A method of effectively controlling leaf curl of macadamia nut

Abstract

This invention discloses an effective method for controlling leaf curling in macadamia nuts, comprising the following steps: selecting mineral oil with an effective ingredient content ≥99%, mixing it with water at a volume ratio of 1:100-400, then adding an emulsifier accounting for 0.05%-0.2% of the total weight of the mixture, stirring evenly to prepare a mineral oil emulsion; applying the emulsion using a misting device based on the growth characteristics of macadamia nuts during the shoot emergence period, pre-flowering period, young fruit stage, and mid-fruit development stage, combined with the differences in insect resistance among different varieties; integrating four measures: pruning and shaping control, orchard sanitation, soil regulation, and nutrient enhancement; and regularly monitoring key indicators such as thrips population density, leaf curling rate, and deformed fruit rate using a five-point sampling method, adjusting the control plan based on quantitative data. This invention achieves highly efficient control of thrips, prevents leaf curling, improves macadamia nut yield and quality, and protects the orchard ecological environment by optimizing the mineral oil emulsion formulation, precise application strategies, synergistic agricultural management measures, and dynamic monitoring and adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural pest and disease control technology, and in particular to an effective method for preventing macadamia leaf curling. Background Technology

[0002] Macadamia spp. is a tropical crop with high economic value, widely cultivated in southern regions of my country such as Yunnan and Guangxi. However, the damage caused by thrips spp. seriously restricts the development of the macadamia nut industry. Thrips suck the sap from the tender shoots, leaves and inflorescences of macadamia nuts with their piercing-sucking mouthparts, causing the leaves to become narrow, curled and hardened, and the tender shoots to develop poorly. This not only affects the photosynthetic efficiency of the plant, but also leads to a decrease in fruit yield and deterioration in quality, resulting in deformed fruits such as "longan fruit".

[0003] Traditional thrips control mainly relies on chemical agents such as imidacloprid and acetamiprid. However, long-term use of chemical agents alone can easily lead to increased thrips resistance, resulting in a gradual decline in control effectiveness. At the same time, it can also disrupt the ecological balance of orchards, kill natural enemy insects and pollinating insects, trigger outbreaks of secondary pests, and cause problems such as environmental pollution and pesticide residues.

[0004] Mineral oil, as a physical control method, suffocates insects by covering their spiracles, offering advantages such as environmental friendliness, high safety, and low risk of resistance. However, current technologies lack a systematic approach to the application of mineral oil in macadamia nut thrips control, exhibiting problems such as unclear reagent ratios, inappropriate application timing and frequency, and lack of integration with effective agricultural management practices. This results in unstable control efficacy, failing to meet the needs of large-scale cultivation. Therefore, developing an efficient, stable, and sustainable method for controlling macadamia nut thrips and leaf curling using mineral oil is of significant practical importance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an effective method for preventing and controlling leaf curling in macadamia nuts. By optimizing the mineral oil emulsion formulation, using precise application strategies, coordinating agricultural management measures, and dynamically monitoring and adjusting, this method achieves efficient control of thrips, prevents leaf curling, improves macadamia nut yield and quality, and protects the orchard's ecological environment.

[0006] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: An effective method for preventing macadamia leaf curling includes the following steps: S1. Selection and preparation of reagents: Select mineral oil with an effective ingredient content of ≥99%, mix it with water at a volume ratio of 1:100 to 400, then add emulsifier accounting for 0.05%-0.2% of the total weight of the mixture, stir evenly, and prepare a mineral oil emulsion. S2. Targeted application according to growth stage: Based on the growth characteristics of macadamia nuts during the shoot emergence stage, pre-flowering stage, young fruit stage, and mid-fruit development stage, and combined with the differences in insect resistance among different varieties, atomization equipment is used for application, and the concentration, dosage, and frequency are adjusted according to the degree of thrips infestation. S3. Collaborative Agricultural Management: Integrating four measures—pruning and shaping, orchard cleaning, soil regulation, and nutrient enhancement—to construct a three-dimensional prevention and control system of "chemical control + ecological regulation." S4. Effect monitoring and dynamic adjustment: Use the five-point sampling method to regularly monitor core indicators such as thrips population density, leaf curling rate, and deformed fruit rate. Adjust the control plan based on quantitative data, and use biological agents or supplement special foliar fertilizers when necessary.

