A feed for dairy cows for improving the production performance of the cows

Abstract

The application provides a kind of dairy cow feed for improving dairy cow production performance, comprising the following components: whole plant corn silage 48-60%, rubbing coarse feed 5-12%, energy feed 8-16%, protein feed 10-18%, byproduct fiber feed 3-8%, fat supplement 1-4%, mineral supplement 2-5%, rumen buffer component 0.8-2.0%, enzyme and bacteria compound premix 0.15-0.60% and mycotoxin control component 0.05-0.30%; the whole plant corn silage is the whole plant corn silage after lactic acid bacteria fermentation treatment; the energy feed includes one or more of pressed corn, corn meal and high-moisture corn; the mineral supplement includes stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, salt, trace element premix and vitamin premix; the application solves the problems of poor stability, low utilization rate, high feed cost and insufficient production performance improvement of existing high silage ration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed, and more particularly to a dairy cow feed that improves the production performance of dairy cows. Background Technology

[0002] Dairy cow production performance is closely related to dietary nutrient levels, roughage composition, and rumen fermentation stability. In large-scale dairy farming, the high prices of high-quality feed ingredients such as alfalfa hay, oat hay, and soybean meal have led to a continuous increase in feed costs, reducing farm profitability. Whole-plant corn silage has advantages such as stable source, good palatability, high energy level, easy storage, and large-scale feeding, and is gradually becoming an important roughage source in dairy cow diets. However, existing high-silage diets often simply replace some expensive roughage by increasing the proportion of corn silage, failing to fully consider factors such as the quality of silage raw materials, physically available fiber, starch fermentation rate, rumen buffering capacity, and mycotoxin risks. This can easily lead to problems such as picky eating, fluctuating feed intake, excessively high rumen acidity, unstable milk fat percentage, and decreased milk production performance in dairy cows.

[0003] Meanwhile, conventional additive-based feed programs often focus on a single aspect such as promoting feed intake, increasing milk production, or preventing mold and detoxification, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve cost reduction, stable production, and improved milk quality.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new dairy cow feed that improves dairy cow production performance to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a dairy cow feed that improves dairy cow production performance, solving the problems of poor stability, low utilization rate, high feed cost, and insufficient improvement in production performance associated with existing high-silage diets.

[0006] The present invention provides a dairy cow feed for improving dairy cow production performance. The dairy cow feed is a high-silage total mixed ration (TMR) feed for feeding lactating dairy cows, and comprises the following components by dry matter weight percentage: The composition includes 48%–60% whole-plant corn silage, 5%–12% shredded roughage, 8%–16% energy feed, 10%–18% protein feed, 3%–8% by-product fiber feed, 1%–4% fat supplement, 2%–5% mineral supplement, 0.8%–2.0% rumen buffering components, 0.15%–0.60% enzyme-bacterial compound premix, and 0.05%–0.30% mycotoxin control components. The whole-plant corn silage is whole-plant corn silage fermented with lactic acid bacteria; the shredded roughage is one or more of alfalfa hay, oat hay, sheep grass, and ryegrass hay that has been shredded; the energy feed includes one or more of flaked corn, corn flour, and high-moisture corn; the protein feed includes one or more of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, and extruded soybeans; the by-product fiber feed includes one or more of soybean hulls, beet meal, corn distillers grains, and brewer's grains; the fat supplement includes one or two of whole cottonseed and rumen-protected fat; and the mineral supplement includes limestone powder, dicalcium phosphate, salt, trace element premix, and vitamin premix. The rumen buffer component includes sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide; the enzyme-bacterial compound premix includes a carrier, cellulase, xylanase, amylase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture and Bacillus subtilis preparation; the mycotoxin control component includes at least two of montmorillonite, yeast cell wall and hydrated aluminosilicate.

[0007] Preferably, the dry matter content of the whole-plant corn silage is 30% to 38%, the starch content is not less than 30% on a dry matter basis, the lactic acid content is not less than 6%, the pH value is 3.6 to 4.2, and the whole-plant corn silage is free from mold, rot and clumping, and has no obvious butyric acid odor.

