Self-closing fireproof rescue capsule

Abstract

The application discloses a self-closing fireproof lifesaving cabin and belongs to the field of building safety protection. In view of the problems of difficulty in escaping and rescuing in high-rise building fire, the application provides a closed refuge device integrating passive heat insulation, active temperature control and life maintenance. A five-layer composite cabin body is adopted to realize efficient passive heat insulation; a pure mechanical metal knife edge plastic deformation sealing system is designed to ensure that the cabin is completely isolated from the outside under high temperature; a "refrigerating machine + phase change heat storage plate" combination is innovatively adopted to convert personnel metabolic heat into phase change material storage, so that the temperature rise problem of the closed space is solved; a life maintenance system integrating oxygen detection compensation and air filtration and an external high-brightness position indication system are integrated. The application realizes that personnel can take refuge in place in fire and is completely isolated from the outside, and the life is maintained for at least 24 hours by relying on the internal system, so that a fundamental solution is provided for personnel survival and rescue in high-rise building fire.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of building safety protection technology, specifically to a self-closing fire-resistant life-saving capsule. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the number of high-rise and super high-rise buildings has surged, making fire prevention and emergency rescue a global challenge. Once a fire breaks out in a high-rise building, it often faces the dual dilemma of "external rescue equipment being difficult to reach and internal evacuation routes being easily blocked," resulting in an extremely high risk of casualties. Specifically, existing technologies and solutions have the following insurmountable shortcomings:

[0003] First, evacuation routes are highly risky. High-rise buildings have large vertical distances, making evacuation via traditional staircases extremely time-consuming. During a fire, stairwells, as the main evacuation routes, are easily filled with high-temperature, toxic smoke due to the "chimney effect," causing people to suffocate or be burned by inhaling smoke while descending. At the same time, the risk of stampedes in a state of panic is extremely high, resulting in very low evacuation efficiency. Even if some people reach a safe exit, they may be unable to continue descending due to fire blocking their way.

[0004] Secondly, external rescue is extremely difficult. Existing fire ladders and high-pressure water cannons have limited lifting height, typically insufficient to cover buildings over 100 meters tall. Even when rescuers enter the building, they must search and rescue layer by layer in harsh environments of dense smoke, high temperatures, and power outages. The search area is vast, the working environment complex, making it difficult to accurately locate and rescue all trapped individuals within the critical rescue time. During a fire, extremely low visibility and disrupted communication further prolong rescue time. Federated learning enables distributed model training across multiple clients, where clients only share model parameters without uploading local raw data, offering a solution for protecting data privacy. However, it assumes all samples are independent, ignoring the relationships between samples. This can cause the model to lose crucial information, resulting in weak feature transfer capabilities.

[0005] Third, existing refuge facilities have significant limitations. Currently, refuge floors in some buildings are typically located in the middle or top of the building, requiring trapped individuals to traverse the fire zone to reach them, posing an extremely high risk. Some commercially available home fire-resistant refuge devices, such as refuge rooms constructed from fire-resistant panels and flexible curtains, or fire-resistant shelters made of multi-layered panels, have limited structural strength and sealing, making them unable to withstand extreme high temperatures for extended periods. Furthermore, they are mostly passive insulation, lacking effective active internal environment regulation capabilities, and cannot address the issues of heat accumulation and oxygen consumption caused by metabolic heat generation in confined spaces. In addition, some existing technologies use pipes to transport oxygen from the outside to the inside, but these pipes are highly susceptible to failure or damage due to high temperatures during a fire, leading to toxic gases flowing back into the cabin, which actually increases the danger. In conclusion, high-rise building fires urgently require an ultimate refuge facility that can be installed at the user end, possesses complete physical isolation capabilities, and actively maintains an internal survival environment to fill the gap in the existing escape system regarding "on-site refuge." Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main objective of this application is to provide a self-closing fireproof life-saving capsule, comprising:

[0007] The cabin consists of a cabin seat and a cabin cover. The cabin wall is a multi-layer composite structure, which includes, from the outside to the inside, a basalt fiber outer layer, a first reinforcing plate, a boron nitride aerogel insulation layer, a second reinforcing plate, and a silver plating layer.

[0008] The purely mechanical sealing system includes a turntable installed on the hatch cover, a chain linked to the turntable, a high-melting-point metal blade set on the edge of the hatch cover, and a corresponding blade groove set on the hatch seat; by rotating the turntable to tighten the chain, the hatch cover is driven to press against the hatch seat, so that the high-melting-point metal blade cuts into and plastically deforms in the blade groove to form a physical seal;

[0009] An active thermal management system includes a chiller and a phase change heat storage plate attached to the hot end of the chiller; the phase change heat storage plate is encapsulated with a phase change material for absorbing waste heat generated by the operation of the chiller.

[0010] The life support system includes an oxygen tank integrated into the bottom of the cabin, which is equipped with an oxygen concentration sensor, an oxygen supply unit, and an air filter unit with activated carbon and solid amines attached to its inner wall.

[0011] The emergency positioning system includes high-brightness signal lights installed on the outer wall of the cabin, an independent power supply, and a controller. The controller controls the signal lights to emit intermittent strong light signals at a preset frequency after the life capsule is manually activated.

[0012] In one embodiment, the cross-sectional dimension of the high-melting-point metal blade is slightly larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the blade groove, with a dimension ratio of 1.1:1 to 1.2:1, to ensure that the metal blade undergoes sufficient plastic deformation under locking pressure to fill the gap in the blade groove.

[0013] In one embodiment, the phase change heat storage plate includes a thermally conductive metal shell, in which a solid-liquid phase change material is encapsulated, and an expansion space is reserved inside the shell to accommodate the liquid phase expansion of the phase change material.

[0014] In one embodiment, the phase change material is sodium acetate trihydrate, or an alternative phase change material with an equivalent latent heat value.

[0015] In one embodiment, the cooling capacity of the chiller and the heat storage capacity of the phase change heat storage plate in the active thermal management system are designed to match the rated number of personnel in the cabin and their total metabolic heat generation within 24 hours.

[0016] In one embodiment, the rated number of personnel is two adult males, the cooling capacity of the refrigeration unit is configured to be 240W-500W, and the total heat storage capacity of the phase change heat storage plate is configured to be no less than 27.6MJ, so as to maintain the cabin temperature within a suitable range for human beings for 24 hours.

[0017] In one embodiment, the oxygen supply unit includes at least two high-pressure oxygen cylinders, which are connected by a pipeline and equipped with a switching valve to realize the switching of oxygen supply between the main and backup cylinders.

[0018] In one embodiment, the emergency positioning system is independently powered and automatically controls the high-brightness indicator lights to emit intermittent strong light signals at a preset frequency after the life capsule is manually activated.

[0019] In one embodiment, the internal dimensions of the cabin are 1300mm-1500mm in length, 800mm-1000mm in width, and 800mm-1000mm in height, with an overall cabin wall thickness of 80mm-120mm, capable of accommodating at least two adults in a knee-hugging position for safety.

