Methods, apparatus, media, and devices for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits
By constructing the Hamiltonian H and calculating its eigenvalues using quantum circuits, and combining the constraints of electromagnetic and kinetic energy terms, the problem of low accuracy in nuclear fusion simulation was solved, achieving efficient and low-cost nuclear fusion simulation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUOKAIKE QUANTUM TECH (ANHUI) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies are not precise enough in nuclear fusion simulations and cannot accurately describe the nuclear fusion reaction process.
A Hamiltonian H is constructed using a quantum circuit-based approach. Its eigenvalues are calculated using quantum circuits, and nuclear fusion reactions are simulated by combining the constraints of electromagnetic and kinetic energy terms.
It improves the accuracy and efficiency of nuclear fusion simulation, enabling simulation results to closely approximate experimental data, and provides an efficient and low-cost simulation environment.
Smart Images
Figure CN122263554A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of quantum computing technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, medium and device for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits. Background Technology
[0002] Simulation experiments of nuclear fusion are a crucial prerequisite for demonstrating the feasibility of fusion reactors. By establishing simulation experiments of magnetic fields and plasma flow fields, it is possible to examine whether there are any design flaws in the fusion reactor and to form a certain assessment of its performance indicators. Based on the simulation experiments, and considering factors such as material properties, engineering requirements, safety, and economy, the fusion reactor device and its supporting systems are designed. After the fusion reactor is built and put into operation, accurate and precise control of each component of the system is required to ensure the safe, stable, and continuous operation of the fusion reactor. The nuclear fusion reaction can be described as: D + T → 4He + n + 17.6 MeV, where D is deuterium, T is tritium, He is helium, and n is neutron. Currently, magnetohydrodynamics is commonly used for nuclear fusion simulation, but this approach generally suffers from low accuracy. Therefore, improving the accuracy of nuclear fusion simulation is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method, apparatus, medium and device for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art.
[0004] In a first aspect, the method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits provided in the embodiments of the present invention is characterized by comprising the following steps: Based on the types of energy produced by nuclear fusion reactions, multiple energy models are constructed, including kinetic energy, potential energy, and electromagnetic energy.
[0005] Based on the various energy models described, a Hamiltonian H is constructed, where H = T + U + E, where T is the kinetic energy term, U is the potential energy term, and E is the electromagnetic energy term. The constraints on the electromagnetic energy term include the electric field strength and the magnetic field strength.
[0006] Under the physical conditions set for the various energy models, the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H are calculated using quantum circuits.
[0007] Under the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H, obtain the constraint conditions corresponding to the electromagnetic energy term, the constraint conditions corresponding to the electromagnetic energy term, and the physical conditions corresponding to the kinetic energy term, wherein the quantum circuit is a parameterized quantum circuit.
[0008] The constraints corresponding to the electromagnetic energy term, the physical conditions corresponding to the kinetic energy term, and the physical conditions corresponding to the kinetic energy term are input into the collision model to simulate the nuclear fusion reaction.
[0009] In some examples, using quantum circuits, calculating the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H includes: The quantum circuit calculates the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H based on the variational quantum algorithm.
[0010] In some examples, after simulating a nuclear fusion reaction, the method further includes: Obtain the relative velocity between any two particles during the plasma collision process of the nuclear fusion reaction and calculate the reaction cross section of this nuclear fusion based on the relative velocity; Based on the reaction cross section of this nuclear fusion, the reaction rate of this nuclear fusion is determined; The simulation accuracy of this nuclear fusion is determined based on the reaction cross section and the reaction rate of this nuclear fusion.
[0011] In some examples, the physical conditions for the kinetic energy term include particle mass and system temperature.
[0012] In some examples, the physical conditions for the potential energy term include: particle density and an initial value for the set reaction cross section.
