Display module and display device

Abstract

This disclosure provides a display module and a display device, belonging to the field of display technology. The display module of this disclosure includes: a substrate, a pixel defining layer, a black matrix, a light guide structure, and an optical sensor located on the substrate away from the pixel defining layer, arranged sequentially on the substrate and in a direction away from the substrate; the pixel defining layer has a plurality of first openings; the black matrix has a plurality of second openings; the orthographic projections of any two of the first openings, second openings, optical sensors, and light guide structures on the substrate at least partially overlap; the light guide structure has a bottom surface and a top surface disposed opposite to each other, and a side surface connecting the bottom surface and the top surface; the light guide structure is configured to adjust the light incident from the top surface and the side surface and then emit it through the bottom surface, and conduct it to the optical sensor through the second opening and the first opening.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of display technology, specifically relating to a display module and display device. Background Technology

[0002] Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are advanced light-emitting devices that use organic solid-state semiconductor materials as the organic light-emitting layer. Due to their relatively simple fabrication process, low production cost, excellent power consumption control, high luminous brightness, and wide operating temperature range, OLED technology is widely considered to have broad application prospects in the display and lighting fields. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a display module and display device.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a display module, the display module comprising: a substrate, a pixel defining layer, a black matrix, a light guide structure, and an optical sensor located on the substrate away from the pixel defining layer; the pixel defining layer having a plurality of first openings; the black matrix having a plurality of second openings; any two of the first openings, the second openings, the optical sensor, and the light guide structure having orthographic projections on the substrate that at least partially overlap; the light guide structure having a bottom surface and a top surface disposed opposite to each other, and a side surface connecting the bottom surface and the top surface;

[0005] The light guide structure is configured to adjust the light incident from the top surface and the side surface, then exit through the bottom surface and conduct it to the optical sensor via the second opening and the first opening.

[0006] In some embodiments, the light guide structure has a through hole; the orthographic projection of the through hole on the substrate at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second opening on the substrate, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the through hole on the substrate is smaller than the orthographic projection area of ​​the second opening on the substrate.

[0007] The side surface includes: a first side surface away from the through hole and a second side surface close to the through hole;

[0008] The angle between the first side surface and the bottom surface is 90 degrees to 120 degrees;

[0009] The angle between the second side surface and the bottom surface is 45 degrees to 75 degrees.

[0010] In some embodiments, the number of light guide structures is multiple; the multiple light guide structures are stacked.

[0011] In some embodiments, along the direction away from the substrate, the projected area of ​​each light guide structure on the substrate gradually decreases; the second side of each light guide structure is flush with the substrate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the display module further includes: an auxiliary light guide structure located between adjacent light guide structures;

[0013] The refractive index of the auxiliary light guide structure is less than that of the light guide structure.

[0014] In some embodiments, the thickness of the auxiliary light guide structure is less than the thickness of the light guide structure.

[0015] In some embodiments, the light guide structure includes: a plurality of light guide portions; adjacent light guide portions are spaced apart; and the orthographic projection of each light guide portion on the substrate falls around the orthographic projection of the through hole on the substrate.

[0016] In some embodiments, the light guide portions are arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner around the central axis of the through hole.

[0017] In some embodiments, the orthogonal projection of the bottom surface onto the substrate completely covers the orthogonal projection of the second opening onto the substrate;

[0018] The angle between the side surface and the bottom surface is 45 degrees to 75 degrees.

[0019] In some embodiments, the projected area of ​​the first opening on the substrate is greater than the projected area of ​​the second opening on the substrate.

[0020] In some embodiments, the display module further includes: a touch layer located on the side of the black matrix close to the substrate, and a touch insulating layer located on the side of the black matrix away from the substrate and covering the light guide structure;

[0021] The refractive index of the touch-sensitive insulating layer is less than that of the light-guiding structure.

[0022] In some embodiments, the touch insulating layer fills the second opening.

[0023] In some embodiments, the pixel defining layer further has a plurality of third openings; the black matrix further has a plurality of fourth openings; the orthographic projection of the third opening on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the fourth opening on the substrate at least partially overlap; the display module further includes: a light-emitting layer, a color filter layer and an encapsulation layer;

[0024] The light-emitting layer is located within the third opening;

[0025] The color filter layer is located within the fourth opening;

[0026] The encapsulation layer is located between the light-emitting layer and the touch layer.

[0027] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a display device, the display device including the display module as provided in the first aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the front view of the light guide structure in the display module.

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a top view of the light guide structure in the display module.

