Coaxial antenna array with three-frequency and ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatibility characteristics

Abstract

The application belongs to the electromagnetic field and microwave technology field, and particularly relates to a common-caliber antenna array with three-frequency and ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatibility characteristics. The three-frequency electromagnetic self-compatibility base station common-caliber antenna array comprises a double-frequency self-compatibility low-frequency antenna, a medium-frequency antenna array, a high-frequency antenna array and a three-frequency self-compatibility array reflection floor; the ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatibility common-caliber base station antenna array comprises a wideband self-compatibility low-frequency antenna, an ultra-wideband antenna array and a wideband self-compatibility array reflection floor. The medium-frequency antenna array is composed of M1xM1 medium-frequency antenna units with the same structure. The high-frequency antenna array (3) is composed of M2xM2 high-frequency antennas (6) with the same structure. The ultra-wideband antenna array is composed of NxN ultra-wideband antenna units with the same structure. In the application, the working frequency band of the three-frequency electromagnetic self-compatibility common-caliber base station antenna array is 0.79-1.0 GHz, 1.7-2.7 GHz and 3.1-4.1 GHz; the working frequency band of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatibility common-caliber base station antenna array is 0.69-0.96 GHz and 1.6-3.2 GHz.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic field and microwave technology, and specifically relates to a common aperture antenna array with tri-frequency and ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatibility characteristics. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid evolution of mobile communication technology, multiple generations of communication systems, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G, will coexist for a considerable period. Meanwhile, to achieve coordinated optimization of wide coverage and high capacity, operators often need to deploy communication systems across multiple frequency bands at the same base station site, such as 700 MHz, 1.8 GHz, 2.6 GHz, and 3.5 GHz. However, traditional multi-antenna deployment models often employ a "one frequency, one antenna" approach, leading to rapid saturation of base station rooftop resources and increasingly complex antenna structures. This not only increases construction and maintenance costs but also raises the risk of electromagnetic interference between systems.

[0003] From an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) perspective, a large low-frequency radiating element, when operating at high frequencies, is equivalent to a large metallic scatterer placed near the high-frequency radiating element. When high-frequency electromagnetic waves irradiate the low-frequency radiating arm, they induce high-frequency currents. The secondary radiation and scattering fields formed by these currents constitute electromagnetic interference (EMI) to the high-frequency antenna. On the one hand, this alters the electromagnetic environment around the array element, leading to radiation characteristic degradation such as pattern distortion and increased sidelobes. On the other hand, it affects port impedance and current distribution through coupling, thus adversely impacting circuit-level performance such as standing wave ratio (SWR) and port isolation. If this coupling and scattering are not controlled, the mutual interference between high- and low-frequency elements will worsen the overall EMC characteristics of the system, potentially causing system instability, decreased communication quality, and even failure to meet relevant electromagnetic radiation and immunity standards. Therefore, these effects must be carefully considered and suppressed in the design of multi-frequency common-aperture antennas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides an electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on a PLC structure. The antenna array includes a low-frequency antenna, a high-frequency antenna array, and a reflector ground plane. The radiating arm of the low-frequency antenna integrates a PLC structure composed of distributed inductors and distributed capacitors. The PLC structure is configured to achieve parallel resonance within the operating frequency band of the high-frequency antenna array to suppress the induced current excited by the high-frequency antenna array on the radiating arm of the low-frequency antenna, while simultaneously achieving series resonance within the operating frequency band of the low-frequency antenna itself to maintain the radiation performance of the low-frequency antenna.

[0005] Preferably, the PLC structure is two different PLC structures, which are configured to achieve parallel resonance in a first high-frequency band and a second high-frequency band, so that the antenna array can operate in three frequency bands, including one low-frequency operating band and two high-frequency operating bands.

[0006] Preferably, the PLC structure is a dual PLC structure consisting of two identical distributed PLC resonant structures connected in series. The dual PLC structure is configured to achieve parallel resonance within a broadband high-frequency band, thereby enabling the antenna array to operate in two frequency bands, including a low-frequency operating band and a broadband high-frequency operating band.

[0007] Preferably, the antenna array is a tri-band electromagnetic self-compatible base station antenna array, specifically including: a dual-band self-compatible low-frequency antenna (1), a mid-frequency antenna array (2), a high-frequency antenna array (3), and a tri-band self-compatible array reflector floor (4).

[0008] The dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna (1) integrates two PLC structures with different resonant frequencies, namely, a medium-frequency filter PLC (1121) and a high-frequency filter PLC (1122), on its radiating arm.

[0009] The intermediate frequency filter PLC (1121) is configured to resonate in parallel within the operating frequency band of the intermediate frequency antenna array (2);

[0010] The high-frequency filter PLC (1122) is configured to resonate in parallel within the operating frequency band of the high-frequency antenna array (3).

[0011] Preferably, the dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna (1) further includes a low-frequency feeding structure (12), which includes a first low-frequency feeding balun (121) and a second low-frequency feeding balun (122).

[0012] Preferably, the intermediate frequency antenna unit (5) includes an intermediate frequency radiating unit (51) and an intermediate frequency feeding structure (52), wherein the intermediate frequency radiating unit (51) includes an outer metal square ring (5111) and an inner square metal patch (5112); the high frequency antenna unit (6) includes a high frequency radiating unit (61) and a high frequency feeding structure (62), wherein the high frequency radiating unit (61) includes a high frequency radiating arm (611) and a resonant metal strip (612).

[0013] Preferably, the antenna array is an ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatible base station antenna array, specifically including: a broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna (7), an ultra-wideband antenna array (8), and a broadband self-compatible array reflector floor (9).

[0014] The broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna (7) has a dual PLC structure on each side of its radiating arm, which is composed of two identical distributed PLC resonant structures connected in series.

[0015] Preferably, the broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna (7) includes a broadband self-compatible low-frequency radiating element (71), a first low-frequency feeding structure (72), and a second low-frequency feeding structure (73); the first low-frequency feeding structure (72) and the second low-frequency feeding structure (73) have upper rectangular slots and lower rectangular slots respectively on their vertical dielectric substrates, and the upper rectangular slots and lower rectangular slots are arranged intersectingly to form a cross-shaped structure.

[0016] Preferably, the ultra-wideband antenna unit (10) includes a broadband antenna radiating unit (101), a first broadband antenna feeding structure (102), and a second broadband antenna feeding structure (103); the first broadband antenna feeding structure (102) and the second broadband antenna feeding structure (103) have broadband lower rectangular slots and broadband upper rectangular slots respectively on the vertical dielectric substrate, and the broadband lower rectangular slots and broadband upper rectangular slots are arranged vertically to form a cross-shaped structure.

[0017] Preferably, the reflective floor includes a horizontal metal plate (41) and a vertical metal baffle (42).

[0018] Preferably, the operating frequency band of the tri-frequency electromagnetic self-compatible base station antenna array is: low frequency 0.79-1.0 GHz, medium frequency 1.7-2.7 GHz, and high frequency 3.1-4.1 GHz.

[0019] Preferably, the operating frequency band of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatible base station antenna array is: low frequency 0.69-0.96 GHz, high frequency 1.6-3.2 GHz.

[0020] Preferably, the high-frequency antenna array is composed of M×M high-frequency antenna elements with identical structures arranged in an array.