[0008] Preferably, the length of the shredded roughage is 2-5 cm. The shredded roughage and the whole-plant corn silage together constitute the roughage structural components to increase the physical effective fiber content of the feed and reduce picky eating by dairy cows.

[0009] Preferably, the rumen buffer component is composed of sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide, and the weight ratio of sodium bicarbonate to magnesium oxide is 3 to 6:1.

[0010] Preferably, based on the weight of the enzyme-bacterial compound premix, the cellulase is 3%–8%, the xylanase is 2%–6%, the amylase is 1%–5%, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture is 20%–45%, the Bacillus subtilis preparation is 5%–20%, and the remainder is the carrier.

[0011] Preferably, the mycotoxin control component is composed of montmorillonite, yeast cell wall and hydrated aluminosilicate, and the weight ratio of montmorillonite, yeast cell wall and hydrated aluminosilicate is 5-7:1-3:1-3.

[0012] Preferably, the dairy cow feed is prepared by the following method: First, the shredded roughage is shredded, and the whole-plant corn silage is broken up to remove moldy and clumped parts. Then, the rumen buffer component, the enzyme-bacterial compound premix, the mycotoxin control component, the trace element premix, and the vitamin premix are premixed with a portion of the energy feed or a portion of the protein feed to obtain a functional premix. Finally, the whole-plant corn silage, the shredded roughage, the energy feed, the protein feed, the by-product fiber feed, the fat supplement, the mineral supplement, and the functional premix are mixed to obtain the dairy cow feed.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention uses whole-plant corn silage as the main source of roughage, which can improve the utilization rate of local silage resources, reduce the amount of expensive roughage, and lower the daily feed cost for dairy cows.

[0014] 2. This invention supplements effective physical fiber by shredding roughage, which can reduce picky eating in dairy cows, promote rumination and saliva secretion, and help maintain the stability of the rumen environment.

[0015] 3. The present invention contains a rumen buffer component composed of sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide, which can alleviate the fluctuation of rumen acidity caused by rapid starch fermentation in high silage diets and reduce the risk of milk fat percentage decline.

[0016] 4. This invention improves the digestibility and utilization of silage fiber, cereal starch and by-product fiber by using enzyme-bacterial compound premix, thereby improving feed conversion efficiency and milk production performance.

[0017] 5. This invention reduces the risk of mold growth in silage and grain raw materials by controlling mycotoxins, which is beneficial to ensuring the health of dairy cows and the stability of milk quality.

[0018] 6. This invention can reduce feed costs while maintaining stable feed intake and milk production in dairy cows, and helps maintain milk fat and milk protein percentages, thereby improving the overall production performance of dairy cows. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall technical roadmap for a dairy cow feed that improves dairy cow production performance according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the composition of a dairy cow feed for improving dairy cow production performance according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of a dairy cow feed to improve dairy cow production performance according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application effect evaluation of a dairy cow feed that improves dairy cow production performance according to the present invention. Detailed embodiments. The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 ,in Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall technical roadmap for a dairy cow feed that improves dairy cow production performance according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the composition of a dairy cow feed for improving dairy cow production performance according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of a dairy cow feed to improve dairy cow production performance according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application effect evaluation of a dairy cow feed that improves dairy cow production performance according to the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 In the specific implementation process, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a dairy cow feed to improve dairy cow production performance. This dairy cow feed is a high-silage total mixed ration (TMR) feed suitable for feeding lactating dairy cows. This feed does not simply increase the amount of whole-plant corn silage added, but rather, while controlling the quality of the silage, it supplements physically available fiber by shredding roughage, and combines it with energy feed, protein feed, rumen buffer components, enzyme-bacterial compound premix, and mycotoxin control components, enabling dairy cows to maintain stable feed intake and stable lactation even under conditions of a high silage ratio.