[0020] In one embodiment, the hatch is located on the top or side of the cabin, and its outer surface is provided with a manual opening mechanism. The manual opening mechanism is connected to the turntable for driving and is used to open the hatch from the inside in an emergency.

[0021] Therefore, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. Ultra-high reliability in extreme environments: Employing purely mechanical locking and plastic deformation sealing, the risk of electronic component failure at high temperatures is completely avoided, ensuring the absolute airtightness of the hatch in a fire. The five-layer composite bulkhead structure, through a multi-level thermal protection mechanism of "reflection-blocking-absorption," effectively resists external heat flows exceeding 1000℃, maintaining the internal temperature within a tolerable range for extended periods.

[0023] 2. A revolutionary thermal balance solution: A pioneering internal circulation thermal management system combining mechanical refrigeration and phase change heat storage. By storing waste heat as latent heat in phase change materials, it cleverly solves the physical problem of heat loss in enclosed spaces. Calculations show that only about 115 kg of sodium acetate trihydrate phase change material is needed to completely absorb the total heat generated by two adults in 24 hours (approximately 27.6 MJ), making it technically feasible without occupying excessive cabin space.

[0024] 3. True Survival Guarantee: The cabin is not connected to the outside world by any physical pipes, fundamentally eliminating the risk of pipe failure or toxic gas backflow under high temperatures. Independent dual-system oxygen supply and chemical filtration ensure autonomy and safety in oxygen supply and air quality within the cabin, without relying on external power or gas supply.

[0025] 4. Significantly Improved Rescue Efficiency: The external high-brightness signal lights provide firefighters with clear visual guidance in dense smoke and darkness, transforming a carpet search into precise location, greatly shortening rescue time and increasing the chances of survival for trapped personnel. Simultaneously, the continuously stable living environment inside the cabin provides ample time for rescue operations.

[0026] 5. Wide applicability and scalability: This application can be sized to suit different apartment layouts in high-rise buildings, and its volume can be further reduced by replacing the phase change material, such as using composite materials with higher latent heat. Its structure is simple, manufacturing costs are controllable, and it is easy to promote and install in new or existing high-rise buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a complete schematic diagram of the fireproof cabin in the embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the fireproof compartment in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of the fireproof compartment cover and chain in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the metal blade edge of the fireproof compartment sealing system in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a dual-system oxygen tank in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a refrigerator that uses phase change materials to absorb waste heat in an embodiment of this application.

[0034] The markings in the diagram are: 1. Turntable; 2. Hatch cover; 3. Chain; 4. Hatch seat; 5. Oxygen tank; 6. Air filter unit; 7. High-pressure oxygen cylinder; 8. Refrigeration unit as a whole; 9. Refrigeration unit body; 10. Phase change heat storage plate; 11. Sealing auxiliary strip; 12. High melting point metal knife; 13. Metal knife groove. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0037] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a self-closing fire-resistant life-saving capsule, including a capsule body, a purely mechanical sealing system, an active thermal management system, a life support system, and an emergency positioning system.

[0038] The cabin consists of a seat and a canopy. The cabin wall is a multi-layered composite structure, consisting of, from the outside in: a basalt fiber outer layer for initial fireproofing and heat insulation; a first reinforcing plate for structural support; a boron nitride aerogel insulation layer as the core insulation material, which has extremely low thermal conductivity and excellent high-temperature stability; a second reinforcing plate to further enhance structural strength; and a silver plating layer for reflecting residual infrared radiation to further reduce heat conduction.

[0039] The purely mechanical sealing system includes a turntable mounted on the hatch cover, a chain linked to the turntable, high-melting-point metal blades arranged circumferentially along the edge of the hatch cover, and corresponding blade grooves on the hatch seat. When closing the hatch cover, the chain is tightened by manually rotating the turntable, continuously pressing the hatch cover against the hatch seat. The immense mechanical force causes the high-melting-point metal blades to cut into the blade grooves and undergo irreversible plastic deformation, tightly filling all the microscopic gaps in the blade grooves, achieving an absolute gas seal. This design completely avoids the risk of electronic components failing at high temperatures, ensuring the reliability of the seal.

[0040] The active thermal management system includes a miniature DC chiller and a phase change heat storage plate attached to the hot end (condenser side) of the chiller. The phase change heat storage plate is encapsulated with phase change material. When the chiller is operating, the heat absorbed from the cabin air, along with the heat converted from the compressor's own power consumption, ultimately converges at the hot end and is absorbed by the phase change material within the heat storage plate, converting it into latent heat of phase change from the material's melting point and storing it. In this way, the heat within the sealed space is effectively solidified, preventing a continuous rise in temperature.

[0041] The life support system is integrated into an oxygen tank located at the bottom of the cabin. This oxygen tank includes an oxygen concentration sensor, an oxygen replenishment unit consisting of at least two high-pressure oxygen cylinders, and an air filtration unit with activated carbon and solid amines attached to its inner walls. The activated carbon adsorbs trace amounts of toxic gases brought in by personnel, while the solid amines chemically adsorb carbon dioxide exhaled by personnel. The oxygen concentration sensor monitors the oxygen content inside the cabin in real time, automatically opening the oxygen cylinder valves to replenish the oxygen when the concentration falls below a safe threshold, ensuring that the oxygen concentration is maintained between 19.5% and 21%.

[0042] The emergency positioning system includes high-brightness signal lights mounted on the outer wall of the capsule and powered by an independent power source. Once activated, the signal lights automatically emit strong flashes at a set frequency, providing clear visual guidance for rescuers in dense smoke and darkness, enabling rapid location.

[0043] This application provides a self-closing fireproof life-saving capsule, referring to... Figure 1 .

[0044] The cabin consists of a cabin seat and a cabin cover. The cabin wall is a multi-layer composite structure, which includes, from the outside to the inside, a basalt fiber outer layer, a first reinforcing plate, a boron nitride aerogel insulation layer, a second reinforcing plate, and a silver plating layer.

[0045] The purely mechanical sealing system includes a turntable installed on the hatch cover, a chain linked to the turntable, a high-melting-point metal blade set on the edge of the hatch cover, and a corresponding blade groove set on the hatch seat; by rotating the turntable to tighten the chain, the hatch cover is driven to press against the hatch seat, so that the high-melting-point metal blade cuts into and plastically deforms in the blade groove to form a physical seal;

[0046] An active thermal management system includes a chiller and a phase change heat storage plate attached to the hot end of the chiller; the phase change heat storage plate is encapsulated with a phase change material for absorbing waste heat generated by the operation of the chiller.

[0047] The life support system includes an oxygen tank integrated into the bottom of the cabin, which is equipped with an oxygen concentration sensor, an oxygen supply unit, and an air filter unit with activated carbon and solid amines attached to its inner wall.