[0021] Preferably, the dual-frequency resonant structure (1123) on the radiating arm of the dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna (1), the first microstrip line (1121), and the second microstrip line (1122) are located on the upper and lower surfaces of the radiating dielectric plate (111), respectively, forming a parallel plate capacitor, which is used to work in conjunction with the PLC structure to meet the resonance conditions in the low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency operating frequency bands.

[0022] Preferably, the radiating arm of the broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna (7) is a hexagonal structure, and each side is composed of an L-shaped metal strip, a rectangular metal strip and the dual PLC structure.

[0023] According to claim 4 or 15, the electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on PLC structure is characterized in that the circuit parameters of the intermediate frequency filtering PLC (11231) and the high frequency filtering PLC (11232) are configured to work in coordination with the parallel plate, so that the radiating arm of the dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna (1) satisfies the following conditions in the three operating frequency bands:

[0024] At the center frequency fM of the intermediate frequency band, the intermediate frequency filter PLC (11231) achieves parallel resonance;

[0025] At the center frequency fH of the high-frequency band, the high-frequency filter PLC (11232) achieves parallel resonance;

[0026] At the center frequency fL of the low-frequency operating band, the intermediate frequency filter PLC (11231), the high frequency filter PLC (11232), and the parallel plate form a series resonance.

[0027] The condition is defined by the following relation:

[0028] At angular frequency ω M =2πf M The location satisfies: ;

[0029] At angular frequency ω M =2πf H The location satisfies:

[0030] At angular frequency ω M =2πf L The location satisfies:

[0031] ;

[0032] in, , , ;

[0033] Where C1 is the capacitance value of the parallel plate capacitor, L M1 and C M1 The equivalent inductance and capacitance values ​​of the intermediate frequency filter PLC (1121) are respectively, L H1 and C H1 These are the equivalent inductance and capacitance values ​​of the high-frequency filter PLC (1122), respectively. For low frequency band, For mid-frequency band and It is a high-frequency band.

[0034] Preferably, the circuit parameters of the dual PLC structure (7123) are configured such that the radiating arm of the broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna (7) satisfies the following conditions in both operating frequency bands:

[0035] At the center frequency fWH of the broadband high-frequency operating band, each distributed PLC resonant structure (71231) in the dual PLC structure (7123) achieves parallel resonance;

[0036] At the center frequency fWL of the low-frequency operating band, the two series-connected distributed PLC resonant structures (71231) and the distributed capacitance of the antenna arm form a series resonance.

[0037] The condition is defined by the following relation:

[0038] At angular frequency ω WH = 2πf WH Place, satisfy ;

[0039] At angular frequency ω WL = 2πf WL Place, satisfy ;

[0040] in, , Wherein, C1 is the equivalent distributed capacitance value of the broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna arm, and L2 and C2 are the bent-line inductance value and parallel-line capacitance value of each of the distributed PLC resonant structures (71231), respectively.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0042] First, the present invention uses a structure of two different PLCs connected in series as the low-frequency antenna arm. The two PLC structures are connected in parallel and resonate at 1.7-2.7GHz and 3.1-4.1GHz respectively to achieve an open circuit effect, thereby suppressing the induced current generated on the low-frequency antenna arm by the intermediate frequency and high frequency antenna arrays, and realizing the effect of multi-band and wide-band electromagnetic self-compatibility of the low-frequency antenna.

[0043] Secondly, in the tri-band electromagnetic self-compatible common aperture base station antenna array based on the PLC structure of this invention, the dimensions of the distributed capacitors and inductors of two different PLC structures can be adjusted to achieve independent adjustment of the dual-transparent radio frequency bands.

[0044] Third, this invention realizes a low-frequency antenna with ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatibility by loading two identical PLC structures; by cascading two identical PLC structures, the Q value is greatly reduced without changing its resonant frequency, thus enabling the low-frequency antenna to obtain ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatibility characteristics.

[0045] Fourth, in the ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture base station antenna array based on the PLC structure of this invention, the low-frequency antenna arms are alternately attached to both sides of the horizontal dielectric substrate. The overlapping metal portions on both sides provide parallel capacitance, improving the port matching of the low-frequency antenna.

[0046] Fifth, compared with other resonant structures, the PLC structure has the advantages of miniaturization and high integration, and it breaks through the frequency limitation problem of traditional lumped components, thus broadening its application range.

[0047] Sixth, the present invention provides a tri-band and ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture base station antenna array based on a PLC structure. Without increasing the height of the array parabolic surface, it broadens the working bandwidth of the antenna array and does not limit the antenna array layout due to the blocking effect of low-frequency antennas. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the structure of the tri-frequency electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture base station antenna array based on the PLC structure of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna unit in this invention;

[0050] Figure 3(a) is a structural diagram of the dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna unit of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3(b) is a structural diagram of the radiating arm and feeding structure in the dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna unit of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3(c) is a structural diagram of the dual PLC structure in the dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna unit of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 This is the port matching diagram of the dual-band self-compatible low-frequency antenna unit in this invention;

[0054] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the intermediate frequency antenna element in this invention;

[0055] Figure 6 These are the top view and front view of the intermediate frequency antenna unit in this invention;

[0056] Figure 7 This is the port matching diagram of the intermediate frequency antenna unit in this invention;

[0057] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the high-frequency antenna unit in this invention;

[0058] Figure 9 These are the top view and front view of the high-frequency antenna unit in this invention;

[0059] Figure 10This is the port matching diagram of the high-frequency antenna unit in this invention;

[0060] Figure 11 The low-frequency antenna unit and the intermediate-frequency antenna array constitute an array in this invention;

[0061] Figure 12 This is the radiation pattern of Embodiment 1 of the present invention when the feed port is Port H1 and the azimuth angle φ = 0°;

[0062] Figure 13 This is the radiation pattern of Embodiment 1 of the present invention when the feed port is Port H1 and the azimuth angle φ = 90°;

[0063] Figure 14 This is the radiation pattern of Embodiment 1 of the present invention when the feed port is Port H2 and the azimuth angle φ = 0°;

[0064] Figure 15 This is the radiation pattern of Embodiment 1 of the present invention when the feed port is Port H2 and the azimuth angle φ = 90°;

[0065] Figure 16 This is the radiation pattern of Embodiment 1 of the present invention when the feed port is Port H3 and the azimuth angle φ = 0°;

[0066] Figure 17 This is the radiation pattern of Embodiment 1 of the present invention when the feed port is Port H3 and the azimuth angle φ = 90°;

[0067] Figure 18 This is the radiation pattern of Embodiment 2 of the present invention when the feed port is Port M1 and the azimuth angle φ = 0°;

[0068] Figure 19 This is the radiation pattern of Embodiment 2 of the present invention when the feed port is Port M1 and the azimuth angle φ = 90°;

[0069] Figure 20 This is an exploded view of the structure of the ultra-wideband self-compatible base station common aperture antenna array based on the PLC structure of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 21 This is an exploded view of the broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna in the ultra-wideband base station common aperture antenna array based on PLC structure of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 22 This is an exploded view of the dual PLC structure of the broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna in the ultra-wideband base station common aperture antenna array based on PLC structure according to the present invention.

