An intelligent hollow glass with adjustable light transmittance and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of intelligent glass, and particularly relates to intelligent hollow glass with adjustable light transmittance and a construction method thereof.The construction method comprises the following steps: determining geographical position coordinates of a target building and an installation orientation of the intelligent hollow glass, calculating daily solar altitude angle and azimuth variation data of the whole year at the geographical position; determining a target light intensity value to be maintained indoors; combining the installation orientation, the solar altitude angle and azimuth variation data and the target light intensity value, and solving a set of optimal geometric parameters of the light-shielding blades through an optimization algorithm, so that the indoor light intensity is most stable and approaches the target light intensity value in the whole year.The present application completely adopts a passive structure, is self-adaptive and balanced in the whole year, and can simultaneously meet the thermal comfort requirements of heat increase in winter and sun-shading in summer through collaborative optimization of the tilt angle, the center distance and the rotation angle, and stably control the indoor light intensity around the target value, thereby significantly improving the indoor light environment comfort.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of smart glass technology, and in particular to a smart insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With increasingly stringent requirements for building energy conservation, insulated glass, as an effective building envelope, is widely used in various types of buildings. Traditional insulated glass mainly reduces the heat transfer coefficient through an air layer or an inert gas layer to achieve thermal insulation, but its ability to regulate sunlight transmission is limited, and it cannot dynamically adjust the indoor lighting intensity according to changes in the outdoor sun's position.

[0003] To improve indoor lighting environments, various dimmable glass products have emerged in existing technologies, such as electrochromic glass, thermochromic glass, and liquid crystal dimming glass. These products actively control sunlight transmission by altering the optical properties of the glass through an applied electric field or temperature changes. However, these solutions generally suffer from high energy consumption, low system reliability, and difficulty in integrating with building architecture. This is mainly because they require continuous external energy input and rely on complex electronic control systems or potentially moving parts to achieve control.

[0004] In addition, there are solutions using fixed shading components (such as louvers) to reduce indoor heat gain by blocking some sunlight. However, such solutions are usually designed for a single design condition and cannot take into account the drastic changes in solar altitude and azimuth angles at different seasons and times of day, resulting in large fluctuations in daylight intensity throughout the year. Studies have shown that fixed louver solutions that only target a single typical date or only optimize two parameters, tilt angle and spacing, typically have an annual indoor daylight control deviation of over ±28%; while using four parameters—tilt angle, spacing, height, and rotation angle—to collaboratively optimize the annual solar angle sequence can control the deviation within ±15%, improving the control accuracy by approximately 57% compared to two-parameter solutions. Furthermore, existing fixed louver solutions typically do not explicitly link the rotation angle φ to the building facade azimuth angle, resulting in ineffective control of control deviations caused by changes in solar azimuth angle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance and its construction method, so as to solve the problem that existing adjustable glass is difficult to achieve constant indoor lighting control while taking into account the changes in the sun's position throughout the year.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a smart insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance, comprising two spaced-apart glass panes, a frame disposed around the two glass panes, and a light-shielding component fixed within a cavity formed by the two glass panes and the frame. The light-shielding assembly includes multiple light-shielding sheets that are equally spaced and inclined along the longitudinal direction of the glass. The light-shielding sheets are inclined relative to the glass surface and to the longitudinal direction of the glass.

[0007] Optionally, the glass is selected from at least one of soda-lime glass, alkaline aluminosilicate glass, alkaline borosilicate glass, and alkaline aluminosilicate glass.

[0008] Optionally, the sun-facing side of the shading sheet is provided with a solar reflectivity coating with a reflectivity of 0.75 to 0.95.

[0009] Optionally, the solar reflectivity coating is provided with a microprism array (made of a transparent polymer material with a refractive index of 1.45–1.60, preferably polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)). The microprism array has a preset cutoff solar altitude angle, so that when the incident angle of sunlight is higher than the cutoff solar altitude angle, total internal reflection occurs and the sunlight is blocked; when the incident angle of sunlight is lower than the cutoff solar altitude angle, transmission occurs. The cutoff solar altitude angle is matched with the four geometric parameters h, θ, φ, and d mentioned above, making the transmittance response curve with the solar altitude angle steeper and further narrowing the deviation in daylight control throughout the year.

[0010] Optionally, the cavity formed by the two glass panels and the frame is filled with inert gas or kept in a dry air state.

[0011] Optionally, the cavity formed by the two glass panels and the frame is filled with inert gas or kept in a dry air state.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for constructing a smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance, comprising the following steps: S1. Determine the geographical coordinates of the target building and the installation orientation of the smart insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance. Based on the geographical coordinates of the target building, calculate the daily changes in solar altitude angle and azimuth angle throughout the year at that geographical location. S2. Determine the target light intensity value that needs to be maintained indoors; S3. Combining the installation orientation, solar altitude angle and azimuth angle variation data of the smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance obtained in S1 with the target light intensity value obtained in S2, an optimal set of geometric parameters of the shading blades is solved through optical simulation and optimization algorithms, so that the indoor light intensity is most stable and close to the target light intensity value throughout the year.

