Mine blasting operation scheduling communication method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of mine blasting operation scheduling communication method and system, it is related to mine blasting safety communication and intelligent scheduling field, the specific steps of this method are as follows: relying on mine wireless network real-time monitoring, collect global communication environment data and locate blind area and supplement point node;Iterate and extract parameters of the working channel that meet the conditions;Build global communication link through beamforming;Generate dynamic key encryption instruction and transmission;Receive terminal back data, update monitoring set and adjust parameters, form link closed loop operation mechanism.The application collects global communication data through cooperative operation, builds complete communication link, solves the problem of signal coverage loss, realizes operation area communication dead angle, improves anti-interference and transmission stability;Implement dynamic encryption and closed loop adjustment, ensure the safety of instruction transmission, form adaptive closed loop mechanism, avoid operation risk, optimize operation mode, improve scheduling efficiency and safety control ability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine blasting safety communication and intelligent scheduling, specifically to a mine blasting operation scheduling communication method and system. Background Technology

[0002] Mining blasting is a core process in mineral resource extraction, and the real-time performance, reliability, and safety of operational scheduling communication directly affect blasting efficiency and the safety of on-site personnel and equipment. Mining blasting sites are harsh environments, characterized by high dust concentrations, mountain obstructions, and recessed stope benches, easily creating communication blind spots. Simultaneously, complex wireless noise, strong channel interference, and significant signal attenuation make it difficult for conventional wireless communication networks to achieve stable coverage across the entire blasting area. If critical commands such as detonation, warning, and personnel dispatch are interrupted, experience excessive latency, or have been tampered with, safety accidents can easily occur. Therefore, the industry urgently needs highly reliable and safe scheduling communication technologies adapted to the complex environment of mines.

[0003] Existing communication technologies for mine blasting operations generally employ traditional wireless communication solutions, which suffer from numerous insurmountable problems: Current technologies lack real-time sensing capabilities for the entire blasting environment, cannot continuously collect data on wireless noise, dust interference, signal attenuation, and channel packet loss rates, and cannot accurately locate communication blind spots and replacement nodes; channel selection lacks quantified anti-interference and latency thresholds, making it impossible to select optimal working channels suitable for the blasting environment; blind spot coverage relies on ordinary wireless replacement equipment, lacking directional millimeter-wave beamforming technology, resulting in low coverage accuracy and significant signal loss; command encryption often uses fixed keys, not bound to channel characteristics, making it easily cracked and intercepted, thus lacking security; and there is no closed-loop optimization mechanism for terminal data feedback, making it impossible to adjust beam, power, and channel parameters in real time, resulting in unstable and unreliable communication link performance.

[0004] In summary, existing mine blasting dispatch communication technologies have significant shortcomings in environmental awareness, channel optimization, blind zone coverage, command security, and link optimization. They are unable to adapt to the complex and harsh blasting operation scenarios in mines, and struggle to guarantee the real-time performance, reliability, and security of dispatch command transmission. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a communication method and system with full-domain environmental awareness, precise channel selection, directional beamforming for blind zone coverage, dynamic encrypted transmission, and closed-loop adaptive optimization to overcome existing technical challenges and comprehensively improve the communication support capabilities and construction safety level of mine blasting operations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a communication method and system for scheduling blasting operations in mines. This method involves real-time sensing of the communication environment, collecting data across the entire domain and locating blind spots and replacement nodes; traversing and filtering working channels that meet the conditions and extracting parameters; establishing a global communication link through beamforming; generating dynamic key encryption transmission instructions; receiving data returned from the terminal, updating the monitoring set, and adjusting parameters to form a closed loop.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In one aspect, a communication method for scheduling blasting operations in mines, the method comprising: S100, Communication Environment Awareness: Collects data on wireless noise intensity, dust interference level, signal attenuation coefficient, and channel packet loss rate across the entire blasting area, and locates the spatial coordinates of communication blind spots and the positions of preset supplementary nodes; S200, Working Channel Traversal and Screening: Based on the data collected by S100, the available wireless channels are traversed and evaluated, and working channels that meet the anti-interference and transmission delay thresholds are screened. The channel center frequency, transmission bandwidth, and modulation mode characteristic parameters are extracted. S300, Directional Beam Blind Zone Coverage: Combining blind zone coordinates, replacement point locations and channel parameters, a directional millimeter-wave beam is generated by beamforming and projected onto the replacement node, triggering node signal forwarding and power compensation, and establishing an end-to-end wireless communication link for the entire blasting domain. S400, encrypted transmission of instructions: Based on channel parameters, a dynamic exclusive encryption key is generated for channel binding. After encrypting the detonation, warning, and personnel dispatch instructions, the instructions are transmitted to the operation wireless terminal via the S300 communication link. S500, Closed-loop optimization: Receives location, signal quality, and command verification data returned by the terminal, updates the communication monitoring dataset, and adjusts beam angle, node power, and channel parameters.