[0072] Figure 23(a) is a structural diagram of the antenna arm of the broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna in the ultra-wideband self-compatible base station common aperture antenna array of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 23 (b) is a PLC structure diagram of the antenna arm of the broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna in the common aperture antenna array of the ultra-wideband self-compatible base station based on the invention of PLC structure;

[0074] Figure 23 (c) is a diagram of the first feeding structure of the broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna in the PLC-based ultra-wideband self-compatible base station common aperture antenna array of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 23 (d) is a diagram of the second feeding structure of the low-frequency antenna in the ultra-wideband self-compatible base station common aperture antenna array based on PLC structure of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 24 This is a simulation diagram of the low-frequency antenna matching in the ultra-wideband self-compatible base station common aperture antenna array based on PLC structure of this invention;

[0077] Figure 25 This is an exploded view of the broadband base station antenna element in the ultra-wideband self-compatible base station common aperture antenna array based on PLC structure of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 26 (a) is a front view of the broadband base station antenna element in the PLC-based ultra-self-compatible broadband base station common aperture antenna array of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 26 (b) is the front view and rear view of the first vertical dielectric substrate of the broadband base station antenna unit in the ultra-wideband self-compatible base station common aperture antenna array based on PLC structure of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 26 (c) is the front view and rear view of the second vertical dielectric substrate of the broadband base station antenna unit in the ultra-wideband self-compatible base station common aperture antenna array based on PLC structure of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 27 This is a matching simulation diagram of the broadband base station antenna unit of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 28 The present invention comprises a broadband antenna array 8 and a broadband self-compatible array reflector ground plane 9 forming an array;

[0083] Figure 29 This is the radiation pattern of Embodiment 3 of the present invention when the feed port is Port 1 and the azimuth angle φ = 0°;

[0084] Figure 30This is the radiation pattern of Embodiment 3 of the present invention when the feed port is Port 1 and the azimuth angle φ = 90°;

[0085] Figure 31 This is the radiation pattern of Embodiment 3 of the present invention when the feed port is Port 2 and the azimuth angle φ = 0°;

[0086] Figure 32 This is the radiation pattern of Embodiment 3 of the present invention when the power supply port is Port 2 and the azimuth angle φ = 90°.

[0087] Figure 33 This is the equivalent circuit diagram of the dual PLC structure of the low-frequency antenna arm 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0088] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The purpose of this invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art by designing a tri-band and ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatible base station antenna array based on a PLC structure, enabling high-frequency and low-frequency antennas to share the same radiation aperture, thus achieving aperture multiplexing. The designed tri-band electromagnetic self-compatible base station array antenna operates in the frequency bands of 0.79-1.0GHz, 1.7GHz-2.7GHz, and 3.1-4.1GHz; the designed ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatible base station array operates in the frequency bands of 0.69-0.96GHz and 1.6-3.2GHz.

[0089] To achieve the above objectives, wherein:

[0090] The tri-band electromagnetic self-compatible base station antenna array includes a dual-band self-compatible low-frequency antenna 1, an intermediate-frequency antenna array 2, a high-frequency antenna array 3, and a tri-band self-compatible array reflector ground 4;

[0091] The broadband electromagnetic self-compatible common aperture base station antenna array includes a broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna 7, a broadband antenna array 8, and a broadband self-compatible array reflector floor 9.

[0092] The intermediate frequency antenna array 2 consists of M1×M1 identical intermediate frequency antenna elements 5. The high frequency antenna array 3 consists of M2×M2 identical high frequency antennas 6. The broadband antenna array 8 consists of N×N identical broadband antenna elements 10.

[0093] Furthermore, the radiating structure 11 includes a square dielectric substrate 111 and a dual-frequency transmission low-frequency antenna arm 112; the dual-frequency transmission low-frequency antenna arm 112 is composed of a first microstrip line 1121, a second microstrip line 1122, and a dual-frequency resonant structure 1123; the low-frequency feeding structure 12 includes a first low-frequency feeding balun 121 and a second low-frequency feeding balun 122. The first low-frequency feeding balun 121 includes a first low-frequency feeding balun dielectric substrate 1211, a first low-frequency feeding balun microstrip line 1212 printed on its front side, a first low-frequency feeding balun metal backplate 1213 printed on its back side, and an upper rectangular slot 1214; the second low-frequency feeding balun 122 includes a second low-frequency feeding balun dielectric substrate 1221, a second low-frequency feeding balun microstrip line 1222 printed on its front side, a second low-frequency feeding balun metal backplate 1223 printed on its back side, and a lower rectangular slot 1224;

[0094] Furthermore, the intermediate frequency radiation unit 51 includes four identical intermediate frequency radiation arms 511 and an intermediate frequency horizontal dielectric plate 512; the intermediate frequency feed structure 52 includes an intermediate frequency Y-shaped feed line 521 and an intermediate frequency coaxial line 522.

[0095] Furthermore, the high-frequency radiation unit 61 includes four identical high-frequency radiation arms 611, four identical resonant metal strips 612, and a high-frequency horizontal dielectric plate 613. The high-frequency feeding structure (62) includes a high-frequency Y-shaped feed line 621 and a high-frequency coaxial line 622.

[0096] Furthermore, the intermediate frequency radiating arm 511 includes an outer square metal ring 5111 and an inner square metal patch 5112; the intermediate frequency Y-shaped feed line 521 consists of a first intermediate frequency Y-shaped feed line 5211 and a second intermediate frequency Y-shaped feed line 5212, which are orthogonally arranged; wherein the first intermediate frequency Y-shaped feed line 5211 includes a first intermediate frequency rectangular metal strip 52111, a first intermediate frequency left rectangular metal strip 52112, a first intermediate frequency right rectangular metal strip 52113 and a first intermediate frequency lower metal strip 52114; the second intermediate frequency Y-shaped feed line 5221 includes a second intermediate frequency rectangular metal strip 52121, a second intermediate frequency left rectangular metal strip 52122, a second intermediate frequency right rectangular metal strip 52123, a second intermediate frequency lower rectangular metal strip 52124 and an intermediate frequency metal through hole 52125;

[0097] Furthermore, the high-frequency radiating arm 611 is a hexagonal metal ring. The high-frequency Y-shaped feed line 621 consists of a first high-frequency Y-shaped feed line 6211 and a second high-frequency Y-shaped feed line 6212, which are orthogonally arranged; wherein the first high-frequency Y-shaped feed line 6211 includes a first high-frequency rectangular metal strip 62111, a first high-frequency left rectangular metal strip 62112, a first high-frequency right rectangular metal strip 62113, and a first high-frequency lower metal strip 62114; the second high-frequency Y-shaped feed line 6221 includes a second high-frequency rectangular metal strip 62121, a second high-frequency left rectangular metal strip 62122, a second high-frequency right rectangular metal strip 62123, a second high-frequency lower rectangular metal strip 62124, and a high-frequency metal through hole 62125;

[0098] Furthermore, the capacitance value of the parallel plate capacitor of each dual-band self-compatible low-frequency antenna 1 The center operating frequency of the antenna The length lcmgl1 of the distributed inductor of the intermediate frequency filter PLC11231 for each dual-frequency transmission low-frequency antenna 1 is determined by the center operating frequency of the antenna. Center frequency of the intermediate frequency pass-through frequency band The distributed capacitance length lcmrl1 of the dual PLC resonant structure 11231 of each dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna 1 is jointly determined by the center operating frequency of the antenna. With the center frequency of the pass-through radio frequency band The distributed inductance length lchgl1 of the high-frequency filter PLC11232 of each dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna 1 is jointly determined by the center operating frequency of the antenna. Center frequency of the intermediate frequency pass-through frequency band The distributed capacitance length lchrl1 of the high-frequency filter PLC11232 of each dual-frequency transmission low-frequency antenna 1 is jointly determined by the center operating frequency of the antenna. With the center frequency of the pass-through radio frequency band A joint decision.