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the optical path of the light guide structure in the display module.

[0033] Figure 6 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the front view of the light guide structure in the display module.

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 2 The diagram shows a top view of the light guide structure in the display module.

[0035] Figure 8 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the optical path of the light guide structure in the display module.

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 10 for Figure 9 The diagram shows the main view of the light guide structure in the display module.

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 12 for Figure 11 The diagram shows the main view of the light guide structure in the display module.

[0040] Figure 13 for Figure 1 The diagram shows another top view of the light guide structure in the display module.

[0041] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 15 for Figure 14 The diagram shows the main view of the light guide structure in the display module.

[0043] Figure 16 for Figure 14 The diagram shows a top view of the light guide structure in the display module.

[0044] Figure 17 for Figure 14 The diagram shows the optical path of the light guide structure in the display module. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this disclosure, and not all of them. The components of the embodiments of this disclosure described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this disclosure provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed disclosure, but merely represents selected embodiments of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Without conflict, the various embodiments of this disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “comprising,” “including,” or “including,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.

[0047] In this disclosure, "multiple or several" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0048] OLED display modules typically integrate optical sensors, whose main function is to sense the intensity and changes of ambient light in their corresponding aperture areas and dynamically adjust the brightness of the display area accordingly to improve the user's viewing experience under different lighting conditions. To enhance the overall appearance and aesthetics of the OLED display module and minimize the reflectivity difference between the aperture area corresponding to the optical sensor and the main display area, the size of the aperture area corresponding to the optical sensor has been designed to be increasingly smaller. However, as the size of the aperture area corresponding to the optical sensor continues to shrink, its transmittance and effective field of view (FOV) also decrease accordingly. This directly leads to a decline in the optical sensor's ability to sense ambient light and its overall optical performance.

[0049] To address the common issue of ambient light reflection in OLED display modules, the industry typically employs two main technical solutions on the light-emitting side of the module: one is to apply a polarizer, and the other is to fabricate a color filter on encapsulation (COE) above the encapsulation layer. Both effectively reduce the reflectivity of the display module to ambient light. Meanwhile, due to the need for thinner and lighter display modules, COE technology is currently widely used because it eliminates the need for additional polarizer thickness and facilitates flexible and thinner designs. With the polarizer solution, the measured half-width of the field of view (half the full width at half maximum) of the aperture region corresponding to the optical sensor can reach approximately 50° to 60°, which effectively ensures the optical sensor's ability to perceive external ambient light. However, in COE technology, due to the occlusion effect of the black matrix (BM) within the structure, the measured half-width of the field of view of the aperture region corresponding to the optical sensor is significantly reduced, typically to only about 25° to 30°. This reduction in field of view directly weakens the optical sensor's ability to perceive ambient light, thus affecting the overall brightness adaptive adjustment performance of the OLED display module under different ambient lighting conditions.

[0050] In order to at least solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present disclosure provides a display module and a display device. The display module and display device provided in the present disclosure will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0051] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a display module. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the display module includes: a substrate 101, a pixel limiting layer 102, a black matrix 103, a light guide structure 104, and an optical sensor 105 located on the substrate 101 away from the pixel limiting layer 102, arranged sequentially on the substrate 101 and in a direction away from the substrate 101; the pixel limiting layer 102 has a plurality of first openings H1; the black matrix 103 has a plurality of second openings H2; the orthographic projections of any two of the first openings H1, second openings H2, optical sensor 105, and light guide structure 104 on the substrate 101 are at least partially overlapping; the light guide structure 104 has a bottom surface 1041 and a top surface 1042 arranged opposite to each other, and a side surface 1043 connecting the bottom surface 1041 and the top surface 1042; the light guide structure 104 is configured to adjust the light incident from the top surface 1042 and the side surface 1043 and then emit it through the bottom surface 1041, and conduct it to the optical sensor 105 via the second openings H2 and the first openings H1.

[0052] The substrate 101 can be made of flexible materials, such as at least one high-performance polymer material selected from polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). These materials not only possess excellent mechanical flexibility and deformation recovery capabilities but also high thermal stability, allowing them to withstand certain temperature loads in subsequent processes. Simultaneously, their excellent insulation properties effectively isolate upper and lower circuit layers, and their uniform surface provides a reliable adhesion interface for various organic functional layers deposited or integrated above, thus providing lightweight, flexible, and fatigue-resistant structural support and physical protection for the entire display module. Alternatively, the substrate 101 can be made of rigid materials, such as inorganic materials like glass. These materials possess excellent optical transmittance, extremely high dimensional stability and surface flatness, and high hardness and strong chemical corrosion resistance, maintaining their shape even under harsh process environments, providing a solid and stable planar foundation for high-precision patterning processes. In addition, glass has a low coefficient of thermal expansion, which helps improve the structural reliability of the display module under temperature changes, making it suitable for display module applications with extremely high requirements for flatness and stability.

