Functional exercise device for distal radius fractures

Abstract

The application discloses a function exercise device for distal radius fracture and relates to the technical field of orthopedic rehabilitation medical instruments, which comprises arc-shaped symmetrical circular arc plates, two of which are rotationally connected through a hinge in the middle, a function exercise assembly fixedly installed at one end of the two circular arc plates away from the wrist, and two fixed boxes included in the function exercise assembly. The function exercise device for distal radius fracture can realize rehabilitation training through the meshing transmission structure of the worm gear and the helical gear, can drive the finger joints to make soft and uniform flexion and extension movement through the linkage of the bilateral air bags, can realize the synchronous and integrated exercise of the wrist joint and the finger joints, can effectively accelerate local blood circulation, can reduce soft tissue swelling, can prevent muscle atrophy and joint stiffness, can reduce the risk of osteoporosis, can significantly shorten the fracture healing period, and can efficiently promote the comprehensive recovery of the motion function of the affected limb.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of orthopedic rehabilitation medical device technology, specifically a functional exercise device for distal radius fractures. Background Technology

[0002] Orthopedic rehabilitation medical devices refer to medical devices and equipment that are directly used on the musculoskeletal system, such as bones, joints, muscles, and ligaments, to prevent functional impairment, promote functional recovery, relieve pain, and improve quality of life in cases of trauma, post-operative care, chronic diseases, and disability.

[0003] Distal radius fractures are a common type of fracture seen in orthopedic outpatient and emergency departments. The fracture site is usually within three centimeters of the distal radius joint surface. Currently, the mainstream treatment for this type of fracture is manual reduction combined with external fixation with a splint. However, conventional splint fixation has poor overall stability and cannot effectively support patients to carry out standardized and efficient rehabilitation training during conservative treatment. This can easily lead to complications such as secondary displacement of the fracture ends and limb shortening. It can also cause limited range of motion in various joints of the wrist, and in severe cases, it can lead to joint stiffness, thus significantly prolonging the recovery period.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a functional exercise device for distal radius fractures to address the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a functional exercise device for distal radius fractures, in order to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that the current mainstream clinical treatment method is manual reduction combined with external fixation with splints. However, conventional splint fixation has poor overall stability and cannot effectively support patients to carry out standardized and efficient rehabilitation training during conservative treatment, thus leading to a significant extension of the recovery period.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a functional exercise device for distal radius fractures, comprising:

[0007] The two arc plates are symmetrically arranged in an arc shape and are rotatably connected to each other on their outer surfaces.

[0008] A functional training component is fixedly installed at the end of two arc-shaped plates away from the wrist. The functional training component includes two fixed boxes with hollow box structures that are open on one side. Sliders are rotatably connected to the inner walls of the two fixed boxes. A helical toothed disc is fixedly connected to one side of the outer surface of the two sliders. A slide plate with a vortex-shaped curved plate is fixedly connected to the other side of the outer surface of the two sliders. Moving blocks are slidably connected to the inner walls of the two fixed boxes. Clamping plates are fixedly connected to one side of the outer surface of the two moving blocks. Airbags for flexibly clamping the palm are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the two clamping plates. A pipe for equalizing air pressure is fixedly connected between the inner walls of the two airbags.

[0009] The fixing component is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the two arc plates and is used to fix the two arc plates together.

[0010] Preferably, the outer surfaces of the two fixed boxes are respectively fixedly connected to one end of the two arc plates, and the inner walls of the two movable blocks are respectively slidably connected to the outer surfaces of the two sliding plates.

[0011] Preferably, a connecting box is fixedly connected to one side of the outer surface of one of the fixed boxes, and a worm gear is movably embedded between the opposite inner walls of the connecting box in the horizontal direction. One end of the worm gear movably passes through the inner wall of the connecting box and extends to the outside.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the worm gear is fixedly connected to a handle for manual drive, and a rotating shaft is movably embedded in the other side of the connecting box relative to the inner wall in the vertical direction. Silicone pads to improve wearing comfort are fixedly connected to one outer surface of each of the two clamping plates.