[0099] To suppress the intermediate frequency (IF) and high frequency (HF) induced currents on the low-frequency antenna arm, parallel resonance is required in the operating frequency bands of the IF and HF antennas to achieve an open-circuit effect. The first PLC structure implements the IF passband, and the second PLC structure implements the HF passband. Furthermore, the dual PLC structure must not affect the matching performance of the low-frequency antenna; therefore, series resonance is also required in the operating frequency band of the low-frequency antenna to achieve a short-circuit effect, making the antenna arm equivalent to a fully connected antenna arm in the low-frequency band. Based on the above analysis, this circuit needs to be implemented in the low-frequency band... Mid-frequency band and high frequency band Each of the following conditions must be met:

[0100] < 1 >

[0101] < 2 >

[0102] <3>

[0103] <4>

[0104] <5>

[0105] <6>

[0106] in, The capacitance value is 113 for the parallel plate. The inductance value is for the distributed intermediate frequency inductor structure 11231. The inductance value is for the distributed intermediate frequency capacitor structure 11232. The inductance value is for the distributed intermediate frequency inductor structure 11231. The inductance value is for the distributed intermediate frequency capacitor structure 11232.

[0107] The ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture base station antenna array includes a broadband transmission low-frequency antenna 7, a broadband antenna array 8, and a broadband self-compatible array reflector ground plane 9. The broadband antenna array 8 is composed of N×N broadband antenna elements 10 with identical structures.

[0108] The broadband transmission self-compatible antenna 7 includes a broadband transmission self-compatible radiating element 71, a first low-frequency feeding structure 72, and a second low-frequency balun feeding structure 73; the broadband antenna element 10 includes a broadband antenna radiating element 101, a first broadband antenna feeding structure 102, and a second broadband antenna feeding structure 103.

[0109] Furthermore, the broadband self-compatible low-frequency radiating unit 71 includes a broadband transmission low-frequency horizontal dielectric substrate 711 and a broadband transmission low-frequency antenna arm 712; the first low-frequency feeding structure 72 includes a first low-frequency vertical dielectric substrate 721, a first low-frequency microstrip line 722 printed on its front side and a first low-frequency metal backplate 723 printed on its back side; the second low-frequency feeding structure 73 includes a second low-frequency vertical dielectric substrate 731, a second low-frequency microstrip line 732 printed on its front side and a second low-frequency metal backplate 733 printed on its back side;

[0110] Furthermore, the broadband antenna radiating unit 101 includes a broadband antenna horizontal substrate 1011 and a broadband transmission low-frequency antenna arm 1012; the first broadband antenna feeding structure 102 includes a first broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1021, a first broadband antenna microstrip line 1022 printed on its front side and a first broadband antenna metal backplate 1023 printed on its back side; the second broadband antenna feeding structure 103 includes a second broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1031, a second broadband antenna microstrip line 1032 printed on its front side and a second broadband antenna metal backplate 1033 printed on its back side.

[0111] Furthermore, the broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna arm 712 has a hexagonal structure. Each side is formed by connecting an L-shaped metal strip 7121, a rectangular metal strip 7122, and a dual PLC structure 7123. The dual PLC structure 7123 is formed by two identical distributed PLC resonant structures 71231 connected in series. The distributed PLC resonant structure 71231 is formed by connecting a distributed inductor structure 712311, which is formed by sequentially connecting metal wires, and a capacitor structure 712312, which is formed by two parallel metal wires, in parallel. The first low-frequency vertical dielectric substrate 721 and the second vertical substrate 731 are both rectangular structures. The first low-frequency vertical dielectric substrate 721 has an upper rectangular slot 7211, and the second low-frequency vertical dielectric substrate 731 has a lower rectangular slot 7311. The upper rectangular slot 7211 and the lower rectangular slot 7311 are placed vertically and horizontally to form a cross-shaped structure.

[0112] Furthermore, both the first broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1021 and the second broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1031 are rectangular structures. The first broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1021 has a lower broadband rectangular slot 10211 below it, and the second broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1031 has an upper broadband rectangular slot 10311 above it. The lower broadband rectangular slot 10211 and the upper broadband rectangular slot 10311 are placed vertically and horizontally to form a cross-shaped structure.

[0113] Furthermore, the distributed inductance length lcgl1 of the dual PLC structure 7123 of each broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna 7 is determined by the center operating frequency of the antenna. With the center frequency of the pass-through radio frequency band The distributed capacitance length lcrl1 of the dual PLC resonant structure 7123 of each broadband transmission low-frequency antenna 7 is jointly determined by the center operating frequency of the antenna. With the center frequency of the pass-through radio frequency band Joint decision;

[0114] To suppress the high-frequency induced current on the low-frequency antenna arm, the circuit needs to achieve parallel resonance in the high-frequency antenna's operating frequency band to achieve an open-circuit effect. Furthermore, the PLC structure must not affect the performance of the low-frequency antenna; therefore, series resonance is also required in the low-frequency antenna's operating frequency band to achieve a short-circuit effect, making the antenna arm equivalent to a fully connected antenna arm in the low-frequency band. Moreover, when two identical PLC structures are connected in series, their resonant bandwidth is widened, thus further improving the transmission bandwidth of the low-frequency antenna. Based on the above analysis, the circuit needs to meet the following conditions in both the high-frequency and low-frequency bands:

[0115]

[0116] <8>

[0117] <9>

[0118] < 10 >

[0119] in, The values ​​are the values ​​of the stacked capacitors. This is the inductance value of the bent line. This refers to the capacitance value of the parallel lines.

[0120] Example 1

[0121] Embodiment 1 of the present invention includes a dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna 1, an intermediate-frequency antenna array 2, a high-frequency antenna array 3, and a tri-frequency array reflector ground plane 4. The intermediate-frequency antenna array is electromagnetically transparent to the high-frequency antenna array.

[0122] The intermediate frequency antenna array 2 is composed of 2×2 identical intermediate frequency antennas 5; the high frequency antenna array 3 is composed of 4×4 identical high frequency antenna elements 6.