[0013] Secondly, the apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present invention for implementing the method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits as disclosed in the first aspect includes: The calculation module is used to calculate the eigenvalues of the pre-constructed Hamiltonian H and determine the optimal conditions for plasma collisions in the nuclear fusion reaction based on the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H, wherein the optimal conditions include electric field strength and magnetic field strength.
[0014] The collision module is used to simulate plasma collisions in a nuclear fusion reaction based on the aforementioned optimal conditions.
[0015] In some examples, the computing module includes EfficientSU2.
[0016] In some examples, the collision module includes a quantum Monte Carlo simulation model.
[0017] Thirdly, the computing device provided in the embodiments of the present invention includes: processor; Memory used to store the processor's executable instructions; The processor is configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits as described in any one of claims 1-5.
[0018] Fourthly, the computer-readable storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present invention stores computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits as described in any one of claims 1-5.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the method, apparatus, medium and equipment for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits provided in the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: By constructing a Hamiltonian H and obtaining its eigenvalues and corresponding constraints based on quantum circuits, the accuracy and efficiency of nuclear fusion simulation are improved. Attached Figure Description
[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below.
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a quantum circuit corresponding to an apparatus for implementing a method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the collision effect output by a quantum circuit-based method for simulating nuclear fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the total energy output by a method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a computing device based on a quantum circuit to simulate nuclear fusion, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device as a classic computing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The principles and spirit of the present invention will be described below with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided to make the principles and spirit of the present invention clearer and more thorough, enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the principles and spirit of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments provided herein are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described herein without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0025] In this document, terms such as first, second, and third are used only to distinguish one entity (or operation) from another entity (or operation), and are not intended to require or imply any order or relationship between these entities (or operations).
[0026] The following is a brief description of the concepts and technical terms that may be involved in the embodiments of the present invention.
[0027] In classical computing, the basic unit of information is the bit, which has only two values: "0" or "1". In quantum computing, the basic unit of information is the qubit. Based on the laws of quantum mechanics, a qubit exists in two fundamental states: |0> and |1>. A qubit can be a linear combination of these two ground states, often called a superposition, mathematically represented as: |ψ> = a|0> + b|1>. Here, |ψ> is the quantum state, and a and b are two complex numbers satisfying |a| 2 +|b| 2 =1, hence it is also called the probability amplitude. In classical computing, circuits are typically used to implement calculations, and circuits include logic gates. Correspondingly, quantum computing uses quantum circuits and quantum gates to control quantum information to achieve quantum calculations, and any quantum gate can be represented by a unitary matrix.
[0028] Commonly used quantum gates in quantum computing include single-Qubit gates and multi-Qubit gates. Among them, single-Qubit gates include, for example, quantum R... x Gate, Quantum R y Gate, Quantum R z Quantum gates, quantum H-gates, quantum Pauli-X gates, quantum Pauli-Z gates, etc. Taking quantum R... y Taking the gate as an example, quantum R y The y-axis gate, also known as the rotation y-gate, is a single-qubit operation that rotates the vector around the y-axis by an angle θ (radians). The Hadamard gate maps the ground state | 0> vector to... Map the ground state |1> vector to This creates an equal superposition of two ground states. The full name of the quantum Z-gate is the Pauli-Z-gate. The Pauli-Z-gate is a single-qubit operation that rotates by π radians around the Z-axis from the perspective of vector space or the Bloch sphere model. The quantum X-gate, also called the NOT gate, is used to invert the qubit (from the perspective of vector space or the Bloch sphere model, this means reversing or rotating it around the x-axis). (radians), that is In physics, it can be represented by symbols. or It is represented by [the matrix form]. In quantum circuits, the matrix representation of a quantum H-gate is: The quantum Z-gate is a parameterized quantum gate, and its rotation angle can be changed as needed; the matrix representation of the CNOT gate is as follows: .
[0029] Multiple-Qubit gates include, for example, the CNOT gate. The CNOT gate, short for Control Not Gate, is a two-Qubit operation, where the first Qubit is usually called the control Qubit, and the second Qubit is called the target Qubit. Representing the CNOT gate in its ground state: when the control Qubit is in state |1>, the control Qubit remains unchanged, and an X-gate operation is performed on the target Qubit; when the control Qubit is in state |0>, the target Qubit remains unchanged.