[0013] Preferably, a worm gear is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating shaft near the center, and the outer surface of the worm and the outer surface of the worm gear mesh perpendicularly with each other.

[0014] Preferably, a helical gear is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating shaft near one end, and the outer surface of the helical gear meshes with the outer surface of one of the helical gear discs to control the wrist rotation angle.

[0015] Preferably, one end of the rotating shaft extends through the inner wall of the connecting box and to the outside, and a pointer for indicating the exercise angle is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating shaft near the other end.

[0016] Preferably, a scale is fixedly connected to the outer surface of one side of the connecting box and the corresponding pointer position, and the center of the inner wall of the scale is rotatably engaged with the outer surface of the rotating shaft.

[0017] Preferably, the fixing component includes two soft pads that conform to the skin of the arm, the outer surfaces of the two soft pads are respectively fixedly connected to the outer surfaces of two arc plates, and a plurality of uniformly arranged first Velcro straps are fixedly connected to the outer surface of one of the arc plates.

[0018] Preferably, the outer surface of another arc plate is fixedly connected with a plurality of uniformly arranged second hook and loop fasteners, and the outer surfaces of the plurality of first hook and loop fasteners are respectively detachably attached to the outer surfaces of the plurality of second hook and loop fasteners.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. This device can achieve standardized, controllable, and stable rotational rehabilitation training of the wrist through the meshing transmission structure of worm gear and helical gear. It can also drive the finger joints to perform gentle and uniform flexion and extension movements through the air pressure linkage of the bilateral airbags, realizing synchronous integrated training of the wrist and finger joints. During the exercise, it can effectively accelerate local blood circulation, reduce soft tissue swelling, prevent muscle atrophy and joint stiffness, reduce the risk of osteoporosis, significantly shorten the fracture healing period, and efficiently promote the comprehensive recovery of motor function of the affected limb.

[0021] 2. This device is equipped with a worm gear transmission mechanism, and together with a dial and angle pointer, it forms a visual angle indication system. It can display, accurately monitor, and stably control the wrist rotation exercise angle in real time during rehabilitation exercises. The exercise angle can be gradually and precisely adjusted according to the patient's fracture healing and rehabilitation progress, effectively avoiding the risk of secondary injury such as fracture end displacement and soft tissue traction injury caused by excessive exercise angle and excessive range of motion, and significantly improving the safety of early rehabilitation training for distal radius fractures.

[0022] 3. This device uses a symmetrical arc plate as the main support structure, and with multiple sets of Velcro, it can closely fit the contour of the patient's forearm for stable wearing and fixation. At the same time, it is equipped with a worm gear self-locking mechanism, which can effectively maintain the stability of the fracture reduction during rehabilitation exercises, significantly reducing the incidence of complications such as secondary displacement of fracture ends, limb shortening, and unstable fixation, and providing a reliable structural guarantee for the early and safe implementation of functional exercises. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a frontal perspective view of the functional exercise device for distal radius fractures of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the fixation component of the functional exercise device for distal radius fractures of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional view of the air bladder portion of the functional exercise device for distal radius fractures of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the arc plate portion of the functional exercise device for distal radius fractures of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the oblique toothed disc portion of the functional exercise device for distal radius fractures of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the slide plate portion of the functional exercise device for distal radius fractures of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the dial portion of the functional exercise device for distal radius fractures of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the connecting box portion of the functional exercise device for distal radius fractures according to the present invention.