[0007] Furthermore: In S1, the mineral oil is a food-grade mineral oil with a distillation range of 300-400°C and a kinematic viscosity of 10-15 mm² / s at 40°C.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solutions, a balance between adhesion and spreadability is ensured, which makes it easy to form a continuous oil film without affecting blade respiration, and at the same time avoids the rapid volatilization of low-boiling-range components and residual pollution of high-boiling-range components.

[0009] Further: In S1, the emulsifier is one or more of Tween 80, polyoxyethylene castor oil ether, or polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0010] Further: In S1, the preparation process of the mineral oil emulsion is as follows: at an environment of 20-30℃, the emulsifier is first dissolved in water, the stirring speed is 300-500r / min, then the mineral oil is slowly added, the temperature is raised to 25-28℃, the stirring is carried out for 15-20 minutes, and the pH is controlled at 6.5-7.5. After standing for 5 minutes, it is confirmed that there is no layering and no precipitation, which is considered qualified.

[0011] Furthermore, in S2, the application standard is: spray evenly on the tree canopy, focusing on covering tender shoots, tender leaves, inflorescences and young fruits, until the leaves are moist but not dripping.

[0012] Furthermore: In S2, the reproductive period targeted administration parameters include: Shoot emergence period: February to March, new shoots are 2-5cm long. Focus on spraying tender shoots and new leaves, with a spraying amount of 150-180L per acre. The interval between severe outbreaks is 5-7 days, and the interval between moderate and mild outbreaks is 7-10 days. Before flowering: From March to April, from the time the inflorescence appears to 3 days before the first flowering, focus on spraying the inflorescence and calyx, with a spraying amount of 160-190L per acre, at intervals of 8-10 days; Young fruit stage: April-May, young fruit diameter 0.5-1cm, focus on spraying the surface of young fruit and fruit stalk, spraying amount 170-200L per acre, at intervals of 7-10 days; Mid-stage fruit development: June-July, when the fruit diameter is 2-3cm, spray the entire canopy inside and out, with a spraying amount of 180-200L per acre. In severely affected areas, apply an additional spray.

[0013] Further: In S3, pruning and shaping are carried out 7-10 days before spraying, using a combination of "thinning and shortening" to remove overly dense branches, crossing branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, and old leaves, while retaining strong fruiting branches and nutrient branches, so that the orchard canopy closure is ≤55% and the ventilation and light transmittance is ≥45%; Orchard cleaning: Clean up once every 10-15 days, remove fallen leaves, fallen fruit, weeds and diseased and insect tissues, and transport them to the outside of the orchard for deep burial or high-temperature decomposition to kill any remaining adult and nymph thrips. Soil management: shallowly cultivate the soil within the tree canopy projection area to a depth of 5-10 cm once per quarter. After shallow cultivation, cover with 5-8 cm of straw or coconut coir to inhibit weed growth and disrupt the pupation environment of thrips nymphs. Apply Bacillus subtilis containing ≥2×10⁻⁶ every six months. 8 cfu / g, Bacillus laterosporus ≥1×10 8 Bio-fertilizer with cfu / g, applied at a rate of 50-100 kg / mu, improves soil microecology; Nutritional fortification: Seven days before and after spraying mineral oil, spray the leaves with a special nutrient solution with the following formula: 0.1% urea + 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.02% chelated zinc + 0.01% boric acid. The application rate is 100-120L per acre to enhance the plant's resistance to insects and its ability to recover after damage.

[0014] Furthermore: In S4, the effect monitoring and dynamic adjustment specifically include: Results monitoring: Thrips population density: 3, 7 and 15 days after spraying, a five-point sampling method was used, with 5 plants randomly selected at each point, and 5 tender shoots / inflorescences / young fruits taken from each plant. The number of live insects was counted, and the insect population density (heads / tender shoots) and insect population reduction rate were calculated. Leaf curling rate: 7 days and 15 days after spraying, 10 plants were selected at each point, and 20 new leaves were taken from each plant. The number of curled leaves was counted and the curling rate was calculated. Deformed fruit rate: During the fruit ripening period, 10 trees were selected at each point, and 50 fruits were taken from each tree. The number of deformed fruits such as "longan fruit" was counted, and the deformed fruit rate was calculated. Plant nutrition: Sample the 3rd-4th functional leaves of the new shoots every 30 days to test the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content. If the content is below the lower limit, start nutrient supplementation. Dynamic adjustment strategy: If the insect population reduction rate is <70% or the curling rate is >8%, spray mineral oil once more, increasing the concentration by 15%, or alternately spray with 1000 times diluted Bacillus thuringiensis solution. Leaf nutrient deficiency: Apply an additional 120L of a mixture of 0.15% urea and 0.08% potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre.