[0030] Example 1 Figure 1 This invention provides a method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits, comprising the following steps: S101 constructs multiple energy models based on the types of energy produced by nuclear fusion reactions, including kinetic energy, potential energy, and electromagnetic energy.
[0031] S102. Based on the multiple energy models, construct the Hamiltonian H, where H = T + U + E, where T is the kinetic energy term, U is the potential energy term, and E is the electromagnetic energy term. The constraints of the electromagnetic energy term include the electric field strength and the magnetic field strength.
[0032] Specifically, In quantum mechanics, kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the momentum operator p. In this equation, p is the possible momentum value at a discrete grid point, m is the mass of the particle, and t is the temperature of the system. (The last part, "I⊗", appears to be a typo and can be left as is.) num_qubits In this context, I is the identity operator in quantum computing, the kinetic energy term T is determined by a series of discrete values of the kinetic energy p, grid_size is a preset value, and num_qubits is the number of qubits in the quantum circuit, indicating that the kinetic energy term acts on the entire system without changing the quantum state of the system. Since quantum computers cannot directly process integrals, these continuous expressions need to be converted into discrete forms. This application discretizes continuous variables into a certain number of grid points to facilitate processing by quantum computers. When the number of qubits is 3, for I⊗ 3 This indicates that the tensor product operation is performed on three 2×2 identity operators I, where, .
[0033] Specifically, The potential energy term U describes the energy of a particle in a potential field. In this equation, V(x) is the potential energy function, which depends on the spatial position x, density is the particle density, and reaction_cross_section is the reaction cross section of the inter-particle interaction, used to describe the reaction probability. Similarly, I⊗num_qubits indicates that the potential energy term acts on the entire system.
[0034] Specifically, The electromagnetic energy term E includes the electric and magnetic field energy of the system. E is the electric field strength, B is the magnetic field strength, ϵ0 is the vacuum permittivity, μ0 is the vacuum permeability, and magnetic_config is an adjustment factor used to describe the effect of different magnetic field configurations on the electric and magnetic field strengths, which can affect the calculation result of the electromagnetic energy term E.
[0035] Specifically, once the Hamiltonian is created, quantum variational algorithms can be used to optimize the constraints on plasma stability in nuclear fusion reactions, or to simulate collision models of nuclear fusion.
[0036] S103, under the physical conditions set by multiple energy models, uses quantum circuits to calculate the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H. These eigenvalues represent the theoretical energy of the quantum system in a stable state.
[0037] In some examples, using quantum circuits, calculating the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H includes: The quantum circuit calculates the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H based on the variational quantum algorithm.
[0038] Specifically, this variational quantum algorithm, VQE, is used to find the eigenvalues (ground state energy of a quantum system) of a given Hamiltonian H. By finding the ground state of the Hamiltonian that describes the nuclear fusion process, it helps determine under what conditions a nuclear fusion reaction is most likely to occur and helps find conditions that minimize the system energy, thus providing constraints to maintain the stability of the nuclear fusion reaction. When the Hamiltonian H is an eigenvalue, the system used to simulate the nuclear fusion reaction is in a stable state, indicating that the nuclear fusion reaction is also in a stable state. This allows for accurate simulation of nuclear fusion. Furthermore, because the VQE algorithm has low complexity, high efficiency, and is freely available and inexpensive, it provides an efficient and low-cost quantum simulation environment for nuclear fusion.
[0039] S104, under the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H, obtains the constraint conditions corresponding to the electromagnetic energy term, the constraint conditions corresponding to the electromagnetic energy term, and the physical conditions corresponding to the kinetic energy term. This quantum circuit is a parameterized quantum circuit. Because the Hamiltonian H comprehensively considers the influence of physical factors such as system temperature, particle density, reaction cross-section, electric field strength, and magnetic field strength, it can improve simulation accuracy.