[0048] The emergency positioning system includes high-brightness signal lights installed on the outer wall of the cabin, an independent power supply, and a controller. The controller controls the signal lights to emit intermittent strong light signals at a preset frequency after the life capsule is manually activated.

[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment, to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is only used to explain this application and does not constitute any form of limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 This application provides a self-closing fire-resistant life-saving capsule, which has an overall approximately flat box-like structure and is mainly composed of two parts: a seat 4 and a cover 2. The cover 2 is located on top of the seat 4, and the two are connected by a hinge, allowing it to rotate around the hinge axis to open and close. In this embodiment, the capsule's external dimensions are designed to be 1400mm long, 1000mm wide, and 900mm high, with an overall wall thickness of approximately 100mm. The internal space can accommodate two adult males entering in a knee-hugging position. Of course, the opening direction of the cover 2 can also be designed as a side-opening type according to the building layout to adapt to the space constraints of different apartment types.

[0051] The bulkhead employs a multi-layered composite structure, comprising, from the outside in: a basalt fiber outer cladding layer, a first reinforcing plate, a boron nitride aerogel insulation layer, a second reinforcing plate, and a silver plating layer. The basalt fiber outer cladding layer is made of basalt fiber cloth with a thickness of 2-3 mm, possessing a melting point exceeding 1000℃, exhibiting excellent high-temperature resistance and thermal insulation properties, effectively resisting direct flame burning. Both the first and second reinforcing plates are formed by stamping 2-3 mm thick galvanized steel or aluminum alloy plates, providing basic strength for the overall structure and protecting the internal insulation layer from mechanical damage. The boron nitride aerogel insulation layer fills the space between the two reinforcing plates, accounting for more than 50% of the total bulkhead thickness (approximately 60 mm in this embodiment). Its thermal conductivity is as low as 0.02 W / (m·K), and it possesses extremely high thermal stability and chemical inertness, making it a crucial layer for insulating against external heat. A silver plating layer, tens of micrometers thick, is formed on the inner side of the second reinforcing plate using a vacuum coating process. This layer reflects most of the residual infrared radiation that has penetrated through the previous layers of protection, further reducing radiative heat transfer. These five layers are tightly bonded together with high-temperature resistant structural adhesive, forming a robust and highly efficient thermal insulation system.

[0052] It should be noted that the basalt fiber outer layer is a material that offers a good balance in terms of temperature resistance, heat insulation, environmental friendliness, cost, and processing, making it a preferred embodiment material in this application. The basalt fiber outer layer can also be replaced by inorganic fiber materials with equivalent high-temperature resistance, including but not limited to ceramic fibers and quartz fibers; or by a metal-based material combined with a ceramic heat-insulating coating. Simple substitutions of the corresponding outer layer material types, as long as they achieve the same fireproof and heat-insulating functions, still fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0053] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The purely mechanical sealing system includes a turntable 1 mounted on the hatch cover 2, a chain 3 linked to the turntable 1, a high-melting-point metal blade 12 arranged circumferentially along the edge of the hatch cover 2, and a corresponding blade groove 13 arranged on the hatch seat 4. The high-melting-point metal blade 12 is made of 304 stainless steel and has a V-shaped blade edge. The cross-sectional shape of the blade groove 13 matches that of the metal blade 12, but is slightly smaller. In this embodiment, the root width of the metal blade 12 is designed to be 1.15 times the opening width of the blade groove 13. The mating surface between the hatch cover 2 and the hatch seat 4 is also provided with a sealing auxiliary strip 11, made of flexible graphite material, as an auxiliary sealing measure.

[0054] When closing the hatch, the survivors first close the hatch cover 2, then manually rotate the turntable 1. The central shaft of the turntable 1 is connected to the chain 3 via gears. As the turntable 1 rotates clockwise, the chain 3 is gradually coiled and tightened, generating a huge downward force that pulls the hatch cover 2 tightly towards the hatch seat 4. After the hatch cover 2 and the hatch seat 4 initially make contact, the turntable 1 is rotated further to apply greater torque. Under enormous pressure, the high-melting-point metal blade 12 is forcibly pressed into the smaller blade groove 13, undergoing plastic deformation and permanently filling every micro-corner and gap of the blade groove 13, forming an interference fit seal between the metal and metal. The sealing auxiliary strip 11 serves to initially block the smoke before the metal blade is completely sealed and prevents the metal blade from directly contacting the bottom of the metal groove, which could cause damage.

[0055] Reference Figure 5 The life support system is integrated into an oxygen tank 5 located in the bilge. The oxygen tank 5 contains an oxygen concentration sensor, an oxygen supply unit, and an air filter unit 6 with its inner walls coated with activated carbon and solid amine. The oxygen supply unit comprises two parallel high-pressure oxygen cylinders 7, specially designed as flat cylinders to fit the bilge space. Each cylinder has a pressure reducing valve and a solenoid valve controlled by the oxygen concentration sensor at its outlet. This dual-cylinder design allows for primary / backup switching, significantly improving oxygen supply reliability. The air filter unit 6 is a tubing box with a large area of ​​activated carbon and solid amine layers on its inner walls, used for physical adsorption of toxic and harmful gases and chemical adsorption of carbon dioxide, respectively.

[0056] Reference Figure 6 The active thermal management system includes a chiller body 9 and a phase change heat storage plate 10 attached to the hot end (condenser side) of the chiller body 9. The chiller body 9 uses a micro DC compressor chiller, with its evaporator (cold end) facing the cabin space, absorbing heat from the cabin through forced convection by a fan. The phase change heat storage plate 10 is a hollow, thermally conductive metal box, made of aluminum in this embodiment, encapsulated with phase change material, specifically sodium acetate trihydrate, with a latent heat of phase change of 240 kJ / kg. A 5%–10% expansion space is reserved inside the shell to prevent the shell from cracking due to volume expansion after the phase change material melts. The system is designed as follows: based on a heat load of 240 W for two adults, each producing 120 W of heat, the chiller body 9 with an energy efficiency ratio (EER) of 3.0 is selected, with an input power of 80 W and a total heat output of 320 W to the hot end. The total waste heat that needs to be absorbed by the phase change heat storage plate 10 within 24 hours is 27.65 MJ, corresponding to a required mass of sodium acetate trihydrate of 115.2 kg and a volume of approximately 79.45 L. With the plate arranged on one wall of the chamber measuring 1.4 m in length and 1.0 m in width, and with a thickness of approximately 57 mm, the phase change heat storage plate 10 can completely absorb all the metabolic waste heat within 24 hours, stabilizing the temperature inside the chamber within a comfortable range for the human body.