[0123] Reference Figure 2As shown in Figure 3, the radiating structure 11 includes a square dielectric substrate 111 and a dual-frequency transmission low-frequency antenna arm 112; the dual-frequency transmission low-frequency antenna arm 112 is composed of a first microstrip line 1121, a second microstrip line 1122, and a dual-frequency resonant structure 1123; the low-frequency feeding structure 12 includes a first low-frequency feeding balun 121 and a second low-frequency feeding balun 122. The first low-frequency feeding balun 121 includes a first low-frequency feeding balun dielectric substrate 1211, a first low-frequency feeding balun microstrip line 1212 printed on its front side, a first low-frequency feeding balun metal backplate 1213 printed on its back side, and an upper rectangular slot 1214; the second low-frequency feeding balun 122 includes a second low-frequency feeding balun dielectric substrate 1221, a second low-frequency feeding balun microstrip line 1222 printed on its front side, a second low-frequency feeding balun metal backplate 1223 printed on its back side, and a lower rectangular slot 1224;

[0124] Further, the square dielectric substrate 111, the first low-frequency feed balun dielectric substrate 1211, and the second low-frequency feed balun dielectric substrate 1221 are described. The low-frequency horizontal dielectric substrate 122 has a square structure, and the relative permittivity of the materials used in both is 2.2, and the loss tangent is 0.002. The square dielectric substrate 111 has a length b1 of 109 mm and a height lofth of 90 mm. The intermediate frequency distributed inductor structure 11211 of the intermediate frequency filter PLC 1121 is composed of 7 metal strips with a length lcmgl1 of 5.3 mm and a width lcmgw1 of 0.3 mm connected in sequence, and the spacing between the metal strips lcmgd1 is 0.35 mm. The intermediate frequency distributed capacitor structure 11212 has a length lc The length of mrl1 is 1.5mm, the width of lcmrw2 is 0.4mm, and the spacing of lcmrd1 is 0.6mm; the high-frequency distributed inductor structure 11221 of the high-frequency filter PLC1122 is composed of 5 metal strips with a length of lchgl1 of 4.4mm and a width of lchgw1 of 0.4mm connected in sequence, and the spacing between the metal strips is lchgd1 of 0.35mm; the length of the high-frequency distributed capacitor structure 11222 is lchrl1 of 1.5mm, the width of lchrw2 is 0.25mm, and the spacing of lchrd1 is 0.3mm;

[0125] Furthermore, the first low-frequency feed balun microstrip line 1212 is composed of five rectangular lines; the length kl1 of the first rectangular line is 14.5 mm, and the width kw1 is 1.4 mm; the length kl2 of the second rectangular line is 12.5 mm, and the width kw2 is 0.5 mm; the length kl3 of the third rectangular line is 26.8 mm, and the width kw3 is 1 mm; the length kl4 of the fourth rectangular line is 15 mm, and the width kw4 is 0.6 mm; the length kl5 of the fifth rectangular line is 24 mm, and the width kw5 is 1.2 mm; the width kb1 of the metal backplate 1213 of the first low-frequency feed balun is... The first low-frequency feed balun microstrip line 1222 consists of 5 rectangular lines: the length kl21 of the first rectangular line is 15.8 mm and the width kw21 is 1.5 mm; the length kl22 of the second rectangular line is 13.8 mm and the width kw22 is 0.4 mm; the length kl23 of the third rectangular line is 25.7 mm and the width kw23 is 0.9 mm; the length kl24 of the fourth rectangular line is 15 mm and the width kw24 is 0.6 mm; and the length kl25 of the fifth rectangular line is 26.8 mm and the width kw25 is 1.2 mm.

[0126] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 The intermediate frequency antenna 5 is composed of an intermediate frequency radiating element 51 and an intermediate frequency feeding structure 52. The intermediate frequency antenna radiating element 51 includes four identical intermediate frequency radiating arms 511 and an intermediate frequency horizontal dielectric substrate 512. The intermediate frequency feeding structure 52 includes an intermediate frequency Y-shaped feed line 521 and an intermediate frequency coaxial line 522. The relative permittivity of the material used in the intermediate frequency horizontal dielectric substrate 512 is 2.2, the loss tangent is 0.002, its length zplb is 53 mm, and its thickness zphd is 0.8 mm. The height zph1 of the intermediate frequency radiating element above the ground is 40 mm.

[0127] Furthermore, the intermediate frequency radiating arm 511 includes an outer square metal ring 5111 and an inner square metal patch 5112; the length zpl1 of the square metal ring 5111 is 25mm, and the width zpw1 is 1.5mm; the distance zpg1 between the two metal rings is 1mm; the distance zpg2 between the inner square metal patch 5112 and the outer square metal ring is 1mm; the intermediate frequency Y-shaped feeder 521 consists of a first intermediate frequency Y-shaped feeder 5211 and a second intermediate frequency Y-shaped feeder 5212, which are orthogonally arranged; wherein the first intermediate frequency Y-shaped feeder 5211 includes a first intermediate frequency rectangular metal strip 52111, a first intermediate frequency left rectangular metal strip 52112, a first intermediate frequency right rectangular metal strip 52113, and a first intermediate frequency lower rectangular metal strip 52113. 114; The second intermediate frequency Y-shaped feeder cable 5221 includes a second intermediate frequency rectangular metal strip 52121, a second intermediate frequency left rectangular metal strip 52122, a second intermediate frequency right rectangular metal strip 52123, a second intermediate frequency lower rectangular metal strip 52124, and an intermediate frequency metal through hole 52125; wherein the length zpkl1 of the first intermediate frequency rectangular metal strip 52111 is 1mm and the width zpkw1 is 1mm; the length zpkl4 of the first intermediate frequency left rectangular metal strip 52112 is 8mm and the width zpkw4 is 2mm; the length zpkl2 of the first intermediate frequency lower rectangular metal strip 52114 is 5.3mm and the width zpkw2 is 0.4mm; the dimensions of the second intermediate frequency Y-shaped feeder cable 5221 are the same as those of the first intermediate frequency Y-shaped feeder cable 5211;

[0128] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 The high-frequency antenna 6 is composed of a high-frequency radiating element 61 and a high-frequency feeding structure 62. The high-frequency radiating element 61 includes four identical high-frequency radiating arms 611, four identical resonant metal strips 612, and a high-frequency horizontal dielectric substrate 613. The high-frequency feeding structure 62 includes a high-frequency Y-shaped feed line 621 and a high-frequency coaxial line 622. The relative permittivity of the material used in the high-frequency horizontal dielectric substrate 613 is 2.2, the loss tangent is 0.002, its length gplb is 33 mm, and its thickness gphd is 0.8 mm. The intermediate frequency radiating element has a ground clearance gph1 of 20 mm.

[0129] Furthermore, the high-frequency radiation arm 611 is a hexagonal metal ring with a length gpl1 of 16 mm and a chamfer length gpr1 of 5 mm. The internal hexagon has a side length gpl2 of 8.5mm and a chamfer length gpr2 of 4.2mm; the resonant metal strip has a length gpjl1 of 5mm and a width gpjw1 of 2mm; the high-frequency Y-shaped feeder 621 consists of a first high-frequency Y-shaped feeder 6211 and a second high-frequency Y-shaped feeder 6212, which are orthogonally placed; the first high-frequency rectangular metal strip 62111 of the first high-frequency Y-shaped feeder 621 has a length gpkl1 of 0.5mm and a width gpkw1 of 0.5mm; the first high-frequency left rectangular metal strip 62112 has a length gpkl4 of 3mm and a width gpkw4 of 1.4mm; the dimensions of the first high-frequency right rectangular metal strip are the same as those of the first high-frequency left metal strip; the length gpkl2 of the first high-frequency lower rectangular metal strip is 6mm and the width gpkw2 is 5mm; the dimensions of the second high-frequency Y-shaped feeder 6221 are the same as those of the first high-frequency Y-shaped metal strip; the radius gpr of the high-frequency metal through-hole 62125 is 0.25mm;

[0130] Example 2

[0131] This embodiment includes a dual-band self-compatible low-frequency antenna 1, an intermediate-frequency antenna array 2, and a tri-band self-compatible array reflector 4, which have the same parameters as in embodiment 1; the intermediate-frequency antenna array 2 is composed of 2×2 structurally identical intermediate-frequency antennas 5; its structure is as follows: Figure 10 As shown.