[0040] S105 inputs the constraints corresponding to the electromagnetic energy term, the physical conditions corresponding to the kinetic energy term, and the physical conditions corresponding to the kinetic energy term into the collision model to simulate the nuclear fusion reaction.
[0041] Specifically, the physical conditions for the kinetic energy term include: particle mass and system temperature.
[0042] Specifically, the physical conditions for the potential energy term include: particle density and the initial value of the set reaction cross section.
[0043] In some examples, the method further includes, after simulating a nuclear fusion reaction: Obtain the relative velocity between any two particles during the plasma collision process of the nuclear fusion reaction and calculate the reaction cross section of this nuclear fusion based on the relative velocity; Based on the reaction cross section of this nuclear fusion, the reaction rate of this nuclear fusion is determined; The simulation accuracy of this nuclear fusion is determined based on the reaction cross section and the reaction rate of this nuclear fusion.
[0044] In one example, the simulation accuracy of this nuclear fusion experiment is calculated using the formula w=(w1+w2) / 2, where, w2 = R1 / R The reaction cross section of nuclear fusion is calculated based on simulation results. R represents the reaction cross section obtained under real nuclear fusion, R1 represents the nuclear fusion reaction rate calculated based on the simulation results, and R represents the reaction rate obtained under real nuclear fusion.
[0045] Specifically, the reaction rate of nuclear fusion describes the number of nuclear fusion reactions per unit time and unit volume. The expression for the reaction rate R is: ,in, n i 、n j Particles i and j Number density (number of particles per unit volume). The cross section represents the probability of a nuclear fusion reaction. V The relative velocity between the two particles. The average reaction rate is given.
[0046] (1) Calculate the average reaction rate Since the relative velocities between particles in plasma follow a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, it is necessary to average all relative velocities between particles. The formula for calculating the average reaction rate is as follows: ,in, f (v Let be the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function of the relative velocity between the two particles. Reaction cross section Dependence on relative energy E , , , K Let t be the Boltzmann constant and t be the system temperature. m i , m j Particles i and j Its mass changes slowly in the low energy range. Z is the Sommerfeld parameter, which describes the probability of tunneling through the Coulomb barrier. i Z j Particles i and j The number of charges, e For elementary charge, The vacuum permittivity, is the reduced Planck constant.
[0047] (2) Calculate the average reaction rate f(v) and Substitute into the formula respectively ,in, , S ( E ) is the cross-sectional factor (S factor). ; By combining the integral expression and substituting all terms, we get: ,in, The Gamow energy is the reaction Coulomb barrier height.
[0048] As can be seen, the experimental data obtained using the quantum circuit-based nuclear fusion simulation method disclosed in this invention is very close to the data from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and CERN in the United States. The data from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and CERN are actual experimental test data, not data obtained through simulation. This means that a near-realistic nuclear fusion reaction can be obtained simply through simulation, indicating that the quantum circuit-based nuclear fusion simulation method disclosed in this invention has high accuracy. Example
[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an apparatus for implementing the method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits disclosed in Embodiment 1 above. The apparatus includes: The calculation module is used to calculate the eigenvalues of the pre-constructed Hamiltonian H and determine the optimal conditions for plasma collisions in the nuclear fusion reaction based on the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H, wherein the optimal conditions include electric field strength and magnetic field strength. In one example, the computation module includes the quantum circuit EfficientSU2. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the computing module also includes nine sub-circuits, from the first to the ninth, each of which includes a quantum H gate.
[0050] Specifically, the process for calculating the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian is as follows: Construct the Hamiltonian; Define a parameterized quantum circuit EfficientSU2; Use SLSQP as the optimizer; Run the VQE algorithm, using an optimizer and quantum circuits to obtain the eigenvalues (minimum energy values) of the Hamiltonian.