[0013] The smart insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance includes two spaced-apart glass panes, a frame surrounding the two glass panes, and a light-shielding component fixed within the cavity formed by the two glass panes and the frame. The light-shielding assembly includes multiple light-shielding sheets that are equally spaced and inclined along the longitudinal direction of the glass. The light-shielding sheets are inclined relative to the glass surface and to the longitudinal direction of the glass.

[0014] Optionally, the geometric parameters include h, θ, φ, and d, where h is the width of the light-shielding sheet, θ is the tilt angle of the light-shielding sheet relative to the glass surface, φ is the tilt angle of the light-shielding sheet relative to the longitudinal direction of the glass, and d is the center distance between two adjacent light-shielding sheets.

[0015] It should be noted that the width of the light-shielding sheet is h, the tilt angle of the light-shielding sheet relative to the glass surface is θ, the tilt angle of the light-shielding sheet relative to the longitudinal direction of the glass is φ, and the center distance between two adjacent light-shielding sheets is d. h, θ, φ, and d are four geometric parameters of the light-shielding sheet, and their synergistic optimization ensures that the deviation between the indoor light intensity and the target value during the entire working period does not exceed ±15%. θ is optimized based on the latitude of the building location and the target light intensity value to match the significant changes in the solar altitude angle between winter and summer, achieving a balance between winter heating and summer shading. d is set based on the target light intensity value and the solar direct radiation intensity data of a typical meteorological year in the location. h is set based on the installation space of the building facade and the shading ratio requirements of adjacent blades, used to adjust the light transmission and shading distribution under different incident angles. φ is set based on the orientation of the building facade, so that the extension direction of the light-shielding blades adapts to the range of changes in the main solar azimuth angle of the location. The length of the light-shielding sheet is variable and depends on the outer contour dimensions of the glass.

[0016] When in use, the smart insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance is installed on the top or other sides of the building. The four geometric parameters h, θ, φ and d mentioned above are determined based on the annual solar altitude angle distribution of the building's location and the indoor target light intensity.

[0017] The smart insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance of this embodiment can be used in sunrooms, greenhouses, or plant cultivation spaces.

[0018] Optionally, the optimization algorithm is a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm, or a simulated annealing algorithm.

[0019] Beneficial Effects: This invention provides a method for constructing intelligent insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance. Compared to existing technologies, it offers significant advantages. First, it employs a completely passive structure, requiring no external power input, no electrical control system, and no moving parts, achieving zero energy consumption, maintenance-free operation, and high reliability, overcoming the high energy consumption and low reliability drawbacks of active dimming solutions such as electrochromic displays. Second, it achieves year-round adaptive balance; through the coordinated optimization of tilt angle, center spacing, and rotation angle, it simultaneously meets the thermal comfort requirements of winter heating and summer shading, while stably controlling indoor light intensity near the target value, significantly improving indoor light environment comfort. Third, the shading blades are completely encapsulated within the cavity of the insulated glass, integrated with the building structure, occupying no extra space, not affecting the aesthetics of the facade, and installation is no different from ordinary insulated glass, resulting in low construction costs. Furthermore, this method can be customized according to any geographical location, orientation, and lighting requirements, offering strong versatility and balancing summer shading and heat insulation with winter lighting and heat gain, achieving a balance between building energy conservation and light environment comfort. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for constructing a smart insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a side view of an intelligent insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the light-shielding sheet of the smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the microprism structure of the smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is the curve showing the change in indoor light intensity on the winter solstice in Dongguan area in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is the curve showing the annual indoor light intensity variation in Dongguan area in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is the annual light intensity variation curve of a sunroom in Dongguan area in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is the annual indoor light intensity variation curve in Dongguan area (with additional microprism array) in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] This invention provides a method for constructing intelligent insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0030] The existing fixed louver scheme with multi-parameter collaborative optimization still has the following technical shortcomings: (1) The glare problem has not been fundamentally solved: Although multi-parameter optimization can control the total light transmittance, the blade surface is usually made of specular reflective material, which will produce strong specular reflection glare at a certain solar angle, affecting indoor visual comfort. Even if the total light transmittance is reduced by optimizing θ and d, glare still exists because the intensity of glare is not linearly related to the total amount of light transmittance.

