A method for improving quality of yellow persimmon based on carbon-microbe combination and associated cultivation

Abstract

This invention provides a method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe combined cultivation and associated cultivation, belonging to the field of agricultural planting technology. The method includes: applying a carbon-microbe combined compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to the soil before planting the yellow persimmons; selecting onion crops and marigolds as associated crops for co-cultivation with the yellow persimmons during planting; and employing a topping and rejuvenation method for pruning management during the cultivation period. The topping and rejuvenation method involves first using single-stem pruning, and when the main stem produces 3-4 fruit clusters, topping the main stem and reserving the first lateral branch below the inflorescence as a second main stem for continued growth. This method utilizes the carbon-microbe combined system in the compound fertilizer, synergistically combining the multiple effects of associated cultivation and pruning, increasing the microbial diversity of the planting soil, improving plant growth morphology, increasing crop productivity, suppressing pests and diseases, and significantly reducing pesticide use, thereby achieving the goal and effect of improving the yield and quality of yellow persimmons.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and in particular to a method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe combined and associated cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] Wuyuan Yellow Persimmon is a specialty of Wuyuan County, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and a national geographical indication agricultural product. Belonging to the Solanaceae family and the Solanaceae genus, it is a local specialty variety of Wuyuan County. Through the development of a complete industrial chain encompassing variety cultivation, planting and production, deep processing and sales, and brand building, it plays a crucial role in promoting local economic development and increasing farmers' income. This variety has an average fruit weight of about 200-250 grams, a golden color, large size, thick flesh, low water content, a sweet and juicy taste, and is rich in nutrients, containing various vitamins. It can be eaten as a vegetable or fruit, or processed into canned goods and other foods. It has diverse ways of consumption, a unique flavor, and also possesses hemostatic, antihypertensive, diuretic, stomachic, digestive, blood-cooling, and liver-calming effects, making it very popular. In recent years, market demand has surged. Wuyuan yellow persimmons have a certain tolerance to salinity and alkali, but as a local specialty fruit and vegetable (Wuyuan County is mostly saline-alkali land), one of the main problems with open-field cultivation is still the serious problem of soil salinization. The water and fertilizer retention capacity is reduced, and long-term high salinity and alkali environment can easily lead to a decline in soil microbial activity, hindering the decomposition of organic matter, which in turn causes poor root development, reduced lateral roots, and phenomena such as fewer flowers and fruits, smaller fruits, deformities, cavities and reduced yield. They are also susceptible to diseases such as blossom-end rot, resulting in low yields and a lot of room for improvement in quality, which cannot meet the needs of consumers.

[0003] Furthermore, due to the large cultivation area and high year-round market demand for yellow persimmons, continuous cropping is very common. However, because yellow persimmons are intolerant of continuous cropping, this leads to severe obstacles in production. Long-term continuous cropping of yellow persimmons will cause soil nutrient imbalance, a decline in beneficial soil microorganisms, and an increase in pathogen accumulation, resulting in aggravated soil-borne diseases such as bacterial wilt and root-knot nematode disease, hindering persimmon growth and significantly reducing both yield and quality. Although biological pesticides (such as biocontrol agents) are used, their application in production is currently limited due to limitations in application conditions and efficacy. In agricultural production, methods such as grafting with resistant rootstocks and using imported soil are sometimes employed to reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, but these methods are also greatly limited by factors such as operational expertise, limited land area, fixed cultivation facilities, and market and economic interests.

[0004] In addition, the development of specialized fertilizers plays a crucial role in modern agriculture, especially for cash crops like persimmons and tomatoes, whose nutrient requirements during growth are characterized by stages, diversity, and specificity. Therefore, developing specialized fertilizers to meet the nutritional needs of persimmons is particularly important. However, existing specialized fertilizer formulas are fixed and primarily chemical fertilizers. While they can supplement nutrients such as N, P, and K, they do not improve the soil environment and generally suffer from insufficient compatibility with different soil nutrient supply conditions and crop growth and development. This results in low fertilizer efficiency and still affects the yield and quality of persimmon fruit. Therefore, there is still room for improvement in the environmental friendliness and economic efficiency of raw material sources, the comprehensiveness of fertilizer functions, and the optimization of preparation processes for such specialized fertilizers.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a cultivation method that can simultaneously improve the soil micro-ecological environment, effectively control continuous cropping obstacles and pests and diseases, and accurately supply nutrients, thereby comprehensively improving the yield and quality of yellow persimmons. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe combined with associated cultivation, in order to solve the problems existing when yellow persimmons are planted in saline-alkali soils, such as insufficient improvement of soil environment, serious continuous cropping obstacles, increased pathogen resistance, increasing dosage of chemical agents, poor plant growth and development, susceptibility to disease, and low yield and quality.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe combined cultivation and associated cultivation, comprising: 1) applying a carbon-microbe combined compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the soil before planting yellow persimmons; 2) When planting, select onion crops and marigolds as companion crops to cultivate with yellow persimmons; 3) During the cultivation of yellow persimmons, the pruning management is carried out by the method of replacing the top to rejuvenate the branches.

[0008] The method of this invention uses compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer for planting. Utilizing the carbon-microbe combined system, it increases the microbial diversity of the planting soil, improves soil structure and nutrient composition. Based on biodiversity and the chemical ecology principle of interspecific plant interactions, it enhances crop productivity by selecting allium crops and marigolds for co-cultivation with persimmons, effectively controlling continuous cropping obstacles, suppressing pests and diseases, significantly reducing pesticide use and residues, reducing soil pollution, and improving product safety. This provides effective technical support for green vegetable production. Furthermore, pruning improves plant growth morphology, prevents premature aging of persimmons, and extends their harvest period. With the combined use of multiple technical means, the goal of improving the yield and quality of persimmons is achieved.

[0009] Further, the rejuvenation method is as follows: First, single-stem pruning is adopted. When the main stem produces 3-4 fruit clusters, the main stem is topped, and the first lateral branch below the inflorescence is reserved as the second main stem to continue growing. During the rejuvenation process, when the main stem produces 3-4 fruit clusters, it is not allowed to continue growing upwards directly. Instead, a strong lateral branch near the top is selected to replace the main stem as a new growth point to grow upwards. Utilizing this lateral branch for vigorous growth helps prevent premature aging of the plant in the later stages, maintains its growth vigor, and thus extends the harvest period. Different pruning methods have varying degrees of impact on plant growth, fruit yield, and quality. The rejuvenating pruning method combines the advantages of single-stem and double-stem pruning, ensuring early-stage density while utilizing lateral branches to increase later-stage yield or address excessive vegetative growth. Compared with existing techniques such as single-stem pruning (retaining only the main stem, topping after leaving 6 fruit clusters), double-stem pruning (retaining the main stem and the first lateral branch for simultaneous growth), and one-and-a-half-stem pruning (main stem + first lateral branch, leaving 1 fruit cluster before topping), it can significantly increase the number of fruits and fruit yield, resulting in a significant yield increase.

