Marine biomimetic reef loaded with ecological remediation agent and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a marine biomimetic reef loaded with an ecological restoration agent and its application. It relates to the field of marine ecological restoration technology. The invention provides a preparation process and application for the marine biomimetic reef. It utilizes rapid branching and long-term seed growth and replacement to make the restoration more durable. It contains plant-derived active ingredients, which improve the microenvironment to a certain extent, reduce disease, and help improve survival rates. The biomimetic design, with surface grooves, simulates natural reefs to a certain extent, facilitating biological attachment; the materials, such as ceramics, hemp rope, biochar, and plant extracts, are biodegradable or harmless. It is accompanied by seed temperature and salinity gradient acclimatization to enhance adaptability to complex marine environments and promote colonization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine ecological restoration technology, and more specifically to a marine biomimetic reef loaded with an ecological restoration agent and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Large-leaved seagrass is an important seagrass species in temperate waters, playing crucial ecological roles such as water purification, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, and providing habitats for organisms. However, due to coastal development and eutrophication, the area of ​​large-leaved seagrass meadows has shrunk dramatically. Restoring degraded seagrass meadows has become an urgent need for marine ecological protection.

[0003] In existing technologies, the restoration of *Echinochloa macrophylla* mainly employs seed sowing and plant transplantation. For example, methods using stones to fix flowering branches exist, but these rely solely on physical fixation with natural stones and lack the ability to actively improve the surrounding microenvironment. Seedlings are also susceptible to pathogen infection and easily washed away by water. This invention's series of studies also involves technical solutions to improve germination rates by preparing mud boxes and pre-treating seeds.

[0004] In addition, existing technologies include a scheme that uses traditional Chinese medicine ecological restoration agents in conjunction with the ecological restoration of seaweed, but most of these schemes use direct spraying. In open sea areas, the agents spread quickly and have a short duration of effect, making it difficult to form an effective protective concentration during the critical period of seedling establishment.

[0005] Therefore, whether existing technologies can be improved to provide a marine biomimetic reef loaded with ecological restoration agents and its application, overcoming the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a marine biomimetic reef loaded with an ecological restoration agent and its application.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A marine biomimetic reef loaded with an ecological restoration agent includes: a porous ceramic biomimetic reef, the biomimetic reef having a hollow cavity structure, with several grooves on the outer surface, and the interior divided into at least one agent slow-release chamber and one propagation body fixation chamber. The slow-release chamber is filled with an ecological restoration slow-release core material, which is composed of biochar carrier, sodium alginate and plant-derived active ingredients. Inside the propagation chamber, there is a composite propagation unit, which is formed by mixing and fixing dormant seeds of *Leptochloa macrophylla* and lateral branches of *Leptochloa macrophylla* in a certain proportion.

[0009] Preferred: The plant-derived active ingredients include, by weight, 70-100 parts chitosan, 50-100 parts crude licorice extract, 50-100 parts crude coptis extract, and 50-100 parts crude gallnut extract.

[0010] Preferred: The preparation process of the biochar carrier includes: Corn cobs and rice husks were mixed and crushed at a mass ratio of 1:1, dried, and then pyrolyzed at 450℃-550℃ for 2-2.5 hours. After activation treatment with 0.5mol / L phosphoric acid solution, biochar carrier was obtained.

[0011] Preferred method for preparing composite reproductive unit includes: Select lateral branches of *Leptochloa macrophylla* with a length of 8-12 cm; Select seeds of *Gnaphalium affine* that have been cultured in alternating temperatures in seawater with adjusted salinity. Secure the lateral branches and seeds to the bundles using hemp rope and net bags, with 3-5 seeds on each lateral branch.

[0012] The beneficial effects are: Branching forms a landscape relatively quickly, while seeds continue to grow for a long time and provide mutual protection: the rapid growth of branches reduces water flow to a certain extent, providing a better environment for the relatively fragile germinating seeds, which can improve seed settlement and survival.

[0013] Preferred method: variable temperature culture in seawater with adjusted salinity: 10-12 psu, 10-13℃ for 2-3 days; adjust salinity to 14-16 psu, 8-11℃ for 3-4 days; adjust salinity to 19-21 psu, 6-8℃ for 5-6 days; finally, use seawater directly for 3-4 days.