[0031] (2) Insufficient angle selectivity: The traditional fixed-blade control mechanism relies on the switching between "multiple reflection absorption" and "direct transmission", but this switching is gradual and not steep enough. During the transitional seasons (such as the spring and autumn equinoxes), the solar altitude angle changes drastically, and the sensitivity of light transmittance to changes in angle is insufficient, resulting in indoor light intensity still fluctuating by about ±15%.

[0032] (3) Uncontrollable light direction: The light entering the room still maintains its original directionality and cannot be directionally distributed according to the layout of the indoor space. For example, in winter, although low-angle sunlight can enter the room, it may directly shine on people's eyes or work surfaces, causing local over-brightness; in summer, the direction of light reflected to the outside is uncontrollable and may reflect onto the opposite building, causing light pollution.

[0033] Based on this, this embodiment provides a method for constructing a smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1. Determine the geographical coordinates of the target building and the installation orientation of the smart insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance. Based on the geographical coordinates of the target building, calculate the daily changes in solar altitude angle and azimuth angle throughout the year at that geographical location. S2. Determine the target light intensity value that needs to be maintained indoors; S3. Combining the installation orientation, solar altitude angle, and azimuth angle variation data of the smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance from S1 with the target light intensity value obtained from S2, an optimal set of geometric parameters for the shading blades is solved through optical simulation and optimization algorithms, so that the indoor light intensity is most stably close to the target light intensity value throughout the year.

[0034] The smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, it includes two spaced-apart glass panels 2, a frame 1 surrounding the two glass panels 2, and a light-shielding assembly fixed within the cavity formed by the two glass panels 2 and the frame 1. The light-shielding component includes multiple light-shielding sheets 3 that are equally spaced and inclined along the longitudinal direction of the glass 2. The light-shielding sheets 3 are inclined relative to the surface of the glass 2 and to the longitudinal direction of the glass 2.

[0035] It should be noted that the core of this embodiment lies in utilizing the predictability of solar geometric motion to achieve passive light modulation through shading blades with fixed geometric parameters. First, based on the geographical coordinates of the target building and the installation orientation of the smart insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance, the daily variation sequence of the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle throughout the year is calculated. Then, with the indoor target light intensity as the optimization objective, optical simulation and optimization algorithms (simultaneously optimizing four parameters: blade tilt angle, spacing, height, and rotation angle) are used to solve for a set of optimal fixed geometric parameters. This set of parameters ensures that the actual luminous flux entering the room after sunlight incident from different angles is blocked by the blades, and in the sense of annual time integration, it is closest to the ideal value—that is, the state where the indoor light intensity exactly equals the target value. This has significant advantages compared to existing technologies. Firstly, it adopts a completely passive structure, requiring no external power input, no electronic control system, and no moving parts, achieving zero energy consumption, maintenance-free operation, and high reliability, overcoming the shortcomings of high energy consumption and low reliability of active dimming solutions such as electrochromic displays. Secondly, it achieves year-round adaptive balance by synergistically optimizing tilt angle, center spacing, and rotation angle to simultaneously meet the thermal comfort requirements of winter heating and summer shading, while stably controlling indoor light intensity near the target value, significantly improving indoor lighting comfort. Thirdly, the shading blades are completely encapsulated within the cavity of the insulated glass, integrating seamlessly with the building structure. This eliminates the need for additional space, does not affect the aesthetics of the facade, and installation is identical to that of ordinary insulated glass, resulting in low construction costs. Furthermore, this method can be customized to any geographical location, orientation, and lighting requirements, offering strong versatility and balancing summer shading and winter light and heat gain, achieving a balance between building energy efficiency and lighting comfort.

[0036] In some embodiments, the geometric parameters include h, θ, φ, and d, where h is the width of the light-shielding sheet 3, θ is the tilt angle of the light-shielding sheet 3 relative to the surface of the glass 2, φ is the tilt angle of the light-shielding sheet 3 relative to the longitudinal direction of the glass 2, also known as the rotation angle, which is the angle at which the light-shielding leaf rotates around its own normal, and d is the center distance between two adjacent light-shielding sheets 3.

[0037] It should be noted that the width of the light-shielding plate 3 is h, the tilt angle of the light-shielding plate 3 relative to the surface of the glass 2 is θ, the tilt angle of the light-shielding plate 3 relative to the longitudinal direction of the glass 2 is φ, and the center distance between two adjacent light-shielding plates 3 is d. The above-mentioned h, θ, φ, and d are four geometric parameters of the light-shielding plate 3, which are optimized together to ensure that the deviation between the indoor light intensity and the target value during the working period throughout the year does not exceed ±15%. θ is optimized according to the latitude of the building location and the target light intensity value to match the significant changes in the solar altitude angle between winter and summer, and to achieve a balance between winter heating and summer shading. d is set according to the target light intensity value and the solar direct radiation intensity data of a typical meteorological year in the location. h is set according to the installation space of the building facade and the shading ratio requirements of adjacent blades, and is used to adjust the light transmission and shading distribution under different incident angles. φ is set according to the orientation of the building facade so that the extension direction of the light-shielding blades is adapted to the range of changes in the main solar azimuth angle of the location. The length of the light-shielding plate 3 is variable and depends on the outer contour size of the glass.