[0132] Example 3

[0133] Embodiment 3 of the present invention includes Figure 28 The two antenna arrays shown are, in which Figure 28 The array shown in (a) is a broadband antenna array 8 and a broadband self-compatible array reflector ground plane 9. Figure 28 (b) shows an array consisting of a broadband transmission low-frequency antenna 7, a broadband antenna array 8, and a broadband array reflector ground plane 9. The broadband antenna array 8 is composed of 4×4 broadband base station antenna elements 10 with identical structures.

[0134] Reference Figure 21 , Figure 22 The broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna 7 includes a broadband transmission low-frequency radiation element 71, a first low-frequency feeding structure 72, and a second low-frequency feeding structure 73.

[0135] Furthermore, the broadband self-compatible low-frequency radiating unit 71 includes a broadband self-compatible low-frequency horizontal dielectric substrate 711 and a broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna arm 712; the broadband transmission low-frequency horizontal dielectric substrate 711, the first low-frequency vertical dielectric substrate 721 and the second low-frequency vertical dielectric substrate 73 are all made of FR4 dielectric board with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02. The broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna arm 712 has a hexagonal structure with a length wbl1 of 63.5 mm, an L-shaped metal strip 7121wbl2 of 12.9 mm, and a width wbbw1 of 7.6 mm; the rectangular metal strip 7122 has a length wbl3 of 8.4 mm; the distributed inductor structure 712311 is composed of 7 identical metal wires connected sequentially, with a length lcgl1 of 6.9 mm, a width lcgw1 of 0.4 mm, and an inductor spacing lcgd1 of 0.4 mm; the distributed capacitor structure 712312 has a spacing lcrd1 of 0.4 mm; the capacitor has a length lcrl1 of 2.5 mm and a width lcrw2 of 0.5 mm; the width lcw1 of the metal wire connecting the distributed inductors and capacitors is 0.4 mm; and the broadband transmission low-frequency radiation unit 71 has a ground clearance height wbh of 94 mm.

[0136] Reference Figure 23 The first low-frequency feed structure 72 includes a first low-frequency vertical dielectric substrate 721, a first low-frequency microstrip line 722 printed on its front side, and a first low-frequency metal backplate 723 printed on its back side; the second low-frequency feed structure 73 includes a second low-frequency vertical dielectric substrate 731, a second low-frequency microstrip line 732 printed on its front side, and a second low-frequency metal backplate 733 printed on its back side; both the first low-frequency vertical dielectric substrate 721 and the second vertical substrate 731 are rectangular structures, wherein the first low-frequency vertical dielectric substrate 721 has an upper rectangular groove 7211 on its upper side, and the second low-frequency vertical dielectric substrate 731 has a lower rectangular groove 7311 on its lower side, and the upper rectangular groove 7211 and the lower rectangular groove 7311 are placed vertically and horizontally to form a cross-shaped structure;

[0137] The first low-frequency microstrip line 722 consists of five rectangular lines; the length wbkl1 of the first rectangular line is 17.5 mm, and the width wbkw1 is 2 mm; the length wbkl2 of the second rectangular line is 12.5 mm, and the width wbkw2 is 0.5 mm; the length wbkl3 of the third rectangular line is 30.2 mm, and the width wbkw3 is 0.7 mm; the length wbkl4 of the fourth rectangular line is 11.4 mm, and the width wbkw4 is 0.6 mm; the length wbkl5 of the fifth rectangular line is 20.6 mm, and the width wbkw5 is 1.2 mm; the width wbkb1 of the first low-frequency metal backplate 723 is 7 mm, and the spacing wbkb2 is 6 mm; the length wbf1 of the upper rectangular slot 7211 is 30.5 mm. The width thf2 is 0.8mm; the second low-frequency feed structure 73 consists of 5 rectangular lines; the length wbkl21 of the first rectangular line is 18.5mm and the width wbkw21 is 1.8mm; the length wbkl22 of the second rectangular line is 13.8mm and the width wbkw22 is 0.5mm; the length wbkl23 of the third rectangular line is 29mm and the width wbkw23 is 0.7mm; the length wbkl24 of the fourth rectangular line is 11.4mm and the width wbkw24 is 0.6mm; the length wbkl25 of the fifth rectangular line is 22.3mm and the width wbkw25 is 1.2mm; the length thf3 of the lower rectangular slot 7311 is 63.5mm and the width thf2 is 0.8mm;

[0138] refer to Figure 25 , Figure 26 The broadband antenna unit 10 includes: a broadband antenna radiating unit 101, a first broadband antenna feeding structure 102, and a second broadband antenna feeding structure 103; the broadband antenna radiating unit 101 includes a broadband antenna horizontal substrate 1011 and a broadband transmission low-frequency antenna arm 1012; the first broadband antenna feeding structure 102 includes a first broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1021, a first broadband antenna microstrip line 1022 printed on its front side, and a first broadband antenna metal backplate 1023 printed on its back side; the second broadband antenna feeding structure 103 includes a second broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1031, a second broadband antenna microstrip line 1032 printed on its front side, and a second broadband antenna metal backplate 1033 printed on its back side.

[0139] Furthermore, both the first broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1021 and the second broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1031 are rectangular structures. The first broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1021 has a lower broadband rectangular slot 10211 below it, and the second broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1031 has an upper broadband rectangular slot 10311 above it. The lower broadband rectangular slot 10211 and the upper broadband rectangular slot 10311 are placed vertically and horizontally to form a cross-shaped structure.

[0140] Furthermore, the relative permittivity of the materials used in the broadband antenna horizontal substrate 1011, the first broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1021, and the second broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1031 are all 4.3, and the loss tangent is all 0.02. The length thlb of the broadband antenna horizontal substrate 1011 is 55 mm, and the thickness thbd is 0.8 mm. The broadband antenna radiating element 101 is composed of three nested rectangular rings; the length thl1 of the outermost rectangular ring is 25 mm, and the width thw1 is 3 mm; the length thl2 of the middle rectangular ring is 16 mm, and the width thw2 is 3 mm; the innermost... The rectangular ring has a length thl3 of 8 mm and a width thw3 of 2.5 mm; the antenna arm spacing thg1 is 3 mm; the length thbl of the first broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1021 and the second broadband antenna vertical dielectric substrate 1031 is 30 mm, the height thh is 30 mm, and the thickness thbd is 0.8 mm; the first broadband antenna microstrip line 1022 is composed of 5 rectangular lines; the length thkl1 of the first rectangular line is 17 mm and the width thkw1 is 2.1 mm; the length thkl2 of the second rectangular line is 11.7 mm and the width thkw2 is 1 mm; the third rectangular line... The length of the first rectangular line thkl3 is 7mm, and the width thkw3 is 0.7mm; the length of the fourth rectangular line thkl4 is 5.8mm, and the width thkw4 is 1.6mm; the length of the fifth rectangular line thkl5 is 4.5mm, and the width thkw5 is 0.8mm; the width thkb1 of the first broadband antenna metal backplate 1023 is 7mm, and the spacing thkb2 is 6mm; the length thf2 of the broadband upper rectangular slot 10311 is 2.2mm, and the width thf1 is 0.8mm; the second broadband antenna microstrip line 1032 is composed of 5 rectangular lines; the length of the first rectangular line... The length of the second rectangular line is 20mm, and the width of the third rectangular line is 2.1mm; the length of the third rectangular line is 13.8mm, and the width of the fourth rectangular line is 1mm; the length of the fifth rectangular line is 2.5mm, and the width of the sixth rectangular line is 1.9mm; the length of the seventh rectangular line is 27.8mm, and the width of the eighth rectangular line is 0.6mm; the length of the eighth rectangular line is 5.8mm, and the width of the ninth rectangular line is 1.9mm; the length of the tkl21 is 20mm, and the width of the tkw21 is 0.8mm.