[0053] The pixel-defining layer 102 can be prepared using at least one organic material, with common options including but not limited to acrylic (acrylic resin), general-purpose resin, polyimide (PI), or benzocyclobutene (BCB). These materials possess good film-forming properties and process compatibility, meeting the display module's requirements for fine patterning. To further enhance the optical isolation performance of the pixel-defining layer 102, carbon black or other light-absorbing components are typically added to the aforementioned base materials. By introducing these light-absorbing additives, the pixel-defining layer 102 achieves a stable and uniform black state. This blackening design efficiently absorbs stray light from inside or outside the display module, effectively suppressing light leakage caused by accidental light transmission or reflection in non-emitting areas. By reducing light leakage, not only can the contrast of the display module be significantly improved, but the purity and saturation of color performance can also be enhanced, thereby comprehensively ensuring the quality and visual effect of the displayed image.

[0054] The Black Matrix 103 can be made from black organic materials with high light absorption properties. Common substrates include black photoresist, black resin, or polyimide. To enhance the light-blocking effect, a high concentration of carbon black particles or other black pigments (such as titanium black, aniline black, etc.) is usually added to the material system. By optimizing the dispersion and addition ratio of carbon black or black pigments, the average optical density of the Black Matrix in the visible light band (380 nm–780 nm) reaches above 3.0, thereby efficiently absorbing stray light and ambient reflected light. In practical terms, the Black Matrix 103 can absorb light from the external environment, reduce the ambient light reflectivity of the display module's light-emitting surface, and improve display contrast and outdoor readability. In display modules using COE technology, the Black Matrix 103 also acts as a light-blocking element between color filters.

[0055] Multiple first openings H1 are formed on the pixel limiting layer 102, and multiple second openings H2 are correspondingly formed on the black matrix 103. These can serve as incident windows for ambient light. It is important to note that, in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 101, the projections of any two of the first openings H1, second openings H2, optical sensor 105, and light guide structure 104 onto the substrate 101 have at least a partial overlap, and their projections in the vertical direction are not completely misaligned or deviated. This ensures that ambient light incident from outside the display module, passing sequentially through the light guide structure 104, second openings H2, and first openings H1, is never blocked or obstructed by the edges of adjacent structures, thus forming a continuous light transmission channel from the module surface to the optical sensor 105, providing accurate and reliable signals for subsequent ambient light detection and display brightness adjustment.

[0056] The light guide structure 104 can be made of a transparent material with high light transmittance, such as glass. Besides ordinary optical glass, quartz glass, sapphire glass, or high-transparency resins (such as PMMA, PC, and COC plastics) can also be used, depending on the comprehensive requirements for light transmittance, refractive index, heat resistance, and mechanical strength. The light guide structure 104 has a bottom surface 1041 and a top surface 1042 arranged opposite each other, and a side surface 1043 connecting the bottom surface 1041 and the top surface 1042. It can optically adjust (e.g., converge or deflect) the ambient light incident from the top surface 1042 and the side surface 1043, and then efficiently emit the adjusted light through the bottom surface 1041. The emitted light then sequentially passes through the second opening H2 in the black matrix 103 and the first opening H1 in the pixel limiting layer 102, and is transmitted to the optical sensor 105 located on the other side of the substrate 101.

[0057] An optical sensor 105 is disposed on the side of the substrate 101 opposite to the pixel limiting layer 102, i.e., on the back or lower surface of the entire display module. Its main function is to receive and detect the ambient light transmitted through the light guide structure 104, which is adjusted and then passes sequentially through the second opening H2 of the black matrix 103 and the first opening H1 of the pixel limiting layer 102. By analyzing the intensity, spectral composition, and variation patterns of the received light signal, the optical sensor 105 can accurately sense the lighting conditions in the current usage environment and feed back the corresponding electrical signal to the display driver chip. The driver chip dynamically adjusts the luminous brightness of the OLED display area according to the signal, thereby achieving adaptive brightness control under different ambient light conditions, ensuring both comfortable viewing in low-light environments and maintaining sufficient screen readability in bright light environments.