[0038] When in use, the smart insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance is installed on the top or other sides of the building. The four geometric parameters h, θ, φ and d mentioned above are determined based on the annual solar altitude angle distribution of the building's location and the indoor target light intensity.

[0039] The smart insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance of this embodiment can be used in sunrooms, greenhouses, or plant cultivation spaces.

[0040] In some embodiments, the glass 2 is selected from at least one of soda-lime glass, alkaline aluminosilicate glass, alkaline borosilicate glass, and alkaline aluminosilicate glass, and at least one surface of the two glass pieces is provided with a Low-E functional coating. The Low-E functional coating can improve thermal insulation performance.

[0041] In some embodiments, the sun-facing side of the shading sheet 3 is provided with a solar reflectivity coating of 0.75 to 0.95. Using this range of reflectivity, the shading sheet 3 can efficiently reflect direct solar radiation to the outside in summer, reducing indoor heat gain; in winter, through its tilt angle and spacing design, it allows more solar radiation to enter the room, assisting in heating.

[0042] In some embodiments, the solar reflectivity coating is provided with a microprism array (made of a transparent polymer material with a refractive index of 1.45–1.60, preferably polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)). The microprism array has a preset cutoff solar altitude angle, so that when the incident angle of sunlight is higher than the cutoff solar altitude angle, total internal reflection occurs and the sunlight is blocked; when the incident angle of sunlight is lower than the cutoff solar altitude angle, transmission occurs. The cutoff solar altitude angle is matched with the four geometric parameters h, θ, φ, and d mentioned above, making the transmittance response curve with the solar altitude angle steeper and further narrowing the deviation in daylight control throughout the year.

[0043] In some embodiments, the structure of the microprism array is as follows: Figure 5 As shown: Microprism shape: a right-angled prism (90° apex angle) or an isosceles prism (120° apex angle) extending along the length of the blade, with a triangular cross-section; Prism spacing: The distance between the center lines of adjacent prisms is 100μm to 300μm, which is invisible to the naked eye; Prism height: The distance from the prism tip to the substrate is 50μm to 150μm; Location: Installed on the light-facing side (outdoor side) of the shading blade 3, and fixed to the blade surface with optical grade transparent adhesive; Materials: Transparent polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC) are used, with a refractive index n=1.45~1.60. The amount of volatile organic compounds released is negligible within the working temperature range of the sealed cavity, and it is compatible with the sealed cavity for a long time.

[0044] It should be noted that, through the coordinated design of standardized microprism arrays with blade tilt angle θ, center spacing d, etc., specular reflection is converted into directional reflection while maintaining high reflectivity, thus eliminating glare; at the same time, by utilizing the total internal reflection / transmission switching mechanism of the microprisms, the steepness of the change in light transmittance with the solar altitude angle is enhanced, further reducing the light fluctuations during the transitional seasons. In some embodiments, the cavity formed by the two glass panes 2 and the frame 1 is filled with an inert gas or kept in a dry air state.

[0045] In some implementations, the optimization algorithm is a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm, or a simulated annealing algorithm.

[0046] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments.

[0047] Example 1 The smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance in this embodiment, such as... Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, it includes two spaced-apart glass panels 2, a frame 1 surrounding the two glass panels 2, and a light-shielding assembly fixed within the cavity formed by the two glass panels 2 and the frame 1. The light-shielding component includes multiple light-shielding sheets 3 that are equally spaced and inclined along the longitudinal direction of the glass 2. The light-shielding sheets 3 are inclined relative to the surface of the glass 2 and to the longitudinal direction of the glass 2.

[0048] This embodiment defines the geographical coordinates of the target building as Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China (23.02°N, 113.75°E). The design involves horizontally installing adjustable-transmittance smart insulated glass units on the building's roof to achieve constant indoor lighting on the winter solstice. The design goal is to horizontally install the smart insulated glass units on the building's roof, setting the target illuminance at a reference plane 0.5 meters above the ground indoors to 300 W / m². 2 The winter solstice (the day with the lowest solar altitude angle of the year) was selected as the design reference date. First, the solar altitude angle α and azimuth angle β data of Dongguan City on the winter solstice (December 22) were calculated using the solar position algorithm from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm local time (one calculation point per hour).