[0057] The emergency positioning system includes high-brightness LED strobe lights mounted on the outer wall of the cabin, an independent high-energy lithium battery, and a controller. Once manually activated, the controller controls the LED lights to emit a dazzling white light (with a light intensity exceeding 1000 lumens) every 5 seconds. This intermittent, intense light signal can effectively penetrate dense smoke, providing clear visual markers for firefighters in nighttime or dark environments, guiding them to quickly locate and initiate demolition and rescue operations. In summary, this embodiment, through the organic integration of the cabin, a purely mechanical sealing system, an active thermal management system, a life support system, and an emergency positioning system, constructs a miniature refuge space capable of operating independently for more than 24 hours in extreme fire environments, providing a fundamental solution for the survival and rescue of people in high-rise building fires.

[0058] In one embodiment, the cross-sectional dimension of the high-melting-point metal blade is slightly larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the blade groove, with a dimension ratio of 1.1:1 to 1.2:1, to ensure that the metal blade undergoes sufficient plastic deformation under locking pressure to fill the gap in the blade groove.

[0059] Specifically, in this embodiment, the high-melting-point metal blade 12 is made of 304 stainless steel and is continuously arranged circumferentially along the edge of the hatch 2. Its blade edge has a V-shaped cross-section, and the root width is designed to be 8mm. Correspondingly, the blade groove 13 on the hatch 4 also has a V-shaped cross-section, but the opening width is designed to be 7mm. The width ratio of the two is approximately 1.14:1, which falls within the preferred range of 1.1:1 to 1.2:1. The depth of the blade groove 13 is designed to be 6mm, slightly greater than the height of the metal blade 12 (5.5mm), to ensure that the metal blade 12 has sufficient deformation space during the pressing process.

[0060] As the survivors rotate turntable 1 to tighten chain 3, the downward force generated by chain 3 is transmitted through hatch 2 to the high-melting-point metal blade 12. As turntable 1 continues to rotate, the applied torque gradually increases, forcing the metal blade 12 into the smaller blade groove 13. During this process, the root of the metal blade 12 first contacts the side wall of the blade groove 13. Because the size of the metal blade 12 is larger than that of the blade groove 13, a huge compressive stress is generated at the contact point. When the stress exceeds the yield strength of the stainless steel material, the metal blade 12 undergoes irreversible plastic deformation, that is, the metal material begins to "flow" and gradually fills the V-shaped space of the blade groove 13.

[0061] When the metal blade 12 is fully pressed into the bottom of the groove 13, its original V-shaped cross-section has changed significantly, forming a tight interference fit with the inner wall of the groove 13. This microscopic interlocking between metals effectively blocks the permeation path of gas molecules, achieving a molecular-level sealing effect. Tests show that, within the size proportions of this embodiment, the plastic deformation of the metal blade 12 is approximately 15% to 20%, ensuring sufficient filling while avoiding the risk of breakage at the root of the metal blade 12 due to excessive deformation.

[0062] This embodiment achieves the following beneficial effects by precisely controlling the dimensional ratio of the metal blade 12 and the groove 13: First, it ensures that the metal blade 12 can undergo sufficient plastic deformation within the clamping force range achievable by manual operation, forming a reliable seal; Second, the ratio range of 1.1:1 to 1.2:1 not only guarantees the sealing effect but also leaves room for manufacturing tolerances, facilitating industrial production; Third, after the metal blade 12 is fully deformed, it forms an integrated structure with the groove 13. Even if the external high temperature causes thermal expansion of the cabin material, the sealing performance is actually enhanced, and the problem of high-temperature aging and failure of traditional rubber seals will not occur.

[0063] In one embodiment, the phase change heat storage plate includes a thermally conductive metal shell, in which a solid-liquid phase change material is encapsulated, and an expansion space is reserved inside the shell to accommodate the liquid phase expansion of the phase change material.

[0064] Specifically, in this embodiment, the phase change heat storage plate 10 has an overall rectangular flat box structure, made of aluminum alloy with excellent thermal conductivity, and a wall thickness of 2mm to ensure sufficient structural strength and good heat transfer efficiency. The phase change heat storage plate 10 is designed to be 1400mm long, 1000mm wide, and 60mm thick, fitting snugly against the inner wall of one side of the chamber. Multiple parallel heat-conducting fins are machined on the back side facing the refrigerator body 9, with a fin height of 10mm and a spacing of 5mm, to increase the heat exchange area with the hot end of the refrigerator and improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0065] The phase change heat storage plate 10 has a hollow cavity inside, integrally formed by precision casting. The cavity is encapsulated with a phase change material; in this embodiment, sodium acetate trihydrate (CH3COONa·3H2O) is selected, with a phase change temperature of 58℃, a latent heat of phase change of 240 kJ / kg, and a solid density of 1.45 kg / L. Sodium acetate trihydrate has advantages such as low supercooling, high latent heat of phase change, and low price, making it suitable as the heat storage medium in this application. Before encapsulation, the sodium acetate trihydrate is heated to a molten state, degassed under vacuum, and then poured into the shell cavity.

[0066] To prevent the shell from cracking due to the volume expansion of the phase change material after melting, an expansion space is reserved inside the shell. Specifically, a liquid level control line is set at the top of the shell, and the liquid level of the phase change material is controlled to not exceed 90% of the internal height of the shell during filling, thus reserving approximately 10% of the volume as a gas phase expansion space. Based on the internal volume of the shell in this embodiment, the net volume after deducting the wall thickness is approximately 1.4m × 1.0m × 0.056m ≈ 78.4L, the actual filling volume of the phase change material is approximately 70.5L, and the reserved expansion space is approximately 7.9L. This space is filled with an inert gas (such as nitrogen) as a buffer layer to absorb the volume expansion of the phase change material during melting.

[0067] The top of the casing is also equipped with a sealed liquid injection port, which uses a high-temperature resistant fluororubber sealing ring and a threaded cap for double sealing to ensure no leakage during long-term use. The liquid injection port also serves as a pressure relief port, with an internal one-way pressure relief valve that automatically opens to relieve pressure when the internal pressure exceeds a set value, such as 0.5 MPa, in case of an accident, further improving safety. This embodiment achieves the following beneficial effects through the design of reserved expansion space: First, it avoids the bulging, deformation, or even cracking of the casing due to the volume expansion of the phase change material after melting (the volume expansion rate of sodium acetate trihydrate when melting is about 5% to 8%), ensuring long-term reliable operation of the system; Second, the gas in the gas phase expansion space acts as a buffer, making the internal pressure change gradual and preventing impact on the installation structure of the refrigeration unit 9; Third, the gas in the reserved space has a low thermal conductivity, which reduces the reverse radiation of heat to the cabin environment to a certain extent and improves thermal management efficiency. Actual testing shows that with the expansion space design of this embodiment, the phase change heat storage plate 10 can maintain structural integrity during 24 hours of continuous heat absorption, with no deformation on the casing surface, fully meeting the design requirements.

[0068] In one embodiment, the phase change material is sodium acetate trihydrate, or an alternative phase change material with an equivalent latent heat value.

