A method for designing a whitewater rescue facility, a training system and a demonstration device

Abstract

This invention relates to a design method, training system, and demonstration device for rescue facilities in turbulent waters. The method includes: Step S1, establishing a physical model: establishing a fixed-bed physical model similar to the prototype hydraulic model, the physical model including a waterway model and obstacle models placed within the waterway model, the obstacle models causing the water flow through the waterway model to form a predetermined turbulent flow pattern; Step S2, physical model testing: simulating the turbulent flow pattern on the physical model, establishing a database containing the mapping relationship between the flow pattern, the arrangement of obstacle models, and hydraulic parameters; Step S3, CFD numerical simulation and optimization: establishing a numerical model to conduct parametric research and optimization of the obstacle models, obtaining optimized obstacle model design parameters. This application proposes a tandem design method of "physical model testing + CFD numerical simulation optimization," which improves the scientific and economical nature of the design, can simulate typical turbulent flow patterns that endanger personnel safety with high fidelity, and enhances training effectiveness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of rescue training facilities, specifically to a design method, training system, and demonstration device for a rescue facility in turbulent waters. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the intensification of global climate change and the frequent occurrence of water disasters such as floods, there has been an urgent need for specialized water rescue capabilities. my country's rescue teams largely rely on natural river channels for training, which presents challenges such as complex environments, treacherous hydrodynamic characteristics, strong weather dependence, high safety risks, and limited training content, making it difficult to conduct systematic and standardized rescue skills training. Therefore, there is an urgent need for training using artificially simulated natural river channels. However, when designing artificial training systems, accurately simulating the turbulent flow patterns under natural conditions is a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the above description, the present invention provides a design method, training system and demonstration device for rescue facilities in turbulent waters, so as to accurately simulate the turbulent flow state under natural conditions.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: Firstly, this application provides a design method for a rescue facility in turbulent waters, including: Step S1, establish a physical model: determine the geometric scale of the physical model, and determine the hydraulic parameter scale according to the gravity similarity criterion, and establish a fixed-bed physical model similar to the prototype hydraulic model. The physical model includes a waterway model and an obstacle model set in the waterway model. The obstacle model causes the water to form a set turbulent flow state when it flows through the waterway model. Step S2, Physical Model Test: Simulate the turbulent flow state on the physical model, and establish a database containing the mapping relationship between the flow state, the arrangement of the obstacle model and the hydraulic gradient by changing the flow rate, the arrangement of the obstacle model and the hydraulic gradient, and measuring the hydraulic parameters of the key sections. Step S3, CFD numerical simulation and optimization: Based on the boundary conditions and initial flow state determined by the physical model experiment in step S2, a three-dimensional transient turbulence numerical model is established. Virtual experiments are conducted using this numerical model to perform refined simulations of complex flow regions in order to analyze the three-dimensional flow field structure. The numerical model is then used to conduct parametric research and optimization of the obstacle model to obtain optimized obstacle model design parameters.

[0005] Preferably, when establishing the physical model in step S1, multiple obstacle models are set in the waterway model, and the multiple obstacle models make the turbulent flow patterns formed by the water flow different from each other; In the physical model test in step S2, multiple turbulent flow regimes are simulated simultaneously using multiple obstacle models. By changing the flow rate, the arrangement of each obstacle model, and the hydraulic gradient, and by measuring the hydraulic parameters of the key sections of each turbulent flow regime, a database containing the mapping relationship between flow regime, obstacle model arrangement, and hydraulic parameters is established for each of the multiple different turbulent flow regimes. In step S3CFD numerical simulation and optimization, a numerical model identical to the physical model is established. Virtual experiments are conducted using this numerical model to perform refined simulations of complex flow regions corresponding to each turbulent flow state in order to analyze the three-dimensional flow field structure. The numerical model is then used to conduct parametric studies and optimizations on each group of obstacle models, resulting in optimized obstacle model design parameters for multiple different turbulent flow states.