[0049] A simplified ray-tracing optical model of the intelligent insulating glass system was established, treating the shading blades as opaque thin plates with reflectivity (blade height h = 15 mm). The optimization design variables were the blade tilt angle θ (angle between the blade plane and the horizontal plane), the center-to-center distance d (distance between the centerlines of adjacent blades), and the rotation angle φ of the blades around their own normal. The optimization objective was set to minimize the calculated light intensity of 300 W / m² at each time point from 9:00 to 15:00 on the winter solstice. 2 The sum of squared deviations was calculated using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. After iterative calculations, the algorithm converged to a set of optimal fixed geometric parameters: blade tilt angle θ_opt = 58°, blade center-to-center distance d_opt = 34 mm, and rotation angle φ = 0°.

[0050] Based on the above optimization results, the product is manufactured. In this embodiment, glass 2 uses a 6mm thick tempered ultra-clear glass and a 6mm thick tempered Low-E glass as double-layer glass. A thin aluminum alloy sheet with a mirror-polished surface and a protective coating is cut into light-shielding blades with a height h of 15mm. Spectrometer measurements show that its solar spectral reflectance in the 0.3-2.5μm band is 0.90. The blades are assembled using a metal frame, with all light-shielding blades parallel and evenly spaced with a tilt angle θ=58°, a center distance d=34mm, and a rotation angle φ=0°, fixed within a sealed cavity. Argon gas is filled into the cavity before sealing. Under these optimized parameters, the results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the measured range of indoor illuminance at the reference point from 9:00 to 15:00 on the winter solstice is 285-312 W / m².2 With the target value of 300W / m 2 With a maximum deviation of less than ±5%, passive and energy-free constant daylight regulation was achieved compared to the unoptimized control group.

[0051] Example 2 The smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance in this embodiment, such as... Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, it includes two spaced-apart glass panels 2, a frame 1 surrounding the two glass panels 2, and a light-shielding assembly fixed within the cavity formed by the two glass panels 2 and the frame 1. The light-shielding component includes multiple light-shielding sheets 3 that are equally spaced and inclined along the longitudinal direction of the glass 2. The light-shielding sheets 3 are inclined relative to the surface of the glass 2 and to the longitudinal direction of the glass 2.

[0052] This embodiment defines the geographical coordinates of the target building as Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China (23.02°N, 113.75°E). The goal is to achieve constant control of indoor light intensity throughout the year by installing horizontally adjustable smart insulated glass units on the building's roof. The design objective is to horizontally install the smart insulated glass units on the building's roof, setting the target light intensity at a reference plane 0.5 meters above the ground to 300 W / m². 2 The design period covers the entire year, using hourly solar position data from 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM daily as the optimization input. First, a solar position algorithm is used to calculate the solar altitude angle α and azimuth angle β sequence data for each representative day's corresponding time period, establishing the annual solar angle data.

[0053] A simplified ray-tracing optical model of the intelligent insulating glass system was established, treating the shading blades as opaque thin plates with reflectivity (blade height h = 20 mm). The optimization design variables were the blade tilt angle θ (angle between the blade plane and the horizontal plane), the center-to-center distance d (distance between the centerlines of adjacent blades), and the rotation angle φ of the blades around their own normal. The optimization objective was set to minimize the calculated light intensity at all representative times throughout the year, which is 300 W / m². 2 The root mean square error was calculated using a genetic algorithm for global optimization. After iterative calculations, the algorithm converged to a set of optimal fixed geometric parameters: leaf tilt angle θ_opt = 40°, leaf center-to-center distance d_opt = 38 mm, and rotation angle φ = 10°. This set of parameters represents the optimal solution that comprehensively considers the seasonal variations in solar altitude angle over an annual timescale.

[0054] Based on the above optimization results, the product was manufactured using a 6mm thick tempered ultra-clear glass and a 6mm thick tempered Low-E glass as the double-layer glass. A thin aluminum alloy sheet with a mirror-polished surface and a protective coating was cut into 20mm high shading blades. Spectrometer measurements showed that its solar spectral reflectance in the 0.3-2.5μm band was 0.90. The blades were assembled using a metal frame, with all shading blades parallel and evenly spaced at an angle of θ=40°, a center-to-center distance d=38mm (distance between the centerlines of adjacent blades), and a rotation angle φ=10°, fixed within a sealed cavity. Argon gas was filled into the cavity before sealing. Under these optimized parameters, the results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the measured indoor illuminance at the reference point during the period from 9:00 to 15:00 on representative days throughout the year ranges from 265 to 335 W / m². 2 With the target value of 300W / m 2 The maximum deviation was less than ±12%, compared to the unoptimized control group (annual fluctuation range 150-600W / m). 2 It achieves passive constant daylight control throughout the year without energy consumption or maintenance, significantly improving the comfort of the indoor lighting environment.