[0031] In the picture:

[0032] 1. Arc plate; 2. Functional exercise components; 201. Fixing box; 202. Slider; 203. Helical gear plate; 204. Slide plate; 205. Moving block; 206. Clamping plate; 207. Airbag; 208. Pipe; 209. Connecting box; 210. Worm gear; 211. Handle; 212. Rotating shaft; 213. Worm gear; 214. Helical gear; 215. Dial; 216. Pointer; 217. Silicone pad; 3. Fixing components; 301. First Velcro; 302. Second Velcro; 303. Soft pad. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Please see Figure 1-8This invention provides a technical solution: a functional exercise device for distal radius fractures, comprising: two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped plates 1, with their outer surfaces rotatably connected; and a functional exercise component 2, fixedly installed at the end of the two arc-shaped plates 1 away from the wrist. The functional exercise component 2 includes two single-sided open hollow box-shaped fixing boxes 201, with sliders 202 rotatably connected to the inner walls of both fixing boxes 201. A helical toothed disc 203 is fixedly connected to one outer surface of each slider 202, and a vortex-shaped curved plate slide 204 is fixedly connected to the other outer surface of each slider 202. Moving blocks 205 are slidably connected to the inner walls of both fixing boxes 201, and clamping plates 206 are fixedly connected to one outer surface of each moving block 205. Airbags 207 for flexibly clamping the palm are fixedly connected to the inner walls of both clamping plates 206, and a pressure equalization mechanism is fixedly connected between the inner walls of the two airbags 207. The pipe 208; the fixing component 3, which is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the two arc plates 1, is used to fix the two arc plates 1. The outer surface of the two fixing boxes 201 is fixedly connected to one end of the two arc plates 1 respectively. The inner wall of the two moving blocks 205 is slidably connected to the outer surface of the two sliding plates 204 respectively. A connecting box 209 is fixedly connected to one side of the outer surface of one of the fixing boxes 201. A worm gear 210 is movably embedded between the relative inner walls of the connecting box 209 in the horizontal direction. One end of the worm gear 210 movably passes through the inner wall of the connecting box 209 and extends to the outside. A worm wheel 213 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating shaft 212 near the center. The outer surface of the worm gear 210 and the outer surface of the worm wheel 213 mesh perpendicularly with each other. A helical gear 214 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating shaft 212 near one end. The outer surface of the helical gear 214 meshes with the outer surface of one of the helical gear discs 203 to control the wrist rotation angle.

[0035] In this embodiment, when wearing the functional exercise device for distal radius fracture, the two symmetrical arc-shaped plates 1 are unfolded outward around the central hinge, and the device is slipped onto the forearm on the side of the distal radius fracture, ensuring that the soft pad 303 completely conforms to the forearm skin. Then, the first Velcro 301 on one side is attached to the corresponding second Velcro 302 on the other side. After fixing, the handle 211 is rotated, causing the worm gear 210 to rotate synchronously. The worm gear 210 and the worm wheel 213 mesh vertically, driving the rotating shaft 212 to rotate smoothly. The helical gear 214 on the rotating shaft 212 rotates accordingly and meshes with the helical gear disk 203, causing the helical gear disk 203 to rotate. The slider 202 rotates on the inner wall of the fixed box 201. The rotation of the slide plate 204 in the fixed box 201 pushes the moving block 205 to move the clamping plate 206 synchronously, thus fixing and clamping both hands. After clamping for a period of time, the range of motion of the wrist joints will decrease significantly, and even become stiff. In order to promote blood circulation, reduce muscle atrophy, eliminate soft tissue swelling, prevent osteoporosis, accelerate fracture healing, and restore the function of the affected limb, rehabilitation exercises need to be started at this time. The user uses the unaffected hand to assist and slowly rotates the handle 211 in the opposite direction. The handle 211 drives the worm gear 210 to rotate synchronously. The worm gear 210 meshes perpendicularly with the worm wheel 213. The transmission drives the rotating shaft 212 to rotate smoothly. The helical gear 214 on the rotating shaft 212 rotates accordingly and meshes with the helical gear plate 203, driving the slider 202 and the sliding plate 204 to move in conjunction within the fixed box 201. This, in turn, pushes the moving block 205 and the clamping plate 206 to perform synchronous movements in opposite directions. At this time, the patient's wrist can perform these standard rehabilitation movements with a certain angle of free rotation. At this time, by pressing one of the air bladders 207 located on the outer side of the palm, the gas inside the air bladder 207 flows quickly through the pipe 208 to the other air bladder 207 located on the inner side of the palm, and the other air bladder 207 inflates, thereby allowing the patient to... This device allows for smooth and gentle finger joint movements. During exercise, the range of motion can be gradually increased according to the progress of rehabilitation. It enables standardized, controllable, and smooth wrist rotation rehabilitation training through the meshing transmission structure of worm gear 213, worm 210, and helical gear 214. It also enables gentle and uniform flexion and extension movements of the finger joints through the air pressure linkage of bilateral airbags 207, achieving synchronous and integrated training of the wrist and finger joints. During exercise, it can effectively accelerate local blood circulation, reduce soft tissue swelling, prevent muscle atrophy and joint stiffness, reduce the risk of osteoporosis, significantly shorten the fracture healing period, and efficiently promote the comprehensive recovery of motor function of the affected limb.