[0015] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Firstly, this invention achieves efficient control of thrips by optimizing mineral oil emulsion formulations, precise application strategies, synergistic agricultural management measures, and dynamic monitoring and adjustment, thereby preventing leaf curling, increasing macadamia nut yield and quality, and protecting the orchard's ecological environment. Secondly, this invention kills insects through physical suffocation using mineral oil, without affecting the survival rate of natural enemy insects, and without causing significant harm to pollinating insects such as bees, thus maintaining the ecological balance of the orchard. Alternating use with biological agents can completely avoid the development of thrips resistance, reduce the amount of chemical pesticides used, lower the risk of environmental pollution, and meet the requirements of green agricultural development. Thirdly, this invention is adaptable to different scenarios in areas with mild, moderate and severe thrips infestations, and can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual situation. Compared with traditional chemical control, it reduces costs, while also reducing losses of deformed fruit and the risk of pesticide residues, thus improving overall economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is an operation flowchart of the present invention; Figure 2 Comparison chart of the efficacy verification results of this invention; Figure 3 These are comparison images showing the effect of the present invention in improving blade curling; Figure 4 This is a statistical chart of single-plant yield from the control experiment of this invention; Figure 5 This is a statistical chart showing the incidence of deformed fruit in the control experiment of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0019] Example 1, referring to Figure 1 An effective method for preventing macadamia leaf curling includes the following steps: S1. Selection and preparation of reagents: Select food-grade mineral oil with an effective ingredient content of ≥99%, a distillation range of 300-400℃, and a kinematic viscosity of 10-15mm² / s at 40℃. Then select one or more of the following emulsifiers: Tween 80, polyoxyethylene castor oil ether, or polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester. Then, at 20°C, dissolve 0.05% of the emulsifier by weight in water and stir at 300-500 r / min. Then, slowly add mineral oil at a volume ratio of 1:100 with water. Next, heat to 25°C, stir for 15-20 minutes, and control the pH at 6.5. After standing for 5 minutes, confirm that there is no layering or precipitation, and the mixture is qualified, thus preparing a mineral oil emulsion. S2. Targeted application according to growth stage: Based on the growth characteristics of macadamia nut during the shoot emergence stage, pre-flowering stage, young fruit stage, and mid-fruit development stage, and combined with the differences in insect resistance of different varieties, use atomization equipment to spray evenly on the canopy, focusing on covering tender shoots, tender leaves, inflorescences and young fruits, with the goal of moistening the leaf surface without dripping. Adjust the concentration, dosage and frequency according to the degree of thrips occurrence. Shoot emergence period: February to March, when new shoots are 2cm long. Focus on spraying tender shoots and new leaves, with a spraying rate of 150L per acre. The interval between severe outbreaks is 5 days, and the interval between moderate and mild outbreaks is 7-10 days. Before flowering: From March to April, from the time the inflorescence appears to 3 days before the first flowering, focus on spraying the inflorescence and calyx, with a spraying amount of 160L per acre, at intervals of 8-10 days; Young fruit stage: April-May, young fruit diameter 0.5-1cm, focus on spraying the surface of young fruit and fruit stalk, spraying 170L per acre, every 7-10 days; Mid-stage fruit development: June-July, when the fruit diameter is 2-3cm, spray the entire canopy inside and outside at a rate of 180L per acre. In severely affected areas, apply an additional spray. S3. Coordinated Agricultural Management: Pruning and Shaping: Pruning should be carried out 7-10 days before spraying, using a combination of "thinning and shortening" to remove overly dense branches, crossing branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, and old leaves, while retaining strong fruiting branches and nutrient branches, so that the orchard canopy closure is ≤55% and the ventilation and light transmission rate is ≥45%; Orchard cleaning: Clean up once every 10-15 days, remove fallen leaves, fallen fruit, weeds and diseased and insect tissues, and transport them to the outside of the orchard for deep burial or high-temperature decomposition to kill any remaining adult and nymph thrips. Soil conditioning: Shallow tillage to a depth of 5-10 cm within the tree canopy projection area once per quarter. After tilling, cover with a 5-8 cm layer of straw or coconut coir to suppress weed growth and disrupt the pupation environment of thrips nymphs. Apply a solution containing ≥2×10⁻⁶ Bacillus subtilis every six months. 8 cfu / g, Bacillus laterosporus ≥1×10 8 Bio-fertilizer with cfu / g, applied at a rate of 50-100 kg / mu, improves soil microecology; Nutritional fortification: Seven days before and after spraying mineral oil, spray the leaves with a special nutrient solution with the formula of 0.1% urea + 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.02% chelated zinc + 0.01% boric acid, at a rate of 100-120L per acre, to enhance the plant's resistance to insects and its ability to recover after damage. S4. Effect monitoring and dynamic adjustment: Use the five-point sampling method to regularly monitor core indicators such as thrips population density, leaf curling rate, and deformed fruit rate. Adjust the control plan based on quantitative data, and use biological agents or supplement special foliar fertilizers when necessary.