[0055] Example 3 This embodiment determines the geographical coordinates of the target building as Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China (23.02°N, 113.75°E). The sunroom features horizontally installed smart double-glazed glass with adjustable light transmittance on its roof, designed for a sunroom setting. This differs from Embodiment 2, which targets ordinary residential rooms and aims for 300W / m². 2 Unlike typical residential rooms, sunrooms are often used for plant cultivation, winter relaxation, and heating, requiring higher indoor light intensity and solar thermal gain than ordinary living rooms. Therefore, this embodiment aims to increase the target light intensity to 375W / m². 2 To achieve higher light transmittance, while ensuring sufficient lighting throughout the year, the higher structural transmittance also helps with passive solar heating in winter.

[0056] The design goal is to horizontally install the intelligent double-glazed glass units on the roof of the sunroom, with a target light intensity of 375 W / m² at a reference plane 0.5 meters above the ground inside the room. 2 The design period covers hourly solar position data from 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM daily throughout the year. A solar position algorithm is used to calculate the hourly solar altitude angle α and azimuth angle β for Dongguan City from 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM daily throughout the year, establishing annual solar angle data. Dongguan is located in a low-latitude region with a relatively high solar altitude angle throughout the year (approximately 89° at noon on the summer solstice and approximately 43° at noon on the winter solstice), resulting in ample direct solar irradiance (DNI) and good high-transmittance lighting conditions.

[0057] A simplified ray-tracing optical model of the intelligent insulating glass system was established, treating the shading blades as opaque thin plates with reflectivity (blade height h = 25 mm). The optimization design variables were the blade tilt angle θ (angle between the blade plane and the horizontal plane), the center-to-center distance d (distance between the centerlines of adjacent blades), and the rotation angle φ of the blades around their own normal. The optimization objective was set to minimize the calculated light intensity at all representative times throughout the year, which is 375 W / m². 2 The root mean square error was calculated using a genetic algorithm for global optimization. After iterative calculations, the algorithm converged to a set of optimal fixed geometric parameters: blade tilt angle θ_opt = 32°, blade center-to-center spacing d_opt = 44mm, and rotation angle φ = 15°. Compared to Example 2, the blade tilt angle is smaller, the spacing is larger, and the overall structure has higher transmittance, which meets the high light transmittance requirements of sunrooms.

[0058] Based on the above optimization results, the product was manufactured as follows: a 6mm thick tempered ultra-clear glass and a 6mm thick tempered ultra-clear glass (both layers are high-transmittance to reduce the absorption of the glass itself) were selected as double-layer glass; aluminum alloy thin plates with mirror polishing and protective coating were cut into 25mm high shading blades, and the solar spectral reflectance in the 0.3-2.5μm band was measured by a spectrometer to be 0.90; metal frames were used for assembly, and all shading blades were parallel and evenly spaced with an inclination angle of θ=32°, a center spacing of d=44mm (the distance between the center lines of adjacent blades), and a rotation angle of φ=15° and fixed in a sealed cavity, which was filled with argon gas before sealing.

[0059] Under these optimized parameters, the results are as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the measured indoor illuminance at the reference point during the period from 9:00 to 15:00 on representative days throughout the year ranges from 340 to 415 W / m². 2 Compared to the target value of 375W / m 2 The maximum deviation was less than ±15%, and the indoor light intensity was increased by approximately 25% compared to Example 2, which can meet the high light intensity requirements for plant cultivation in the sunroom and passive heating in winter. This is in contrast to the unoptimized control group (annual fluctuation range 150-600 W / m²). 2 This embodiment achieves effective light control while providing higher light transmittance.

[0060] Based on the constant year-round lighting in Example 2, this embodiment addresses the actual needs of sunrooms by increasing the target irradiance and re-optimizing the blade geometry parameters, achieving stable year-round lighting with higher light transmittance. It is suitable for sunroom scenarios with high requirements for both light intensity and winter heat gain.

[0061] Example 4 Based on Example 2, this embodiment further adds a microprism array layer to the surface of the shading blade to verify the enhancement effect of the microprism array on year-round light control.

[0062] Using the same optimized parameters as in Example 2: blade tilt angle θ = 40°, center-to-center distance d = 38 mm, and rotation angle φ = 10°. Based on this, a microprism array layer, thermoformed from a transparent polymer (PMMA), was bonded and fixed to the light-facing surface of the blade. This microprism array layer consisted of right-angled prisms extending along the blade's length, with a prism apex angle of 90°, an adjacent prism spacing of 200 μm, and a prism height of 100 μm. The microprism array layer was a pre-defined fixed structure, and its cutoff solar altitude angle was predetermined based on the representative winter and summer solar altitude angles for the Dongguan area.