[0058] In the display module provided in this embodiment, the light guide structure 104 can optically adjust the ambient light incident from the top surface 1042 and the side surface 1043, such as converging the light and changing its propagation direction. After adjustment, the ambient light can be emitted more efficiently from the bottom surface 1041 of the light guide structure 104. The emitted light can pass through the second opening H2 on the black matrix 103 and the first opening H1 on the pixel limiting layer 102 in sequence, and be transmitted to the optical sensor 105 located on the other side of the substrate 101. In this way, ambient light with a large incident angle that is easily blocked or lost in conventional structures can also be effectively collected and guided to the optical sensor 105 by the light guide structure 104. That is, more ambient light (especially light with a wide viewing angle) can be transmitted to the optical sensor 105, thereby significantly improving the field of view of the opening area corresponding to the optical sensor 105 and improving the transmittance of ambient light. This enhances the optical sensor 105's ability to sense external light, enabling it to detect changes in ambient light more sensitively and accurately, thus providing a more reliable basis for the display module to automatically adjust screen brightness.

[0059] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the front view of the light guide structure in the display module. Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a top view of the light guide structure in the display module. Figure 5 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the optical path of the light guide structure in the display module. Figure 6 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the front view of the light guide structure in the display module. Figure 7 for Figure 2 The diagram shows a top view of the light guide structure in the display module. Figure 8 for Figure 2 The optical path diagram of the light guide structure in the display module shown is as follows: Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the light guide structure 104 has a through hole V; the orthographic projection of the through hole V on the substrate 101 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second opening H2 on the substrate 101, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the through hole V on the substrate 101 is smaller than the orthographic projection area of ​​the second opening H2 on the substrate 101; the side surface 1043 includes: a first side surface 1043A away from the through hole V and a second side surface 1043B close to the through hole V; the included angle α between the first side surface and the bottom surface is 90 degrees to 120 degrees; the included angle β between the second side surface and the bottom surface is 45 degrees to 75 degrees.

[0060] A through-hole V is provided in the light guide structure 104. The presence of the through-hole V causes the light guide structure 104 to form a first side surface 1043A and a second side surface 1043B. The first side surface 1043A is located on the side away from the through-hole V, and the second side surface 1043B is located on the side closer to the through-hole V. The included angle α between the first side surface 1043A and the bottom surface 1041 can be selected within the range of 90 degrees to 120 degrees. As an example, this included angle α can be set to 90 degrees (e.g., ...). Figure 1 , Figures 3 to 5 As shown), it can also be set to 103 degrees (as shown). Figure 2 , Figures 6 to 8 (As shown).

[0061] The top surface 1042 and the first side surface 1043A of the light guide structure 104 can both serve as the incident interface for external ambient light. Specifically, for light rays from the vertical or near-vertical direction (i.e., small-angle light rays), they mainly enter the light guide structure 104 through the top surface 1042 and exit from the bottom surface 1041 via a relatively direct path, with minimal internal reflection. Simultaneously, some vertical or near-vertical light rays can exit directly through the through-hole V. For large-angle light rays from a larger tilt angle, they are mainly incident through the first side surface 1043A. After entering the light guide structure 104, this portion of light undergoes multiple total internal reflections between the bottom surface 1041, the top surface 1042, and the second side surface 1043B. Through this internal reflection mechanism, the large-angle light rays are gradually guided and redirected, ultimately exiting from the bottom surface 1041. The light rays emitted through the aforementioned multiple paths then sequentially pass through the second opening H2 on the black matrix 103 and the first opening H1 on the pixel limiting layer 102, ultimately being conducted to the optical sensor 105 located on the other side of the substrate 101. In this way, ambient light, which would normally be blocked or lost due to its large incident angle in a conventional structure, can be effectively collected and guided to the optical sensor 105 by the light guide structure 104. This allows more ambient light (especially light with a wide viewing angle) to be conducted to the optical sensor 105, significantly increasing the field of view of the opening area corresponding to the optical sensor 105 and improving the transmittance of ambient light. This enhances the optical sensor 105's ability to sense external light, enabling it to detect changes in ambient light more sensitively and accurately, providing a more reliable basis for the display module to automatically adjust screen brightness.