[0020] In S4, the effect monitoring and dynamic adjustment specifically include: Results monitoring: Thrips population density: 3, 7 and 15 days after spraying, a five-point sampling method was used, with 5 plants randomly selected at each point, and 5 tender shoots / inflorescences / young fruits taken from each plant. The number of live insects was counted, and the insect population density (heads / tender shoots) and insect population reduction rate were calculated. Leaf curling rate: 7 days and 15 days after spraying, 10 plants were selected at each point, and 20 new leaves were taken from each plant. The number of curled leaves was counted and the curling rate was calculated. Deformed fruit rate: During the fruit ripening period, 10 trees were selected at each point, and 50 fruits were taken from each tree. The number of deformed fruits such as "longan fruit" was counted, and the deformed fruit rate was calculated. Plant nutrition: Sample the 3rd-4th functional leaves of the new shoots every 30 days to test the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content. If the content is below the lower limit, start nutrient supplementation. Dynamic adjustment strategy: If the insect population reduction rate is <70% or the curling rate is >8%, spray mineral oil once more, increasing the concentration by 15%, or alternately spray with 1000 times diluted Bacillus thuringiensis solution. Leaf nutrient deficiency: Apply an additional 120L of a mixture of 0.15% urea and 0.08% potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre.

[0021] Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that it provides an effective method for preventing macadamia leaf curling, comprising the following steps: S1. Selection and preparation of reagents: Select food-grade mineral oil with an effective ingredient content of ≥99%, a distillation range of 300-400℃, and a kinematic viscosity of 10-15mm² / s at 40℃. Then select one or more of the following emulsifiers: Tween 80, polyoxyethylene castor oil ether, or polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester. Then, at 25°C, dissolve 0.12% of the emulsifier by weight in water and stir at 300-500 r / min. Then, slowly add mineral oil at a volume ratio of 1:200 with water. Next, raise the temperature to 26°C, stir for 15-20 minutes, and control the pH at 7.0. After standing for 5 minutes, confirm that there is no layering or precipitation, and the mixture is qualified, thus preparing a mineral oil emulsion. S2. Targeted application according to growth stage: Based on the growth characteristics of macadamia nut during the shoot emergence stage, pre-flowering stage, young fruit stage, and mid-fruit development stage, and combined with the differences in insect resistance of different varieties, use atomization equipment to spray evenly on the canopy, focusing on covering tender shoots, tender leaves, inflorescences and young fruits, with the goal of moistening the leaf surface without dripping. Adjust the concentration, dosage and frequency according to the degree of thrips occurrence. Shoot emergence period: February to March, when new shoots are 3cm long. Focus on spraying tender shoots and new leaves, with a spraying rate of 160L per acre. The interval between severe outbreaks is 6 days, and the interval between moderate and mild outbreaks is 7-10 days. Before flowering: From March to April, from the time the inflorescence appears to 3 days before the first flowering, focus on spraying the inflorescence and calyx, with a spraying amount of 170L per acre, at intervals of 8-10 days; Young fruit stage: April-May, young fruit diameter 0.5-1cm, focus on spraying the surface of young fruit and fruit stalk, spraying 180L per acre, every 7-10 days; Mid-stage fruit development: June-July, when the fruit diameter is 2-3cm, spray the entire canopy inside and out, using 190L per acre. In severely affected areas, apply an additional spray.