[0010] Further settings indicate that the application rate of compound fertilizer is 150-200 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), applied by deep application across the entire soil layer or by trench application. This compound fertilizer has a high organic content, which can effectively improve soil compaction and is suitable for planting in saline-alkali land. When used as a base fertilizer, it can provide long-lasting nutrients, ensuring improved plant growth and production indicators, and thus contributing to increased yield and quality of persimmons.

[0011] like Figure 1 The method is further configured such that the yellow persimmons are planted using raised bed cultivation to form a cultivation area. The raised beds are 0.2-0.3m high, 0.6-0.7m wide (L), and 0.6-0.8m wide (W), planted in double rows with a plant spacing (S) of 0.50-0.55m. After soaking and germinating the seeds, the yellow persimmons are raised in seedling trays. When the seedlings reach 4 leaves and 1 bud, they are transplanted to the yellow persimmon cultivation area. Except for the steps specified in this invention, the planting of yellow persimmons is the same as conventional methods in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0012] like Figure 1 The planting method is further configured so that marigolds are planted around the perimeter of the persimmon cultivation area, with a plant spacing of 25-30cm and a row spacing of 20-25cm, with 3-4 rows planted on each side. Marigolds and persimmons are cultivated and planted simultaneously. The roots of marigolds can release thiophene compounds, which can inhibit the reproduction and infection of root-knot nematodes. During the flowering period, they attract natural enemies of persimmon pests, achieving an ecological, environmentally friendly, safe, and highly efficient green control effect for disease prevention and control.

[0013] Further, the allium crop is set to scallions. During the co-cultivation process, the root secretions and volatile substances from the above-ground parts of the allium crop are used to promote the healthy growth of persimmon seedlings, increase yield, control diseases and pests, significantly reduce the occurrence of diseases (such as bacterial wilt, blight, gray mold, etc.), and reduce the use of pesticides.

[0014] like Figure 1 Furthermore, when using scallion-associated cultivation, the scallion planting method is as follows: scallions and persimmons are sown in the same holes at the same time using 50-cell trays. Scallion seeds are sown in the same holes outside the persimmon holes. After the seedlings are grown, both scallions and persimmons are transplanted simultaneously, with the scallions also planted outside the persimmon holes. Scallions can use their volatile sulfur compounds to interfere with pest positioning, and co-planting inducing pest resistance. Root exudates can induce persimmons to recruit beneficial soil microorganisms, inhibiting soil-borne diseases. Similarly, the planting and management of scallions are the same as conventional methods in this field, and will not be elaborated here.

[0015] It is important to note that during the companion cultivation period, field management is centered on the yellow persimmon. The onion crops and marigolds planted alongside it are allowed to grow naturally. During the later stages of yellow persimmon production, the companion crops are harvested or removed as needed based on the actual situation. The planting and field management of yellow persimmons are the same as in conventional production. Throughout the cultivation period, the companion crops are allowed to grow alongside the yellow persimmons.

[0016] The compound fertilizer is further configured as follows: It comprises a substrate and microbial components. The substrate consists of the following raw materials and their weight percentages: 30-35 parts well-rotted organic fertilizer, 20-25 parts potassium sulfate-based controlled-release compound fertilizer, and 20-30 parts straw biochar. The microbial components consist of the following raw materials and their weight percentages: 0.2-2 parts *Trichoderma harzianum* powder, 0.4-1 parts *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* powder, and 0.5-1 parts *Bacillus licheniformis* powder. The substrate is a nutrient component formed with carbon-containing organic matter as its core and inorganic matter as an adjunct. Its main function is to improve soil nutrient availability and increase carbon content. The microbial components enhance soil activity and promote nutrient absorption and accumulation in persimmons. The combined application of the substrate and microbial components forms a carbon-microbe integrated system, which combines ecological restoration, long-term nutrient supply, and biological control functions. It can synergistically improve beneficial microbial communities in the soil, enhance root zone soil nutrient cycling, maintain soil health, and reduce the negative impacts of continuous cropping.

[0017] Preferably, the compound fertilizer includes: a base material and a microbial component; the raw materials and their weight parts of the base material are as follows: 30-33 parts of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 20-23 parts of potassium sulfate controlled-release compound fertilizer, and 24-27 parts of straw biochar; the raw materials and their weight parts of the microbial component are as follows: 1-1.5 parts of Trichoderma harzianum powder, 0.8-1 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, and 0.7-0.8 parts of Bacillus licheniformis powder.

[0018] Further, the compound fertilizer also includes functional additives. The raw materials and their weight parts for the functional additives are as follows: 15-20 parts mineral-derived fulvic acid, 1.5-3 parts amino oligosaccharide powder, 10-13 parts sugar alcohol calcium-humate calcium composite granules, 0.5-1 part polyglutamic acid powder, 1.8-2.5 parts diatomaceous earth, and 0.5-3 parts phosphogypsum. These functional additives not only optimize the physical properties and chemical stability of the compound fertilizer, but each raw material can also enhance the fertilizer's ability to supply nutrients to persimmons during their growth stages, ensuring a continuous supply of necessary nutrients; effectively improve the slow-release performance of fertilizer granules; enhance the fertilizer's growth-promoting effect and soil water retention capacity; or improve immunity to viruses and activate the plant's immune system. Through the combined effects of these raw materials, the overall effectiveness of the compound fertilizer is further improved.

[0019] Preferably, the raw materials and their weight parts of the functional additives are as follows: 17-20 parts of mineral fulvic acid, 1.5-2 parts of amino oligosaccharide powder, 10-13 parts of sugar alcohol calcium-humic acid calcium composite granules, 0.5-1 parts of polyglutamic acid powder, 2.1-2.5 parts of diatomaceous earth, and 1.5-3 parts of phosphogypsum.

[0020] In the aforementioned compound fertilizer system formed by carbon-microbe combined functional additives, the components work synergistically to release the effective ingredients and microorganisms in the fertilizer, ensuring a long-term stable supply of nutrients. This improves soil aggregate structure and salinity, reduces soil salinization obstacles, and retains water and fertilizer. The microorganisms also antagonize pathogens in the soil, inhibiting their damage to plants and reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. Compared to chemical fertilizers, compound fertilizers are safe and efficient, solving the problem of insufficient soil environment improvement in saline-alkali soil cultivation using traditional fertilizers. This creates a good ecological environment for the rhizosphere soil of crops, promotes the growth and development of persimmon plants, and makes them less susceptible to diseases, thereby improving the yield and quality of persimmons.