[0006] Secondly, this application provides a whitewater rescue training system, designed using the whitewater rescue facility design method described above, comprising: A training waterway having an inlet and an outlet, with a drop between the outlet and the inlet, the training waterway comprising multiple training segments distributed along the direction from the inlet to the outlet, each training segment having an obstacle for causing the water flow to form a set turbulent flow pattern; A water circulation system is used to supply water from an inlet to the training waterway; The obstacle arrangement and obstacle design parameters in the training segment are determined by combining the "flow state-obstacle model arrangement-hydraulic parameters" mapping relationship database obtained in step S2 corresponding to the turbulent flow state in the training segment, and the optimized obstacle model design parameters obtained in step S3 corresponding to the turbulent flow state in the training segment, according to the geometric scale conversion between the training channel size and the channel model.

[0007] Preferably, the obstacles in each training segment are detachable and their positions are adjustable.

[0008] Preferably, the turbulent flow pattern formed by the water flow in each training segment is one of the following: boiling line, tumbling flow, covering flow, smiling flow, frowning flow, vortex flow, and inverted V flow.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a safety monitoring system, which is used to monitor hydraulic parameters in each training segment and record video footage in each training segment.

[0010] Thirdly, this application provides a rapids rescue demonstration device, designed using the rapids rescue facility design method described above, for demonstrating rapids flow patterns, including: The demonstration waterway has an inlet and an outlet, with a drop between the inlet and the outlet. The demonstration waterway includes multiple demonstration segments distributed along the direction from the inlet to the outlet. Each demonstration segment is provided with a demonstration obstacle to make the water flow form a set turbulent flow pattern. A circulating water supply system for supplying water from an inlet to the demonstration waterway; The demonstration obstacle arrangement method and demonstration obstacle design parameters in the demonstration segment are determined by combining the "flow state-obstacle model arrangement method-hydraulic parameters" mapping relationship database obtained in step S2 corresponding to the turbulent flow state in the demonstration segment, and the optimized obstacle model design parameters obtained in step S3 corresponding to the turbulent flow state in the demonstration segment, according to the geometric scale conversion between the demonstration waterway size and the waterway model.

[0011] Preferably, the sidewalls and bottom of the demonstration waterway are transparent.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a tracer particle injection device for injecting tracer particles into the demonstration waterway to display the water flow trajectory.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes an interactive console and an augmented reality interface. The interactive console is used by personnel to select the demonstration flow state, and the augmented reality interface is used to connect to an AR device so that when the operator observes the demonstration water flow through the AR device, the flow field information of the demonstration water flow is superimposed on the physical model in the AR field of view.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has at least the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The design method for rescue facilities in turbulent waters proposed in this application presents a cascade design approach combining "physical model testing + CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) numerical simulation optimization," transforming facility design from experience-driven to data- and simulation-driven, thereby improving the scientific rigor and economy of the design. Based on this design method, a turbulent water rescue training system is designed using hydraulic principles and model testing, capable of simulating typical turbulent flow conditions that endanger personnel safety with high fidelity, thus enhancing training effectiveness.

[0015] 2. The rapids rescue training system of this application can accurately simulate a variety of typical rapids flow patterns. All rapids flow patterns are formed in an artificially controllable environment and can be adjusted in intensity levels. It can eliminate the safety hazards of training in natural river channels while carrying out rescue skills training in a systematic and standardized manner.

[0016] 3. The whitewater rescue demonstration device of this application is used in conjunction with the whitewater rescue training system. It can be used for intuitive teaching and theoretical explanation, and can realize a complete teaching loop from macro-level practical operation to micro-level mechanism, and from skills training to theoretical understanding, which greatly improves training efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rapids rescue training system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the formation of a smile flow by obstacles in a rapids rescue training system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rapids rescue demonstration device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the vortex flow formed by obstacles in the rapids rescue demonstration device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating the design method for rescue facilities in turbulent waters provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Training waterway; 1a. Demonstration waterway; 2. Water circulation system; 3. Obstacles; 31. Cylindrical obstacle; 32. Trapezoidal obstacle; 3a. Demonstration obstacle; 4. Water tank; 5. Downpipe; 6. Interactive control console; 7. Tracer particle injection device; 8. Augmented reality interface. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0021] It is understood that spatial relation terms such as "below," "under," "below," "below," "above," "above," etc., can be used here to describe the relationship between one element or feature shown in the figure and other elements or features. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientation shown in the figure, spatial relation terms also include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, the element or feature described as "below" or "below" of the other element or feature will be oriented "above" the other element or feature. Therefore, the exemplary terms "below" and "below" can include both upper and lower orientations. Furthermore, the device may also include other orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other orientations), and the spatial descriptive terms used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0022] It should be noted that when one element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or connected to the other element through an intermediary element. In the following embodiments, "connection" should be understood as "electrical connection," "communication connection," etc., if the connected circuits, modules, units, etc., have the transmission of electrical signals or data between them.