[0007] Furthermore, in the communication environment perception, a fixed sampling period of 100ms is used to perform grid-based monitoring of the entire blasting operation area. The blasting operation area is divided into a 10m×10m equal-area monitoring grid, and each grid corresponds to an independent monitoring sampling point. The wireless noise intensity, dust interference level, signal attenuation coefficient, and real-time packet loss rate data of each sampling point are collected synchronously. Communication blind spots are identified by comparing signal strength differences, and the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the blind spots are located. All collected data are synchronously cached.

[0008] Furthermore, the working channel traversal and screening process involves: firstly, based on the communication requirements for mine blasting operations, a preset anti-interference performance threshold of signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 25dB and a transmission delay threshold of end-to-end transmission delay ≤ 8ms are established; then, a full traversal of all available wireless communication channels within the coverage area of ​​the mine wireless communication network is performed, sequentially detecting the anti-interference performance and transmission delay values ​​of each available channel under the blasting operation environment, and selecting working channels whose values ​​meet the preset anti-interference performance and transmission delay thresholds; after extracting the center frequency, transmission bandwidth, and modulation mode characteristic parameters of the working channel, the parameters are synchronously sent to the beam control of S300 and the encryption processing of S400 to complete the matching of channel parameters with subsequent steps.

[0009] Furthermore, when generating a directional and controllable millimeter-wave beam in the directional beam blind zone coverage, a beam pointing angle calculation algorithm is used to determine the horizontal and vertical pointing angles of the beam, with the following formulas: ; ; in, The horizontal pointing angle of the beam; The vertical pointing angle of the beam; , , The three-dimensional installation coordinates for the millimeter-wave wireless beam controller; , , The three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the supplementary node corresponding to the nth communication blind zone identified by S100; Beamforming is performed based on the calculated pointing angle to obtain accurate projection of the beam signal onto the supplementary nodes.

[0010] Furthermore, the blind spot coverage nodes in the directional beam blind zone are pre-deployed at fixed locations within the blasting operation area, such as mountain depressions, the bottom of mining steps, and the rear side of the blasting area's free face, where communication blind spots are easily formed. There are no physical obstructions between the deployment points and the millimeter-wave wireless beam controller, and the distance between adjacent deployment points does not exceed 50m. Each deployment point corresponds to a blind zone area with a coverage radius of not less than 30m. After receiving the beam signal projected by the millimeter-wave wireless beam controller, the node first verifies the consistency between the working channel characteristic parameters carried by the beam signal and the pre-stored parameters. After the verification is successful, the signal forwarding and power compensation functions are activated. The received signal is converted according to the working channel parameters extracted by S200 and then forwarded omnidirectionally to the corresponding blind zone area to complete the signal coverage of the blind zone area.

[0011] Furthermore, when generating the dynamic dedicated encryption key bound to the working channel during the encrypted transmission of the instruction, a channel feature mapping algorithm is used to generate the key sequence, as shown in the formula: ; in, For the generated dynamic proprietary encryption key; It is an irreversible hash operation function; The center frequency of the working channel extracted by S200; The working channel transmission bandwidth extracted for S200; The mapping code value corresponding to the modulation scheme of the working channel extracted by S200; The timestamp for instruction transmission; For string concatenation; The brute-force scheduling command is symmetrically encrypted based on the generated key, and the encrypted command can only be decrypted and verified within the corresponding working channel.

[0012] Furthermore, in the encrypted transmission of the command, the blasting scheduling command after encryption is encapsulated in a frame format according to the working channel feature parameters extracted in S200. The encapsulated command data packet is transmitted to the corresponding supplementary node through the directional beam of the millimeter-wave wireless beam controller. After the supplementary node verifies and forwards the data packet, it is transmitted to the wireless terminal at the blasting operation site. After receiving the data packet, the wireless terminal generates a decryption key based on the feature parameters of the corresponding working channel, completes the decryption of the data packet and command verification, and ensures the consistency and security of command transmission.

[0013] Furthermore, in the closed-loop optimization, after the blasting operation wireless terminal completes command decryption and verification, it transmits the terminal's real-time three-dimensional position, the signal-to-noise ratio of the access signal, the command reception verification status, and the terminal equipment operating status data back through the communication link established by S300, according to a fixed transmission cycle of 500ms. After receiving the transmitted data, the full-domain communication environment monitoring dataset collected by S100 is updated synchronously, and the updated dataset is synchronously pushed to the channel configuration of S200 and the beam control of S300, providing real-time data support for link parameter adjustment.

[0014] Furthermore, in the closed-loop optimization, based on the updated global communication environment monitoring dataset, it is determined whether the performance values ​​of the working channel and the signal quality of the beam coverage meet preset thresholds. The preset thresholds are: working channel signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 25dB, transmission delay ≤ 8ms, packet loss rate ≤ 0.2%, and received signal strength of beam coverage ≥ -75dBm. When the values ​​do not meet the preset thresholds, the horizontal and vertical pointing angles of the millimeter-wave beam and the transmission power of the supplementary nodes are adjusted accordingly, while the configuration parameters of the working channel are fine-tuned. After the adjustment is completed, the adjustment effect is verified by data transmission from the wireless terminal, and the performance of the communication link is continuously iterated to maintain stability, thus completing the closed-loop linkage of the entire process.

