remove impurities and shriveled seeds, placed in mesh bags, and stored in a cool, ventilated place for later use.

[0046] Seed treatment: Before the ground freezes in winter, soak the shade-dried seeds in clean water at room temperature for 48 hours. Mix the washed, fine, damp river sand with the seeds at a volume ratio of 3:1, maintain a humidity of 60-70%, put them in a mesh bag and bury them 20 cm deep in the sheltered ground, or freeze them at -20℃ for about 70 days. In northern production, seedlings can be raised in greenhouses for early seedling cultivation or in open fields under arched sheds in late April or early May of the following year. Before sowing, treat the seeds with 50 ppm gibberellin for 24 hours, germinate them at room temperature for one week, and sow when 20% of the seeds show signs of sprouting.

[0047] (2) Selection of seedling raising site and preparation of land for seedbeds Choose a flat, well-drained, loose, and well-aerated slightly acidic or acidic loam soil, and apply 10 kg / m² of well-rotted cow manure during land preparation. 2 Deeply till and prepare the land to a depth of 15-20 cm, then rake and level it before making beds. Generally, raised beds are made along the north-south direction, typically 1.5 m wide and 10-15 cm high, with 40 cm wide walkways between beds for easy work.

[0048] (3) Sowing, seedling raising and seedling management a. Row sowing: Make horizontal furrows on the seedbed with a row spacing of 15 cm, a furrow depth of 2.0 cm, and a furrow width of 5 cm. Evenly sow the seeds, which are thoroughly mixed with river sand, cover with soil, level, and compact. Water thoroughly immediately after sowing. To prevent underground pests, irrigate the soil with a 1000-fold diluted 45% phoxim solution after covering with soil.

[0049] b. Watering: Water in a timely manner from sowing to emergence, and keep the seedbed moist. After emergence, water as needed according to the weather and soil moisture, and keep the seedbed moist but not waterlogged.

[0050] c. Cultivation and weeding: Cultivate and weed promptly after rain or watering.

[0051] (4) Seedling transplanting Two-year-old seedlings cultivated artificially. Transplanted in early April of the following year before the seedlings unfold their leaves. Before transplanting, the seedlings are selected, choosing those that are disease-free and of uniform size, while leaving about 10 cm of root for final planting.

[0052] (5) Planting In mixed mixed forests (birch / Mongolian oak / purple oak), Mongolian oak forests, and Korean pine forests, select forest clearings with canopy closures of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, respectively, with each plot measuring 10 m × 10 m. Understory shrubs must be cleared before planting. Two-year-old seedlings should be selected for planting. The planting density should be 1 m × 1 m. When planting, dig pits 20-30 cm deep and 20-30 cm wide. After planting, compact the soil before or after rain, ensuring the soil moisture content is around 60% at planting time. The soil pH should be around 5.5, soil moisture content around 50% in spring and autumn, and around 60% in summer, organic matter content around 10%, total nitrogen not less than 8.0 g / kg, available nitrogen content not less than 300 mg / kg, and air humidity not less than 50%.

[0053] (6) Post-harvest management and harvesting In the later part of the planting year, large grasses can be mowed with a lawnmower, but herbicides and chemical fertilizers should not be used to avoid environmental pollution. On May 15th of the second year after planting, the survival rate, growth, and yield were investigated.

[0054] Table 2. Effects of different forest types and canopy closures on the growth and yield of Aralia elata.

[0055] Note: Lowercase letters a and b indicate in... P The difference was significant at the <0.05 level.