[0022] Example 3 differs from Example 1 in that it provides an effective method for preventing macadamia leaf curling, comprising the following steps: S1. Selection and preparation of reagents: Select food-grade mineral oil with an effective ingredient content of ≥99%, a distillation range of 300-400℃, and a kinematic viscosity of 10-15mm² / s at 40℃. Then select one or more of the following emulsifiers: Tween 80, polyoxyethylene castor oil ether, or polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester. Then, at 30℃, dissolve 0.2% of the emulsifier by weight in water and stir at 300-500 r / min. Then, slowly add mineral oil at a volume ratio of 1:100 with water. Next, heat to 28℃, stir for 15-20 minutes, and control the pH at 7.5. After standing for 5 minutes, confirm that there is no layering or precipitation, and the mixture is qualified, thus preparing a mineral oil emulsion. S2. Targeted application according to growth stage: Based on the growth characteristics of macadamia nut during the shoot emergence stage, pre-flowering stage, young fruit stage, and mid-fruit development stage, and combined with the differences in insect resistance of different varieties, use atomization equipment to spray evenly on the canopy, focusing on covering tender shoots, tender leaves, inflorescences and young fruits, with the goal of moistening the leaf surface without dripping. Adjust the concentration, dosage and frequency according to the degree of thrips occurrence. Shoot emergence period: February to March, when new shoots are 5cm long. Focus on spraying tender shoots and new leaves, with a spraying rate of 180L per acre. The interval between severe outbreaks is 7 days, and the interval between moderate and mild outbreaks is 7-10 days. Before flowering: From March to April, from the time the inflorescence appears to 3 days before the first flowering, focus on spraying the inflorescence and calyx, with a spraying rate of 190L per acre, at intervals of 8-10 days; Young fruit stage: April-May, young fruit diameter 0.5-1cm, focus on spraying the surface of young fruit and fruit stalk, spraying amount 170-200L per acre, at intervals of 7-10 days; Mid-stage fruit development: June-July, when the fruit diameter is 2-3cm, spray the entire canopy inside and out, using 200L per acre. In severely affected areas, apply an additional spray.

[0023] I. Drug Efficacy Verification Experiment 1. Experimental subjects: Four varieties of macadamia nuts (OC, HAES788, 344, 294); 2. Test location: Macadamia nut plantation at Jingha Base, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province; 3. Experimental zones: The experiment was divided into three zones according to the severity of thrips infestation: the left side of the main road (severe thrips infestation zone), the right side of the main road (moderate thrips infestation zone), and the area by the pond (moderate to mild thrips infestation zone). Each zone was divided into a control zone (no mineral oil spraying) and a treatment zone (mineral oil spraying). Each zone was replicated three times, with five plants per replicate. 4. Observation indicators and time: Thrips population density: surveyed before the second spraying (June 6, 2024) and 15 days after the second spraying (June 21, 2024).

[0024] Experimental results (refer to) Figure 2 ) Table 1. Overall Pharmacological Efficacy Test Results Note: The data in the table are mean ± standard error.

[0025] II. Setting up a control experiment 1. Core objective of the experiment: To verify the control effect of the integrated scheme of "precise application of mineral oil + agricultural collaborative management" (this invention), to compare the differences between single mineral oil spraying, traditional chemical control and blank control, and to clarify the advantages of this invention in thrips control, leaf curling improvement, yield increase and ecological protection.

[0026] 2. Experimental Materials and Environment Tested varieties: HAES788 macadamia nuts (4-year-old trees, 2.3-2.6m in height, 1.8-2.0m in crown width), with consistent growth and no history of pests or diseases.

[0027] 3. Experimental area: Macadamia nut plantation in Jingha Base, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Plots with uniform thrips infestation were selected (initial insect population density 3.0±0.2 thrips / tender shoot, leaf curling rate 35±2.5%), with consistent soil type, fertility, light and irrigation conditions.

[0028] 4. Group setup (4 groups, 3 replicates per group, 5 plants per replicate) 5. Observation Indicators and Detection Methods Thrips control indicators: 3, 7 and 15 days after spraying, the five-point sampling method was used to count the insect population density (heads / tender shoots), insect population reduction rate (%), and thrips mortality rate (%).