[0023] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or “having,” etc., specify the presence of the stated feature, whole, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a rapids water rescue training system, including a training waterway 1 and a water circulation system 2.

[0025] Training waterway 1 has an inlet and an outlet, with a drop between them to ensure natural water flow from the inlet to the outlet. Water circulation system 2 supplies water to training waterway 1 from the inlet. Specifically, water circulation system 2 can be a pump house, with corresponding water supply pipelines and flow regulating valves. The pump house inlet pipeline is connected to a water source, and the outlet pipeline extends to the inlet of training waterway 1. The flow rate is controlled by valves to achieve stepless or graded regulation of the water supply flow, thereby achieving stepless or graded regulation of the water flow within training waterway 1.

[0026] In this embodiment, the training waterway 1 is U-shaped, with two bends and three straight sections.

[0027] The training channel 1 includes multiple training segments distributed along the direction from the inlet to the outlet, and each training segment is provided with an obstacle 3 for causing the water flow to form a set turbulent flow pattern.

[0028] In each training segment, the turbulent flow pattern formed by the water flow is one of the following: boiling line, tumbling flow, covering flow, smiling flow, frowning flow, vortex flow, and inverted V flow.

[0029] Reference Figure 2 As shown, taking the "smile flow" example, in the training section where the smile flow needs to be formed, a simulated cylindrical obstacle 31 is placed in the center of the waterway. When the water flows past the cylindrical obstacle 31, the water level on the upstream side of the cylinder rises, forming obvious separation vortex zones on both sides, with a backflow zone (Kármán vortex block) downstream, thus simulating the "smile flow" pattern. Trainees can practice the technique of using water dynamics to escape the cylindrical obstacle 31 here, and the downstream backflow zone can be used as an area for rescuers to rest, observe, or wait for rescue.

[0030] In actual design, the obstacles 3 in each training segment are detachable and their position and height are adjustable. This allows for the creation of different flow patterns within the same area by replacing different obstacles 3, or by adjusting the position of the obstacles 3 to modify the turbulent flow pattern. This enables the formation of the required combination and sequence of turbulent flow patterns in the waterway according to actual training needs, satisfying diverse training requirements. The specific installation, disassembly, and adjustment methods are designed based on actual needs and are standard technical methods for technicians, so they will not be elaborated upon here.

[0031] In actual training, each training segment corresponds to a turbulent flow pattern. During training, according to the designed training flow pattern sequence, obstacles 3 corresponding to the simulated flow pattern are installed in each training segment to form the required simulated flow pattern.

[0032] Furthermore, to ensure the safety of the training process, a safety monitoring system is also set up. The safety monitoring system is used to monitor the hydraulic parameters in each training segment and record the video footage in each training segment.

[0033] Specifically, the safety monitoring system includes sensor components and a video monitoring system. The sensor components include current meters, depth sensors, etc., installed in training channel 1 to monitor hydraulic parameters such as flow velocity and water depth during the training process to verify whether the flow pattern meets the requirements. The video monitoring system captures and records video footage of each training segment, providing a reference for subsequent training effect analysis.

[0034] To verify the reconfigurability and training flexibility of the scheme in this embodiment, training can be performed according to the following scheme in actual training: 1. Scene Setup Training subject: Comprehensive drill of whitewater boat driving and personnel rescue.

[0035] Region sequence: boiling line region → covered flow region → smile flow region → vortex flow region.

[0036] Obstacle 3 configuration: There are 4 preset obstacle 3 layouts, each corresponding to a flow state.

[0037] 2. Implementation process The training boats enter from the entrance and first form a formation in the boat driving area on calm water.

[0038] Enter the boiling zone to practice boat overturning and self-rescue from drowning.

[0039] Then they entered the covered flow area to practice the stability control of the boat in the wavy water flow.