[0056] As shown in Table 2, when the canopy closure was 0.3, the survival rate, plant height, and sprout yield of different forest types were significantly higher than those of plots with canopy closures of 0.5 and 0.7. Simultaneously, as the canopy closure increased, plant height and yield significantly decreased. This may be because Aralia elata prefers sunlight, and light directly affects the accumulation of photosynthetic products, promoting growth. While the survival rate did not differ significantly between different forest types at canopy closures of 0.3 and 0.5, it was significantly higher than that at canopy closure of 0.7, demonstrating that high canopy closure... Canopy closure is unsuitable for the growth of Aralia elata. When comparing canopy closures of 0.3 and 0.5 within the same forest type, the plant height and sprout yield were significantly higher at 0.3 than at 0.5. Comparing different forest types with the same canopy closure, plant height did not differ significantly, but sprout yield was significantly higher in mixed forests than in Mongolian oak and Korean pine forests at 0.3 canopy closure. This demonstrates that canopy closures below 0.3 are suitable for planting Aralia elata, with mixed forests being the best choice, possibly due to the lower humidity in Mongolian oak forests. Therefore, when selecting forest types for Aralia elata planting, mixed forests with a canopy closure below 0.3 are the optimal choice, followed by Mongolian oak forests.

[0057] Example 3: The effect of different slope aspects on the growth of Aralia elata. The slope aspect of vegetation distribution affects plant light duration, transpiration, and photosynthetic intensity, thus influencing plant survival rate after planting, overwintering in the second year, and growth. Therefore, Aralia elata was planted on the south and north slopes of Mongolian oak forests with a canopy closure of approximately 0.3. Each plot was 10 m × 10 m, planted with two-year-old Aralia elata seedlings at a planting density of 1 m × 1 m. A randomized block design was used with three replicates (see Example 2 for specific artificial planting methods). Survival rate and shoot emergence were investigated in the spring of the third year.

[0058] Survival rate (%) = (Number of surviving plants / Total number of planted plants) × 100%; The rate of shoot withdrawal (%) = (number of shoot withdrawals / total number of branches) × 100%.

[0059] like Figure 5 As shown, the survival rate on the south slope (86%±10.6) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that on the north slope (60.7%±9.7), and the shoot emergence rate (20.3%±4.4) was significantly lower than that on the north slope (58.6%±12.9), indicating that the south slope is more conducive to plant survival and growth.

[0060] Example 4: Effect of different harvesting times on the overwintering rate of Aralia elata in the following year The number of harvests of Aralia elata sprouts affects plant growth and development, as well as the growth period. A short growth period results in insufficient lignification of the branches, impacting overwintering, the rate of shoot emergence the following year, and the overall sprout yield. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of harvesting sprouts once (C1), twice (C2), and three times (C3) on the shoot emergence rate of Aralia elata the following year in Yilan County and Wuying District of Yichun City. Additionally, after the second (C2+M) and third (C3+M) harvests, a treatment was added where one sprout was retained and the remaining lower buds were removed to verify the effect of bud removal on branch lignification.

[0061] Depend on Figure 6 It was found that different harvesting times of Aralia elata buds at both locations significantly affected the winter shoot emergence rate. Harvesting once (C1) had no effect on the following year's shoot emergence rate. Harvesting twice (C2) significantly reduced the shoot emergence rate compared to harvesting once (C1) (96%±2). However, the treatment of harvesting twice plus removing buds below the harvested bud (C2+W) showed no significant difference compared to harvesting once (C1), indicating that after two harvests, removing excess sprouts significantly promoted nutrient accumulation in the remaining shoots, improving lignification and winter survival ability. Harvesting three times (C3) significantly reduced the shoot emergence rate compared to harvesting once (C1) and twice (C2) (10%±2.5). Although the treatment of harvesting three times plus removing sprouts (C3+M) significantly increased the winter shoot emergence rate, the rate remained around (25%±2), still at a very low level. Therefore, harvesting three times is not recommended in production. It is suggested that harvesting twice and removing any sprouting buds is the most suitable production method.

[0062] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for artificially planting Aralia elata, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Seeds of Aralia elata collected from Hulin City, Heilongjiang Province, were planted under forest canopy closure of no more than 0.

3. Harvesting management involved harvesting Aralia elata sprouts 1-2 times a year, and removing any sprouting buds during the harvesting period. The forest was a Mongolian oak forest, or a broad-leaved mixed forest containing birch, Mongolian oak, and purple oak.