[0014] The beneficial effect is that variable temperature culture can improve the stress resistance of seeds. In actual culture, the control of salinity and temperature cycle should be fine-tuned according to the adaptation of seeds. In addition, the hydrological conditions of the ecological restoration area should also be taken into account. The core principle is to gradually increase salinity and decrease water temperature to approximate the actual hydrological environment.

[0015] Preferred specifications for porous ceramic biomimetic reef bodies are: Length 20-25cm, width 35-40cm, height 50-100cm; The groove is 15-25mm deep, 5-10mm wide, and the distance between adjacent grooves is 10-15mm.

[0016] Furthermore, other conventional shapes and specifications that meet the experimental requirements are acceptable. At the bottom of the marine biomimetic reef, appropriate counterweights or fixed cones or other components can be added to increase stability.

[0017] Preferred method for preparing porous ceramic biomimetic reef: Porous ceramic powder, pore-forming agent and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 80-100:20-25:50-60, shaped and sintered at 1000-1100℃.

[0018] The present invention also provides an application of any of the above-mentioned marine biomimetic reefs in the natural restoration of macrophytes.

[0019] Preferred deployment density: 2,500-3,500 biomimetic reefs per hectare of sea area.

[0020] Furthermore, the deployment quantity may be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the actual situation of the sea area to be modified.

[0021] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a marine biomimetic reef loaded with an ecological restoration agent and its application, achieving the following technical effects: This invention utilizes rapid fixation of branches and long-term growth and replacement of seeds to make the repair more durable.

[0022] It contains plant-derived active ingredients that can improve the microenvironment to a certain extent, reduce diseases, and help improve the survival rate.

[0023] The biomimetic design, with surface grooves, simulates natural reefs to some extent, which is conducive to biological attachment; the materials, such as ceramics, hemp rope, biochar, and plant extracts, are biodegradable or harmless.

[0024] The accompanying seeds undergo temperature and salinity gradient acclimatization to enhance their adaptability to complex marine environments and promote establishment. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] This invention discloses a marine biomimetic reef loaded with an ecological restoration agent and its application.

[0027] In the embodiments, all raw materials and materials not mentioned are commercially available; all processes not mentioned are conventional processes and will not be described in detail here.

[0028] Example 1 A marine biomimetic reef loaded with an ecological restoration agent includes: a porous ceramic biomimetic reef, wherein the biomimetic reef has a hollow cavity structure, the outer surface is provided with several grooves, and the interior is divided into at least one agent slow-release chamber and one propagation body fixation chamber. The slow-release chamber is filled with an ecological restoration slow-release core material, which is composed of a biochar carrier, sodium alginate and plant-derived active ingredients. Inside the propagation chamber, there is a composite propagation unit, which is formed by mixing and fixing dormant seeds of *Leptochloa macrophylla* and lateral branches of *Leptochloa macrophylla* in a certain proportion.

[0029] To further optimize the technical solution: the plant-derived active ingredients include, by weight, 70 parts chitosan, 50 parts crude licorice extract, 50 parts crude coptis extract, and 50 parts crude gallnut extract.

[0030] To further optimize the technical solution: the preparation process of biochar carriers includes: Corn cobs and rice husks were mixed and crushed at a mass ratio of 1:1, dried, and then pyrolyzed at 450℃ for 2 hours. After activation treatment with 0.5 mol / L phosphoric acid solution, biochar carrier was obtained.

[0031] To further optimize the technical solution: the preparation method of the composite propagule unit includes: Select lateral branches of *Leptochloa macrophylla* with a length of 8-12 cm; Select seeds of *Gnaphalium affine* that have been cultured in alternating temperatures in seawater with adjusted salinity. Secure the lateral branches and seeds to the bundles using hemp rope and net bags, with 3-5 seeds on each lateral branch.

[0032] To further optimize the technical solution: variable temperature culture in seawater with adjusted salinity: 10 psu salinity, 10℃ for 3 days; adjust salinity to 14 psu, 8℃ for 3 days; adjust salinity to 19 psu, 6℃ for 5 days; finally, use seawater directly for 3 days.

[0033] To further optimize the technical solution: the specifications of the porous ceramic biomimetic reef are as follows: Length 20cm, width 35cm, height 50cm; The groove has a depth of 15mm, a width of 5mm, and a spacing of 10mm between adjacent grooves.