[0021] Further specified, the composted organic fertilizer has a composting degree of ≥90%, and is selected from at least one of composted sheep manure and composted cow manure. The composted organic fertilizer has a loose texture (porosity typically >50%) and slow-release properties. It also contains abundant organic matter and beneficial microorganisms that can improve soil nutrients, alleviate soil compaction, and enhance soil aeration. Furthermore, by using antibiotic-free composted organic fertilizer, it can inhibit soil-borne diseases. This composted organic fertilizer can be homemade or purchased directly.

[0022] Further configured, in the potassium sulfate controlled-release compound fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2O=12-10-20. This compound fertilizer can meet the high nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium requirements of persimmons during their growth, thus maintaining or improving plant nutrition.

[0023] Further specified, the straw biochar includes at least one of sunflower straw biochar and corn straw biochar. Straw biochar has high porosity and adsorption capacity, effectively adsorbing and locking in soil moisture and nutrients. It can be used to improve saline-alkali soils, improve soil physical structure, enhance water and fertilizer retention performance, and also serve as a basic framework, providing a carbon source for microorganisms, a physical habitat, and a salt buffer.

[0024] Further, the effective viable bacteria count in each raw material bacterial powder of the microbial component is set to 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 -2.0×10 12 CFU / g. By compounding suitable microbial powders, not only can the various antibacterial substances contained in the microbial metabolites inhibit the growth and metabolism of pathogens harmful to persimmons in the soil, thus preventing various soil-borne diseases from harming the root system and effectively preventing diseases such as blossom-end rot, and improving the plant's disease resistance, but it can also quickly activate the activity of soil microorganisms, forming a beneficial bacterial environment in the soil, improving soil structure, increasing soil fertility, alleviating continuous cropping obstacles, improving the stress resistance of persimmons, and promoting plant root growth, thereby increasing crop yield and quality.

[0025] Further configured, the weight ratio of sugar alcohol calcium to calcium humate in the sugar alcohol calcium-humate calcium composite granules is 1:1. As a "carrier" of calcium ions, it provides an efficient calcium source and stabilizes water transport, preventing blossom-end rot, improving fruit quality, significantly reducing fruit cracking rate, increasing fruit firmness, sugar content, color uniformity, and marketable fruit rate, extending post-harvest shelf life, and promoting soil aggregate formation, improving aeration and water and fertilizer retention capacity in compacted and saline-alkali soils.

[0026] Further, the method for preparing compound fertilizer includes the following steps: S1: Mix well-rotted organic fertilizer, potassium sulfate controlled-release compound fertilizer, straw biochar, diatomaceous earth, and phosphogypsum evenly to obtain mixed aggregate; S2: Mix mineral-derived fulvic acid and polyglutamic acid powder with 1 / 3 of the above-mentioned mixed raw materials to obtain a premix; S3: Mix Trichoderma harzianum powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Bacillus licheniformis powder with amino oligosaccharide powder and sugar alcohol calcium-humate calcium composite granules, and then mix them evenly with the premix to obtain the active material; S4: Granulate and package the remaining mixed materials to obtain base fertilizer granules; granulate and package the active materials to obtain active synergistic granules; mix the above base fertilizer granules and active synergistic granules when using to obtain compound fertilizer for persimmon cultivation.

[0027] This compound fertilizer employs a segmented mixing and granulation process during preparation, which maximizes the preservation of the activity of bioactive substances. Furthermore, the premixed material serves as a culture medium and carrier for microbial components and active ingredients such as oligosaccharides. Microorganisms and active ingredients are immobilized and adsorbed by the premixed material, and the slow-release effect of the premixed material provides a long-term, continuous supply of nutrients required for plant growth, ensuring improved plant growth and production indicators. It is important to note that the mixing time and intensity between the microbial components and the premix should be short and low, ensuring only uniform distribution, and avoiding prolonged mixing that could affect the activity of the microbial components. This preparation method is simple, uses readily available raw materials, is inexpensive, and the product and its preparation method are easy to promote and readily accepted by growers.

[0028] Further settings include low-temperature extrusion granulation, with granulation and drying temperatures not exceeding 45℃, granulator speed of 150-200 rpm, feeding speed of 10-15 kg / min, and screen aperture not exceeding 5 mm. Granulation via a granulator improves fertilizer granule density and stability, resulting in a more uniform particle size distribution. Low-temperature granulation protects the activity of microorganisms and active ingredients. After cooling to room temperature, the granules are packaged in moisture-proof bags for later use.

[0029] Further, the weight ratio of the base fertilizer granules and the active synergistic granules when mixed is (1-1.5):1. The double-packaging method for compound fertilizer improves its storage performance, and the optimal application effect is achieved when the base fertilizer granules and active synergistic granules are mixed and applied according to the proportions of this invention.

[0030] The method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation provided by this invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: 1) This method utilizes a rejuvenating pruning technique to improve plant growth morphology, prevent premature aging, and extend the harvest period. Simultaneously, based on the chemical ecology principles of interspecific plant interactions, scallions and marigolds are selected as companion crops for cultivation alongside yellow persimmons. This significantly controls soil-borne diseases (such as Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt), constructing a three-dimensional protection system for green production of yellow persimmons: "underground disease control + above-ground insect control + full-process nematode control." This helps reduce pesticide use and residues, improves crop productivity, effectively controls continuous cropping obstacles, and enhances product safety, ultimately achieving the goal of increasing the yield and quality of yellow persimmons.

[0031] 2) This invention utilizes a compound fertilizer formed by the combination of carbon and bacteria, preferably combined with functional additives. Through the cross-integration of organic fertilizer and biochar to improve the soil, and the nutritional supplementation and immune induction of microorganisms and active ingredients, it covers three major aspects: crop nutrition, soil improvement and physiological regulation. This helps yellow persimmons to establish triple resistance to abiotic stress (salt and alkali), fungal invasion and viral invasion under saline-alkali adversity. It can also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, promote root development, and induce the formation of a more developed and dense lateral root system and fibrous roots, so that the root system is more widely and deeply distributed in the soil, thereby driving vigorous growth of the above-ground parts. This achieves the beneficial effects of controlling pesticide use and reducing harm, increasing yield and improving quality, and extending the harvest period in yellow persimmon cultivation.

[0032] 3) Well-rotted organic fertilizer and straw biochar are agricultural waste resources that are utilized in a way that has significant environmental benefits. Their slow-release properties ensure a stable supply of nutrients in the later stages of growth, preventing fruit cracking and deformities caused by rapid changes in water and nutrients. The combination of base materials, microbial components and functional additives in compound fertilizers allows plants to absorb nutrients in a balanced way, which is conducive to the accumulation of photosynthetic products (sugars) and the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as vitamin C. At the same time, it regulates the metabolic rate of organic acids, ultimately resulting in a significant increase in single fruit weight and yield, and forming excellent quality with high sugar, low acid and rich flavor.