[0141] The effects of this invention can be further illustrated by the following simulations:

[0142] I. Simulation Software:

[0143] Commercial Ansoft HFSS 19.0 software.

[0144] II. Simulation Content:

[0145] Simulation 1: A simulation was performed on the low-frequency antenna in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown. From Figure 4 It can be seen from this that the operating frequency band of the low-frequency antenna dual-port is 790~1000MHz;

[0146] Simulation 2: A simulation was performed on the intermediate frequency antenna in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown. From Figure 4 It can be seen that the operating frequency band of the dual-port intermediate frequency antenna is 1.7~2.8GHz;

[0147] Simulation 3: A simulation was performed on the high-frequency antenna in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 10 As shown. From Figure 4 It can be seen that the operating frequency band of the dual-port intermediate frequency antenna is 3.0~5.0GHz;

[0148] Simulation 4: When the feed port is Port H1 and the azimuth angle φ = 0°, simulation of Example 1 is performed. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 12 As shown, the solid line represents... Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the medium array is shown, and the dashed line represents the radiation pattern of the high-frequency array. In the range of 3.1~4.1GHz, the two arrays achieved almost identical radiation performance, with a gain difference of less than 0.4dB at 0° and a beamwidth difference of less than 10°.

[0149] Simulation 5: When the feed port is Port H1 and the azimuth angle φ = 90°, simulation of Example 1 is performed. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 13 As shown, the solid line represents... Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the medium array is shown, and the dashed line represents the radiation pattern of the high-frequency array. In the range of 3.1~4.1GHz, the two arrays achieved almost identical radiation performance, with a gain difference of less than 0.6dB at 0° and a beamwidth difference of less than 12°.

[0150] Simulation 6: When the feed port is Port H2 and the azimuth angle φ = 0°, simulation of Example 1 is performed. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 14 As shown, the solid line represents... Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the medium-frequency array is shown, and the dashed line represents the radiation pattern of the high-frequency array. In the range of 3.1~4.1GHz, the two arrays achieved almost identical radiation performance, with a gain difference of less than 0.2dB at 0° and a beamwidth difference of less than 8°.

[0151] Simulation 7: When the feed port is Port H2 and the azimuth angle φ = 90°, simulation of Example 1 is performed, and the simulation results are as follows. Figure 15 As shown, the solid line represents... Figure 1The radiation pattern of the medium-frequency array is shown, and the dashed line represents the radiation pattern of the high-frequency array. In the range of 3.1~4.1GHz, the two arrays achieved almost identical radiation performance, with a gain difference of less than 0.3dB at 0° and a beamwidth difference of less than 8°.

[0152] Simulation 8: When the feed port is Port H3 and the azimuth angle φ = 0°, simulation of Example 1 is performed. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 16 As shown, the solid line represents... Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the medium-frequency array is shown, and the dashed line represents the radiation pattern of the high-frequency array. In the range of 3.1~4.1GHz, the two arrays achieved almost identical radiation performance, with a gain difference of less than 0.4dB at 0° and a beamwidth difference of less than 8°.

[0153] Simulation 9: When the feed port is Port H3 and the azimuth angle φ = 90°, simulation of Example 1 is performed, and the simulation results are as follows. Figure 17 As shown, the solid line represents... Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the medium array is shown, and the dashed line represents the radiation pattern of the high-frequency array. In the range of 3.1~4.1GHz, the two arrays achieved almost identical radiation performance, with a gain difference of less than 0.5dB at 0° and a beamwidth difference of less than 11°.

[0154] Simulation 10: When the feed port is Port M1 and the azimuth angle φ = 0°, simulation of Example 2 is performed. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 18 As shown, the solid line represents... Figure 18 The radiation pattern of the medium-frequency array is shown, and the dashed line represents the radiation pattern of the high-frequency array. In the range of 1.7~2.7GHz, the two arrays achieved almost identical radiation performance, with a gain difference of less than 0.8dB at 0° and a beamwidth difference of less than 10°.

[0155] Simulation 11: When the power supply port is Port M1 and the azimuth angle φ = 90°, simulation of Example 2 is performed. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 19 As shown, the solid line represents... Figure 19 The radiation pattern of the medium-frequency array is shown, while the dashed line represents the radiation pattern of the high-frequency array. Within the 1.7–2.7 GHz range, the two arrays achieved almost identical radiation performance, with a gain difference of less than 0.5 dB at 0° and a beamwidth difference of less than 9°.

[0156] Simulation 12 simulated the broadband transmission low-frequency antenna in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown. From Figure 24 It can be seen from this that the operating frequency band of the low-frequency antenna dual-port is 690~960MHz;

[0157] Simulation 13 simulated the broadband base station antenna unit in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 27 As shown. From Figure 27 It can be seen that the operating frequency band of the dual-port high-frequency antenna is 1.6~3.2GHz;

[0158] Simulation 14: When the feed port is Port 1 and the azimuth angle φ = 0°, simulation of Example 3 is performed. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 29 As shown, the solid line represents... Figure 28 (b) shows the array radiation pattern, with the dashed line representing... Figure 28 (a) Radiation pattern of the array. In the range of 1.6 to 3.2 GHz, the two arrays achieved almost identical radiation performance, with a gain difference of less than 0.4 dB at 0° and a beamwidth difference of less than 10°.

[0159] Simulation 15: When the power supply port is Port 1 and the azimuth angle φ = 90°, simulation of Example 3 is performed. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 30 As shown, the solid line represents... Figure 28 (b) shows the array radiation pattern, with the dashed line representing... Figure 28 (a) Radiation pattern of the array. In the range of 1.6 to 3.2 GHz, the two arrays achieved almost identical radiation performance, with a gain difference of less than 0.4 dB at 0° and a beamwidth difference of less than 8°.

[0160] Simulation 16: When the power supply port is Port 2 and the azimuth angle φ = 0°, simulation of Example 3 is performed. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 31 As shown, the solid line represents... Figure 28 (b) shows the array radiation pattern, with the dashed line representing... Figure 28 (a) Radiation pattern of the array. In the range of 1.6 to 3.2 GHz, the two arrays achieved almost identical radiation performance, with a gain difference of less than 0.2 dB at 0° and a beamwidth difference of less than 8°.

[0161] Simulation 17: When the power supply port is Port 2 and the azimuth angle φ = 90°, simulation of Example 3 is performed. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 32 As shown, the solid line represents... Figure 28 (b) shows the array radiation pattern, with the dashed line representing... Figure 28 (a) Radiation pattern of the array. In the range of 1.6 to 3.2 GHz, the two arrays achieved almost identical radiation performance, with a gain difference of less than 0.4 dB at 0° and a beamwidth difference of less than 8°.