[0015] On the other hand, a mine blasting operation scheduling and communication system includes: Communication Environment Sensing Module: Used to continuously monitor the entire blasting operation area in real time by relying on the mine's wireless communication network, collect data on wireless noise intensity, dust interference level, signal attenuation coefficient, and real-time packet loss rate of the channel within the coverage area, and identify the spatial coordinates of communication blind spots and the location of pre-placed supplementary nodes in the blind spots to complete the collection of communication environment data for the entire area. Working Channel Traversal and Filtering Module: Based on the global communication environment data collected by the communication environment sensing module, it traverses and evaluates all available wireless communication channels, filters out working channels that meet the preset anti-interference performance threshold and transmission delay threshold, and simultaneously extracts the center frequency, transmission bandwidth, and modulation mode characteristic parameters of the working channels. Directional beam blind zone coverage module: Based on the communication environment perception module's identification of the communication blind zone spatial coordinates and the location of the supplementary node, and the working channel feature parameters extracted by the working channel traversal and screening module, a directional and controllable millimeter-wave beam is generated through beamforming, and the beam signal is projected to the corresponding blind zone supplementary node, triggering the supplementary node to start signal forwarding and power compensation functions, and establishing an end-to-end wireless communication link for the entire blasting domain; Command encryption transmission module: Based on the working channel feature parameters extracted by the working channel traversal and filtering module, it generates a dynamic exclusive encryption key bound to the working channel. The key is used to encrypt the detonation command, warning command, and personnel dispatch command for blasting operations. The encrypted command is transmitted to the blasting operation wireless terminal through the communication link built by the directional beam blind zone coverage module. Closed-loop optimization module: Used to receive real-time terminal location, signal access quality, and command reception verification status data transmitted back from the blasting operation wireless terminal, update the global communication environment monitoring dataset based on the transmitted data, and synchronously adjust the pointing angle of the millimeter wave beam, the transmission power of the supplementary nodes, and the configuration parameters of the working channel to form a closed-loop operation mechanism for the link.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, this mine blasting operation scheduling communication method and system has the following advantages: I. This invention, through the coordinated operation of real-time perception of the entire communication environment, traversal and screening of available channels, and coverage of blind spots by directional beamforming, continuously collects communication data across the entire mining blasting site, including wireless interference, signal loss, and channel transmission status, accurately identifying communication blind spots and the locations of pre-set supplementary nodes. Based on the on-site communication conditions, it optimizes the selection of suitable channels, uses beamforming to achieve directional signal projection, triggers supplementary nodes to complete signal forwarding and power compensation, and establishes a complete end-to-end communication link across the entire blasting area. It effectively solves problems such as signal coverage loss and transmission fluctuations caused by terrain obstruction and environmental interference at mining blasting sites; achieves seamless communication coverage in the work area, significantly improves the anti-interference capability and transmission stability of the communication link, ensures continuous and smooth communication for blasting dispatch throughout the entire process, and provides reliable support for the stable transmission of on-site operation commands.

[0017] Second, this invention integrates dynamic encryption based on channel characteristics, terminal data backhaul, and closed-loop adjustment of link parameters. It generates a dedicated encryption key based on the inherent characteristics of the working channel to encrypt various scheduling instructions for blasting operations, ensuring that the instructions are not intercepted or modified during transmission, thus guaranteeing the consistency and security of instruction transmission. Relying on communication status and operational data backhauled from wireless terminals, it updates communication environment monitoring information in real time, synchronously adjusting beam pointing, node power, and channel configuration to form a continuously adaptive closed-loop operation mechanism, ensuring the communication link always maintains a stable operating state. This comprehensively improves the transmission security level of blasting scheduling instructions, avoids operational risks caused by abnormal instruction transmission, optimizes the communication link operation and maintenance mode, and enhances the overall efficiency of mine blasting operation scheduling and on-site safety management capabilities.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A step-by-step framework diagram of a communication method for scheduling mine blasting operations; Figure 2 A flowchart of a directional beam blind zone coverage sub-process of a communication method for scheduling mine blasting operations; Figure 3This is an overall flowchart of a mine blasting operation scheduling and communication system. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0022] Example 1: S100, Communication Environment Awareness: Utilizing the mine's wireless communication network, continuous real-time monitoring is conducted across the entire area of ​​deep-hole bench blasting operations in open-pit mines. A fixed sampling period of 100ms is used for full-area grid-based monitoring. The entire blasting operation area is evenly divided into 10m × 10m monitoring grids, with independent monitoring sampling points configured for each grid. This achieves comprehensive, blind-spot-free, and full-coverage acquisition of the communication environment in the blasting operation area. Simultaneously, data on wireless noise intensity, dust interference levels, signal attenuation coefficients, and real-time packet loss rate are collected from each sampling point. This comprehensively captures the dynamic changes in the open-pit mine's on-site communication environment and clearly understands the basic signal transmission conditions in different areas. By comparing signal strength differences, communication blind spots in the work area are accurately identified, and the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the blind spots are precisely located. The location information of the supplementary nodes pre-placed in the communication blind spots is collected simultaneously. All collected communication environment data is synchronously cached and uniformly organized to form a complete global communication environment monitoring dataset. This provides real, real-time, and comprehensive basic data for subsequent channel selection, beam projection, command encryption, and closed-loop adjustment, ensuring that every subsequent operation is consistent with the actual communication conditions in the open-pit mine. This avoids problems such as communication link failure and signal transmission interruption caused by data loss and data lag from the source, giving the entire communication scheduling process a reliable data foundation.