[0040] Then enter the smile flow area to practice obstacle avoidance and getting out of trouble in the return flow area.

[0041] Finally, we practiced turning using vortex power by passing through the vortex flow zone.

[0042] The endpoint is used for personnel rest and evaluation.

[0043] Based on the above, the rapids rescue training system provided in this embodiment can accurately simulate a variety of typical rapids flow patterns. All rapids flow patterns are formed in an artificially controllable environment and can be adjusted in intensity levels. While conducting rescue skills training in a systematic and standardized manner, it can also eliminate safety hazards in natural river training through real-time monitoring.

[0044] Reference Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment also provides a rapids water rescue demonstration device, which includes a demonstration waterway 1a and a circulating water supply system. The demonstration waterway 1a also has an inlet and an outlet, with a drop between the inlet and outlet. The demonstration waterway 1a includes multiple demonstration segments distributed along the direction from the inlet to the outlet. Each demonstration segment is provided with a demonstration obstacle 3a to create a set rapids flow pattern. The circulating water supply system is used to supply water from the inlet to the demonstration waterway 1a.

[0045] The demonstration device is mainly used for classroom teaching, tactical explanation, and demonstration of flow mechanisms.

[0046] Similarly, the turbulent flow patterns formed by the water flow in each demonstration segment are one of the following: boiling line, tumbling flow, covering flow, smiling flow, frowning flow, vortex flow, and inverted V flow.

[0047] In practical design, the combination of demonstration segments can be designed according to the demonstration needs, or the above-mentioned rapids water rescue training system can be directly scaled down to form a scaled-down model according to a certain ratio (e.g., 1:10). In this embodiment, the demonstration device is used as an example of a scaled-down model of the rapids water rescue training system.

[0048] The demonstration device is made of transparent material, making the side walls and bottom of the demonstration waterway 1a transparent, and the demonstration obstacle 3a is also made of transparent material (such as acrylic material), forming a transparent demonstration model for demonstration and observation.

[0049] In this embodiment, the circulating water supply system includes a water storage tank 4 and a water pump. The height of the water storage tank 4 is lower than the outlet of the demonstration waterway 1a. The water pump draws water from the water storage tank 4 and injects it into the inlet of the model demonstration waterway 1a. A downpipe 5 is provided at the outlet of the demonstration waterway 1a so that the water flows back into the water storage tank 4 to complete the circulation.

[0050] In practical design, the demonstration obstacle 3a is also designed to have an adjustable position and height within the demonstration channel 1a. Simultaneously, the hydraulic gradient of the demonstration channel 1a in each demonstration segment is also designed to be adjustable. This can be achieved through electric control, allowing for the adjustment of the position, height, and hydraulic gradient of the demonstration obstacle 3a. This enables the demonstration device to move different demonstration obstacles 3a to the same area to create different flow patterns, or to adjust the turbulent flow pattern by changing the position of the demonstration obstacles 3a. The specific electric adjustment method for the position, height, and hydraulic gradient of the demonstration obstacle 3a can be designed by those skilled in the art according to actual needs. For example, the demonstration obstacle 3a can be configured to be raised, lowered, and translated to adjust its position and height; different pads can be placed at the bottom of the demonstration channel 1a to change the hydraulic gradient; and the translation, raising, and lowering of the demonstration obstacle 3a, as well as the insertion or removal of the pads, can be controlled by a screw mechanism, cylinder, etc. The specific adjustment methods are conventional technical means and are not the focus of this application; therefore, they will not be elaborated upon here.

[0051] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the demonstration device is further equipped with an interactive control console 6, which has a touch screen or physical controls, allowing the operator to select different preset flow scenarios (such as "smile flow" and "vortex flow"). The system automatically adjusts the position of the demonstration waterway 1a, the water pump flow rate, the hydraulic gradient, etc. in the demonstration device according to the selected flow scenario, and demonstrates the formation process of the flow scenario in real time.

[0052] Reference Figure 3 As shown, furthermore, to more intuitively demonstrate the turbulent flow pattern, a tracer particle injection device 7 is provided. The tracer particle injection device 7 is used to inject tracer particles into the demonstration channel 1a of the demonstration model to display the water flow trajectory. Specifically, the tracer particles can be dyes. By injecting dyes into key locations in the flow field, the streamlines, vortex structures, etc., of the water flow are clearly visible.