[0034] To further optimize the technical solution: the preparation method of porous ceramic biomimetic reef body is as follows: porous ceramic powder, pore-forming agent and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 80:20:50, shaped and sintered at 1000℃.

[0035] Example 2 A marine biomimetic reef loaded with an ecological restoration agent includes: a porous ceramic biomimetic reef, wherein the biomimetic reef has a hollow cavity structure, the outer surface is provided with several grooves, and the interior is divided into at least one agent slow-release chamber and one propagation body fixation chamber. The slow-release chamber is filled with an ecological restoration slow-release core material, which is composed of a biochar carrier, sodium alginate and plant-derived active ingredients. Inside the propagation chamber, there is a composite propagation unit, which is formed by mixing and fixing dormant seeds of *Leptochloa macrophylla* and lateral branches of *Leptochloa macrophylla* in a certain proportion.

[0036] To further optimize the technical solution: the plant-derived active ingredients include, by weight, 85 parts chitosan, 75 parts crude licorice extract, 75 parts crude coptis extract, and 75 parts crude gallnut extract.

[0037] To further optimize the technical solution: the preparation process of biochar carriers includes: Corn cobs and rice husks were mixed and crushed at a mass ratio of 1:1, dried, and then pyrolyzed at 500℃ for 2.5 hours. After activation treatment with 0.5 mol / L phosphoric acid solution, biochar carrier was obtained.

[0038] To further optimize the technical solution: the preparation method of the composite propagule unit includes: Select lateral branches of *Leptochloa macrophylla* with a length of 8-12 cm; Select seeds of *Gnaphalium affine* that have been cultured in alternating temperatures in seawater with adjusted salinity. Secure the lateral branches and seeds to the bundles using hemp rope and net bags, with 3-5 seeds on each lateral branch.

[0039] To further optimize the technical solution: variable temperature culture in seawater with adjusted salinity: 11 psu, 12℃ for 3 days; adjust salinity to 15 psu, 10℃ for 4 days; adjust salinity to 20 psu, 7℃ for 6 days; finally, use seawater directly for 4 days.

[0040] To further optimize the technical solution: the specifications of the porous ceramic biomimetic reef are as follows: Length 22cm, width 35cm, height 70cm; The groove has a depth of 20mm, a width of 10mm, and a spacing of 15mm between adjacent grooves.

[0041] To further optimize the technical solution: the preparation method of porous ceramic biomimetic reef body is as follows: porous ceramic powder, pore-forming agent (corn starch) and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 90:25:55, shaped and sintered at 1100℃.

[0042] Example 3 A marine biomimetic reef loaded with an ecological restoration agent includes: a porous ceramic biomimetic reef, wherein the biomimetic reef has a hollow cavity structure, the outer surface is provided with several grooves, and the interior is divided into at least one agent slow-release chamber and one propagation body fixation chamber. The slow-release chamber is filled with an ecological restoration slow-release core material, which is composed of a biochar carrier, sodium alginate and plant-derived active ingredients. Inside the propagation chamber, there is a composite propagation unit, which is formed by mixing and fixing dormant seeds of *Leptochloa macrophylla* and lateral branches of *Leptochloa macrophylla* in a certain proportion.

[0043] To further optimize the technical solution: the plant-derived active ingredients include, by weight, 100 parts chitosan, 100 parts crude licorice extract, 100 parts crude coptis extract, and 100 parts crude gallnut extract.

[0044] To further optimize the technical solution: the preparation process of biochar carriers includes: Corn cobs and rice husks were mixed and crushed at a mass ratio of 1:1, dried, and then pyrolyzed at 550℃ for 2.5 hours. After activation treatment with 0.5 mol / L phosphoric acid solution, biochar carrier was obtained.

[0045] To further optimize the technical solution: the preparation method of the composite propagule unit includes: Select lateral branches of *Leptochloa macrophylla* with a length of 8-12 cm; Select seeds of *Gnaphalium affine* that have been cultured in alternating temperatures in seawater with adjusted salinity. Secure the lateral branches and seeds to the bundles using hemp rope and net bags, with 3-5 seeds on each lateral branch.

[0046] To further optimize the technical solution: variable temperature culture in seawater with adjusted salinity: 12 psu, 13℃ for 3 days; adjust salinity to 16 psu, 11℃ for 4 days; adjust salinity to 21 psu, 8℃ for 6 days; finally, use seawater directly for 4 days.