[0029] Leaf curling index: 10 days and 15 days after spraying, the leaf curling rate is counted (number of curled leaves / total number of leaves × 100%, and leaves with a curling degree ≥ 10% are judged as curled leaves).

[0030] Fruit and yield indicators: During the fruit ripening period, the incidence of insect-infested fruit (%), the incidence of deformed fruit (longan fruit) (%), and the yield of green-skinned fruit per plant (kg) are recorded.

[0031] Statistical methods: Data are expressed as mean ± standard error. One-way ANOVA was performed using SPSS 26.0. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and P < 0.01 was considered highly statistically significant.

[0032] Table 2 Comparison of core indicators for each group Table 3. Trends in dynamic effects for each group (unit: %) Analysis of comparative experimental results 1. Thrips control effect: The experimental group showed significantly better results than other groups. In Example 2 of this invention, the thrips mortality rate reached 93.5% 7 days after spraying and the insect population reduction rate reached 92.8% 15 days after spraying, both of which were significantly higher than those of Example 1, Example 3, the single mineral oil group and the traditional chemical control group.

[0033] The core reason is that the "targeted spraying during different growth stages + agricultural collaborative management" of this invention forms a closed-loop control system. Agricultural measures (pruning, orchard cleaning, and shallow tillage) reduce the habitat and breeding environment of thrips. The precise formulation of mineral oil emulsion improves the insecticidal efficiency, while single mineral oil groups lack ecological regulation, and traditional chemical control groups are limited in effect due to thrips resistance.

[0034] 2. Improvement of leaf curling: The repair effect of this invention group is shown in reference... Figure 3 In Example 2 of this invention, the leaf curling rate was only 4.3% 15 days after spraying, which is much lower than that of the single mineral oil group (16.3%) and the traditional chemical control group (20.5%).

[0035] Key factor: In addition to the use of mineral oil to kill thrips, the nutritional fortification measures of this invention (supplementing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and boron) promoted the recovery of damaged leaves, while other groups did not receive nutritional supplementation and their leaves recovered slowly.

[0036] 3. Yield and Quality: This invention group achieves "improved quality and increased production". In Example 2 of this invention, the yield per plant reached 18.9 kg, which was higher than that of the blank control group, the traditional chemical control group, and the single mineral oil group (refer to...). Figure 4 ); At the same time, refer to Figure 5 In Example 2, the incidence of deformed fruit was only 6.4%, and the marketable fruit rate was significantly improved. Although the traditional chemical control group had a certain preventive effect, it could not effectively reduce the formation of "longan fruit".

[0037] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make inventive modifications to this embodiment as needed, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A method of effectively controlling leaf curl of macadamia nut, characterized by, Includes the following steps: S1. Selection and preparation of reagents: Select mineral oil with an effective ingredient content of ≥99%, mix it with water at a volume ratio of 1:100 to 400, then add emulsifier accounting for 0.05%-0.2% of the total weight of the mixture, stir evenly, and prepare a mineral oil emulsion. S2. Targeted application according to growth stage: Based on the growth characteristics of macadamia nuts during the shoot emergence stage, pre-flowering stage, young fruit stage, and mid-fruit development stage, and combined with the differences in insect resistance among different varieties, atomization equipment is used for application, and the concentration, dosage, and frequency are adjusted according to the degree of thrips infestation. S3. Collaborative Agricultural Management: Integrating four measures—pruning and shaping, orchard cleaning, soil regulation, and nutrient enhancement—to construct a three-dimensional prevention and control system of "chemical control + ecological regulation." S4. Effect monitoring and dynamic adjustment: Use the five-point sampling method to regularly monitor core indicators such as thrips population density, leaf curling rate, and deformed fruit rate. Adjust the control plan based on quantitative data, and use biological agents or supplement special foliar fertilizers when necessary.

2. A method of effectively controlling leaf curl of macadamia nut according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the mineral oil is a food-grade mineral oil with a distillation range of 300-400℃ and a kinematic viscosity of 10-15 mm² / s at 40℃.

3. The method for effectively preventing macadamia leaf curling according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the emulsifier is one or more of Tween 80, polyoxyethylene castor oil ether, or polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester.