[0053] Reference Figure 4As shown, taking the "vortex flow" demonstration mode as an example, the operator selects the "vortex flow" demonstration mode on the interactive control panel 6 of the demonstration device. The system automatically adjusts the position of the demonstration obstacles 3a within the demonstration model, moving a specific set of demonstration obstacles 3a inside the bend of the model's demonstration waterway 1a to the predetermined position, while simultaneously starting the water pump and adjusting it to the corresponding flow rate. The tracer particle injection device 7 releases colored dye at key parts of the flow field, allowing the observer to clearly see the stable vortex formed by the water flow in the bend through the transparent sidewall of the demonstration waterway 1a, as well as the rotational movement of the tracer dye within it. The interactive control panel 6 screen simultaneously displays textual explanations of the formation principle of this flow pattern and key points for escaping obstacles.

[0054] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the demonstration device can further be equipped with an augmented reality interface 8, which is set on the interactive control console 6 to connect to AR devices. When the operator observes the demonstration water flow through the AR device, the flow field information of the demonstration water flow (such as flow velocity vector, vorticity contour lines or pressure cloud map, etc.) is superimposed in the AR field of view to enhance the teaching depth.

[0055] To verify the effectiveness of the demonstration device in teaching, the following teaching experiments can be conducted: 1. Experimental setup Student groups: Group A (classroom lecture only), Group B (classroom lecture + observation of demonstration device), Group C (classroom lecture + demonstration device + AR superimposed flow field information).

[0056] Teaching content: The formation mechanism of smile flow and escape strategies.

[0057] Assessment method: After-class theoretical test (100 points) + practical simulation score (10 points).

[0058] 2. Implementation process Group A: The teacher explained the principle of smiling water flow using a PowerPoint presentation.

[0059] Group B: The teacher dynamically demonstrates the formation process of the smile flow on the demonstration device, and the students observe the streamlines and vortex structure.

[0060] Group C: Building on Group B, AR glasses are used to overlay and display the velocity vector field, pressure cloud map, and vorticity contour lines on the model, while the teacher explains the microscopic flow mechanism simultaneously.

[0061] 3. Evaluation of teaching effectiveness The average scores of the theoretical test and practical simulation for each group of students were summed, and a questionnaire was used to investigate teaching satisfaction.

[0062] Reference Figure 5As shown, this embodiment also provides a design method for a rapid water rescue facility. The aforementioned rapid water rescue training system and rapid water rescue demonstration device are both designed using this method.

[0063] Specifically, this design method includes the following steps: Step S1: Establish a physical model First, the geometric scale between the physical model and the natural prototype is determined, and the hydraulic parameter scale is determined based on the gravity similarity criterion. A fixed-bed physical model hydraulically similar to the natural prototype is then established. This physical model includes a waterway model and an obstacle model set within the waterway model. The obstacle model causes the water to form a predetermined turbulent flow pattern when flowing through the waterway model.

[0064] Specifically, before proceeding to step S1, the simulation requirements must be determined, such as the type of flow regime to be simulated and the hydraulic parameters to be considered (flow velocity, water depth, etc.). The specific simulation requirements are selected based on the actual situation. The physical model test should satisfy geometric similarity, flow motion similarity, and dynamic similarity. Dynamic similarity should follow the Froude similarity criterion. The geometric scale can be selected as (1:10)-(1:2), and the hydraulic parameter scale includes the velocity scale, flow rate scale, etc.

[0065] Step S2: Physical Model Experiment The flow regime was simulated on a physical model. By changing the flow rate, the arrangement of obstacle models, and the hydraulic gradient, and by measuring the hydraulic parameters of key sections, a database containing the mapping relationship between flow regime, obstacle model arrangement, and hydraulic parameters was established.

[0066] Specifically, the flow conditions in the experiment must meet the gravity similarity criterion. By changing the flow rate, the arrangement of obstacle models, and the hydraulic gradient, parameters such as the velocity distribution and water depth at key sections of the flow training segment are measured to obtain the hydraulic parameters of the flow regime. The data are compiled to form a database of the mapping relationship between "flow regime - obstacle model arrangement - hydraulic parameters", providing a data foundation for subsequent work.