[0023] S200, Working Channel Traversal and Screening: Based on the full-domain communication environment monitoring dataset collected in the S100 stage, a full traversal and comprehensive evaluation of all available wireless communication channels within the coverage area of ​​the mine's wireless communication network is conducted. According to the high reliability and low latency communication requirements of open-pit mine blasting operations, the preset anti-interference performance thresholds are: signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 25dB and transmission latency thresholds are: end-to-end transmission latency ≤ 8ms. The actual anti-interference performance and transmission latency values ​​of each available channel are sequentially tested under open-pit mine dust interference, mountain obstruction, and equipment electromagnetic interference. Channels that simultaneously meet both preset thresholds are rigorously screened. The system selects a high-quality working channel, simultaneously extracts its center frequency, transmission bandwidth, and modulation mode characteristic parameters, and then sends these core parameters to the directional beam control and command encryption processing stages. This ensures precise matching between channel parameters and subsequent operational stages, guaranteeing that the selected working channel is adaptable to the complex communication environment of open-pit mines. It possesses strong anti-interference capabilities and extremely fast transmission response speed, eliminating issues such as signal lag, transmission delay, and data packet loss at the channel level. This provides a stable and efficient basic transmission channel for blasting scheduling commands, ensuring the smoothness and stability of subsequent command transmissions.

[0024] S300, Directional Beam Blind Zone Coverage: Based on the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the communication blind zone identified in the S100 stage, the location of the supplementary node, and the working channel characteristic parameters extracted in the S200 stage, a directional and controllable millimeter-wave beam is generated using beamforming technology. A beam pointing angle calculation algorithm is used to accurately determine the horizontal and vertical pointing angles of the beam. The formulas are as follows: , ,in, The horizontal pointing angle of the beam; The vertical pointing angle of the beam; , , The three-dimensional installation coordinates for the millimeter-wave wireless beam controller; , , The three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the supplementary node corresponding to the nth communication blind zone identified by S100 are given. The beam signal is projected onto the supplementary node in the corresponding communication blind zone without deviation or loss. In this embodiment, the supplementary nodes are pre-deployed in fixed locations that are prone to forming communication blind zones, such as the depressions in the open-pit mine, the bottom of the mining platform, and the back of the blasting area. There are no physical obstructions between all deployment points and the millimeter-wave wireless beam controller. The distance between adjacent deployment points is strictly controlled to not exceed 50m. Each deployment point can stably cover a blind zone area with a radius of not less than 30m. After receiving the beam signal, the supplementary node immediately verifies the working channel characteristics carried by the beam signal. Once the consistency between the received signal parameters and the pre-stored parameters is verified, the signal forwarding and power compensation functions are immediately activated. The received signal is converted into a format according to the working channel parameters extracted by S200, and then forwarded omnidirectionally to the corresponding blind zone area. This completely eliminates all communication blind zones at the deep-hole bench blasting site in open-pit mines, establishing an end-to-end wireless communication link covering the entire blasting area. This ensures that every wireless terminal and every work point at the blasting site can receive a stable and clear communication signal, ensuring that dispatch instructions can reach all work terminals without dead zones or delays. This guarantees that on-site personnel and equipment can obtain dispatch information in a timely manner and maintain the coordination of blasting operations.

[0025] S400, Encrypted Command Transmission: Based on the working channel feature parameters extracted in the S200 stage, a dynamic, dedicated encryption key deeply bound to the working channel is generated using a channel feature mapping algorithm. The formula is as follows: ,in, For the generated dynamic proprietary encryption key; It is an irreversible hash operation function; The center frequency of the working channel extracted by S200; The working channel transmission bandwidth extracted for S200; The mapping code value corresponding to the modulation scheme of the working channel extracted by S200; The timestamp for instruction transmission; This key serves as a string concatenation operator. It is used to perform symmetric encryption on blasting operation commands, warning commands, and personnel dispatch commands, building a dedicated security protection system for core dispatch commands to resist signal interference and data theft risks at the open-pit mine site. The encrypted commands are encapsulated in a standard frame format according to the working channel characteristic parameters extracted by S200. The encapsulated command data packets are stably transmitted to the blasting operation wireless terminal through the full-domain communication link built by S300. After receiving the command data packets, the wireless terminal generates a matching decryption key based on the characteristic parameters of the corresponding working channel, quickly completing the decryption of the data packets and verifying the integrity of the commands. This ensures that there is no modification, loss, or deviation during command transmission, guaranteeing the accurate transmission and safe execution of blasting operation dispatch commands. It completely eliminates operational safety risks caused by command errors and interference at the transmission level, giving the core command transmission for open-pit mine blasting extremely high security and reliability.