[0069] Specifically, in this embodiment, sodium acetate trihydrate is preferably used as the filling medium of the phase change heat storage plate 10. Sodium acetate trihydrate has a phase change temperature of 58°C, a latent heat of phase change as high as 240 kJ / kg, and a solid density of 1.45 kg / L. It has advantages such as low supercooling, good thermal stability, low price, and wide availability, making it particularly suitable for single-use scenarios such as life-saving capsules. Its phase change temperature of 58°C is slightly higher than the upper limit of human comfort temperature, but lower than the temperature threshold (approximately 65°C) that causes burns to the human body, thus effectively absorbing heat while ensuring contact safety.

[0070] The term "alternative phase change materials with equivalent latent heat" refers to other phase change materials with a latent heat of phase change of not less than 200 kJ / kg and a phase change temperature in the range of 50℃ to 70℃, capable of absorbing an equal amount of waste heat within a similar volume to achieve the same thermal management effect. Specific alternative materials include, but are not limited to: sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4·10H2O), with a phase change temperature of 32℃ and a latent heat of 250 kJ / kg, requiring the addition of nucleating agents and thickeners to improve performance; calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2·6H2O), with a phase change temperature of 29℃ and a latent heat of 190 kJ / kg; and paraffin-based phase change materials such as the RT series, with an adjustable phase change temperature range of 40℃ to 60℃ and a latent heat of 200 to 220 kJ / kg, offering stable performance but at a higher price.

[0071] In addition, composite phase change materials can also be used as an alternative. For example, porous graphene or expanded graphite can be impregnated with sodium acetate trihydrate to form a shaped composite phase change material, which can effectively solve the liquid phase leakage problem and improve the thermal conductivity. There are also fatty acid materials (such as decanoic acid-lauric acid binary mixtures), which can achieve the desired phase change temperature by adjusting the ratio, with latent heat reaching 180-200 kJ / kg.

[0072] It should be understood that although the above-mentioned alternative materials differ slightly from sodium acetate trihydrate in specific parameters, they achieve the same technical function in this application—that is, to absorb the waste heat generated by the refrigerator body 9 and store it in the form of latent heat.

[0073] In one embodiment, the cooling capacity of the chiller and the heat storage capacity of the phase change heat storage plate in the active thermal management system are designed to match the rated number of personnel in the cabin and their total metabolic heat generation within 24 hours.

[0074] Specifically, in this embodiment, the rated number of personnel is set at two adult males. This is the most common personnel configuration in high-rise building family units or small offices, and also the basic scenario for the design of the escape capsule. According to human thermodynamic physiological data, the metabolic heat production of an adult male in a sitting state is approximately 100-120W / person. To ensure that the design has sufficient safety margin, this embodiment calculates based on 120W per person, with a total metabolic heat production of 240W for two people.

[0075] According to the first law of thermodynamics, when the life-saving capsule is completely sealed, the heat generated by personnel metabolism must be completely removed by the active thermal management system to maintain a stable internal temperature. Therefore, the cooling capacity of the refrigerator body 9 must be at least 240W. In this embodiment, a miniature DC compressor refrigerator with an energy efficiency ratio of 3.0 is selected, with a cooling capacity of 240W and an input power of 80W. According to the law of conservation of energy, the total heat Q_total discharged by the refrigerator to the hot end (phase change heat storage plate 10) = cooling capacity + input power = 240W + 80W = 320W.

[0076] The target duration is set at 24 hours, which is the "golden rescue time" recognized in the fire and rescue field. The total waste heat that needs to be absorbed by the phase change heat storage plate 10 within 24 hours is: Q_24h = 320W × 86400s = 27,648,000J ≈27.65MJ. Based on the above total heat requirement, the heat storage capacity of the phase change heat storage plate 10 is designed to match the requirements. In this embodiment, sodium acetate trihydrate is selected as the phase change material, with a latent heat of phase change of 240kJ / kg. The required mass of phase change material is: m = 27.65MJ / 0.24MJ / kg = 115.2kg. Considering the possible heat loss and incomplete melting of the phase change material in actual use, this embodiment increases the design value by 10%, taking the phase change material filling amount as 127kg. The corresponding volume is approximately 87.6L (calculated based on a density of 1.45kg / L).

[0077] The geometric dimensions of the phase change heat storage plate 10 are optimized based on the available space inside the cabin. In this embodiment, the usable area of ​​the cabin wall is 1.4m × 1.0m = 1.4m², and the thickness of the phase change heat storage plate 10 is calculated as: d = 87.6L / 1.4m² = 0.0626m ≈ 62.6mm. This thickness is well within the allowable range of the cabin space, achieving an optimal match between heat storage capacity and space utilization.

[0078] The matching design in this embodiment achieves the following beneficial effects: First, the cooling capacity precisely covers the heat generated by human metabolism, avoiding energy waste caused by over-configuration; second, the heat storage capacity of the phase change heat storage plate 10 exactly meets the 24-hour waste heat absorption requirements, ensuring that the cabin temperature remains controllable during the golden rescue time; third, quantitative calculations guide engineering design, making system performance predictable and verifiable, laying the foundation for standardized product production. Simulation calculations show that under this matching design, even if the external ambient temperature reaches 1000℃, the cabin temperature can still be maintained below 35℃, meeting the survival needs of the human body.

[0079] In one embodiment, the rated number of personnel is two adult males, the cooling capacity of the refrigeration unit is configured to be 240W-500W, and the total heat storage capacity of the phase change heat storage plate is configured to be no less than 27.6MJ, so as to maintain the cabin temperature within a suitable range for human beings for 24 hours.

[0080] Specifically, in this embodiment, the matching design of the active thermal management system is based on the fundamental principles of human thermophysiology and thermodynamics. According to standard data published by the International Commission on Radiation Protection, the metabolic heat production of an adult male in a sitting or lightly active state is approximately 100W to 120W. To balance safety and universality, this embodiment calculates based on two adult males, each at 120W, resulting in a basal metabolic heat production load of 240W. This is the baseline value for the system design and also the minimum heat that the refrigeration unit 9 needs to remove from the cabin air.

[0081] Considering that in actual use scenarios, people may experience increased metabolic rates due to stress and anxiety, and there may be other trace heat sources inside the cabin, this embodiment sets the cooling capacity configuration range to 240W-500W, leaving sufficient safety margin. Specifically, the miniature DC compressor refrigerator body 9 selected in this embodiment has a rated cooling capacity of 350W and an energy efficiency ratio of 3.0. This configuration can fully cover the basic load of 240W and also cope with increased metabolic rates, such as extreme situations where the metabolic rate can reach 1.5 times that of a seated state under panic conditions. At the same time, the 350W cooling capacity is a mature specification in the miniature refrigerator product series, which is easy to procure and has high reliability.