[0036] like Figure 1-8As shown, one end of the rotating shaft 212 movably passes through the inner wall of the connecting box 209 and extends to the outside. The outer surface of the rotating shaft 212 is fixedly fitted with a pointer 216 for indicating the exercise angle near the other end. A scale 215 is fixedly connected to one side of the outer surface of the connecting box 209 at the position corresponding to the pointer 216. The center of the inner wall of the scale 215 rotates and engages with the outer surface of the rotating shaft 212.

[0037] In this embodiment, the functional exercise device for distal radius fractures allows the user to assist in rehabilitation exercises by slowly rotating the handle 211 in the opposite direction with the unaffected hand. The handle 211 drives the worm gear 210 to rotate synchronously. The worm gear 210 and the worm wheel 213 engage perpendicularly, driving the rotating shaft 212 to rotate smoothly. The exercise angle can be observed and precisely controlled in real time through the pointer 216 at the end of the rotating shaft 212 and the scale 215 on the outside of the connecting box 209, avoiding secondary damage caused by excessive angle. The range of motion can be gradually increased according to the rehabilitation progress. This device, combined with the worm wheel 213 and worm gear 210 transmission mechanism, and the scale 215 and angle pointer 216, forms a visual angle indication system. It can display, accurately monitor, and stably control the wrist rotation exercise angle in real time during rehabilitation exercises. The exercise angle can be gradually and precisely adjusted according to the patient's fracture healing and rehabilitation progress, effectively avoiding the risk of secondary injury such as fracture end displacement and soft tissue traction damage caused by excessive exercise angle and excessive range of motion, significantly improving the safety of early rehabilitation training for distal radius fractures.

[0038] like Figure 1-8 As shown, one end of the worm gear 210 is fixedly connected to a handle 211 for manual drive. The other side of the connecting box 209 is vertically embedded with a rotating shaft 212 between the inner walls. The outer surfaces of one side of the two clamping plates 206 are fixedly connected to silicone pads 217 to improve wearing comfort. The fixing component 3 includes two soft pads 303 that conform to the skin of the arm. The outer surfaces of the two soft pads 303 are fixedly connected to the outer surfaces of the two arc plates 1 respectively. The outer surface of one arc plate 1 is fixedly connected to a plurality of evenly arranged first hook and loop fasteners 301, and the outer surface of the other arc plate 1 is fixedly connected to a plurality of evenly arranged second hook and loop fasteners 302. The outer surfaces of the plurality of first hook and loop fasteners 301 are detachably attached to the outer surfaces of the plurality of second hook and loop fasteners 302 respectively.