[0051] Specifically, EfficientSU2 is a special type of parameterized quantum circuit that includes single-qubit gates and two-qubit CNOT gates. For each layer of EfficientSU2, each qubit applies two parameterized rotation gates: a quantum Rx gate and a quantum Ry gate. For example, for a two-qubit circuit, each layer has four parameters. Since each layer is repeated three times, the total number of parameters is 4 * 3 = 12. However, because EfficientSU2 adds an extra rotation layer at the end of each repeated block, there are actually four blocks in the two-qubit circuit (three repeated blocks and one extra rotation layer), each with four parameters, so there are actually 4 * 4 = 16 parameters, corresponding to θ(0) to θ(15). This design aims to increase the expressive power of the quantum circuit, enabling it to represent a larger function space to find solutions to complex problems. Using the VQE algorithm, the optimal values of these phase parameters can be obtained so that the corresponding quantum state is the ground state of the Hamiltonian. To obtain the optimal values for these parameters, an optimizer, SLSQP, is used. The optimizer tries different parameters and uses quantum circuits to estimate the corresponding energy values. In multiple iterations, the SLSQP optimizer adjusts the parameters based on the obtained energy values until it finds a set of parameters that minimizes the energy.
[0052] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the input computing module has 9 qubits, q0-q8, which represent the physical conditions and constraints of the simulated nuclear fusion reaction, respectively.
[0053] The collision module (not shown in the figure) is used to simulate the collision of plasma in a nuclear fusion reaction based on the aforementioned optimal conditions.
[0054] Specifically, the collision effect diagram obtained through this collision module is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. Figure 4 As shown, this collision module can also calculate and output the total energy produced by the nuclear fusion reaction. This total energy can be obtained through experimental measurements, such as the rate of neutron production and radiation. In nuclear fusion reactions, total energy usually refers to the actual energy released during the reaction. For example, in a deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion reaction, two light nuclei combine to form a helium nucleus and a neutron, releasing a large amount of energy (approximately 17.6 MeV). This released energy includes the mass difference between reactants and products during nuclear fusion (as defined by Einstein's mass-energy equivalence equation E=mc²). 2 (Explanation), and the energy of interactions between other particles.
[0055] In one example, the collision model includes a quantum Monte Carlo simulation model. A quantum Monte Carlo simulation model is a Monte Carlo model that uses a quantum computer for simulation and computation. It is based on the Monte Carlo method, but leverages properties such as quantum parallelism and quantum entanglement to provide more efficient computational results than traditional computers for certain problems. The Monte Carlo method is a method for solving mathematical problems using random samples. Imagine being in a dark room and wanting to know how many tables are in the room. If you randomly throw many balls in the room and then count how many balls land on the tables, you can estimate the number of tables. The Monte Carlo method is similar, except that it is used to solve more complex mathematical and physical problems. In recent years, with the development of quantum computing technology, Monte Carlo models have been used in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and other fields, as well as in nuclear science and technology, mechanical engineering, astronomy, and instrumentation science and technology.
[0056] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the collision model includes the tenth to fourteenth sub-circuits. The tenth to thirteenth sub-circuits all include quantum H gates, and the fourteenth sub-circuit includes quantum Pauli-X gates and 13 quantum CNOT gates. The qubits input to the collision module are q9-q. 13 It has a total of 5 qubits, of which qubit q9-q 13 These represent particles, and the quantum Pauli-X gate is used to adjust the initial state and initialize the conditions for nuclear fusion simulation.
[0057] Specifically, such as Figure 2As shown, the device also includes an Inverse Quantum Fourier Transform (IQFT) module, which converts the phase information of the qubit into a measurable probability amplitude and extracts the phase information previously encoded by phase rotation, so that subsequent measurements can directly read the value of the phase, that is, the parameters optimized in the VQE algorithm (electric field strength, magnetic field strength, etc.) can be read out.
[0058] Since each quantum gate that makes up a quantum circuit can be represented by a matrix, the effect of a quantum gate on a quantum bit, or operation, in a quantum circuit can be represented as a matrix product between the quantum gates.