[0033] 4) The preparation method of this compound fertilizer adopts a segmented mixing and granulation process, and uses a double-packaging method to maximize the protection of the activity of bioactive substances. Granulation can also improve the density, stability and storage performance of fertilizer particles, making the compound fertilizer easy to implement. In addition, the mixed material serves as a culture medium and carrier for microbial components and active ingredients such as oligosaccharides. Microorganisms and active ingredients are fixed and adsorbed by the mixed material, and the degradation and slow-release effect of the mixed material provides the nutrients required for plant growth in a long-term and continuous manner. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a planting pattern for the co-cultivation of allium crops and marigolds, 1-Yellow persimmon, 2-Marigold, 3-Scallion; Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the test results of growth traits of persimmons treated with different fertilizers; Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the commercial quality of persimmons grown with different fertilizers; Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the firmness and marketable fruit rate of persimmons treated with different fertilizers; Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the ascorbic acid and soluble solids content of persimmons treated with different fertilizers; Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the total sugar, total acid, and sugar-acid ratio of persimmons treated with different fertilizers. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The following examples use conventional instruments and equipment in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available and conform to conventional specifications in the art. Any techniques or conditions not specifically described in the following examples can be performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product instructions.

[0038] It should be noted that, in this invention and the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, concentration, ratio, etc. are all weight concentration, weight ratio, etc., "%" all represent weight percentage, and "parts" all represent weight parts. These are common writing habits used by those skilled in the art, and therefore will not be repeated in this invention.

[0039] As an improvement to the aforementioned implementation, the functional additives also include 0.3-1.5 parts by weight of isopropyl citrate and 0.5-1 parts by weight of isoamyl butyrate. During the compound fertilizer preparation process, isopropyl citrate and isoamyl butyrate are mixed with mineral-derived fulvic acid, polyglutamic acid powder, and mixed aggregates in S2 to obtain a premix. Isopropyl citrate and isoamyl butyrate overlap with other active ingredients on the surface of biochar, filling the gaps between particles during granulation. This increases the binding force and agglomeration within the compound fertilizer particles, resulting in a compact, dense, and stable internal structure. This prevents certain active ingredients in the fertilizer from degrading due to oxidation during storage. After application to the soil, the effective ingredients inside the fertilizer are slowly released, providing a long-lasting effect and contributing to improved soil productivity.

[0040] This invention does not have any special limitations on the source of the raw materials and components; conventional or commercially available products known to those skilled in the art can be used. Specifically, the *Trichoderma harzianum* powder and *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* powder used in the examples were purchased from Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the *Bacillus licheniformis* powder was purchased from Guangzhou Zhenwei Microbial Technology Co., Ltd., with an effective viable count of 10 billion CFU / g for each.

[0041] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. However, it should be understood that the embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0042] The open-field cultivation experiment in this embodiment was conducted in a persimmon industrial park in Bayannur City. The soil nutrient content of the experimental site was 0.096% total nitrogen, 0.8 g / kg total salt (0.08%), 41.6 mg / kg available phosphorus, 180 mg / kg available potassium, 14 g / kg organic matter, 0.8 g / kg total salt, and pH 8.6, which is a slightly saline and strongly alkaline soil. Alkaline environments easily lead to soil structure damage (such as compaction) and reduce the availability of micronutrients (such as iron and zinc), causing nutrient deficiencies. Furthermore, according to the soil nutrient abundance / deficiency indicators, the total nitrogen content was at a medium-low level, the available phosphorus content was at a high level, the available potassium content was at a medium-high level, and the organic matter content was at a medium-low level. In this invention and the embodiments, the seedling raising and transplanting operations of scallions, persimmons, and marigolds can be carried out according to conventional operations in the field, and are not described in detail here nor are they specifically limited.

[0043] Example 1:

[0044] A compound fertilizer includes: a base material, microbial components, and functional additives; the raw materials and their weight parts of the base material are as follows: 33 parts of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 22.5 parts of potassium sulfate-based controlled-release compound fertilizer, and 25 parts of straw biochar; the raw materials and their weight parts of the microbial components are as follows: 1.5 parts of Trichoderma harzianum powder, 1 part of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, and 0.7 parts of Bacillus licheniformis powder; the raw materials and their weight parts of the functional additives are as follows: 18.5 parts of mineral-derived fulvic acid, 2 parts of amino oligosaccharide powder, 12 parts of sugar alcohol calcium-humate calcium composite granules, 0.8 parts of polyglutamic acid powder, 2.2 parts of diatomaceous earth, and 2.3 parts of phosphogypsum.

[0045] Among them, the degree of decomposition of the well-rotted organic fertilizer is ≥90%, and the well-rotted organic fertilizer is well-rotted sheep manure. In the potassium sulfate type controlled-release compound fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2O=12-10-20. The straw biochar is sunflower straw biochar. In the microbial components, the effective viable bacteria count in each raw material powder is ≥200 million CFU / g. In the sugar alcohol calcium-humic acid calcium composite granules, the weight ratio of sugar alcohol calcium to humic acid calcium is 1:1.

[0046] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer includes the following steps: S1: Mix well-rotted organic fertilizer, potassium sulfate controlled-release compound fertilizer, straw biochar, diatomaceous earth, and phosphogypsum evenly to obtain mixed aggregate; S2: Mix mineral-derived fulvic acid and polyglutamic acid powder with 1 / 3 of the above-mentioned mixed raw materials to obtain a premix; S3: Mix Trichoderma harzianum powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Bacillus licheniformis powder with amino oligosaccharide powder and sugar alcohol calcium-humate calcium composite granules, and then mix them evenly with the premix to obtain the active material; S4: Granulate and package the remaining mixed materials to obtain base fertilizer granules; granulate and package the active materials to obtain active synergistic granules; granulation is carried out by low-temperature extrusion granulation, the granulation and drying temperature is not higher than 45℃, the granulator speed is 150rpm, the feeding speed is 10kg / min, and the screen aperture is not higher than 5mm.

[0047] S5: The above-mentioned base fertilizer granules and active synergistic granules are mixed together to obtain a compound fertilizer for persimmon cultivation. The weight ratio of the base fertilizer granules to the active synergistic granules is 1.2:1 when mixed.

[0048] A method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation includes the following steps: 1) Before planting yellow persimmons, apply the above-mentioned compound fertilizer as base fertilizer into the soil at a rate of 200 kg per mu, and apply it deeply throughout the process.