[0026] S500, Closed-Loop Optimization: After the blasting operation wireless terminal completes command decryption and verification, it transmits real-time 3D position, signal-to-noise ratio of the access signal, command reception verification status, and terminal equipment operating status data back via the communication link established by S300 at a fixed 500ms cycle. Upon receiving the transmitted data, the system immediately updates the full-domain communication environment monitoring dataset collected by the S100 stage and synchronously pushes the updated real-time dataset to the channel configuration stage of S200 and the beam control stage of S300, providing accurate data support for real-time adjustment of communication link parameters. Simultaneously, a comprehensive status check is conducted based on preset link performance judgment standards. The preset thresholds are: working channel signal-to-noise ratio ≥25dB, transmission delay ≤8ms, packet loss rate ≤0.2%, and beam coverage receiving signal... The signal strength is ≥-75dBm. Real-time assessments are made to determine if the working channel performance and beam coverage signal quality meet preset standards. If the values ​​do not meet the standards, the horizontal and vertical pointing angles of the millimeter-wave beam and the transmission power of the supplementary nodes are immediately adjusted. Simultaneously, the configuration parameters of the working channel are fine-tuned. After adjustment, data is transmitted back via a wireless terminal to verify the adjustment effect in real time. This continuous iteration optimizes various parameters of the communication link, forming a self-regulating and continuously stable closed-loop operation mechanism. This ensures that the communication link performance is always at its optimal state, guaranteeing stable and uninterrupted communication, clear and attenuated signals, and error-free command transmission throughout the deep-hole bench blasting operation in open-pit mines. This provides uninterrupted communication support for the safe, efficient, and standardized conduct of blasting operations, ensuring that the entire blasting scheduling process remains in a controllable, stable, and safe communication environment.

[0027] The communication method for scheduling deep-hole bench blasting operations in open-pit mines adopted in this embodiment establishes a closed-loop blasting communication scheduling and operation system. This system uses standardized processes to connect all stages, including communication environment awareness, working channel selection, directional beam blind zone coverage, encrypted command transmission, and link closed-loop optimization. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this method relies on a dedicated algorithm to achieve accurate identification of the communication environment and directional beam control. It constructs a security protection system for blasting dispatch commands through dynamic encryption technology, and continuously adapts to the dynamic changes in the on-site communication environment through a closed-loop iterative mechanism, fully meeting the operational characteristics of open-pit mines, such as numerous mountain obstructions, strong dust interference, and complex communication environments. This method effectively solves core problems in open-pit mine blasting operations, such as incomplete signal coverage, susceptibility to transmission interference, and insufficient command security. It achieves full-area coverage, stable transmission, and accurate execution of blasting dispatch commands, providing solid communication support for key aspects such as blasting warning, personnel dispatch, and detonation control in open-pit mines. The entire method possesses strong adaptability and high reliability, can dynamically optimize the communication link status, and strengthen the communication security defense line for open-pit mine blasting operations. It provides a complete and feasible technical path for the standardized, safe, and efficient advancement of open-pit mine blasting operations, and also provides practical reference for communication dispatching in similar open-pit mine blasting operations.

[0028] Example 2: Communication Environment Sensing Module: As the core of the system's basic data acquisition, this module relies on the mine's wireless communication network to perform real-time continuous monitoring of the entire underground mine blasting operation area. It conducts refined grid-based monitoring of the entire operation area with a fixed sampling period of 100ms. The underground mine blasting operation area is evenly divided into 10m × 10m equal-area monitoring grids, with each grid configured with a dedicated independent monitoring sampling point. This achieves comprehensive and complete collection of underground communication environment data, including wireless noise intensity, dust interference level, signal attenuation coefficient, and real-time packet loss rate data at each sampling point within the coverage area, capturing real-time underground communication data. By observing subtle changes in the environment and clearly understanding the signal transmission conditions in different roadways and working faces, the system accurately identifies hidden communication blind spots in underground mines by comparing signal strength differences. It precisely locates the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of these blind spots and simultaneously collects the location information of pre-placed supplementary nodes within them. All collected data is synchronously cached and transmitted in real time to the system's backend data center. This provides the system with accurate, complete, and real-time underground mine communication environment data for the subsequent operation of each module, ensuring that the operation of each module perfectly matches the actual underground communication conditions. This guarantees the accuracy and adaptability of the system operation from the source, preventing module failures and communication link anomalies caused by data deviations.