[0062] It should be noted that the orthographic projection of the through-hole V onto the substrate 101 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second opening H2 onto the substrate 101, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the through-hole V onto the substrate 101 is smaller than the orthographic projection area of ​​the second opening H2 onto the substrate 101. Thus, the central region of the second opening H2 corresponds to the position of the through-hole V, while the edge region of the second opening H2 is covered by the body of the light guide structure 104. Ambient light in the vertical direction or at a small viewing angle can directly exit through the through-hole V. Since the interior of the through-hole V is usually air or other low-refractive-index medium, the light experiences less scattering and absorption during transmission, thus reaching the optical sensor 105 sequentially through the second opening H2 and the first opening H1 with lower loss. Simultaneously, ambient light at a large viewing angle mainly enters through the first side 1043A of the light guide structure 104, undergoes total internal reflection inside the light guide structure 104, and exits from the bottom surface 1041. The exit position corresponds precisely to the edge region of the second opening H2, thus it can also be effectively transmitted to the optical sensor 105. This ensures both the direct light transmission efficiency at small viewing angles and the full utilization of the light guide structure 104's ability to collect light at large viewing angles. It avoids the light guide structure 104 from failing due to an excessively large aperture V or the amount of direct light from being too small, thus helping to improve the field of view and overall light sensitivity of the optical sensor 105 within the limited area of ​​the aperture V.

[0063] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 10 for Figure 9 The diagram shows the front view of the light guide structure in the display module. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 12 for Figure 11 The diagram shown is a front view of the light guide structure in the display module. Figures 9 to 12 As shown, there are multiple light guide structures 104; the multiple light guide structures 104 are stacked.

[0064] Multiple light guide structures 104 are stacked, meaning that multiple light guide structures 104 are stacked sequentially along a direction perpendicular to the substrate 101. This significantly increases the total area of ​​the first side surface 1043A in the overall structure. The increased area of ​​the first side surface 1043A, as the main incident surface for ambient light with a wide viewing angle, means that more area is available for wide-viewing-angle light to enter the interior of the light guide structure 104. When external ambient light is incident at a wide viewing angle, each layer of the stacked structure 104 can independently collect wide-viewing-angle light through its respective first side surface 1043A and guide this light gradually to the bottom surface 1041 for emission through an internal total internal reflection mechanism. Compared to a single-layer light guide structure, the stacked structure not only improves the ability to collect wide-viewing-angle light but also helps to widen the overall field of view. This allows light that might otherwise be unable to enter the optical sensor 105 due to an excessively large incident angle to be effectively captured and conducted, thereby further improving the photosensitivity and field of view performance of the corresponding opening area of ​​the optical sensor 105.

[0065] In some embodiments, such as Figures 9 to 12 As shown, along the direction away from the substrate 101, the projected area of ​​each light guide structure 104 on the substrate 101 gradually decreases; the second side 1043B of each light guide structure 104 is flush with the substrate 101.

[0066] Along the direction away from the substrate 101, the projected area of ​​each stacked light guide structure 104 on the substrate 101 gradually decreases, forming a stepped, contracting stacked configuration. Simultaneously, the second sidewalls 1043B of each light guide structure 104 remain flush with each other in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 101. Thus, although the projected areas of different light guide structures 104 are different, the flush alignment of their second sidewalls 1043B ensures that the sidewalls of the via V formed by these second sidewalls 1043B are smooth and continuous, without unevenness or step misalignment. This also provides a larger tilting space and incident area for the first sidewall 1043A, facilitating the entry of wide-angle light into the light guide structure 104 from the first sidewall 1043A. Furthermore, the flush alignment of the second sidewalls 1043B ensures the regularity of the internal region of the via V, reducing unnecessary scattering and reflection of vertical or narrow-angle light as it passes through the via V, thereby achieving efficient, low-loss transmission.

[0067] In some embodiments, such as Figures 9 to 12 As shown, the display module also includes an auxiliary light guide structure 104F located between adjacent light guide structures 104; the refractive index of the auxiliary light guide structure 104F is less than the refractive index of the light guide structure 104.

[0068] The display module also includes an auxiliary light guide structure 104F, which is located between two adjacent light guide structures 104. That is, in the multiple light guide structures 104 stacked sequentially along the direction away from the substrate 101, an auxiliary light guide structure 104F is sandwiched between every two adjacent light guide structures 104. The refractive index of the auxiliary light guide structure 104F is lower than that of the light guide structure 104. This difference in refractive index creates an effective total internal reflection condition at the interface between the light guide structure 104 and the auxiliary light guide structure 104F. This helps to confine large-angle light incident on the interior of the light guide structure 104 within the light guide structure 104, reducing light leakage between adjacent layers and thus improving light transmission efficiency.