[0022] In this embodiment, the dairy cow feed consists of the following components, based on dry matter weight percentage: The composition of the product is as follows: whole corn silage 55.0%, alfalfa hay 4.0%, oat hay 3.0%, flaked corn 8.5%, corn flour 3.5%, soybean meal 8.0%, cottonseed meal 4.0%, rapeseed meal 2.0%, corn distillers grains 3.0%, soybean hulls 2.5%, whole cottonseed 2.0%, rumen-protected fat 0.5%, limestone powder 0.9%, dicalcium phosphate 0.45%, salt 0.35%, trace element premix 0.25%, vitamin premix 0.15%, sodium bicarbonate 1.0%, magnesium oxide 0.25%, enzyme-bacterial compound premix 0.45%, and mycotoxin control component 0.20%.

[0023] Among them, alfalfa hay and oat hay together constitute shredded roughage; flaked corn and corn flour together constitute energy feed; soybean meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal together constitute protein feed; corn distillers grains and soybean hulls together constitute by-product fiber feed; whole cottonseed and rumen-protected fat together constitute fat supplement; limestone powder, dicalcium phosphate, salt, trace element premix and vitamin premix together constitute mineral supplement; sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide together constitute rumen buffer components.

[0024] When preparing dairy cow feed with a dry matter content of 1000 kg, the corresponding dry matter amounts for each component are as follows: 550 kg whole-plant corn silage, 40 kg alfalfa hay, 30 kg oat hay, 85 kg flaked corn, 35 kg corn flour, 80 kg soybean meal, 40 kg cottonseed meal, 20 kg rapeseed meal, 30 kg corn distillers' grains, 25 kg soybean hulls, 20 kg whole cottonseed, 5 kg rumen-protected fat, 9 kg limestone powder, 4.5 kg dicalcium phosphate, 3.5 kg salt, 2.5 kg trace element premix, 1.5 kg vitamin premix, 10 kg sodium bicarbonate, 2.5 kg magnesium oxide, 4.5 kg enzyme-bacterial compound premix, and 2.0 kg mycotoxin control component. When actually feeding, the dry matter content of each raw material should be converted to fresh weight or the actual feed weight.

[0025] Whole-plant corn silage is made from mature whole-plant corn that has been chopped, compacted, and sealed for fermentation. Before use, the whole-plant corn silage should be tested. The dry matter content should be controlled at 32%–35%, the starch content (by dry matter) at 30%–34%, the pH at 3.7–4.1, and the lactic acid content at no less than 6%. It should have a pleasantly sour aroma and should not have obvious mold, rotten clumps, hot lumps, or a strong butyric acid odor. If the silage shows mold, a dark brown rotten layer, or is noticeably sticky and smelly when handled, it should be discarded before use.

[0026] Alfalfa hay and oat hay are shredded before feeding, with the shredded length controlled to 2-5 cm. This length allows the roughage to be fully mixed with whole-plant corn silage, reducing picky eating by dairy cows, while retaining a certain amount of physically available fiber to promote rumination and saliva secretion, and avoiding fluctuations in rumen fermentation caused by excessive fine feed ratios in high-silage diets.

[0027] In the rumen buffering component, the weight ratio of sodium bicarbonate to magnesium oxide is 4:1. Sodium bicarbonate buffers rumen acidity, while magnesium oxide helps maintain rumen homeostasis. The combined use of these two components can reduce the risk of a rapid decline in rumen pH under high silage and high starch diets.

[0028] The enzyme-bacterial compound premix consists of corn flour carrier, cellulase, xylanase, amylase, yeast culture, and Bacillus subtilis preparation. By weight, the premix comprises 55% corn flour carrier, 25% yeast culture, 6% cellulase, 4% xylanase, 3% amylase, and 7% Bacillus subtilis preparation. Cellulase and xylanase promote the degradation of fiber components in silage and shredded roughage; amylase promotes the utilization of starch in corn silage and flaked corn; and yeast culture and Bacillus subtilis preparation improve the rumen microecological environment.