[0029] The working channel traversal and screening module, as the core of the system's channel optimization, receives real-time global communication environment data transmitted by the communication environment perception module. It performs a full traversal and comprehensive evaluation of all available wireless communication channels within the coverage area of ​​the mine's wireless communication network. Based on the communication specifications and safety requirements for underground mine blasting operations, it presets an anti-interference performance threshold of signal-to-noise ratio ≥25dB ​​and a transmission delay threshold of end-to-end transmission delay ≤8ms. It then tests the actual anti-interference performance and transmission delay values ​​of each available channel under conditions of enclosed underground mine environments, roadway obstruction, and equipment electromagnetic interference, accurately screening for the best channels. The system selects high-quality working channels that fully meet two preset thresholds, and simultaneously extracts the center frequency, transmission bandwidth, and modulation mode characteristic parameters of the working channels. These parameters are then synchronized in real time to the directional beam blind zone coverage module and the command encryption transmission module. This achieves perfect matching between the channel parameters and the core functions of the system, ensuring that the selected working channels can effectively resist multiple interferences from underground dust, roadway obstruction, and mechanical equipment. They possess stable transmission performance and extremely low transmission latency, providing a high-quality and reliable transmission channel for underground mine blasting operations, enabling dispatch commands to be transmitted quickly and stably even in complex underground environments.

[0030] Directional beam blind zone coverage module: As the core of the system's blind zone signal completion, it integrates the communication blind zone spatial coordinates and blind zone node locations provided by the communication environment perception module, as well as the working channel characteristic parameters provided by the working channel traversal and filtering module. It generates a directional and controllable millimeter-wave beam using beamforming technology and accurately calculates the horizontal and vertical pointing angles of the beam using a beam pointing angle calculation algorithm. This allows for precise projection of the beam signal onto the blind zone nodes within the underground mine's working area. In this embodiment, the blind zone nodes are pre-deployed at locations prone to communication blind zones, such as tunnel corners, goaf edges, and the rear of blasting faces in the underground mine. The fixed locations ensure that there are no physical obstructions between all deployment points and the millimeter-wave wireless beam controller. The distance between adjacent deployment points is strictly controlled to not exceed 50m. A single deployment point can stably cover a blind area with a radius of not less than 30m. After receiving the beam signal, the supplementary node quickly verifies the consistency between the working channel characteristic parameters carried by the signal and the pre-stored parameters. After the verification is successful, the signal forwarding and power compensation functions are immediately activated. The signal is converted to the working channel parameters and then forwarded omnidirectionally to the blind area, completely eliminating all communication blind spots in the underground mine and establishing an end-to-end wireless communication link for the entire blasting area. Figure 2 As shown, this allows all operational terminals in the enclosed environment of an underground mine to stably access the communication network, achieving full coverage of underground dispatch signals without blind spots, ensuring that underground workers can receive blasting dispatch instructions in a timely and accurate manner, and maintaining the coordination and safety of underground operations.

[0031] Command Encryption Transmission Module: As the core of the system's secure transmission, it acquires the working channel feature parameters extracted by the working channel traversal and filtering module in real time. It then uses a channel feature mapping algorithm to generate a dynamic, dedicated encryption key deeply bound to the working channel. This key is used to symmetrically encrypt blasting operation commands, warning commands, and personnel dispatch commands, building a high-strength security barrier for core underground dispatch commands. This effectively prevents risks such as underground signal interference, data theft, and command modification. The encrypted commands are encapsulated in a standard frame format according to the working channel feature parameters and stably transmitted to the blasting operation wireless terminal in the underground mine through a full-domain communication link built by the directional beam blind zone coverage module. After receiving the data packet, the wireless terminal generates a matching decryption key based on the corresponding working channel feature parameters, quickly completing data packet decryption and command integrity verification. This ensures that commands are transmitted without deviation, modification, or loss in the complex communication environment of underground mines, guaranteeing the secure transmission and accurate execution of blasting operation dispatch commands. It completely eliminates the security risks caused by interference or theft of underground communication commands, safeguarding the core dispatch security of underground mine blasting operations.

[0032] The closed-loop optimization module, as the core of the system's adaptive adjustment, receives real-time data from the blasting operation's wireless terminal, including the terminal's real-time 3D position, signal-to-noise ratio of the access signal, command reception verification status, and terminal equipment operating status. Based on this real-time data, it updates the comprehensive communication environment monitoring dataset collected by the communication environment perception module. The updated, accurate data is then synchronously pushed to the working channel traversal and filtering module and the directional beam blind zone coverage module, providing real-time and reliable data support for adjusting the parameters of each system module. Simultaneously, it conducts a comprehensive check according to preset link performance standards, with preset thresholds of working channel signal-to-noise ratio ≥25dB, transmission delay ≤8ms, packet loss rate ≤0.2%, and beam coverage... The system receives a signal strength ≥-75dBm, and determines in real time whether the performance of the working channel and the beam coverage quality meet the standards. If they do not meet the standards, it automatically adjusts the pointing angle of the millimeter-wave beam and the transmission power of the supplementary nodes, and simultaneously fine-tunes the working channel configuration parameters. After the adjustment is completed, the system verifies the adjustment effect in real time by transmitting data back from the terminal, continuously iterates and optimizes the communication link status, and forms a complete and autonomous closed-loop operation mechanism for the link. This ensures that the system is always adapted to the dynamically changing communication environment of the underground mine, maintains the high-performance and stable operation of the communication link, and provides uninterrupted and highly reliable communication scheduling support for the entire blasting operation in the underground mine, ensuring that there is no interruption in communication, no errors in commands, and no risks in operation throughout the entire blasting operation.