[0069] In some embodiments, such as Figures 9 to 12 As shown, the thickness of the auxiliary light guide structure 104F is less than the thickness of the light guide structure 104.

[0070] As the primary light-guiding medium, the light guide structure 104 needs sufficient thickness to ensure that light rays with a wide viewing angle undergo multiple total internal reflections within it, thereby being effectively guided to the bottom surface 1041 for emission. The auxiliary light guide structure 104F mainly serves to provide a low-refractive-index interface and isolate adjacent light guide structures 104; its thickness does not need to be excessive, and appropriate thinning is sufficient to meet optical requirements. Furthermore, a thinner auxiliary light guide structure 104F helps control the overall thickness of the entire stacked structure, which is beneficial for the lightweight design of the display module, while also reducing material usage and simplifying the manufacturing process.

[0071] Figure 13 for Figure 1 Another top view schematic diagram of the light guide structure in the display module is shown, as follows: Figure 13 As shown, the light guide structure 104 includes: a plurality of light guide portions 1040; adjacent light guide portions 1040 are spaced apart; the orthographic projection of each light guide portion 1040 on the substrate 101 falls around the orthographic projection of the through hole V on the substrate 101.

[0072] The light guide structure 104 specifically includes multiple light guide sections 1040. These light guide sections 1040 are independent of each other, and there is a gap between two adjacent light guide sections 1040. That is, the light guide structure 104 is not a continuous integral structure, but is arranged in a discrete manner. The orthographic projection of each light guide section 1040 on the substrate 101 is located in the area surrounding the orthographic projection of the through hole V on the substrate 101. The location of the through hole V is kept as a void or filled with a low refractive index medium so that small-angle light can pass through directly. At the same time, the surrounding light guide sections 1040 are responsible for collecting and guiding large-angle light, thereby realizing the splitting and efficient utilization of light at different angles.

[0073] In some embodiments, such as Figure 13As shown, each light guide part 1040 is arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner around the central axis of the through hole V.

[0074] The light guides 1040 are arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner around the central axis of the through-hole V, meaning that the included angles between adjacent light guides 1040 are equal, and the entire arrangement is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. This arrangement ensures that ambient light rays incident from any horizontal direction at a wide viewing angle can encounter the interfaces of the structurally consistent light guides 1040, thereby achieving isotropic light collection and guidance and avoiding uneven optical performance caused by directional differences. Simultaneously, the rotationally symmetrical structure also simplifies the manufacturing process, facilitating mass production through methods such as photolithography or imprinting.

[0075] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 15 for Figure 14 The diagram shows the front view of the light guide structure in the display module. Figure 16 for Figure 14 The diagram shows a top view of the light guide structure in the display module. Figure 17 for Figure 14 The optical path diagram of the light guide structure in the display module shown is as follows: Figures 14 to 17 As shown, the orthographic projection of the bottom surface 1041 of the light guide structure 104 onto the substrate 101 completely covers the orthographic projection of the second opening H2 onto the substrate 101; the angle γ between the side surface 1043 and the bottom surface 1041 is 45 degrees to 75 degrees.

[0076] Figure 14 The light guide structure 104 in the display module shown is... Figure 1 , Figure 2 The difference in the light guide structure 104 in the display module shown is that... Figure 1 , Figure 2 The light guide structure 104 in the display module shown has a through hole V. Figure 14 The light guide structure 104 in the display module shown does not have a through hole V. For example... Figures 14 to 17As shown, the light guide structure 104 is generally truncated cone-shaped, with its bottom surface 1041 completely covering the second opening H2. The angle γ between the side surface 1043 and the bottom surface 1041 is 45 to 75 degrees. Specifically, light rays from the vertical or near-vertical direction (i.e., small-angle light rays) mainly enter the light guide structure 104 through the top surface 1042 and exit from the bottom surface 1041 via a relatively direct path, with minimal internal reflection. For large-angle light rays from a larger tilt angle, they mainly enter through the side surface 1043. After entering the light guide structure 104, the propagation direction of these rays is deflected, and the large-angle light rays are gradually guided and redirected, eventually exiting from the bottom surface 1041 as well. The light rays exiting through these multiple paths then sequentially pass through the second opening H2 on the black matrix 103 and the first opening H1 on the pixel limiting layer 102, ultimately being conducted to the optical sensor 105 located on the other side of the substrate 101. In this way, ambient light with a large incident angle, which is easily blocked or lost in conventional structures, can be effectively collected and guided to the optical sensor 105 by the light guide structure 104. This means that more ambient light (especially light with a wide viewing angle) can be transmitted to the optical sensor 105, thereby significantly increasing the field of view of the corresponding opening area of ​​the optical sensor 105 and improving the transmittance of ambient light. As a result, the optical sensor 105's ability to sense external light is enhanced, allowing it to detect changes in ambient light more sensitively and accurately, providing a more reliable basis for the display module to automatically adjust the screen brightness.