[0059] In quantum mechanics, the total energy of a system is determined by the Hamiltonian H. In fact, the eigenvalues of this Hamiltonian H are the possible total energy values of the system. Under certain conditions, these energy values can be positive, negative, or even zero. When using the VQE algorithm to solve a problem such as one in quantum chemistry, the Hamiltonian of an atomic or molecular system is typically solved. This Hamiltonian is usually defined by the electronic structure of the molecule, and the energy value in the system is often negative. This is because the potential energy of electrons attracted by the nucleus is usually much greater than the kinetic energy of the electrons; therefore, the total energy (the combination of kinetic, potential, and electromagnetic energy) is mostly negative. Therefore, based on quantum circuits and the VQE algorithm, the plasma collision process in nuclear fusion reactions can be simulated efficiently, improving simulation efficiency. Furthermore, because the VQE algorithm is open-source, it can be used freely and at a low cost.
[0060] Although the Hamiltonian H itself does not have a θ parameter, the VQE algorithm works as follows: Choose a parameterized quantum circuit EfficientSU2, which typically contains some rotating gates with a rotation angle of θ; Run the circuit using the current parameter values (e.g., θ) to prepare a quantum state; Calculate the expected value of the Hamiltonian in this state; The parameter θ is adjusted using a classical optimization algorithm to minimize the expected value of the Hamiltonian; Repeat the above steps until the desired accuracy is achieved or other stopping conditions are met.
[0061] like Figure 5As shown, the computing device 20 includes a quantum data plane 21, a control and measurement plane 22, and a control processor plane 23 in its hardware structure. The quantum data plane 21 is where the qubits are located. The control and measurement plane 22 operates and measures the qubits as needed. The algorithm in the control processor plane 23 determines the required order of operations and measurements. The hardware structures of the aforementioned computing devices vary depending on the implementation method. Taking an ion trap quantum computer as an example, the quantum data plane 21 is an ion trap. The most common types of ion traps are Penning traps and Paul traps. In a Penning trap, a static electric field provides axial confinement to the particle, and a parallel static magnetic field provides radial confinement. The potential formed by the combination of electric and magnetic fields confines the particle. In a Paul trap, a periodic potential that oscillates rapidly over time is generated in two or three dimensions using a DC signal and a high-frequency oscillating signal. Under certain conditions, this potential field can confine the particle within the trap. In other words, the Paul trap confines the particle through the potential formed by the combination of a static electric field and an oscillating electric field. A single particle in the ion trap can serve as a qubit. The ion trap's main processor (equivalent to control processor plane 23) stores quantum algorithms. Based on these algorithms, a laser (equivalent to control and measurement plane 22) is controlled to operate and measure the particles trapped in the ion trap, thereby achieving quantum computing. In this embodiment, when an ion trap quantum computer is used, 14 particles are trapped in the ion trap, each serving as a qubit. to Multiple lasers are used to implement quantum logic gate operations in each sub-circuit, and lasers and photon detectors complete the measurement function of the measurement module. The ion trap main processor stores the data capable of implementing quantum logic gate operations. Figure 2 The quantum program of the quantum circuit shown is followed by the ion trap main processor according to... Figure 2 The illustrated quantum circuit sends quantum gate information to three lasers, enabling the lasers to perform quantum gate operations on the particles in the ion trap. Once the calculation is complete, the laser serving as the measurement module irradiates the particle to be measured with resonant laser light. This operation causes the state of the particle, which already carries quantum information, to collapse, forcing each qubit into one of two states (state 0 or state 1). When the particle is in state 1, its atomic energy levels transition and release photons when irradiated by the laser. In state 0, the particle does not release photons. Therefore, by collecting and measuring whether the particle emits photons when irradiated by the measurement laser, the collapsed state of the particle being measured can be read. In one embodiment, a photoelectric converter or photon detector converts the optical signal into an electrical signal to obtain the corresponding classical binary information of 0 or 1, which can then be sent to a classical computing device.