[0067] Step S3: CFD Numerical Simulation and Optimization Based on the boundary conditions and initial flow regime determined by the physical model experiment in step S2, a three-dimensional transient turbulence high-fidelity numerical model was established. Virtual experiments were conducted using this model to perform refined simulations of complex flow regimes (such as the Karman vortex block of the smile flow and the vortex zone of the boiling line), analyzing the three-dimensional flow field structure. The numerical model was then used to parametrically study and optimize the obstacle model, obtaining optimized obstacle model design parameters. These optimized parameters include shape, angle of attack, and spacing, with the parameters requiring optimization adjusted according to actual conditions. During CFD numerical simulation, the focus was on the three-dimensional structure of the flow regime, vortex scale, local pressure field distribution, and velocity gradient field characteristics, and based on these, the shape of the obstacle model's attack surface, edge chamfers, and relative positions were optimized.

[0068] In step S1, when establishing the physical model, multiple obstacle models are set within the waterway model, and the multiple obstacle models make the turbulent flow patterns formed by the water flow different from each other.

[0069] In the physical model test in step S2, multiple turbulent flow regimes are simulated simultaneously using multiple obstacle models. By changing the flow rate, the arrangement of each obstacle model, and the hydraulic gradient, and by measuring the hydraulic parameters of key sections of each turbulent flow regime, a database containing the mapping relationship between flow regime, obstacle model arrangement, and hydraulic parameters is established for each of the multiple different turbulent flow regimes.

[0070] In step S3CFD numerical simulation and optimization, a numerical model identical to the physical model is established. Virtual experiments are conducted using this numerical model to perform refined simulations of complex flow regions corresponding to each turbulent flow state in order to analyze the three-dimensional flow field structure. The numerical model is then used to conduct parametric studies and optimizations on each group of obstacle models, resulting in optimized obstacle model design parameters for multiple different turbulent flow states.

[0071] The above settings can be used to conduct simulation experiments of multiple turbulent flow patterns at once, improving efficiency.

[0072] Alternatively, steps S1-S3 can be performed separately for each type of turbulent flow.

[0073] After completing experiments and optimizations for all required flow regimes, a database of mapping relationships between "flow regime - obstacle model arrangement - hydraulic parameters" and optimized obstacle model design parameters are obtained for each of the different turbulent flow regimes. Using this database as a reference, a full-scale turbulent water rescue training system and a turbulent water rescue demonstration device are constructed, as described in steps S41 and S42 below.

[0074] Step S41: Construction of a Whitewater Rescue Training System For the arrangement and design parameters of obstacles 3 in each training segment of training channel 1, based on the set turbulent flow state in the training segment, the mapping relationship database of "flow state-obstacle model arrangement-hydraulic parameters" corresponding to the turbulent flow state obtained in step S2, and the optimized obstacle model design parameters corresponding to the turbulent flow state obtained in step S3, are determined according to the geometric scale conversion between the size of training channel 1 and the channel model. After the arrangement and design parameters of obstacles 3 in each training segment are determined, the complete design parameters of the turbulent water rescue training system are obtained, and the construction of the turbulent water rescue training system is guided by the determined parameters.

[0075] To ensure the reliability of the construction parameters for the whitewater rescue training system, after obtaining the parameters for each training segment through steps S2 and S3, before converting the training channel 1 dimensions to the geometric scale of the channel model, multiple training segments are combined into a scaled-down complete whitewater rescue training system based on their unconverted parameters. A physical model is then established using these unconverted parameters in step S2 to obtain a further optimized database. Based on this database, the design parameters of the scaled-down complete whitewater rescue training system are further optimized. Then, based on these optimized design parameters, a numerical model is established in step S3 to obtain the further optimized obstacle design parameters for the scaled-down complete whitewater rescue training system. Thus, the further optimized design parameters for the scaled-down complete whitewater rescue training system are obtained. Finally, the design parameters of the scaled-down complete whitewater rescue training system are transformed according to the geometric scale of the training channel 1 and the channel model to obtain the design parameters of the full-scale complete whitewater rescue training system. Based on these full-scale design parameters, a numerical model identical to the full-scale complete whitewater rescue training system is established. Further step S3CFD numerical simulation and optimization are performed on this numerical model to further optimize the obstacle design parameters in the full-scale system, resulting in the final optimized design parameters of the full-scale complete whitewater rescue training system. These design parameters guide actual engineering construction, enabling the whitewater rescue training system to accurately simulate the required whitewater flow conditions.