[0047] To further optimize the technical solution: the specifications of the porous ceramic biomimetic reef are as follows: Length 25cm, width 40cm, height 100cm; The groove has a depth of 25mm, a width of 10mm, and a spacing of 15mm between adjacent grooves.

[0048] To further optimize the technical solution: the preparation method of porous ceramic biomimetic reef body is as follows: porous ceramic powder, pore-forming agent and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 100:25:60, shaped and sintered at 1100℃.

[0049] Comparative experiment The experiment was conducted in a sea area in Weihai City. Three zones with similar seabed conditions (approximately 30 × 30 m, with a sedimentary mixture of mud and sand and an organic matter content of approximately 2-2.2%) were grouped as follows: Experimental group, same as in Example 2; Control 1: The difference from Example 2 is that the propagation cell attachment chamber did not contain dormant seeds of Algae macrophylla.

[0050] Control 2: The difference from Example 2 is that the plant-derived active ingredients in the drug release chamber are not present; and no seeds were cultured under variable temperature conditions.

[0051] The experimental results showed that, after removing obvious abnormalities (such as a very small number of areas without planting or a small number of damaged biomimetic reefs), the seed germination rate of the experimental group using the method of this invention was better than that of control 2. In the early stage, there were almost no barnacles attached to the biomimetic reefs in the experimental group. After 180 days, compared with control 1, the experimental group had more flowers and the repair effect lasted longer. In the second year, the flowering of the experimental group was significantly better than that of control 1. Throughout the observation period, the area of ​​planting failure in control 2 increased significantly, the contiguous area was less, and the area affected by disease was higher than that in the experimental group.

[0052] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0053] Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A marine biomimetic reef loaded with an ecological restoration agent, characterized in that, include: A porous ceramic biomimetic reef body, wherein the biomimetic reef body has a hollow cavity structure, with several grooves on the outer surface, and the interior is divided into at least one drug slow-release chamber and one propagation body fixation chamber. The drug slow-release chamber is filled with an ecological restoration slow-release core material, which is composed of a biochar carrier, sodium alginate and plant-derived active ingredients. The propagation chamber contains a composite propagation unit, which is formed by mixing and fixing dormant seeds of *Leptochloa macrophylla* and lateral branches of *Leptochloa macrophylla* in a certain proportion.

2. The marine biomimetic reef as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The plant-derived active ingredients, by weight, include: 70-100 parts chitosan, 50-100 parts crude licorice extract, 50-100 parts crude coptis extract, and 50-100 parts crude gallnut extract.

3. The marine biomimetic reef as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation process of the biochar carrier includes: Corn cobs and rice husks were mixed and crushed at a mass ratio of 1:1, dried, and then pyrolyzed at 450℃-550℃ for 2-2.5 hours. After activation treatment with 0.5mol / L phosphoric acid solution, biochar carrier was obtained.

4. The biomimetic reef as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The method for preparing the composite reproductive unit includes: Select lateral branches of *Leptochloa macrophylla* with a length of 8-12 cm; Select seeds of *Gnaphalium affine* that have been cultured in alternating temperatures in seawater with adjusted salinity. Secure the lateral branches and seeds to the bundles using hemp rope and net bags, with 3-5 seeds on each lateral branch.

5. The marine biomimetic reef as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The culture was carried out in seawater with adjusted salinity at varying temperatures: 10-12 psu salinity, 10-13℃ for 2-3 days; adjusted salinity to 14-16 psu, 8-11℃ for 3-4 days; adjusted salinity to 19-21 psu, 6-8℃ for 5-6 days; and finally, the seawater was used directly for 3-4 days of culture.

6. The marine biomimetic reef as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The specifications of the porous ceramic biomimetic reef are as follows: Length 20-25cm, width 35-40cm, height 50-100cm; The groove has a depth of 15-25mm, a width of 5-10mm, and a spacing of 10-15mm between adjacent grooves.

7. The marine biomimetic reef as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Preparation method of porous ceramic biomimetic reef: Porous ceramic powder, pore-forming agent and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 80-100:20-25:50-60, shaped and sintered at 1000-1100℃.

8. An application of the marine biomimetic reef according to any one of claims 1-7 in the natural restoration of macrophytes.

9. The application as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The deployment density is 2,500-3,500 biomimetic reefs per hectare of sea area.