[0029] The mycotoxin control component is a mixture of montmorillonite, yeast cell wall, and hydrated aluminosilicate in a weight ratio of 6:2:2. This component is primarily used in diets to reduce the risk of mycotoxins that may be present in whole-plant maize silage, maize feed, and by-product feeds, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of mycotoxins on dairy cow feed intake, health status, and milk quality.

[0030] The method for preparing dairy cow feed in this embodiment is as follows: The first step is to test the raw materials. This involves testing the dry matter, starch, pH, lactic acid content, and mold levels of whole-plant corn silage; and testing the moisture content and sensory quality of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, corn distillers grains, and soybean hulls. After passing the tests, the feed conversion is based on the measured dry matter content of each raw material.

[0031] The second step is roughage processing. The whole-plant corn silage is broken up, removing any hot, moldy, or clumped parts to ensure the silage clumps are fully loosened. Alfalfa hay and oat hay are then fed into a shredding machine to process them, controlling their length to 2-5 cm. The shredded roughage is not further excessively ground to avoid reducing its effective fiber content.

[0032] The third step is to premix the functional components. Using a portion of the corn flour from this example as a carrier, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, trace element premix, vitamin premix, enzyme-bacterial compound premix, and mycotoxin control components are added to a small premixing device and mixed for 3-5 minutes to obtain the functional premix. This step avoids localized concentration of buffers, enzyme preparations, and mycotoxin control components in the TMR, improving the uniformity of feed mixing.

[0033] The fourth step is to feed the feed sequentially. First, add whole-plant corn silage, shredded alfalfa hay, and shredded oat hay to the total mixed ration (TMR) mixer. Start the mixer at low speed and mix for 1-2 minutes to initially disperse the roughage. Then add corn distillers grains, soybean hulls, flaked corn, remaining corn flour, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, whole cottonseed, and rumen-protected fat. Mix for another 2-3 minutes. Finally, add limestone powder, dicalcium phosphate, salt, and the above-mentioned functional premixes. Continue mixing for 4-5 minutes.

[0034] The fifth step is to adjust the moisture content and uniformity. After mixing, check the moisture content of the finished feed and control it to 45%–55%. If the moisture content is below 45%, add an appropriate amount of clean water and continue mixing for 1–2 minutes; if the moisture content is above 55%, appropriately extend the dry feed mixing time or adjust the amount of dry materials such as hay and bean hulls added in the next batch. The mixed finished feed should be able to be formed into a ball by hand, and then naturally disperse when released, without obvious layering, leakage, or large clumps of hay that are easy for dairy cows to pick out.

[0035] Step 6: Feeding. Use the prepared dairy cow feed on lactating Holstein cows, especially suitable for medium- to high-yielding cows with a daily milk production of 25-35 kg. Set a 7-10 day transition period when changing feed. For days 1-3, feed at a ratio of 75% of the original ration and 25% of the feed from this example; for days 4-6, feed at a ratio of 50% of the original ration and 50% of the feed from this example; for days 7-10, feed at a ratio of 25% of the original ration and 75% of the feed from this example; after the transition period, feed entirely with the feed from this example. Feed 2-3 times daily, promptly pushing the feed away, and controlling the uneaten feed rate to 3%-5%.

[0036] During feeding, focus on observing the dairy cows' dry matter intake, rumination status, fecal morphology, daily milk production, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, and somatic cell count. If there is a significant increase in long grass in the leftover feed, the length of the shredded roughage should be appropriately shortened or the mixing time extended. If the feces are too loose, the milk fat percentage decreases, or rumination decreases, check the silage starch level, feed particle size, and buffer addition amount. If feed intake decreases, first check for silage mold, TMR heating, and feed stratification.