[0049] 2) When planting, select scallions and marigolds as companion crops to cultivate alongside yellow persimmons; scallions and yellow persimmons should be raised in the same holes at the same time, using 50-cell trays. Scallion seeds should be sown in the same holes outside the yellow persimmon holes. After seedling raising, scallions and yellow persimmons should be transplanted simultaneously. Figure 1 When transplanting, scallions are also planted outside the persimmon planting holes. The persimmons are planted using raised beds to create a planting area, with beds 0.3m high, 0.6m wide, and furrows 0.6m wide, planted in double rows with a plant spacing of 0.50m. Marigolds are planted around the perimeter of the persimmon planting area, with a plant spacing of 25cm and a row spacing of 20cm, four rows on each side. Marigolds and persimmons are seedled and transplanted simultaneously.

[0050] 3) During the cultivation of yellow persimmons, a topping and rejuvenation method is adopted for pruning management. Specifically, single-stem pruning is first used. When the main stem produces 4 fruit clusters, the main stem is topped, and the first lateral branch below the inflorescence is reserved in advance as the second main stem to continue growing. Other field management is carried out with yellow persimmons as the center, and the onion crops planted alongside them are allowed to grow naturally.

[0051] Comparative Example 1: A method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation differs from Example 1 only in the following steps: 3) During the cultivation of yellow persimmons, a double-stem pruning method is adopted for pruning management, specifically: retaining the main stem and the first lateral branch to grow simultaneously.

[0052] Comparative Example 2: A method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation differs from Example 1 only in the following steps: 3) During the cultivation of yellow persimmons, the single-stem pruning method is adopted for pruning management. Specifically, only the main stem is retained, and the top is pinched off after 6 fruit clusters are left.

[0053] Comparative Example 3: A method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation differs from Example 1 only in the following steps: 3) During the cultivation of yellow persimmons, the pruning management is carried out by one and a half pruning. Specifically, the main stem and the first lateral branch are retained, and the first lateral branch is pinched off after leaving one cluster of fruit.

[0054] Yellow persimmon planting experiment 1: Four identical experimental plots within the same region were selected as experimental sites. Yellow persimmons were planted in each plot according to the methods described in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3. Protective rows were established around each plot, and all materials were managed uniformly. The variety used in the experiment was Wuyuan Yellow Persimmon. Each experimental plot was 1 mu (approximately 0.16 acres), with 5 rows and 1720 persimmon plants. After soaking and germination, the persimmon seeds were raised in seed trays. Seedlings were transplanted when they reached 4 leaves and 1 bud. Seedlings from the same batch were used for transplanting in each experimental plot. All other planting and management methods were the same across all experimental plots, employing local conventional management practices.

[0055] Growth and yield indicators: Plant height was measured using a measuring tape, and stem diameter was measured using a digital vernier caliper. Single fruit weight: Three mature fruits (reaching commercial maturity) from the second fruit cluster of the plant were selected, and the weight of each fruit was measured using an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.1g. Early-stage yield per mu: The cumulative yield from the beginning of harvest for 15 consecutive days. Total yield per mu: The yield per mu throughout the entire growth period. The results are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3.

[0056] Table 1. Effects of different methods on the plant height of persimmon (unit: cm)

[0057] Table 2. Effects of different methods on stem diameter of persimmon (unit: cm)

[0058] Table 3. Effects of different methods on persimmon yield

[0059] The data in the table show that, in the later stages of growth, single-stem pruning and top-rejuvenation pruning are beneficial for increasing plant height, while single-stem pruning is beneficial for increasing stem diameter. Example 1 had the highest number of fruits per plant, while Comparative Example 2 had the fewest fruits, indicating that top-rejuvenation pruning is more conducive to the fruit setting of yellow persimmons, and the fruit setting capacity of a single plant is better than the pruning methods in other comparative examples.

[0060] Yellow persimmons are indeterminate plants with easily weakened growth. According to the data in Table 3, Comparative Example 2 had a higher early yield and larger fruit, but it was prone to premature aging in the later stages, and the plant aged very quickly. Often, after harvesting 3-4 bunches of fruit, the leaves would turn yellow and the yield would decrease, resulting in the lowest total yield. Comparative Example 1 had a higher total yield than Comparative Example 2, but the two main stems would compete for nutrients, which might exacerbate premature aging. The fruit size was not as good as that of Comparative Example 2, and the early yield was lower. Comparative Example 3 balanced early yield and number of fruits, but the total yield did not reach the highest level. Although Example 1 did not have the highest early yield, the rejuvenating and pruning process extended the harvest period by 10-15 days and increased the later yield. Ultimately, Example 1, which involved rejuvenating and pruning, was the treatment with the optimal yield per acre and the best yield increase effect.

[0061] Example 2:

[0062] A method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation includes the following steps: 1) Before planting yellow persimmons, apply compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to the soil at a rate of 180 kg per mu, and apply it deeply throughout the process.

[0063] 2) During planting, select scallions and marigolds as companion crops to cultivate alongside yellow persimmons. Scallions and yellow persimmons are raised in the same holes at the same time, using 50-cell trays. Scallion seeds are sown in the same holes outside the yellow persimmon holes. After seedling raising, both scallions and yellow persimmons are transplanted simultaneously, with the scallions also planted outside the yellow persimmon holes. Yellow persimmons are planted using raised beds to form a cultivation area, with a bed height of 0.3m, a bed width of 0.6m, and a furrow width of 0.6m. Double rows are planted, with a plant spacing of 0.50m. Marigolds are planted around the perimeter of the yellow persimmon cultivation area, with a plant spacing of 25cm and a row spacing of 20cm, planting 4 rows on each side. Marigolds and yellow persimmons are raised and transplanted simultaneously.

[0064] 3) During the cultivation of yellow persimmons, a topping and rejuvenation method is adopted for pruning management. Specifically, single-stem pruning is used first. When the main stem produces 3 fruit clusters, the main stem is topped, and the first lateral branch below the inflorescence is reserved in advance as the second main stem to continue growing. Other field management is carried out with yellow persimmons as the center, and the onion crops planted alongside them are allowed to grow naturally.

[0065] The compound fertilizer in step 1) includes: base material, microbial components, and functional additives; the raw materials and their weight parts of the base material are as follows: 34 parts of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 25 parts of potassium sulfate controlled-release compound fertilizer, and 29 parts of straw biochar; the raw materials and their weight parts of the microbial components are as follows: 0.5 parts of Trichoderma harzianum powder, 0.5 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, and 1 part of Bacillus licheniformis powder; the raw materials and their weight parts of the functional additives are as follows: 15 parts of mineral-derived fulvic acid, 2.5 parts of amino oligosaccharide powder, 12 parts of sugar alcohol calcium-humate calcium composite granules, 0.8 parts of polyglutamic acid powder, 1.8 parts of diatomaceous earth, and 1 part of phosphogypsum.