[0076] Step S42: Construction of the rapids rescue demonstration device For each demonstration segment of the demonstration waterway 1a, the arrangement and design parameters of the demonstration obstacles 3a are determined based on the set turbulent flow state in the demonstration segment. This is done by combining the "flow state-obstacle model arrangement-hydraulic parameters" mapping database obtained in step S2 with the optimized obstacle model design parameters obtained in step S3, and converting the dimensions of the demonstration waterway 1a to the geometric scale of the waterway model. Once the arrangement and design parameters of the demonstration obstacles 3a in each demonstration segment are determined, complete design parameters for the turbulent water rescue demonstration device are obtained. These parameters guide the construction of the turbulent water rescue demonstration device. During the construction of the demonstration device, the integrated fabrication of the device is completed by combining visualization, interaction, and automatic control requirements.

[0077] Taking the optimized design of obstacle 3 and demonstration obstacle 3a corresponding to the covering flow as an example, firstly, a set of trapezoidal cross-section obstacles 32 was initially designed on a 1:10 physical model to narrow the waterway and generate covering flow, and corresponding data on the bottom width, top width, height, and upstream and downstream slopes of the trapezoids were set. Under a set flow rate, the flow velocity and water depth were measured, and the Froude number was calculated. Separation vortices appeared on the downstream slope of the trapezoids, and the covering flow exhibited an unstable state. Then, a detailed model of this area was established in CFD, and numerical simulation was performed. The simulation showed that changing the upstream face of the trapezoidal cross-section obstacle 32 to a streamlined curved surface could eliminate separation vortices and make the wavy water surface of the covering flow more stable. Based on this optimized design, the processing drawings of obstacle 3 in the rapids rescue training system were modified, and the parameters of the corresponding demonstration obstacle 3a in the demonstration device were updated simultaneously.

[0078] This embodiment has the following advantages: 1. Highly realistic flow simulation: Based on hydraulic principles and model tests, it can simulate various typical rapid flow patterns that endanger personnel safety with high fidelity, comprehensively covering the main water flow patterns of natural rivers, filling the gap in systematic artificial rapid flow training facilities in China.

[0079] 2. Scientific and reliable design: A series design method of "physical model test + CFD numerical simulation optimization" is proposed, which transforms facility design from experience-driven to data and simulation-driven, thereby improving the scientific and economical nature of the design.

[0080] 3. Training is safe and controllable: All rapid flow patterns are formed in an artificially controlled environment with adjustable intensity and real-time monitoring, completely eliminating safety hazards associated with training in natural river channels.

[0081] 4. Deep integration of teaching and training: A scaled-down transparent demonstration device was designed to match the full-size facilities, realizing a complete teaching loop from macro-level hands-on practice to micro-level mechanisms, and from skills training to theoretical understanding, which greatly improves training efficiency.

[0082] 5. Great potential for scalability and intelligence: The obstacle system can be modularly designed and configured with a digital control system, providing underlying support for future expansion into new flow patterns, integration of AR training, and realization of personalized intelligent training solutions.

[0083] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for rescue facilities in turbulent waters, characterized in that, include: Step S1, establish a physical model: determine the geometric scale of the physical model, and determine the hydraulic parameter scale according to the gravity similarity criterion, and establish a fixed-bed physical model similar to the prototype hydraulic model. The physical model includes a waterway model and an obstacle model set in the waterway model. The obstacle model causes the water to form a set turbulent flow state when it flows through the waterway model. Step S2, Physical Model Test: Simulate the turbulent flow state on the physical model, and establish a database containing the mapping relationship between the flow state, the arrangement of the obstacle model and the hydraulic gradient by changing the flow rate, the arrangement of the obstacle model and the hydraulic gradient, and measuring the hydraulic parameters of the key sections. Step S3, CFD numerical simulation and optimization: Based on the boundary conditions and initial flow state determined by the physical model experiment in step S2, a three-dimensional transient turbulence numerical model is established. Virtual experiments are conducted using this numerical model to perform refined simulations of complex flow regions in order to analyze the three-dimensional flow field structure. The numerical model is then used to conduct parametric research and optimization of the obstacle model to obtain optimized obstacle model design parameters.