[0039] In this embodiment, when wearing the functional exercise device for distal radius fractures, the two symmetrical arc-shaped plates 1 are unfolded outward around the central hinge, and the device is slipped onto the forearm on the side of the distal radius fracture, ensuring that the soft pad 303 completely conforms to the forearm skin to prevent pressure sores. Then, the first Velcro 301 on one side is attached to the corresponding second Velcro 302 on the other side. After fixation, the patient's palm is naturally placed between the two clamping plates 206, with the center of the palm aligned with the silicone pad 217. At this time, the handle 211 is rotated, and the handle 211 drives the worm gear 210 to rotate synchronously. The worm gear 210 and the worm wheel 213 engage perpendicularly for transmission, and the range of motion can be gradually increased according to the rehabilitation progress. After full recovery, first rotate handle 211 in the opposite direction to return the wrist to a neutral position. Finally, peel off the first Velcro 301 and the second Velcro 302, unfold the two arc plates 1 around the hinge, and the device can be removed from the patient's forearm. This device uses symmetrical arc plates 1 as the main support structure. With multiple sets of Velcro, it can fit tightly to the contour of the patient's forearm for stable wearing and fixation. At the same time, it is equipped with worm gear 213 and worm 210 self-locking mechanism, which can effectively maintain the stability of the fracture reduction during rehabilitation exercise, significantly reduce the incidence of complications such as secondary displacement of fracture ends, limb shortening, and unstable fixation, and provide a reliable structural guarantee for the early and safe implementation of functional exercises.

[0040] The device's usage and working principle: When wearing this functional exercise device for distal radius fractures, unfold the two symmetrical arc-shaped plates 1 outwards around the central hinge, and slip the device onto the patient's forearm on the side of the distal radius fracture, ensuring the soft pad 303 completely conforms to the forearm skin to prevent pressure sores. Then, attach the first Velcro 301 on one side to the second Velcro 302 on the other side accordingly. After fixation, the two single-sided open hollow box-shaped fixing boxes 201 combine to form a circular box. Place the patient's palm naturally between the two clamping plates 206, aligning the center of the palm with the silicone pad 217. Then, rotate the handle 211, which drives the worm gear 210 to rotate synchronously. The rod 210 meshes perpendicularly with the worm gear 213, driving the rotating shaft 212 to rotate smoothly. The helical gear 214 on the rotating shaft 212 rotates accordingly and meshes with the helical gear disk 203. When the helical gear disk 203 rotates, it drives the slider 202 to rotate on the inner wall of the fixed box 201. The inner wall of the fixed box 201 has a slot. The sliding plate 204, when rotating in the fixed box 201, pushes the outer surface of the moving block 205 to slide on the inner wall of the slot, thereby driving the clamping plate 206 to move synchronously, fixing and clamping both hands. After clamping for a period of time, the range of motion of the wrist joints decreases significantly, even becoming stiff. In order to promote blood circulation, reduce muscle atrophy, eliminate soft tissue swelling, prevent osteoporosis, and accelerate bone regeneration, For fracture healing and limb function recovery, rehabilitation exercises need to begin. The user uses their unaffected hand for assistance, slowly rotating handle 211 in the opposite direction. Handle 211 drives worm gear 210 to rotate synchronously. Worm gear 210 meshes perpendicularly with worm wheel 213, driving shaft 212 to rotate smoothly. Helical gear 214 on shaft 212 rotates accordingly and meshes with helical gear disc 203, causing slider 202 and slide plate 204 to move in tandem within fixed box 201. This, in turn, pushes moving block 205 and clamping plate 206 to perform synchronous, opposite-direction movements. At this point, the patient's wrist can freely rotate at a certain angle – these are standard rehabilitation movements. At this time, pressing one of the air bladders 207 located on the outer side of the palm can activate the air bladder. The gas inside 207 flows rapidly through pipe 208 to the other airbag 207, which is located on the inside of the palm. The other airbag 207 inflates, which can drive the finger joints to move smoothly and gently. During the exercise, the exercise angle can be observed and precisely controlled in real time through the pointer 216 at the end of the rotating shaft 212 and the scale 215 on the outside of the connecting box 209 to avoid secondary damage caused by excessive angle. The range of motion can be gradually increased according to the progress of rehabilitation. After complete recovery, first turn the handle 211 in the opposite direction to return the wrist to the neutral position. Finally, peel off the first Velcro 301 and the second Velcro 302, unfold the two arc plates 1 around the hinge, and the device can be removed from the patient's forearm.