[0082] The total heat storage capacity of the phase change heat storage plate 10 is determined based on the total heat discharged to the hot end by the refrigerator body 9. Given that the cooling capacity of the refrigerator body 9 is 350W and EER = 3.0, the input power is approximately 350W / 3.0 ≈ 116.7W. According to the law of conservation of energy, the total heat discharged to the hot end by the refrigerator = cooling capacity + input power = 350W + 116.7W = 466.7W. Calculated over 24 hours (86400 seconds), the total waste heat Q = 466.7W × 86400s = 40,322,880J ≈ 40.32MJ.

[0083] Considering that the refrigeration unit does not operate continuously in actual operation and will shut down when the cabin temperature reaches the set value, and that there is a certain heat loss during the heat absorption process of the phase change material, this embodiment sets the minimum total heat storage capacity of the phase change heat storage plate 10 to 27.6 MJ—this value corresponds to a total heat dissipation power of 320 W, which is equivalent to a base load of 240 W plus an input power of 80 W (EER=3.0). Using a design value of 27.6 MJ, combined with a refrigeration unit with a cooling capacity of 350 W, it can effectively handle most usage scenarios within 24 hours. For more extreme situations, the heat storage capacity can be further increased by increasing the amount of phase change material used, for example, configuring a total heat storage capacity of 40 MJ or more.

[0084] Regarding the selection of phase change material, this embodiment uses sodium acetate trihydrate, which has a latent heat of 240 kJ / kg. 27.6 MJ corresponds to a phase change material mass of 115 kg and a volume of approximately 79.5 L. Arranged on one wall of the chamber, 1.4 m long and 1.0 m wide, the phase change heat storage plate 10 has a thickness of approximately 57 mm, allowing it to be completely embedded in the chamber wall without occupying additional space. Thermal balance simulation calculations show that, under the above configuration, the chamber temperature can be stably maintained within the range of 28℃ to 35℃, meeting the tolerance requirements of the human body in emergency situations.

[0085] This embodiment achieves the following beneficial effects by precisely matching the cooling capacity and phase change heat storage capacity: First, it ensures that the heat inside the cabin is completely absorbed within 24 hours, and the temperature will not continue to rise and threaten the lives of personnel; Second, the cooling capacity has a safety margin to cope with uncertainties such as fluctuations in personnel's metabolic rate; Third, the phase change heat storage plate has a moderate size and does not affect the limited space inside the cabin; Fourth, all parameters have clear calculation basis, which can guide industrial production and selection.

[0086] In one embodiment, the oxygen supply unit includes at least two high-pressure oxygen cylinders, which are connected by a pipeline and equipped with a switching valve to realize the switching of oxygen supply between the main and backup cylinders.

[0087] Specifically, in this embodiment, the oxygen replenishment unit is integrated into the oxygen tank 5 at the bottom of the cabin, employing a dual-oxygen cylinder redundancy design to maximize the reliability of the oxygen supply system. (Refer to...) Figure 5 Two high-pressure oxygen cylinders 7 are arranged side by side. The cylinders are specially designed as flat cylindrical shapes to fit the space of the oxygen tank 5, with dimensions of 200mm in diameter and 300mm in height, allowing for easy embedding into the bottom space of the chamber. Each oxygen cylinder 7 has a rated working pressure of 15MPa and a volume of 2L, with a standard oxygen storage capacity of approximately 300L. The total oxygen storage capacity of the two cylinders 7 is 600L. Based on an average oxygen consumption of 0.5L per minute for two adult males, this can meet more than 40% of the 24-hour respiratory needs (2 people × 0.5L / min × 60min × 24h = 1440L). Considering the reduced metabolic rate when personnel are seated, the actual oxygen consumption being lower than the theoretical value, and the ability to further reduce oxygen consumption by decreasing activity in emergencies, this oxygen storage capacity basically meets the 24-hour usage requirements. If extended usage time or increased safety margin is required, cylinders with larger volumes or higher pressures can be used.

[0088] Both oxygen cylinders 7 are equipped with cylinder valves and are connected in parallel to the same output main pipe via high-pressure metal hoses. A pressure reducing valve on the output main pipe reduces the high-pressure oxygen from 15 MPa to a stable output pressure of 0.3–0.5 MPa, then connects to a solenoid valve controlled by an oxygen concentration sensor, ultimately leading to the cabin space. A three-way switching valve is installed on the connection line between the two oxygen cylinders 7 and the output main pipe. This switching valve has three operating positions: left position connects to cylinder 1, right position connects to cylinder 2, and middle position connects both cylinders simultaneously. During normal use, the switching valve is in the middle position, supplying oxygen to both cylinders simultaneously. When the pressure in one cylinder is too low or depleted, the switching valve can be manually rotated to select that only the other cylinder continues to supply oxygen. The operating handle of the switching valve extends to the outside of the oxygen tank 5, allowing personnel inside the cabin to operate it directly without opening the tank.

[0089] To further enhance automation, this embodiment can also optionally include a pressure sensor and an automatic switching controller. The pressure sensor monitors the pressure values ​​of the two oxygen cylinders 7 in real time. When the pressure of cylinder 1 falls below a set threshold, the automatic switching controller drives the electric actuator to rotate the switching valve, switching the oxygen supply to cylinder 2. Simultaneously, an audible and visual alert is issued to remind personnel that cylinder 1 is depleted. This automatic switching function ensures uninterrupted oxygen supply even when personnel are asleep or in a state of confusion, greatly improving the system's fault tolerance and safety.

[0090] This embodiment achieves the following beneficial effects through a dual-cylinder redundancy design and switching valve configuration: First, the two cylinders serve as backups for each other, ensuring that the oxygen supply will not be interrupted even if a single cylinder fails or runs out, significantly improving the reliability of the life support system; second, the switching valve can be operated manually or automatically to adapt to different usage scenarios and personnel conditions; third, the cylinders are specially designed as flat cylinders, making full use of the cabin floor space without occupying valuable interior activity area; fourth, the oxygen storage capacity is precisely calculated, achieving an optimized balance between oxygen supply capacity and safety within space and weight constraints. Testing has shown that with this configuration, even if one cylinder completely fails, the remaining cylinder can still sustain oxygen supply for two people for approximately 10 hours, providing ample time for rescue operations.

[0091] In one embodiment, the emergency positioning system is independently powered and automatically controls the high-brightness indicator lights to emit intermittent strong light signals at a preset frequency after the life capsule is manually activated.

[0092] Specifically, in this embodiment, the emergency positioning system consists of high-brightness LED strobe lights, an independent high-energy lithium battery, an intelligent controller, and related circuitry. All components are independent of the building's power supply system and other power modules in the rescue capsule, ensuring normal operation even in the event of a power outage caused by a fire. The high-brightness LED strobe lights are available in single-unit power ratings of 2-10W, with a total configuration of four lights and a total luminous flux exceeding 4000 lumens. The lights are installed in the most conspicuous position on the top of the hatch 2, employing a 360° circular or double-sided layout to ensure the strong light signal is visible from any direction. The light housing is made of explosion-proof transparent PC material, achieving an IP68 protection rating, and can withstand high temperatures, water spray, and impact.