[0033] The underground mine blasting operation scheduling and communication system constructed in this embodiment forms an integrated underground blasting communication and control platform through the collaborative operation of multiple core modules, such as... Figure 3As shown, the system integrates core functions such as communication environment perception, channel optimization, blind zone signal completion, secure command transmission, and adaptive closed-loop optimization. Relying on specialized algorithms, it achieves precise monitoring of underground communication status and intelligent control of communication links. Adapting to the operational characteristics of underground mines—enclosed spaces, dense roadway obstructions, and harsh communication environments—this system solves industry challenges in underground mine blasting operations, such as concealed communication blind spots, rapid signal attenuation, difficult command transmission, and weak safety protection. It achieves full-area underground communication coverage through directional beamforming technology, ensures the secure transmission of core scheduling commands through dynamic encryption technology, and continuously maintains stable communication link operation through a closed-loop optimization mechanism. The entire system is highly efficient, secure, and adaptable, providing stable communication support for underground mine blasting operations throughout the entire process. It ensures the safe and accurate transmission and execution of underground blasting commands, comprehensively improving the communication control level and safe operation capabilities of underground mine blasting operations, and providing a reliable system guarantee for the intelligent and safe development of underground mine blasting communication scheduling.

[0034] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A communication method for scheduling blasting operations in a mine, characterized in that, The method includes: S100, Communication Environment Awareness: Collects data on wireless noise intensity, dust interference level, signal attenuation coefficient, and channel packet loss rate across the entire blasting area, and locates the spatial coordinates of communication blind spots and the positions of preset supplementary nodes; S200, Working Channel Traversal and Screening: Based on the data collected by S100, the available wireless channels are traversed and evaluated, and working channels that meet the anti-interference and transmission delay thresholds are screened. The channel center frequency, transmission bandwidth, and modulation mode characteristic parameters are extracted. S300, Directional Beam Blind Zone Coverage: Combining blind zone coordinates, replacement point locations and channel parameters, a directional millimeter-wave beam is generated by beamforming and projected onto the replacement node, triggering node signal forwarding and power compensation, and establishing an end-to-end wireless communication link for the entire blasting domain. S400, encrypted transmission of instructions: Based on channel parameters, a dynamic exclusive encryption key is generated for channel binding. After encrypting the detonation, warning, and personnel dispatch instructions, the instructions are transmitted to the operation wireless terminal via the S300 communication link. S500, Closed-loop optimization: Receives location, signal quality, and command verification data returned by the terminal, updates the communication monitoring dataset, and adjusts beam angle, node power, and channel parameters.

2. The communication method for scheduling mine blasting operations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S100, the communication environment perception uses a fixed sampling period of 100ms to perform grid-based monitoring of the entire blasting operation area. The blasting operation area is divided into a 10m×10m equal-area monitoring grid, and each grid corresponds to an independent monitoring sampling point. The wireless noise intensity, dust interference level, signal attenuation coefficient, and real-time packet loss rate data of each sampling point are collected synchronously. Communication blind spots are identified by comparing signal strength differences, the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the blind spots are located, and all collected data are synchronously cached.

3. The communication method for scheduling mine blasting operations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S200, the working channel traversal and screening is performed as follows: First, based on the communication requirements for mine blasting operations, a preset anti-interference performance threshold is set at a signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 25dB, and a transmission delay threshold is set at an end-to-end transmission delay ≤ 8ms. Then, a full traversal of all available wireless communication channels within the coverage area of ​​the mine wireless communication network is performed, and the anti-interference performance and transmission delay values ​​of each available channel under the blasting operation environment are detected in turn. Working channels whose values ​​meet the preset anti-interference performance threshold and transmission delay threshold are selected. After extracting the center frequency, transmission bandwidth, and modulation mode characteristic parameters of the working channel, the parameters are synchronously sent to beam control in S300 and encryption processing in S400.

4. The communication method for scheduling mine blasting operations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S300, when generating a directional and controllable millimeter-wave beam in the directional beam blind zone coverage, a beam pointing angle calculation algorithm is used to determine the horizontal and vertical pointing angles of the beam, and the formulas are as follows: ； ； in, The horizontal pointing angle of the beam; The vertical pointing angle of the beam; , , The three-dimensional installation coordinates for the millimeter-wave wireless beam controller; , , The three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the supplementary node corresponding to the nth communication blind zone identified by S100; Beamforming is performed based on the calculated pointing angle to obtain accurate projection of the beam signal onto the supplementary nodes.

5. The communication method for scheduling mine blasting operations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S300, the blind spot filling node in the directional beam blind spot coverage is pre-deployed in fixed positions in the blasting operation area where the mountain is blocked and recessed, the bottom of the mining step, and the rear side of the blasting area free face are prone to communication blind spots. There is no physical obstruction between the deployment point and the millimeter wave wireless beam controller, the distance between adjacent deployment points does not exceed 50m, and each deployment point corresponds to a blind spot area with a coverage radius of not less than 30m. After receiving the beam signal projected by the millimeter-wave wireless beam controller, the supplementary node first verifies the consistency between the working channel characteristic parameters carried by the beam signal and the pre-stored parameters. After the verification is successful, the signal forwarding and power compensation functions are activated. The received signal is converted into a format according to the working channel parameters extracted by S200 and then forwarded omnidirectionally to the corresponding blind area to complete the signal coverage of the blind area.