[0037] The dairy cow feed prepared using the above embodiments replaces a portion of expensive roughage with a high proportion of whole-plant corn silage, maintains physically available fiber through shredding of roughage, stabilizes rumen fermentation through rumen buffer components, improves fiber and starch utilization through enzyme-bacterial compound premixes, and reduces the safety risks of silage and grain raw materials through mycotoxin control components. Therefore, this feed can reduce daily feed costs while maintaining stable feed intake, milk yield, and milk fat and protein percentages in dairy cows, thereby improving their overall production performance.

[0038] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dairy cow feed for improving dairy cow production performance, characterized in that, The dairy cow feed is a high-silage total mixed ration (TMR) feed for feeding lactating dairy cows, and by dry matter weight percentage, it includes the following components: The composition includes 48%–60% whole-plant corn silage, 5%–12% shredded roughage, 8%–16% energy feed, 10%–18% protein feed, 3%–8% by-product fiber feed, 1%–4% fat supplement, 2%–5% mineral supplement, 0.8%–2.0% rumen buffering components, 0.15%–0.60% enzyme-bacterial compound premix, and 0.05%–0.30% mycotoxin control components. The whole-plant corn silage is whole-plant corn silage fermented with lactic acid bacteria; the shredded roughage is one or more of alfalfa hay, oat hay, sheep grass, and ryegrass hay that has been shredded; the energy feed includes one or more of flaked corn, corn flour, and high-moisture corn; the protein feed includes one or more of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, and extruded soybeans; the by-product fiber feed includes one or more of soybean hulls, beet meal, corn distillers grains, and brewer's grains; the fat supplement includes one or two of whole cottonseed and rumen-protected fat; and the mineral supplement includes limestone powder, dicalcium phosphate, salt, trace element premix, and vitamin premix. The rumen buffer component includes sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide; the enzyme-bacterial compound premix includes a carrier, cellulase, xylanase, amylase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture and Bacillus subtilis preparation; the mycotoxin control component includes at least two of montmorillonite, yeast cell wall and hydrated aluminosilicate.

2. The dairy cow feed for improving dairy cow production performance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dry matter content of the whole-plant corn silage is 30% to 38%, the starch content is not less than 30% on a dry matter basis, the lactic acid content is not less than 6%, the pH value is 3.6 to 4.2, and the whole-plant corn silage is free from mold, rot and clumping, and has no obvious butyric acid odor.

3. The dairy cow feed for improving dairy cow production performance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the shredded roughage is 2-5 cm. The shredded roughage and the whole-plant corn silage together constitute the roughage structure components, which are used to increase the physical effective fiber content of the feed and reduce picky eating in dairy cows.

4. The dairy cow feed for improving dairy cow production performance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rumen buffer component is composed of sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide, and the weight ratio of sodium bicarbonate to magnesium oxide is 3 to 6:

1.

5. The dairy cow feed for improving dairy cow production performance according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the weight of the enzyme-bacterial compound premix, the cellulase is 3%–8%, the xylanase is 2%–6%, the amylase is 1%–5%, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture is 20%–45%, the Bacillus subtilis preparation is 5%–20%, and the remainder is the carrier.

6. The dairy cow feed for improving dairy cow production performance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mycotoxin control component consists of montmorillonite, yeast cell wall and hydrated aluminosilicate, and the weight ratio of montmorillonite, yeast cell wall and hydrated aluminosilicate is 5-7:1-3:1-3.

7. The dairy cow feed for improving dairy cow production performance according to claim 6, characterized in that, The dairy cow feed is prepared by the following method: First, the shredded roughage is shredded, and the whole-plant corn silage is broken up to remove moldy and clumped parts. Then, the rumen buffer component, the enzyme-bacterial compound premix, the mycotoxin control component, the trace element premix, and the vitamin premix are premixed with a portion of the energy feed or a portion of the protein feed to obtain a functional premix. Finally, the whole-plant corn silage, the shredded roughage, the energy feed, the protein feed, the by-product fiber feed, the fat supplement, the mineral supplement, and the functional premix are mixed to obtain the dairy cow feed.

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