[0066] Among them, the degree of decomposition of the well-rotted organic fertilizer is ≥90%, and the well-rotted organic fertilizer is well-rotted sheep manure. In the potassium sulfate type controlled-release compound fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2O=12-10-20. The straw biochar is sunflower straw biochar. In the microbial components, the effective viable bacteria count in each raw material powder is ≥200 million CFU / g. In the sugar alcohol calcium-humic acid calcium composite granules, the weight ratio of sugar alcohol calcium to humic acid calcium is 1:1.

[0067] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer includes the following steps: S1: Mix well-rotted organic fertilizer, potassium sulfate controlled-release compound fertilizer, straw biochar, diatomaceous earth, and phosphogypsum evenly to obtain mixed aggregate; S2: Mix mineral-derived fulvic acid and polyglutamic acid powder with 1 / 3 of the above-mentioned mixed raw materials to obtain a premix; S3: Mix Trichoderma harzianum powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Bacillus licheniformis powder with amino oligosaccharide powder and sugar alcohol calcium-humate calcium composite granules, and then mix them evenly with the premix to obtain the active material; S4: Granulate and package the remaining mixed materials to obtain base fertilizer granules; granulate and package the active materials to obtain active synergistic granules; granulation is carried out by low-temperature extrusion granulation, the granulation and drying temperature is not higher than 45℃, the granulator speed is 200rpm, the feeding speed is 13kg / min, and the screen aperture is not higher than 5mm.

[0068] S5: The above-mentioned base fertilizer granules and active synergistic granules are mixed together to obtain a compound fertilizer for persimmon cultivation. The weight ratio of the base fertilizer granules to the active synergistic granules is 1.5:1 when mixed.

[0069] Comparative Example 4: A method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation differs from Example 1 only in the following steps: 2) When planting, marigolds are selected as a companion crop to be cultivated alongside yellow persimmons, without any onion-like crops. Yellow persimmons are planted using raised beds to form a cultivation area, with a bed height of 0.3m, a bed width of 0.6m, and a furrow width of 0.6m, planted in double rows, with a plant spacing of 0.50m. Marigolds are planted around the perimeter of the yellow persimmon cultivation area, with a plant spacing of 25cm and a row spacing of 20cm, with 4 rows planted on each side. Marigolds and yellow persimmons are raised and transplanted simultaneously.

[0070] Comparative Example 5: A method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation differs from Example 1 only in the following steps: 2) When planting, yellow persimmons grow alone without any companion crops; the planting of yellow persimmons adopts ridge cultivation to form a yellow persimmon cultivation area, with a ridge height of 0.3m, a ridge surface width of 0.6m, a ridge furrow width of 0.6m, double-row planting, and a plant spacing of 0.50m between yellow persimmons.

[0071] Yellow persimmon planting experiment two: Four identical experimental plots in the same region were selected as experimental plots. Yellow persimmons were planted according to the methods of Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5, respectively. Each experimental plot was 1 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), and the planting and management methods were the same as in Experiment 1. During the planting period, when diseases occurred, the fungicide mancozeb (80% active ingredient) was applied at a rate of 150g per mu, diluted 500 times. When pests occurred, the insecticide imidacloprid (10% active ingredient) was applied at a rate of 50g per mu, diluted 2000 times. Disease incidence, infestation rate, and total pesticide application were statistically recorded. Infestation rate % = number of infested plants / total number of planted plants × 100%; Disease incidence rate % = number of diseased plants / total number of planted plants × 100%; Average number of root knots = total number of root knots / total number of plants investigated (20 plants were randomly selected from the same location in each experimental plot). The results are shown in Table 4.

[0072] Table 4. Effects of different methods on pest and disease control in persimmon.

[0073] The data in the table above show that both Example 1 and Example 2 exhibited better disease and pest control effects. Considering the total amount of pesticide used, Example 1 performed slightly better than Example 2. The results of Comparative Example 4 indicate that marigolds can also provide some isolation and protection on their own, inhibiting root-knot nematode infection. Therefore, it is evident that using onion crops and marigolds in co-cultivation significantly reduces the frequency and total amount of pesticide application while controlling diseases and pests.

[0074] Example 3: A method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation differs from Example 1 only in the following steps: 1) Before planting yellow persimmons, apply compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to the soil at a rate of 200 kg per mu, and apply it deeply throughout the process.

[0075] This compound fertilizer includes: base material, microbial components, and functional additives; the raw materials and their weight parts of the base material are as follows: 33 parts of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 22.5 parts of potassium sulfate controlled-release compound fertilizer, and 25 parts of straw biochar; the raw materials and their weight parts of the microbial components are as follows: 1.5 parts of Trichoderma harzianum powder, 1 part of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, and 0.7 parts of Bacillus licheniformis powder; the raw materials and their weight parts of the functional additives are as follows: 18.5 parts of mineral-derived fulvic acid, 2 parts of amino oligosaccharide powder, 12 parts of sugar alcohol calcium-humic acid calcium composite granules, 0.8 parts of polyglutamic acid powder, 2.2 parts of diatomaceous earth, 2.3 parts of phosphogypsum, 1.2 parts of isopropyl citrate, and 0.8 parts of isoamyl butyrate.

[0076] Among them, the degree of decomposition of the well-rotted organic fertilizer is ≥90%, and the well-rotted organic fertilizer is well-rotted sheep manure. In the potassium sulfate type controlled-release compound fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2O=12-10-20. The straw biochar is sunflower straw biochar. In the microbial components, the effective viable bacteria count in each raw material powder is ≥200 million CFU / g. In the sugar alcohol calcium-humic acid calcium composite granules, the weight ratio of sugar alcohol calcium to humic acid calcium is 1:1.

[0077] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer includes the following steps: S1: Mix well-rotted organic fertilizer, potassium sulfate controlled-release compound fertilizer, straw biochar, diatomaceous earth, and phosphogypsum evenly to obtain mixed aggregate; S2: Mix mineral-derived fulvic acid, polyglutamic acid powder, isopropyl citrate and isoamyl butyrate with 1 / 3 of the above-mentioned mixed raw materials to obtain a premix; S3: Mix Trichoderma harzianum powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Bacillus licheniformis powder with amino oligosaccharide powder and sugar alcohol calcium-humate calcium composite granules, and then mix them evenly with the premix to obtain the active material; S4: Granulate and package the remaining mixed materials to obtain base fertilizer granules; granulate and package the active materials to obtain active synergistic granules; granulation is carried out by low-temperature extrusion granulation, the granulation and drying temperature is not higher than 45℃, the granulator speed is 150rpm, the feeding speed is 10kg / min, and the screen aperture is not higher than 5mm.