[0041] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A functional exercise device for distal radius fractures, characterized in that, include: The two arc plates (1) are symmetrically arranged in an arc shape and are rotatably connected to each other on their outer surfaces. A functional exercise component (2) is fixedly installed on the end of two arc plates (1) away from the wrist. The functional exercise component (2) includes two fixed boxes (201) with hollow box structures with one side opening. The inner walls of the two fixed boxes (201) are rotatably connected to sliders (202). The outer surfaces of one side of the two sliders (202) are fixedly connected to a helical toothed disc (203). The outer surfaces of the other side of the two sliders (202) are fixedly connected to a slide plate (204) of a vortex-shaped curved plate. The inner walls of the two fixed boxes (201) are slidably connected to moving blocks (205). The outer surfaces of one side of the two moving blocks (205) are fixedly connected to clamping plates (206). The inner walls of the two clamping plates (206) are fixedly connected to airbags (207) for flexibly clamping the palm. The inner walls of the two airbags (207) are fixedly connected to a pipe (208) for balancing air pressure. The fixing component (3) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the two arc plates (1) for wearing and fixing the two arc plates (1).

2. The functional exercise device for distal radius fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surfaces of the two fixed boxes (201) are respectively fixedly connected to one end of the two arc plates (1), and the inner walls of the two movable blocks (205) are respectively slidably connected to the outer surfaces of the two sliding plates (204).

3. The functional exercise device for distal radius fractures according to claim 2, characterized in that: One of the fixed boxes (201) has a connecting box (209) fixedly connected to one side of its outer surface. A worm gear (210) is movably embedded between the opposite inner walls of the connecting box (209) in the horizontal direction. One end of the worm gear (210) movably passes through the inner wall of the connecting box (209) and extends to the outside.

4. The functional exercise device for distal radius fractures according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the worm gear (210) is fixedly connected to a handle (211) for manual drive, and a rotating shaft (212) is movably embedded between the inner walls of the other side of the connecting box (209) in the vertical direction. Silicone pads (217) to improve wearing comfort are fixedly connected to the outer surface of one side of the two clamping plates (206).

5. The functional exercise device for distal radius fractures according to claim 4, characterized in that: A worm gear (213) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating shaft (212) near the center, and the outer surface of the worm (210) and the outer surface of the worm gear (213) mesh perpendicularly with each other.

6. The functional exercise device for distal radius fractures according to claim 5, characterized in that: A helical gear (214) is fixedly fitted on the outer surface of the rotating shaft (212) near one end. The outer surface of the helical gear (214) meshes with the outer surface of one of the helical gear discs (203) to control the wrist rotation angle.

7. The functional exercise device for distal radius fractures according to claim 6, characterized in that: One end of the rotating shaft (212) extends through the inner wall of the connecting box (209) and outwards, and a pointer (216) for indicating the exercise angle is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating shaft (212) near the other end.

8. The functional exercise device for distal radius fractures according to claim 7, characterized in that: A dial (215) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of one side of the connecting box (209) and the corresponding pointer (216) position. The center of the inner wall of the dial (215) is rotatably engaged with the outer surface of the rotating shaft (212).

9. The functional exercise device for distal radius fractures according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fixing component (3) includes two soft pads (303) that conform to the skin of the arm. The outer surfaces of the two soft pads (303) are respectively fixedly connected to the outer surfaces of two arc plates (1). A plurality of uniformly arranged first Velcro straps (301) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of one of the arc plates (1).

10. The functional exercise device for distal radius fractures according to claim 9, characterized in that: Another arc plate (1) has a plurality of uniformly arranged second hook and loop fasteners (302) fixedly connected to its outer surface, and the outer surfaces of the plurality of first hook and loop fasteners (301) are respectively detachably attached to the outer surfaces of the plurality of second hook and loop fasteners (302).

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