[0162] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on a PLC structure, characterized in that, The antenna array includes a low-frequency antenna, a high-frequency antenna array, and a reflector ground plane. The low-frequency antenna and the high-frequency antenna array are spatially arranged with the same aperture and are jointly mounted on the reflector ground plane. The radiating arm of the low-frequency antenna integrates a PLC structure composed of distributed inductors and distributed capacitors. The PLC structure is configured to achieve parallel resonance within the operating frequency band of the high-frequency antenna array to suppress the induced current excited by the high-frequency antenna array on the radiating arm of the low-frequency antenna, while simultaneously achieving series resonance within the operating frequency band of the low-frequency antenna itself to maintain the radiation performance of the low-frequency antenna.

2. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on PLC structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PLC structure consists of two different PLC structures, which are configured to achieve parallel resonance in the first high-frequency band and the second high-frequency band, thereby enabling the antenna array to operate in three frequency bands, including one low-frequency operating band and two high-frequency operating bands.

3. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on PLC structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The PLC structure is a dual PLC structure consisting of two identical distributed PLC resonant structures connected in series. The dual PLC structure is configured to achieve parallel resonance within a broadband high-frequency band, thereby enabling the antenna array to operate in two frequency bands, including a low-frequency operating band and a broadband high-frequency operating band.

4. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on PLC structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The antenna array is a tri-band electromagnetic self-compatible base station antenna array, specifically including: a dual-band self-compatible low-frequency antenna (1), a medium-frequency antenna array (2), a high-frequency antenna array (3), and a tri-band self-compatible array reflector floor (4). The dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna (1) integrates two PLC structures with different resonant frequencies, namely a medium-frequency filter PLC (11231) and a high-frequency filter PLC (11232), on its radiating arm. The intermediate frequency filter PLC (11231) is configured to resonate in parallel within the operating frequency band of the intermediate frequency antenna array (2); The high-frequency filter PLC (11232) is configured to resonate in parallel within the operating frequency band of the high-frequency antenna array (3).

5. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on PLC structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna (1) further includes a low-frequency feeding structure (12), which includes a first low-frequency feeding balun (121) and a second low-frequency feeding balun (122).

6. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on PLC structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The intermediate frequency antenna unit (5) includes an intermediate frequency radiating unit (51) and an intermediate frequency feeding structure (52). The intermediate frequency radiating unit (51) includes an outer metal square ring (5111) and an inner square metal patch (5112). The high frequency antenna unit (6) includes a high frequency radiating unit (61) and a high frequency feeding structure (62). The high frequency radiating unit (61) includes a high frequency radiating arm (611) and a resonant metal strip (612).

7. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on PLC structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The antenna array is an ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatible base station antenna array, specifically including: a broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna (7), an ultra-wideband antenna array (8), and a broadband self-compatible array reflector floor (9). The broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna (7) has a dual PLC structure on each side of its radiating arm, which is composed of two identical distributed PLC resonant structures connected in series.

8. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on PLC structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna (7) includes a broadband self-compatible low-frequency radiating element (71), a first low-frequency feeding structure (72), and a second low-frequency feeding structure (73). The first low-frequency feeding structure (72) and the second low-frequency feeding structure (73) have upper rectangular slots and lower rectangular slots respectively on their vertical dielectric substrates. The upper rectangular slots and the lower rectangular slots are placed vertically to form a cross-shaped structure.

9. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on PLC structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ultra-wideband antenna unit (10) includes a broadband antenna radiating unit (101), a first broadband antenna feeding structure (102), and a second broadband antenna feeding structure (103). The first broadband antenna feeding structure (102) and the second broadband antenna feeding structure (103) have broadband lower rectangular slots and broadband upper rectangular slots respectively on their vertical dielectric substrates. The broadband lower rectangular slots and broadband upper rectangular slots are arranged vertically to form a cross-shaped structure.

10. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on PLC structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflective floor includes a horizontal metal plate (41) and a vertical metal baffle (42).

11. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on PLC structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The operating frequency bands of the tri-frequency electromagnetic self-compatible base station antenna array are: low frequency 0.79-1.0 GHz, medium frequency 1.7-2.7 GHz, and high frequency 3.1-4.1 GHz.

12. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on PLC structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The operating frequency bands of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic self-compatible base station antenna array are: low frequency 0.69-0.96 GHz and high frequency 1.6-3.2 GHz.

13. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on a PLC structure according to claim 4 or 7, characterized in that, The high-frequency antenna array is composed of M×M identical high-frequency antenna elements arranged in an array.

14. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on PLC structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dual-frequency resonant structure (1123) on the radiating arm of the dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna (1), together with the first microstrip line (1121) and the second microstrip line (1122), are located on the upper and lower surfaces of the radiating dielectric plate (111), forming a parallel plate capacitor. This capacitor works in conjunction with the PLC structure to meet the resonance conditions in the low-frequency, medium-frequency and high-frequency operating bands.

15. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on PLC structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The radiating arm of the broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna (7) is a hexagonal structure, and each side is composed of an L-shaped metal strip, a rectangular metal strip and the dual PLC structure.

16. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on a PLC structure according to claim 4 or 15, characterized in that, The circuit parameters of the intermediate frequency filter PLC (11231) and the high frequency filter PLC (11232) are configured to work in conjunction with the parallel plate capacitor, so that the radiating arm of the dual-frequency self-compatible low-frequency antenna (1) satisfies the following conditions in the three operating frequency bands: At the center frequency fM of the intermediate frequency band, the intermediate frequency filter PLC (11231) achieves parallel resonance; At the center frequency fH of the high-frequency band, the high-frequency filter PLC (11232) achieves parallel resonance; At the center frequency fL of the low-frequency operating band, the intermediate frequency filter PLC (11231), the high frequency filter PLC (11232), and the parallel plate capacitor form a series resonance. The condition is defined by the following relation: At angular frequency ω M =2πf M The location satisfies: ; At angular frequency ω M =2πf H The location satisfies: At angular frequency ω M =2πf L The location satisfies: ； in, , , ; Where C1 is the capacitance value of the parallel plates, L M1 and C M1 The equivalent inductance and capacitance values ​​of the intermediate frequency filter PLC (11231) are respectively, L H1 and C H1 These are the equivalent inductance and capacitance values ​​of the high-frequency filtering PLC (11232), respectively. For low frequency band, For mid-frequency band and It is a high-frequency band.

17. The electromagnetic self-compatible common-aperture antenna array based on a PLC structure according to claim 8 or 17, characterized in that, The circuit parameters of the dual PLC structure (7123) are configured such that the radiating arm of the broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna (7) satisfies the following conditions in both operating frequency bands: At the center frequency fWH of the broadband high-frequency operating band, each distributed PLC resonant structure (71231) in the dual PLC structure (7123) achieves parallel resonance; At the center frequency fWL of the low-frequency operating band, the two series-connected distributed PLC resonant structures (71231) and the distributed capacitance of the antenna arm form a series resonance. The condition is defined by the following relation: At angular frequency ω WH = 2πf WH Place, satisfy ; At angular frequency ω WL = 2πf WL Place, satisfy ; in, , Wherein, C1 is the equivalent distributed capacitance value of the broadband self-compatible low-frequency antenna arm, and L2 and C2 are the bent-line inductance value and parallel-line capacitance value of each of the distributed PLC resonant structures (71231), respectively.

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