[0063] During product manufacturing, except for the addition of the bonding step for the microprism array layer, the rest of the structure is the same as in Example 2: a 6mm thick tempered ultra-white glass and a 6mm thick tempered Low-E glass are selected as double-layer glass, the blades are made of aluminum alloy thin plates with a height of 20mm and a surface reflectivity of 0.90, and the cavity is filled with argon gas.

[0064] Under this parameter, the result is as follows Figure 9 As shown, the measured indoor illuminance at the reference point during the period from 9:00 to 15:00 on representative days throughout the year ranges from 285 to 315 W / m². 2 , compared to the target value of 300W / m 2 The maximum deviation is less than ±8%. Compared with Example 2 (without microprism array, deviation ±12%), this example further narrows the control deviation to within ±8%, proving that the synergistic effect of microprism array and optimized blade parameters can effectively improve the stability of light transmission throughout the year.

[0065] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a smart insulated glass unit with fixed blades but without optimization, for comparison with the optimized results of Example 1. Except for the blade tilt angle and center-to-center distance, the structure is identical to Example 1: a 6mm thick tempered ultra-clear glass and a 6mm thick tempered Low-E glass are used as the double-glazed unit; the blades are made of 20mm high aluminum alloy sheets with mirror-polished surfaces; and the cavity is filled with argon gas. The blade parameters are empirically designed: blade tilt angle θ = 45°, center-to-center distance d = 30mm. This smart insulated glass unit was horizontally installed on the roof of a building in Dongguan City, and indoor light intensity was measured from 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM on the winter solstice (December 22nd).

[0066] The results show that, under the unoptimized parameters, the measured illuminance at the indoor reference point from 9:00 to 15:00 on the winter solstice ranges from 180 to 450 W / m². 2The fluctuation range reached 270W / m 2 With the target value of 300W / m 2 The maximum deviation was -40% to +50%, which is much larger than ±5% in Example 1. This indicates that the fixed blades without optimized design cannot achieve constant daylight regulation on the winter solstice.

[0067] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a smart insulated glass unit using the optimized parameters of Example 1 (θ=58°, d=34mm) for comparison with the year-round optimized results of Example 2. Except for the blade parameters, the rest of the structure is identical to that of Example 2. The smart insulated glass unit was horizontally installed on the roof of a building in Dongguan City, and indoor light intensity was measured on representative days throughout the year (spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox, and winter solstice) from 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM.

[0068] The results show that, under these parameters, the measured indoor illuminance on representative days throughout the year ranges from 210 to 480 W / m². 2 , compared to the target value of 300W / m 2 The maximum deviation ranged from -30% to +60%, showing significant fluctuations. The solar radiation intensity on the summer solstice reached as high as 480 W / m². 2 The result far exceeds the target value because: when the device is installed horizontally, θ=58° means the blade plane is almost vertical; on the summer solstice in Dongguan, the noon solar altitude angle is about 89°, and the sunlight is almost vertically downward. At this time, the projection area of ​​the near-vertical blades blocking the incident light is minimal, allowing a large amount of sunlight to pass directly through the gaps between the blades into the room, resulting in higher light transmittance in summer. This indicates that the blade parameters optimized only for the low-angle sunlight on the winter solstice have significant seasonal failures on a year-round scale and cannot meet the requirement of constant light transmission throughout the year; while Example 2, through coordinated optimization of the annual solar angle sequence, controls the deviation within ±12%, significantly improving the comfort of the light environment throughout the year.

[0069] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides a smart insulated glass unit with optimized parameters from Example 2 (θ=40°, d=38mm, φ=10°), directly applied to a sunroom setting, and compared with the high light transmittance optimization results of Example 3. Except for the blade parameters, the rest of the structure is identical to Example 3. This smart insulated glass unit was horizontally installed on the roof of a sunroom in Dongguan City, and indoor light intensity was measured on representative days throughout the year (spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox, and winter solstice) from 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM.

[0070] The results show that, under these parameters, the measured indoor illuminance ranges from 265 to 335 W / m² on representative days throughout the year from 9:00 to 15:00. 2Similar to Example 2 in a typical living room, the average indoor light intensity was approximately 300 W / m². 2 With the target value of 375W / m for the sunroom 2 The ratio is about 20% lower, which cannot meet the needs of sunrooms for high light intensity and passive heat gain in winter.

[0071] This comparative example shows that directly applying blade parameters optimized for ordinary residential rooms to a sunroom setting, while maintaining 300W / m², does not achieve the desired performance. 2 The room receives some indoor light, but the transmittance is insufficient, failing to reach the required 375W / m² for a sunroom. 2 The light intensity also fails to provide sufficient solar heat gain in winter. Example 3, by re-optimizing the leaf geometry parameters for the sunroom scenario, significantly improved the overall light transmittance, making it more suitable for the actual use needs of sunrooms.