[0078] S5: The above-mentioned base fertilizer granules and active synergistic granules are mixed together to obtain a compound fertilizer for persimmon cultivation. The weight ratio of the base fertilizer granules to the active synergistic granules is 1.2:1 when mixed.

[0079] Example 4: A method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation differs from Example 1 only in the following steps: 1) Before planting yellow persimmons, apply compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to the soil at a rate of 200 kg per mu, and apply it deeply throughout the process.

[0080] This compound fertilizer includes: base material and microbial components, but does not contain functional additives; the raw materials and their weight parts of the base material are as follows: 33 parts of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 22.5 parts of potassium sulfate controlled-release compound fertilizer, and 25 parts of straw biochar; the raw materials and their weight parts of the microbial components are as follows: 1.5 parts of Trichoderma harzianum powder, 1 part of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, and 0.7 parts of Bacillus licheniformis powder.

[0081] Among them, the degree of decomposition of the mature organic fertilizer is ≥90%, and the mature organic fertilizer is mature sheep manure. In the potassium sulfate type controlled-release compound fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2O=12-10-20. The straw biochar is sunflower straw biochar. In the microbial components, the effective viable bacteria count in each raw material powder is ≥200 million CFU / g.

[0082] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer includes the following steps: S1: Mix well-rotted organic fertilizer, potassium sulfate controlled-release compound fertilizer, and straw biochar evenly to obtain mixed feed; S2: Mix Trichoderma harzianum powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Bacillus licheniformis powder with 1 / 3 of the above mixed materials to obtain the active material; S3: Granulate and package the remaining mixed materials to obtain base fertilizer granules; granulate and package the active materials to obtain active synergistic granules; granulation is carried out by low-temperature extrusion granulation, the granulation and drying temperature is not higher than 45℃, the granulator speed is 150rpm, the feeding speed is 10kg / min, and the screen aperture is not higher than 5mm.

[0083] S4: The above-mentioned base fertilizer granules and active synergistic granules are mixed together to obtain a compound fertilizer for persimmon cultivation. The weight ratio of the base fertilizer granules to the active synergistic granules is 1.2:1 when mixed.

[0084] Comparative Example 6: A method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation differs from Example 1 only in the following steps: 1) Before planting yellow persimmons, a commercially available compound fertilizer was applied to the soil as base fertilizer at a rate of 200 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), and deep application was carried out throughout the planting process. The commercially available compound fertilizer was a mixture of diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate from Lop Nur, with a weight ratio of 2:1.

[0085] Comparative Example 7: A method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation differs from Example 1 only in the following steps: 1) Before planting yellow persimmons, a commercially available compound fertilizer was applied to the soil as base fertilizer at a rate of 200 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), and deep application was carried out throughout the planting process. The commercially available compound fertilizer was a mixture of diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate from Lop Nur, with a weight ratio of 2:1.

[0086] 2) When planting, yellow persimmons grow alone without any companion crops; the planting of yellow persimmons adopts ridge cultivation to form a yellow persimmon cultivation area, with a ridge height of 0.3m, a ridge surface width of 0.6m, a ridge furrow width of 0.6m, double-row planting, and a plant spacing of 0.50m between yellow persimmons.

[0087] Yellow persimmon planting experiment three: Five identical experimental plots in the same region were selected as experimental sites. Yellow persimmons were planted according to the methods of Example 1, Example 3, Example 4, Comparative Example 6, and Comparative Example 7, respectively. Protective rows were set up around each experimental plot, and all materials were managed uniformly. Each experimental plot was 1 mu (approximately 0.16 acres), and the planting, management, and pest and disease control methods were the same as in Experiment 2.

[0088] 1. Soil nutrient testing During the persimmon harvest season, soil samples were collected from the 0-30cm soil layer at each experimental plot using a grid method (20m×20m). Five to ten mixed samples were taken from each sampling point to ensure consistency within the block. Soil pH, organic matter content, total salt content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were measured.

[0089] 2. Growth and yield indicators: After harvest, plant height, stem diameter, single fruit weight, and yield per acre were measured in the same manner as in Experiment 1. The longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of the fruit were measured with digital vernier calipers, and the fruit shape index was calculated.

[0090] 3. Product quality indicators Fruit firmness: During the ripening period of the second cluster of fruits, 5 plants were randomly sampled, and 3 fruits were selected from each plant. Three points were selected on the shoulder and the middle of the side of each fruit, and the firmness was measured using a GY-4 digital display fruit firmness tester. The average value was taken.

[0091] The method for testing the marketable fruit yield is: National Standard GB / T8855-2025 "Sampling Methods for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables".

[0092] 4. Nutritional quality determination Three uniformly sized, disease-free, and healthy mature fruits were selected from the third fruit cluster for the determination of nutritional quality indicators. The results were repeated three times, with 15 fruits selected for each variety, and the average value was taken. Soluble solids content, total acid content, ascorbic acid content, total sugar content, and sugar-acid ratio were measured.

[0093] Experimental Results and Analysis 1. Effects of different fertilizers on the traits of persimmon plants Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the test results of growth traits in persimmons treated with different fertilizers. The plant height and stem diameter reflect the growth trajectory of the persimmon. Generally, the thicker the stem and the taller the plant, the better its development. As shown in the diagram, the plants in the examples (especially Example 3) were the most robust, significantly superior to the comparative examples, indicating that the compound fertilizer in these examples effectively promoted vegetative growth and enhanced plant vigor.

[0094] 2. The effects of different fertilizers on the yield of yellow persimmons are shown in Table 5.

[0095] Table 5

[0096] As shown in Table 5, the single fruit weight of each embodiment is higher than that of the comparative example, and the yield change trend is basically consistent with the single fruit weight. The single fruit weight and yield of Example 3 are the best, indicating that the compound fertilizer of the embodiment can significantly increase the yield per unit area by increasing the single fruit weight. The results of Example 4 are not good, which shows the important role of functional additives. Example 3 is significantly better than Example 1 and Example 4, and is more beneficial to increasing the income of growers.

[0097] 3. The effects of different fertilizers on the commercial quality of yellow persimmons Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the commercial quality of persimmon fruits treated with different fertilizers. Fruit commercial quality is a major factor influencing consumer choice in the market and also affects the intrinsic quality to a certain extent. As shown in the diagram, the fruits in all examples have relatively large transverse and longitudinal diameters, resulting in larger fruit shapes. The fruit shape index remains stable at 0.89-0.91, indicating that the examples promote uniform fruit enlargement and maintain the inherent shape of the variety, with Example 3 exhibiting the best fruit quality. According to the "Tomato Germplasm Resource Description Specification and Data Standards," a fruit shape index within the range of 0.86-1.0 indicates a round fruit.