[0062] Other types of computing devices can also achieve this. Figure 2The device shown is an optical quantum computer, for example, comprising a single-photon source, a single-photon control switch circuit, an optical circuit, and a photon detector. The single-photon source generates photons as quanta and sends them into the optical circuit via the single-photon control switch circuit. The optical circuit implements various quantum logic gates. As photons sequentially pass through these gates, corresponding quantum calculations are performed. The photons that have completed quantum calculations are measured by the photon detector, yielding the corresponding measurement values. The photon detector then converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and sends it to a classical computing device. When an optical quantum computer is applied to realize… Figure 1 In the method of simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits, the single-photon source has 14 output terminals, each generating qubits. to The photon, optical circuit, and photon detector together form three branches, thus obtaining... Figure 2 The device shown is similarly capable of being used by other types of computing devices, such as superconducting quantum computers and neutral atom quantum computers. Figure 2 The apparatus shown will not be described in detail here.
[0063] In this embodiment, Figure 2 The computing module in the device shown can be implemented using classical computing equipment.
[0064] Classic computing devices used to implement computing modules are any electronic device capable of providing a user interface and having a processing host, such as classic personal computers, industrial computers, workstations, etc. Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device as a classic computing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device includes a processor 601 and a memory 602 storing computer program instructions.
[0065] Specifically, the processor 601 may include a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits that can be configured to implement the embodiments of this application.
[0066] Memory 602 may include mass storage for data or instructions. For example, and not limitingly, memory 602 may include a hard disk drive (HDD), floppy disk drive, flash memory, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, magnetic tape, or Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive, or a combination of two or more of these. Where appropriate, memory 602 may include removable or non-removable (or fixed) media. Where appropriate, memory 602 may be internal or external to the integrated gateway disaster recovery device. In a particular embodiment, memory 602 is non-volatile solid-state memory.
[0067] Memory may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk storage media devices, optical storage media devices, flash memory devices, and electrical, optical, or other physical / tangible memory storage devices. Therefore, typically, memory includes one or more tangible (non-transitory) computer-readable storage media (e.g., memory devices) encoded with software including computer-executable instructions, and when the software is executed (e.g., by one or more processors), it is operable to perform the operations described with reference to the method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits according to an aspect of the invention.
[0068] The processor 601 implements the method of simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits in the above embodiments by reading and executing computer program instructions stored in the memory 602.
[0069] In one example, the electronic device may also include a communication interface 603 and a bus 610. For example, Figure 6 As shown, the processor 601, memory 602, and communication interface 603 are connected via bus 610 and communicate with each other. The electronic device in this embodiment can be a server or other computing device, or it can be a cloud server.
[0070] The communication interface 603 is mainly used to realize communication between various modules, devices, units and / or equipment in the embodiments of this application.
[0071] Bus 610 includes hardware, software, or both, that couples components of an online data traffic metering device together. For example, and not limitingly, the bus may include an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or other graphics bus, an Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, a Front Side Bus (FSB), HyperTransport (HT) interconnect, an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, an Infinite Bandwidth Interconnect, a Low Pin Count (LPC) bus, a memory bus, a Microchannel Architecture (MCA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, a PCI-Express (PCI-X) bus, a Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association Local (VLB) bus, or other suitable buses, or combinations of two or more of these. Where appropriate, bus 610 may include one or more buses. Although specific buses are described and illustrated in embodiments of this application, any suitable bus or interconnect is contemplated herein.
[0072] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, wherein computer instructions are stored therein, which, when executed by a processor, implement the aforementioned method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, a classical computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk storage medium, optical storage medium, flash memory, electrical, optical, or other physical / tangible memory storage device. It may also be a storage medium for storing quantum information that is readable by a quantum computer, such as quantum random access memory (QRAM). QRAM can be considered a quantum version of RAM in a classical computer. Through QRAM, quantum superposition states containing information can be created. Compared to RAM, which requires reading each element individually, superimposed data can be read at superimposed addresses. QRAM can be implemented using physical methods such as optics, semiconductor quantum dots, superconducting circuits, ion traps, etc.