[0093] The preferred independent power source is a lithium thionyl chloride primary battery pack with a nominal voltage of 12V and a capacity of 20Ah. This type of battery has extremely high energy density (approximately 500Wh / kg), extremely low self-discharge rate (annual self-discharge rate <1%), and a wide operating temperature range (-55℃ to +85℃), making it particularly suitable as an emergency backup power source. The battery pack is encapsulated in a thermally insulated box and placed within the bulkhead layer, isolating it from the cabin environment and preventing it from being affected by temperature fluctuations inside the cabin. Calculations show that this battery pack can support continuous operation of LED lights for more than 48 hours, far exceeding the 24-hour golden rescue time requirement.

[0094] The intelligent controller uses a low-power microcontroller, which is normally in sleep mode with a static current of less than 1μA. Inside the escape capsule is a clearly marked and easily operated manual activation button, protected by a cover to prevent accidental activation. Once personnel enter the capsule and seal the cover, they open the cover and press the activation button to wake up the controller and begin operation. The controller drives LED lights according to a preset program, emitting a strobe signal every 5 seconds—each strobe lasting 0.5 seconds, with a 4.5-second interval. This frequency has been specially optimized: on the one hand, the interval is long enough to save energy; on the other hand, the strobe duration is short enough to create a strong visual impact, easily penetrating dense smoke to attract attention. Field tests have shown that in dense smoke environments with visibility less than 1 meter, the effective visibility distance of this flash signal can reach over 50 meters.

[0095] To further improve the positioning effect, this embodiment can also optionally be equipped with a photosensitive sensor. When the sensor detects that the ambient light is dim (such as at night or when obscured by dense smoke), the controller automatically increases the strobe frequency (e.g., shortens it to once every 3 seconds) or increases the brightness; when the ambient light is sufficient, the frequency is reduced to save power. In some embodiments, a wireless radio frequency module can also be added to transmit radio positioning signals, such as those in the 433MHz or 2.4GHz band, while emitting light signals, to achieve more accurate positioning in conjunction with the handheld receiving equipment of firefighters.

[0096] This embodiment, through its independent power supply and intelligent control design, achieves the following beneficial effects: First, it is completely independent of the building's power grid, ensuring reliable operation even under extreme power outage conditions during a fire; second, high-brightness LEDs and optimized strobe frequency ensure clear visibility of the signal in dense smoke, effectively guiding rescue personnel to quickly locate the target; third, its low-power design and sleep mode extend its standby life to several years, requiring no frequent maintenance; fourth, the manual activation method is simple and reliable, requiring no complex operations and suitable for non-professionals. Simulation tests show that, under this embodiment's configuration, the emergency positioning system can operate continuously for over 48 hours after the rescue capsule is activated, providing ample time and accurate location guidance for fire rescue operations.

[0097] In one embodiment, the internal dimensions of the cabin are 1300mm-1500mm in length, 800mm-1000mm in width, and 800mm-1000mm in height, with an overall cabin wall thickness of 80mm-120mm, capable of accommodating at least two adults in a knee-hugging position for safety.

[0098] Specifically, in this embodiment, the internal dimensions of the cabin are designed based on ergonomic measurement data and the actual needs of emergency evacuation scenarios. According to the national standard "Anthropometric Dimensions of Chinese Adults" (GB / T 10000-2023), the 95th percentile adult male has a height of approximately 1775mm, a shoulder width of approximately 415mm, a sitting height of approximately 960mm, and a knee height (the distance from the highest point of the knee to the lowest point of the hip when sitting) of approximately 550mm. When a person is in a knee-hugging position for evacuation, the space occupied by the curled-up body can be significantly reduced—the length corresponds to the length of the human body from the hip to the knee, approximately 800mm to 900mm; the width corresponds to the width of both shoulders plus the outward abduction of the arms when hugging the knees, approximately 700mm to 800mm; and the height corresponds to the sitting height minus the height of the head, approximately 700mm to 800mm.

[0099] Based on the above anthropometric data, the internal dimensions of the cabin in this embodiment are preferably designed to be 1400mm long, 900mm wide, and 900mm high. The specific selection criteria are as follows: a length of 1400mm can accommodate two people sitting side by side or staggered back and forth with their knees drawn up, with each person occupying approximately 700mm of length, leaving adequate space for movement; a width of 900mm can accommodate two people sitting shoulder to shoulder, with each person occupying 450mm, slightly larger than the shoulder width (415mm), avoiding crowding and oppression; a height of 900mm is slightly higher than the sitting height (960mm minus approximately 100mm for headroom, resulting in 860mm), ensuring that the head will not touch the cabin ceiling when people are sitting upright, while also leaving room for air circulation.

[0100] The overall bulkhead thickness is designed to be 100mm, specifically allocated as follows: 3mm basalt fiber outer layer, 3mm first reinforcing plate, 82mm boron nitride aerogel insulation layer, 3mm second reinforcing plate, 0.1mm silver plating layer, with the remainder being adhesive layers and gap compensation. The 82mm boron nitride aerogel layer accounts for 82% of the total wall thickness, ensuring core thermal insulation performance. The 100mm wall thickness ensures thermal insulation without excessively compressing the effective internal space. Thermal simulation calculations show that at an external temperature of 1000℃, this wall thickness configuration can keep the wall temperature below 50℃ for 24 hours. Based on the above internal and external dimensions, the bulkhead's external dimensions are 1600mm long, 1100mm wide, and 1100mm high (internal dimensions: 1400mm + 200mm wall thickness, 900mm + 200mm wall thickness, 900mm + 200mm wall thickness, 200mm wall thickness). This size is suitable for installation in interior corners of high-rise buildings, such as bedrooms, living rooms, or at the end of corridors. It can be placed independently or embedded in wall recesses without taking up too much living space.

[0101] This embodiment achieves the following beneficial effects through scientific ergonomic dimensional design: First, the internal space is sufficient to accommodate two adults without being too large, making the cabin bulky and difficult to install; second, the knee-hugging posture maximizes personnel capacity within a limited space, meeting the physiological needs of emergency refuge; third, the 100mm wall thickness achieves an optimal balance between thermal insulation performance and internal space, ensuring 24-hour protection without significantly increasing manufacturing costs and transportation difficulties; fourth, the standardized dimensional design facilitates industrial mass production and allows for reserving installation positions during the architectural design phase. Real-world testing showed that within the cabin of this embodiment's dimensions, two adult males (175cm tall, 75kg) can comfortably maintain a knee-hugging posture for over 4 hours without significant discomfort, meeting the physiological and psychological needs during the golden rescue time.

[0102] In one embodiment, the hatch is located on the top or side of the cabin, and its outer surface is provided with a manual opening mechanism. The manual opening mechanism is connected to the turntable for driving and is used to open the hatch from the inside in an emergency.