[0098] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the firmness and marketable fruit rate of persimmons treated with different fertilizers. Firmness is a key factor in the storage and transportation of persimmons, facilitating post-harvest storage and transport. The marketable fruit rate is also a crucial factor affecting the market profitability of persimmons. As shown in the diagram, the firmness and marketable fruit rate of the fruits in each example are significantly higher than those in the comparative example. The firmness of Example 3 is lower than that of Example 1, possibly due to the larger fruit size leading to a decrease in firmness per unit volume. However, the marketable fruit rate of Example 3 is significantly higher than that of Example 1, indicating better overall fruit integrity. The increased marketable fruit rate is a more critical profitability indicator.

[0099] 4. Effects of different fertilizers on the nutritional quality of yellow persimmons Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the ascorbic acid and soluble solids content of persimmons treated with different fertilizers. Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the results of total sugar, total acid, and sugar-acid ratio in persimmons treated with different fertilizers. As shown in the diagram, each example significantly improved the internal quality of the fruit. The sugar-acid ratio is generally considered a reference standard for judging the taste of persimmons; a higher sugar-acid ratio indicates a better taste, while a lower ratio indicates a worse taste. Examples 1 and 3 showed better performance in all indicators than their comparative counterparts. Soluble solids contain various substances such as sugar, acid, and vitamins. Although the soluble solids content in Example 3 was lower than in Example 1, the sugar content was higher and the acidity was lower, resulting in better total sugar content and sugar-acid ratio than Example 1, leading to a better sensory experience when consumed.

[0100] 5. The effects of different fertilizers on the physicochemical properties of soil for yellow persimmon cultivation are shown in Table 6.

[0101] Table 6

[0102] As shown in the table above, functional additives can improve the decomposition and transformation of organic matter in the soil, thereby increasing the organic matter content. They can also synergistically improve soil structure with the adsorption and salt-reducing effects of biochar, effectively reducing soil salinization and achieving efficient nutrient conversion. Compared with Example 1, the compound fertilizer in Example 3 did not significantly improve the soil's physicochemical properties. Overall, compared with the control group, the different examples were more effective in alleviating soil salinity, promoting persimmon plant growth, increasing yield, improving fruit marketability, and enhancing fruit nutritional quality and flavor. They achieved a synergistic improvement in both yield and quality of persimmons, demonstrating the best overall effect in reducing salinization, increasing organic matter, and maintaining nutrient balance.

[0103] It should be noted that some detailed steps of the operation are not described in this invention, but are prior art known to those skilled in the art, and therefore will not be repeated here. Furthermore, in this invention, all features defined in the form of numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as numerical values, quantities, contents, and concentrations, are for the sake of simplicity and convenience only. Accordingly, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered as covering and specifically disclosing all possible secondary ranges and individual numerical values ​​(including integers and fractions) within those ranges.

[0104] It should be noted that the detailed structure of some devices is not described in this invention, but is prior art known to those skilled in the art, and therefore will not be elaborated here. In this invention, structures and devices not specifically limited can be purchased commercially, and those skilled in the art only need to install and operate them according to the accompanying instruction manual, without requiring any creative effort from those skilled in the art.

[0105] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. In this invention, not all possible combinations of the various technical features in each embodiment or implementation are described. As long as the combinations of these technical features do not contradict each other, the various technical features in each embodiment or implementation can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered within the scope of this specification. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation, characterized in that, include: 1) Before planting yellow persimmons, apply carbon-bacteria combined compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to the soil; 2) When planting, select onion crops and marigolds as companion crops to cultivate with yellow persimmons; 3) During the cultivation of yellow persimmons, pruning management is carried out by replacing the tops to rejuvenate the branches; The method of rejuvenating the plant is as follows: first, single-stem pruning is adopted. When the main stem grows 3-4 fruit spikes, the main stem is topped and the first lateral branch under the inflorescence is reserved in advance as the second main stem to continue to grow.

2. The method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe combined and associated cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application rate of the compound fertilizer is 150-200 kg per mu, and the application method is deep application of the whole layer or trench application.

3. The method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The yellow persimmons are planted using raised bed cultivation to form a cultivation area. The raised bed is 0.2-0.3m high, 0.6-0.7m wide, and the furrow is 0.6-0.8m wide. They are planted in double rows, with a plant spacing of 0.50-0.55m.

4. The method for improving the quality of persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The marigolds are planted around the yellow persimmon cultivation area, with a plant spacing of 25-30cm and a row spacing of 20-25cm. 3-4 rows are planted on each side. The marigolds and yellow persimmons are raised and planted at the same time.

5. The method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe combined and associated cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The allium crop in question is scallion.

6. The method for improving the quality of persimmons based on carbon-microbe co-cultivation and associated cultivation according to claim 5, characterized in that, When using the above-mentioned scallion-associated cultivation, the scallion is planted as follows: scallions and persimmons are raised in the same hole at the same time, using 50-cell trays. Scallion seeds are sown in the same hole outside the persimmon hole. After the seedlings are raised, the scallions and persimmons are transplanted at the same time, with the scallions also planted outside the persimmon hole.

7. A method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe combined and associated cultivation according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The compound fertilizer comprises: a base material and microbial components; the raw materials and their weight parts of the base material are as follows: 30-35 parts of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 20-25 parts of potassium sulfate controlled-release compound fertilizer, and 20-30 parts of straw biochar; the raw materials and their weight parts of the microbial components are as follows: 0.2-2 parts of Trichoderma harzianum powder, 0.4-1 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, and 0.5-1 parts of Bacillus licheniformis powder.

8. The method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe combined and associated cultivation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The degree of decomposition of the organic fertilizer is ≥90%, and the decomposition organic fertilizer is selected from at least one of decomposition sheep manure and decomposition cow manure; the straw biochar includes at least one of sunflower straw biochar and corn straw biochar.

9. A method for improving the quality of yellow persimmons based on carbon-microbe combined and associated cultivation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The compound fertilizer also includes functional additives, the raw materials and their weight parts of the functional additives are as follows: 15-20 parts of mineral humic acid, 1.5-3 parts of amino oligosaccharide powder, 10-13 parts of sugar alcohol calcium-humic acid calcium composite granules, 0.5-1 parts of polyglutamic acid powder, 1.8-2.5 parts of diatomaceous earth, and 0.5-3 parts of phosphogypsum.

10. The method for improving the quality of persimmons based on carbon-microbe combined and associated cultivation according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the sugar alcohol calcium-humate calcium composite particles, the weight ratio of sugar alcohol calcium to humate calcium is 1:1.

Images