[0073] The flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses, systems, and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention have been exemplarily described above, and related aspects have been described. It should be understood that each block or combination thereof in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams may be implemented by computer program instructions, by dedicated hardware performing a specified function or action, or by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions. For example, these computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to form a machine such that these instructions, which execute via such processor, enable the implementation of the function / action specified in each block or combination thereof in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Such a processor may be a general-purpose processor, a dedicated processor, a special-purpose application processor, or a field-programmable logic circuit.
[0074] The functional blocks shown in the structural block diagram of this invention can be implemented as hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. When implemented in hardware, they can be, for example, electronic circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), appropriate firmware, plug-ins, function cards, etc.; when implemented in software, they are programs or code segments used to perform the required tasks. Programs or code segments can be stored in memory or transmitted over a transmission medium or communication link via data signals carried on a carrier wave. Code segments can be downloaded via computer networks such as the Internet or intranets.
[0075] It should be noted that this invention is not limited to the specific configurations and processes described above or shown in the figures. The above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of this invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the described systems, devices, modules, or units can be referred to the corresponding processes in the method embodiments, and need not be repeated here. It should be understood that the scope of protection of this invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent modifications or substitutions conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.
Claims
1. A method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Based on the types of energy produced by nuclear fusion reactions, multiple energy models are constructed, including kinetic energy, potential energy, and electromagnetic energy. Based on the various energy models described, a Hamiltonian H is constructed, where H = T + U + E, where T is the kinetic energy term, U is the potential energy term, and E is the electromagnetic energy term. The constraints on the electromagnetic energy term include the electric field strength and the magnetic field strength. Under the physical conditions set for the various energy models, the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H are calculated using quantum circuits. Under the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H, obtain the constraint conditions corresponding to the electromagnetic energy term, the constraint conditions corresponding to the electromagnetic energy term, and the physical conditions corresponding to the kinetic energy term, wherein the quantum circuit is a parameterized quantum circuit; The constraints corresponding to the electromagnetic energy term, the physical conditions corresponding to the kinetic energy term, and the physical conditions corresponding to the kinetic energy term are input into the collision model to simulate the nuclear fusion reaction.
2. The method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that, Calculating the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H using quantum circuits includes: The quantum circuit calculates the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H based on the variational quantum algorithm.
3. The method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that, Following the simulation of a nuclear fusion reaction, the method further includes: Obtain the relative velocity between any two particles during the plasma collision process of the nuclear fusion reaction and calculate the reaction cross section of this nuclear fusion based on the relative velocity; Based on the reaction cross section of this nuclear fusion, the reaction rate of this nuclear fusion is determined; The simulation accuracy of this nuclear fusion is determined based on the reaction cross section and the reaction rate of this nuclear fusion.
4. The method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical conditions for the kinetic energy term include: particle mass and system temperature.
5. The method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical conditions for the potential energy term include: particle density and the initial value of the set reaction cross section.
6. An apparatus for implementing the method of simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: The calculation module is used to calculate the eigenvalues of the pre-constructed Hamiltonian H and determine the optimal conditions for plasma collisions in the nuclear fusion reaction based on the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian H, wherein the optimal conditions include electric field strength and magnetic field strength. The collision module is used to simulate plasma collisions in a nuclear fusion reaction based on the aforementioned optimal conditions.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The computing module includes EfficientSU2.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The collision module includes a quantum Monte Carlo simulation model.
9. A computing device, characterized in that, include: processor; Memory used to store the processor's executable instructions; The processor is configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits as described in any one of claims 1-5.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the method for simulating nuclear fusion based on quantum circuits as described in any one of claims 1-5.