2. The design method for rescue facilities in turbulent waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: When establishing the physical model in step S1, multiple obstacle models are set in the waterway model, and the multiple obstacle models make the turbulent flow patterns formed by the water flow different from each other; In the physical model test in step S2, multiple turbulent flow regimes are simulated simultaneously using multiple obstacle models. By changing the flow rate, the arrangement of each obstacle model, and the hydraulic gradient, and by measuring the hydraulic parameters of the key sections of each turbulent flow regime, a database containing the mapping relationship between flow regime, obstacle model arrangement, and hydraulic parameters is established for each of the multiple different turbulent flow regimes. In step S3CFD numerical simulation and optimization, a numerical model identical to the physical model is established. Virtual experiments are conducted using this numerical model to perform refined simulations of complex flow regions corresponding to each turbulent flow state in order to analyze the three-dimensional flow field structure. The numerical model is then used to conduct parametric studies and optimizations on each group of obstacle models, resulting in optimized obstacle model design parameters for multiple different turbulent flow states.

3. A rapids water rescue training system, characterized in that, The facility is designed using the method described in claim 2 for rescuing people in turbulent waters, and includes: Training waterway (1), the training waterway (1) has an inlet and an outlet, the outlet and the inlet are provided with a drop, the training waterway (1) includes a plurality of training segments distributed along the direction from the inlet to the outlet, and each training segment is provided with an obstacle (3) for making the water flow form a set turbulent flow state; A water circulation system (2) is provided for supplying water from an inlet to the training waterway (1); The arrangement of obstacles (3) and the design parameters of obstacles (3) in the training segment are determined by combining the mapping relationship database of "flow state-obstacle model arrangement method-hydraulic parameters" corresponding to the turbulent flow state in the training segment obtained in step S2, and the optimized obstacle model design parameters corresponding to the turbulent flow state in the training segment obtained in step S3, according to the geometric scale conversion between the size of the training channel (1) and the channel model.

4. The rapids rescue training system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The obstacles (3) in each training segment are removable and repositionable.

5. The rapids rescue training system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The turbulent flow pattern formed by the water flow in each training segment is one of the following: boiling line, tumbling flow, covering flow, smiling flow, frowning flow, vortex flow, and inverted V flow.

6. The rapids water rescue training system according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a safety monitoring system, which is used to monitor hydraulic parameters in each training segment and record video footage in each training segment.

7. A demonstration device for rescue in turbulent waters, characterized in that, Designed using the rapids rescue facility design method described in claim 2, and used to demonstrate rapids flow patterns, including: The demonstration waterway (1a) has an inlet and an outlet, with a drop between the inlet and the outlet. The demonstration waterway (1a) includes multiple demonstration segments distributed along the direction from the inlet to the outlet. Each demonstration segment is provided with a demonstration obstacle (3a) for causing the water flow to form a set turbulent flow pattern. A circulating water supply system for supplying water from an inlet to the demonstration waterway (1a); The arrangement of the demonstration obstacles (3a) and the design parameters of the demonstration obstacles (3a) in the demonstration segment are determined by combining the "flow state-obstacle model arrangement method-hydraulic parameters" mapping relationship database obtained in step S2 corresponding to the turbulent flow state in the demonstration segment, and the optimized obstacle model design parameters obtained in step S3 corresponding to the turbulent flow state in the demonstration segment, according to the geometric scale conversion between the size of the demonstration waterway (1a) and the waterway model.

8. The rapids rescue demonstration device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sidewalls and bottom of the demonstration waterway (1a) are transparent.

9. The rapids rescue demonstration device according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a tracer particle injection device (7) for injecting tracer particles into the demonstration channel (1a) to display the water flow trajectory.

10. The rapids rescue demonstration device according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes an interactive console (6) and an augmented reality interface (8). The interactive console (6) is used by personnel to select the demonstration flow state, and the augmented reality interface (8) is used to connect to an AR device so that when the operator observes the demonstration water flow through the AR device, the flow field information of the demonstration water flow is superimposed in the AR field of view.

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