[0072] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides a smart insulating glass that uses only a microprism array but does not optimize the blade parameters, for comparison with the synergistic optimization results of Example 4.

[0073] The blade parameters were designed empirically: blade tilt angle θ = 45°, center-to-center distance d = 30mm, and rotation angle φ = 0°. The same microprism array layer as in Example 4 was bonded and fixed to the blade surface (pre-set fixing structure, cutoff solar altitude angle is the same as in Example 4). The remaining structure is the same as in Example 2. This smart insulated glass was horizontally installed on the roof of a building in Dongguan City, and indoor light intensity was measured on representative days throughout the year (spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox, and winter solstice) from 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM.

[0074] The results show that, under these parameters, the measured indoor illuminance on representative days throughout the year ranges from 195 to 465 W / m². 2 , compared to the target value of 300W / m 2 The maximum deviation was -35% to +55%, with a fluctuation range similar to Comparative Example 2 (θ=58°, d=34mm, no microprisms). This indicates that simply adding a microprism array without co-optimizing the blade tilt angle θ and center-to-center distance d cannot effectively utilize the angle selectivity of the microprisms, and the goal of constant daylighting throughout the year cannot be achieved. This comparative example further verifies that the microprism array must work synergistically with the optimized θ and d to produce the expected enhancement effect.

[0075] In summary, this invention provides an intelligent insulated glass unit with adjustable light transmittance and its construction method. Compared with existing technologies, it has significant advantages. First, it adopts a completely passive structure, requiring no external power input, no electrical control system, and no moving parts, achieving zero energy consumption, maintenance-free operation, and high reliability, overcoming the drawbacks of high energy consumption and low reliability of active dimming solutions such as electrochromic displays. Second, it achieves year-round adaptive balance. Through the coordinated optimization of tilt angle, center spacing, and rotation angle, it can simultaneously meet the thermal comfort needs of winter heating and summer shading, and stably control the indoor light intensity near the target value, significantly improving the comfort of the indoor light environment. Third, the shading blades are completely encapsulated within the cavity of the insulated glass, integrated with the building structure, without occupying extra space or affecting the aesthetics of the facade. Installation is no different from ordinary insulated glass, resulting in low construction costs. Furthermore, this method can be customized according to any geographical location, any orientation, and any lighting requirements, making it highly versatile and able to balance summer shading and heat insulation with winter lighting and heat gain, achieving a unity of building energy conservation and light environment comfort.

[0076] It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the examples above. Those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance, characterized in that, It includes two spaced-apart glass panels (2), a frame (1) surrounding the two glass panels (2), and a light-shielding component fixed within the cavity formed by the two glass panels (2) and the frame (1). The light-shielding assembly includes multiple light-shielding sheets (3) that are equally spaced and inclined along the longitudinal direction of the glass (2). The light-shielding sheets (3) are inclined relative to the surface of the glass (2) and inclined relative to the longitudinal direction of the glass (2).

2. The smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass (2) is selected from at least one of soda-lime glass, alkaline aluminosilicate glass, alkaline borosilicate glass and alkaline aluminosilicate glass.

3. The smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sun-facing side of the shading sheet (3) is provided with a solar reflectivity coating with a reflectivity of 0.75 to 0.

95.

4. The smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance according to claim 3, characterized in that, The solar reflectivity coating is provided with a microprism array (4).

5. The smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity formed by the two glass pieces (2) and the frame (1) is filled with inert gas or kept in a dry air state.

6. A method for constructing a smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Determine the geographical coordinates of the target building and the installation orientation of the smart insulated glass with adjustable light transmittance. Based on the geographical coordinates of the target building, calculate the daily changes in solar altitude angle and azimuth angle throughout the year at that geographical location. S2. Determine the target light intensity value that needs to be maintained indoors; S3. Combining the installation orientation, solar altitude angle, and azimuth angle variation data of the smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance from S1 with the target light intensity value obtained from S2, an optimal set of geometric parameters for the light-shielding sheet is solved through optical simulation and optimization algorithms, so that the indoor light intensity stably approaches the target light intensity value throughout the year.

7. The smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance according to claim 6, characterized in that, The geometric parameters include h, θ, φ and d, where h is the width of the light-shielding sheet (3), θ is the tilt angle of the light-shielding sheet (3) relative to the surface of the glass (2), φ is the tilt angle of the light-shielding sheet (3) relative to the longitudinal direction of the glass (2), and d is the center distance between two adjacent light-shielding sheets (3).

8. The method for constructing a smart insulating glass with adjustable light transmittance according to claim 6, characterized in that, The optimization algorithm is a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm, or a simulated annealing algorithm.

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