2. The artificial cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Seed treatment, selection of seedbed and preparation of seedbed, sowing and seedling raising and seedling management, seedling transplanting and planting, post-planting management and harvesting.

3. The artificial cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific method for seed treatment is as follows: Soak the shade-dried Aralia elata seeds in clean water at room temperature for 40-50 hours; mix the soaked seeds with cleaned fine, moist river sand at a volume ratio of 1:3, maintain a humidity of 60%-70%, put them in a mesh bag and bury them in a sheltered place at a depth of 18-22 cm for stratification treatment, or freeze them at -20℃ for 60-80 days; treat the stratified or frozen seeds with a 50 ppm gibberellin solution for 24 hours before sowing, then germinate them at room temperature for 1 week, and sow them when 20% of the seeds show signs of germination.

4. The artificial cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific methods for selecting the seedling nursery site and preparing the land are as follows: Select a flat, well-drained, loose, and well-aerated site with a pH of 5.0-6.5, preferably slightly acidic or acidic loam; apply well-rotted cow manure during land preparation at a rate of 10 kg / m². 2 Deeply till and prepare the land to a depth of 15-20 cm; after tilling, make beds with a north-south orientation. The beds should be high beds, 1.5 m wide and 10-15 cm high, with walkways between beds 35-45 cm wide.

5. The artificial cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific methods for sowing, seedling raising, and seedling management are as follows: Row sowing: Make furrows on the seedbed with a row spacing of 15 cm, a furrow depth of 2.0 cm, and a furrow width of 5 cm. Evenly scatter the seeds, which are thoroughly mixed with river sand, into the furrows, cover with soil, level, and compact. Immediately after sowing, water thoroughly once. After covering with soil, apply a 1000-fold diluted solution of 45% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate. Watering: Water as needed from sowing until emergence to keep the seedbed moist. After emergence, water as needed according to weather conditions and soil moisture, keeping the seedbed moist but not waterlogged. Cultivation and weeding: Cultivate and weed promptly after rain or watering.

6. The artificial cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific methods for seedling transplanting and planting are as follows: Seedling transplanting: Select artificially cultivated two-year-old seedlings and transplant them in early April of the following year after emergence and before leaf expansion, or in late October of the same year after dormancy. Before transplanting, select seedlings that are free from diseases and pests and are of uniform size, and retain 10 cm of root length. Planting: Select Mongolian oak forests with a canopy closure of no more than 0.3 or mixed broad-leaved forests containing birch, Mongolian oak, and purple oak, with a south-facing or southeast-facing slope. Before planting, remove understory shrubs. The planting density is 1 m × 1 m. Dig a pit with a depth of 20-30 cm and a width of 20-30 cm. Plant before or after rain. After planting, tamp down the soil. The soil moisture content should be maintained at 55-65% at the time of planting.

7. The artificial cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The soil for planting has a pH of 5.0-6.5, a soil moisture content of 50-60%, an organic matter content of 8-12%, a total nitrogen content of not less than 8.0 g / kg, an available nitrogen content of not less than 300 mg / kg, and an air humidity of not less than 50%.

8. The artificial cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific methods for later management and harvesting are as follows: In the first year of planting: use a lawnmower to cut weeds, without using herbicides or chemical fertilizers; In the second year of planting: harvest the terminal buds once in spring, and cut them off 2-5 cm above the second bud; In the third year and thereafter: harvest the sprouts twice in spring. After the second harvest, cut off the harvested portion 2-5 cm above the third bud, and remove the buds below the third bud at the same time; The maximum number of times to harvest sprouts per year is twice; When harvesting stalks in winter for off-season sprout production, retain 2-3 buds at the base of the stalk according to the stalk length, harvest the sprouts once in the spring of the second year, and cut them off 2-5 cm above the second bud.

9. The application of the artificial cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-8 in improving the yield and quality of Aralia elata sprouts, characterized in that, The quality refers to the saponin content of Aralia elata sprouts.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The saponins are triterpenoid glycosides, including Araloside V, Araloside VI and 4-F8.

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