[0077] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the projected area of ​​the first opening H1 on the substrate 101 is greater than the projected area of ​​the second opening H2 on the substrate 101.

[0078] The projected area of ​​the first opening H1 on the substrate 101 is larger than that of the second opening H2 on the substrate 101. This helps to ensure that the light emitted from the bottom surface 1041 of the light guide structure 104 will not be unnecessarily blocked or cut off due to the small opening size of the first opening H1 as it passes through the second opening H2 and the first opening H1 in sequence. This effectively ensures that the ambient light can eventually reach the optical sensor 105 smoothly and avoids the loss of light signal due to the mismatch of opening sizes.

[0079] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the display module also includes: a touch layer 106 located on the side of the black matrix 103 close to the substrate 101, and a touch insulating layer 107 located on the side of the black matrix 103 away from the substrate 101 and covering the light guide structure 104; the refractive index of the touch insulating layer 107 is less than the refractive index of the light guide structure 104.

[0080] The touch layer 106 is disposed on the side of the black matrix 103 closest to the substrate 101, i.e., below the black matrix, and is used to realize the touch function of the display module. The touch insulating layer 107 is disposed on the side of the black matrix 103 away from the substrate 101, i.e., above the black matrix, and the touch insulating layer 107 covers the light guide structure 104, serving as insulation and protection. In addition, the refractive index of the touch insulating layer 107 is less than that of the light guide structure 104, which helps to form an effective total internal reflection condition at the interface between the light guide structure 104 and the touch insulating layer 107. This confines more of the transmitted ambient light inside the light guide structure 104, reduces the leakage or scattering of light towards the touch insulating layer 107, and thus improves the transmission efficiency of light from the incident surface to the exit surface, ensuring that more ambient light can ultimately reach the optical sensor 105.

[0081] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the touch insulating layer 107 is filled in the second opening H2.

[0082] In the area where the second opening H2 is located, the material of the touch insulating layer 107 completely fills the opening space, so that there are no gaps or air bubbles inside the second opening H2. This helps to ensure the overall structural flatness and interlayer bonding of the display module in this area, while avoiding unnecessary interface reflection or scattering caused by residual air in the opening. This allows ambient light to pass through the second opening H2 more smoothly and be transmitted to the optical sensor 105 below.

[0083] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the pixel limiting layer 102 also has a plurality of third openings H3; the black matrix 103 also has a plurality of fourth openings H4; the orthographic projection of the third opening H3 on the substrate 101 and the orthographic projection of the fourth opening H4 on the substrate 101 at least partially overlap; the display module also includes: an emissive layer 108, a color filter layer 109 and an encapsulation layer 110; the emissive layer 108 is located within the third opening H3; the color filter layer 109 is located within the fourth opening H4; the encapsulation layer 110 is located between the emissive layer 108 and the touch layer 106.

[0084] The pixel defining layer 102 also has multiple third openings H3, and the black matrix 103 has multiple corresponding fourth openings H4. The orthographic projections of the third openings H3 and the fourth openings H4 on the substrate 101 at least partially overlap, forming a pair of corresponding openings that define the light-emitting areas of the display pixels. Furthermore, the display module includes a light-emitting layer 108, a color filter layer 109, and an encapsulation layer 110. Specifically, the light-emitting layer 108 is disposed within the third openings H3 of the pixel defining layer 102, serving as the light-emitting unit of the display pixels; the color filter layer 109 is disposed within the fourth openings H4 of the black matrix 103, used for color conversion or filtering of the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 108 to achieve full-color display. The encapsulation layer 110 is located between the light-emitting layer 108 and the touch layer 106, serving to isolate water and oxygen, protect the light-emitting layer, and ensure the long-term reliability of the display module.

[0085] Secondly, this disclosure further provides a display device. This display device includes the display module provided in any of the above embodiments. Specifically, the display device can encompass various products or components with display functions, including but not limited to: monitors, tablet computers, laptops, digital photo frames, navigators, smartphones, smart wearable devices, virtual reality or augmented reality display devices, in-vehicle central control screens, televisions, advertising screens, industrial control panels, etc. Any electronic device that needs to present information visually can use the display device provided in this disclosure. The basic principle by which this display device achieves its display function is the same as the basic principle of the aforementioned display module. To avoid repetition, this embodiment will not elaborate on the same technical principles; please refer to the preceding description of the display module for relevant details.