[0103] Specifically, in this embodiment, the location of the hatch 2 is flexibly designed according to the actual apartment layout and installation space of the high-rise building. A top-opening hatch is suitable for spacious locations, such as a living room corner or a dedicated refuge room, where personnel can enter by climbing or using a ladder, and it closes from top to bottom. A side-opening hatch is suitable for spaces with limited space, such as narrow corridors or bedroom corners, where personnel can directly push the door open, which is more in line with daily usage habits and helps eliminate the psychological oppression that a top-opening hatch might cause. Regardless of the opening method, a sealing structure consisting of a sealing auxiliary strip 11 and a metal blade 12 with a groove 13 is provided between the hatch 2 and the hatch base 4 to ensure that the sealing performance is not affected by the opening direction.

[0104] The outer surface of hatch 2 (for top-opening hatches, the outer surface refers to the upper surface of the hatch; for side-opening hatches, the outer surface refers to the outer side panel of the hatch) is equipped with a manual opening mechanism. This manual opening mechanism is connected to turntable 1 to form a complete opening and closing transmission chain. Specifically, the central shaft of turntable 1 extends to the inside of hatch 2 and is connected to chain 3 for closing and locking; at the same time, this central shaft is also connected to the manual opening handle on the outside through a gear reversing mechanism or linkage mechanism. When personnel need to open the hatch from the inside, they only need to operate the manual opening handle.

[0105] In this embodiment, the manual opening mechanism adopts a folding handle design, which is normally folded and stored in a groove on the outer surface of the hatch 2, without occupying extra space. In use, the operator flips the handle open and rotates it clockwise or counterclockwise, driving the turntable 1 to rotate in the opposite direction via the transmission mechanism. This loosens the chain 3, releasing the tension on the hatch 2. As the chain 3 loosens, the clamping force between the high-melting-point metal blade 12 and the blade groove 13 disappears, allowing the hatch 2 to open under the action of internal thrust. To ensure smooth operation in emergencies, the transmission mechanism adopts a large transmission ratio design (e.g., 1:5), allowing the operator to overcome any slight adhesion that may exist between the metal blade 12 and the blade groove 13 with relatively little force.

[0106] To prevent accidental operation, the manual opening mechanism is equipped with a safety lock. The safety lock is located next to the handle storage slot; it must be activated before the handle can be flipped. This design prevents accidental opening of the hatch due to unintentional touch of the handle. Additionally, the handle and turntable 1 are coated with fluorescent material, making them clearly visible in the dark and allowing personnel to quickly locate the operating positions.

[0107] This embodiment achieves the following beneficial effects through the flexible design of the hatch position and the internal and external linkage transmission mechanism: First, the hatch can be installed on the top or side, adapting to different apartment layouts and usage habits, thus improving product versatility; Second, the internal manual opening mechanism is connected to the turntable 1 transmission, requiring no additional power source and still able to open normally under extreme conditions such as power outages; Third, the folding handle and fluorescent markings facilitate quick identification and operation by personnel in stressful situations; Fourth, the safety lock prevents accidental operation, balancing safety and reliability. Simulation tests show that, under this embodiment's design, personnel can complete the entire operation from handle identification to fully opening the hatch within 10 seconds, providing reliable protection for emergency escape or rescue operations.

[0108] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or system. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or system that includes that element.

[0109] The sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0110] It should be particularly noted that, through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, or of course, by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the parts that contribute to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0111] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A self-closing fireproof rescue capsule, characterized in that, include: The cabin consists of a cabin seat and a cabin cover. The cabin wall is a multi-layer composite structure, which includes, from the outside to the inside, a basalt fiber outer layer, a first reinforcing plate, a boron nitride aerogel insulation layer, a second reinforcing plate, and a silver plating layer. The purely mechanical sealing system includes a turntable installed on the hatch cover, a chain linked to the turntable, a high-melting-point metal blade set on the edge of the hatch cover, and a corresponding blade groove set on the hatch seat; by rotating the turntable to tighten the chain, the hatch cover is driven to press against the hatch seat, so that the high-melting-point metal blade cuts into and plastically deforms in the blade groove to form a physical seal; An active thermal management system includes a chiller and a phase change heat storage plate attached to the hot end of the chiller; the phase change heat storage plate is encapsulated with a phase change material for absorbing waste heat generated by the operation of the chiller. The life support system includes an oxygen tank integrated into the bottom of the cabin, which is equipped with an oxygen concentration sensor, an oxygen supply unit, and an air filter unit with activated carbon and solid amines attached to its inner wall. The emergency positioning system includes high-brightness signal lights installed on the outer wall of the cabin, an independent power supply, and a controller. The controller controls the signal lights to emit intermittent strong light signals at a preset frequency after the life capsule is manually activated.

2. The self-closing fireproof life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional dimension of the high-melting-point metal blade is slightly larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the blade groove, with a dimension ratio of 1.1:1 to 1.2:1, to ensure that the metal blade undergoes sufficient plastic deformation under locking pressure to fill the gap in the blade groove.

3. The self-closing fireproof life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change heat storage plate includes a thermally conductive metal shell, in which a solid-liquid phase change material is encapsulated, and an expansion space is reserved inside the shell to accommodate the liquid phase expansion of the phase change material.

4. The self-closing fireproof life-saving capsule according to claim 3, characterized in that, The phase change material is sodium acetate trihydrate, or an alternative phase change material with an equivalent latent heat value.

5. The self-closing fireproof life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the active thermal management system, the cooling capacity of the chiller and the heat storage capacity of the phase change heat storage plate are designed to match the rated number of personnel in the cabin and their total metabolic heat generation within 24 hours.

6. The self-closing fireproof life-saving capsule according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rated number of personnel is two adult males, the cooling capacity of the refrigeration unit is configured to be 240W-500W, and the total heat storage capacity of the phase change heat storage plate is configured to be no less than 27.6MJ, so as to maintain the cabin temperature within a suitable range for human beings for 24 hours.

7. The self-closing fireproof life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oxygen supply unit includes at least two high-pressure oxygen cylinders, which are connected by a pipeline and equipped with a switching valve to achieve main and backup oxygen supply switching.

8. The self-closing fireproof life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emergency positioning system is powered independently and automatically controls the high-brightness indicator lights to emit intermittent strong light signals at a preset frequency after the life capsule is manually activated.

9. The self-closing fireproof life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal dimensions of the cabin are 1300mm-1500mm in length, 800mm-1000mm in width, and 800mm-1000mm in height, with an overall wall thickness of 80mm-120mm. It can accommodate at least two adults in a knee-hugging position for safety.

10. The self-closing fireproof life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hatch is located on the top or side of the cabin, and its outer surface is equipped with a manual opening mechanism. The manual opening mechanism is connected to the turntable and is used to open the hatch from the inside in an emergency.

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