4. The method for effectively preventing macadamia leaf curling according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the preparation process of the mineral oil emulsion is as follows: at an environment of 20-30℃, the emulsifier is first dissolved in water, the stirring speed is 300-500r / min, then the mineral oil is slowly added, the temperature is raised to 25-28℃, the stirring is carried out for 15-20 minutes, and the pH is controlled at 6.5-7.

5. After standing for 5 minutes, it is confirmed that there is no layering and no precipitation, which is considered qualified.

5. The method for effectively preventing macadamia leaf curling according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the application standard is: spray evenly on the tree canopy, focusing on covering tender shoots, tender leaves, inflorescences and young fruits, until the leaves are moist but not dripping.

6. The method for effectively preventing macadamia leaf curling according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the reproductive period targeted application parameters include: Shoot emergence period: February to March, new shoots are 2-5cm long. Focus on spraying tender shoots and new leaves, with a spraying amount of 150-180L per acre. The interval between severe outbreaks is 5-7 days, and the interval between moderate and mild outbreaks is 7-10 days. Before flowering: From March to April, from the time the inflorescence appears to 3 days before the first flowering, focus on spraying the inflorescence and calyx, with a spraying amount of 160-190L per acre, at intervals of 8-10 days; Young fruit stage: April-May, young fruit diameter 0.5-1cm, focus on spraying the surface of young fruit and fruit stalk, spraying amount 170-200L per acre, at intervals of 7-10 days; Mid-stage fruit development: June-July, when the fruit diameter is 2-3cm, spray the entire canopy inside and out, with a spraying rate of 180-200L per acre. In severely affected areas, apply an additional spray.

7. The method for effectively preventing macadamia leaf curling according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, pruning and shaping are carried out 7-10 days before spraying, using a combination of "thinning and shortening" to remove overly dense branches, crossing branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, and old leaves, while retaining strong fruiting branches and nutrient branches, so that the orchard canopy closure is ≤55% and the ventilation and light transmittance is ≥45%. Orchard cleaning: Clean up once every 10-15 days, remove fallen leaves, fallen fruit, weeds and diseased and insect tissues, and transport them to the outside of the orchard for deep burial or high-temperature decomposition to kill any remaining adult and nymph thrips. Soil management: shallowly cultivate the soil within the tree canopy projection area to a depth of 5-10 cm once per quarter. After shallow cultivation, cover with 5-8 cm of straw or coconut coir to inhibit weed growth and disrupt the pupation environment of thrips nymphs. And every half year, apply 1 time biological fertilizer containing bacillus subtilis ≥2x10 8 cfu / g, bacillus laterosporus ≥1x10 8 cfu / g, dosage 50-100 kg / acre, improve soil micro-ecology; Nutritional fortification: Seven days before and after spraying mineral oil, spray the leaves with a special nutrient solution with the following formula: 0.1% urea + 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.02% chelated zinc + 0.01% boric acid. The application rate is 100-120L per acre to enhance the plant's resistance to insects and its ability to recover after damage.

8. The method for effectively preventing macadamia leaf curling according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the effect monitoring and dynamic adjustment specifically include: Results monitoring: Thrips population density: 3, 7 and 15 days after spraying, a five-point sampling method was used, with 5 plants randomly selected at each point, and 5 tender shoots / inflorescences / young fruits taken from each plant. The number of live insects was counted, and the insect population density (heads / tender shoots) and insect population reduction rate were calculated. Leaf curling rate: 7 days and 15 days after spraying, 10 plants were selected at each point, and 20 new leaves were taken from each plant. The number of curled leaves was counted and the curling rate was calculated. Deformed fruit rate: During the fruit ripening period, 10 plants were selected at each point, and 50 fruits were taken from each plant. The number of deformed fruits such as "longan fruit" was counted, and the deformed fruit rate was calculated. Plant nutrition: Sample the 3rd-4th functional leaves of the new shoots every 30 days to test the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content. If the content is below the lower limit, start nutrient supplementation. Dynamic adjustment strategy: If the insect population reduction rate is <70% or the curling rate is >8%, spray mineral oil once more, increasing the concentration by 15%, or alternately spray with 1000 times diluted Bacillus thuringiensis solution. Leaf nutrient deficiency: Apply an additional 120L of a mixture of 0.15% urea and 0.08% potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre.

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