[0086] It should be noted that, for clarity of illustration, the dimensions of layers and regions may be appropriately exaggerated in the accompanying drawings to facilitate a visual understanding of the structural features. Furthermore, it should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "above" another element or layer, it may be directly above that other element or layer, or there may be intermediate layers between them. Similarly, when an element or layer is referred to as being "below" another element or layer, it may be directly below that other element or layer, or there may be one or more intermediate layers or elements. It should also be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being "between" two layers or two elements, it may be the only layer or element between them, or there may be one or more intermediate layers or elements. Similar reference numerals used throughout this specification are used to indicate similar elements.

[0087] In the several embodiments provided in this disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus can be implemented in many other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the positional relationships of the components illustrated or described represent only a logical functional relative position. In actual implementation, different positional arrangements can be adopted according to specific design requirements, and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0088] In this disclosure, the use of terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" refers to descriptions in connection with that embodiment or example, indicating that the specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described is included in at least one embodiment or example of this specification. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the described specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics can be combined with each other in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without creating contradictions, those skilled in the art can combine or merge the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features in different embodiments or examples.

[0089] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of this disclosure, and this disclosure is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of this disclosure, and these modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A display module, characterized in that, The display module includes: a substrate, a pixel defining layer, a black matrix, a light guide structure, and an optical sensor located on the substrate away from the pixel defining layer; the pixel defining layer has a plurality of first openings; the black matrix has a plurality of second openings; the orthographic projections of any two of the first openings, the second openings, the optical sensor, and the light guide structure on the substrate at least partially overlap; the light guide structure has a bottom surface and a top surface disposed opposite to each other, and a side surface connecting the bottom surface and the top surface; The light guide structure is configured to adjust the light incident from the top surface and the side surface, then exit through the bottom surface and conduct it to the optical sensor via the second opening and the first opening.

2. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light guide structure has a through hole; the orthographic projection of the through hole on the substrate at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second opening on the substrate, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the through hole on the substrate is smaller than the orthographic projection area of ​​the second opening on the substrate. The side surface includes: a first side surface away from the through hole and a second side surface close to the through hole; The angle between the first side surface and the bottom surface is 90 degrees to 120 degrees; The angle between the second side surface and the bottom surface is 45 degrees to 75 degrees.

3. The display module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of light guide structures is multiple; the multiple light guide structures are stacked.

4. The display module according to claim 3, characterized in that, Along the direction away from the substrate, the projected area of ​​each light guide structure on the substrate gradually decreases; the second side of each light guide structure is flush with the substrate.

5. The display module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The display module further includes: an auxiliary light guide structure located between adjacent light guide structures; The refractive index of the auxiliary light guide structure is less than that of the light guide structure.

6. The display module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the auxiliary light guide structure is less than the thickness of the light guide structure.

7. The display module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The light guide structure includes: a plurality of light guide portions; adjacent light guide portions are spaced apart; the orthographic projection of each light guide portion on the substrate falls around the orthographic projection of the through hole on the substrate.

8. The display module according to claim 7, characterized in that, Each of the light guide parts is arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner around the central axis of the through hole.

9. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The orthogonal projection of the bottom surface onto the substrate completely covers the orthogonal projection of the second opening onto the substrate. The angle between the side surface and the bottom surface is 45 degrees to 75 degrees.

10. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The projected area of ​​the first opening on the substrate is greater than the projected area of ​​the second opening on the substrate.

11. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display module further includes: a touch layer located on the side of the black matrix close to the substrate, and a touch insulating layer located on the side of the black matrix away from the substrate and covering the light guide structure; The refractive index of the touch-sensitive insulating layer is less than that of the light-guiding structure.

12. The display module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The touch-sensitive insulating layer fills the second opening.

13. The display module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The pixel defining layer also has a plurality of third openings; the black matrix also has a plurality of fourth openings; the orthographic projection of the third opening on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the fourth opening on the substrate at least partially overlap; The display module further includes: a light-emitting layer, a color filter layer, and an encapsulation layer; The light-emitting layer is located within the third opening; The color filter layer is located within the fourth opening; The encapsulation layer is located between the light-emitting layer and the touch layer.

14. A display device, characterized in that, The display device includes a display module as described in any one of claims 1 to 13.

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