6. The communication method for scheduling mine blasting operations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S400, when generating the dynamic dedicated encryption key bound to the working channel during the instruction encryption transmission, a channel feature mapping algorithm is used to generate the key sequence, as shown in the formula: ； in, For the generated dynamic proprietary encryption key; It is an irreversible hash operation function; The center frequency of the working channel extracted for S200; The working channel transmission bandwidth extracted for S200; The mapping code value corresponding to the modulation scheme of the working channel extracted by S200; The timestamp for instruction transmission; For string concatenation; The brute-force scheduling command is symmetrically encrypted based on the generated key, and the encrypted command can only be decrypted and verified within the corresponding working channel.

7. The communication method for scheduling mine blasting operations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S400, the blasting scheduling command, after being encrypted during the command encryption transmission, is encapsulated in a frame format according to the working channel feature parameters extracted in S200. The encapsulated command data packet is transmitted to the corresponding supplementary node through the directional beam of the millimeter-wave wireless beam controller. After the supplementary node verifies and forwards the data packet, it is transmitted to the wireless terminal at the blasting operation site. After receiving the data packet, the wireless terminal generates a decryption key based on the feature parameters of the corresponding working channel to complete the decryption of the data packet and command verification.

8. The communication method for scheduling mine blasting operations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S500, after the wireless terminal for blasting operations in the closed-loop optimization completes instruction decryption and verification, it transmits back the terminal's real-time three-dimensional position, the signal-to-noise ratio of the access signal, the instruction reception verification status, and the terminal equipment operating status data through the communication link established in S300, according to a fixed transmission cycle of 500ms. After receiving the returned data, the full-domain communication environment monitoring dataset collected by S100 is updated synchronously, and the updated dataset is pushed synchronously to the channel configuration of S200 and the beam control of S300.

9. The communication method for scheduling mine blasting operations according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S500, the closed-loop optimization, based on the updated global communication environment monitoring dataset, determines whether the performance values ​​of the working channel and the signal quality of the beam coverage meet preset thresholds. The preset thresholds are: working channel signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 25dB, transmission delay ≤ 8ms, packet loss rate ≤ 0.2%, and received signal strength of the beam coverage ≥ -75dBm. When the values ​​do not meet the preset thresholds, the horizontal and vertical pointing angles of the millimeter-wave beam and the transmission power of the supplementary nodes are adjusted accordingly, while the configuration parameters of the working channel are fine-tuned. After the adjustment is completed, the adjustment effect is verified by transmitting data back through the wireless terminal, and the performance of the communication link is continuously iterated to maintain stability, thus completing the closed-loop linkage of the entire process.

10. A mine blasting operation scheduling and communication system, the system being applicable to the mine blasting operation scheduling and communication method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The system includes: Communication Environment Sensing Module: Used to continuously monitor the entire blasting operation area in real time by relying on the mine's wireless communication network, collect data on wireless noise intensity, dust interference level, signal attenuation coefficient, and real-time packet loss rate of the channel within the coverage area, and identify the spatial coordinates of communication blind spots and the location of pre-placed supplementary nodes in the blind spots to complete the collection of communication environment data for the entire area. Working Channel Traversal and Filtering Module: Based on the global communication environment data collected by the communication environment sensing module, it traverses and evaluates all available wireless communication channels, filters out working channels that meet the preset anti-interference performance threshold and transmission delay threshold, and simultaneously extracts the center frequency, transmission bandwidth, and modulation mode characteristic parameters of the working channels. Directional beam blind zone coverage module: Based on the communication environment perception module's identification of the communication blind zone spatial coordinates and the location of the supplementary node, and the working channel feature parameters extracted by the working channel traversal and screening module, a directional and controllable millimeter-wave beam is generated through beamforming, and the beam signal is projected to the corresponding blind zone supplementary node, triggering the supplementary node to start signal forwarding and power compensation functions, and establishing an end-to-end wireless communication link for the entire blasting domain; Command encryption transmission module: Based on the working channel feature parameters extracted by the working channel traversal and filtering module, it generates a dynamic exclusive encryption key bound to the working channel. The key is used to encrypt the detonation command, warning command, and personnel dispatch command for blasting operations. The encrypted command is transmitted to the blasting operation wireless terminal through the communication link built by the directional beam blind zone coverage module. Closed-loop optimization module: Used to receive real-time terminal location, signal access quality, and command reception verification status data transmitted back from the blasting operation wireless terminal, update the global communication environment monitoring dataset based on the transmitted data, and synchronously adjust the pointing angle of the millimeter wave beam, the transmission power of the supplementary nodes, and the configuration parameters of the working channel to form a closed-loop operation mechanism for the link.

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