Magnetostrictive three-stable-state friction nanometer generator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy

Abstract

The utility model relates to a magnetostrictive three-stable friction nanometer generator collecting low-frequency vibration energy, which comprises a shell, the shell is a box body structure formed by combining an insulating cover plate, an insulating shell main body and an insulating bottom plate, and a sliding mass block is arranged in the insulating shell main body. The left and right ends of the sliding mass block are fixedly connected with the left and right panels of the insulating shell body through springs. The sliding mass block and the insulating shell body are both provided with magnets. And two friction films are symmetrically arranged between the upper end face of the sliding mass block and the insulating cover plate and between the lower end face of the sliding mass block and the insulating bottom plate. According to the utility model, a magnetic three-stable-state structure is combined with friction nanometer power generation, the magnetic three-stable-state friction nanometer power generator is constructed, a three-stable-state mechanical mechanism is utilized, small-amplitude low-speed low-frequency vibration can be converted into large-amplitude high-speed motion response, and the low-frequency vibration energy collection efficiency of the friction nanometer power generator is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a nanogenerator, in particular to a magnetostrictive tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy. Background Art

[0002] The Internet of Things connects everything to the Internet through widely distributed information sensing devices to exchange information, thereby realizing intelligent perception and management of objects. Sensing technology is one of the core technologies of the Internet of Things, which mainly realizes information exchange between objects and between objects and people in the Internet of Things through a large number of sensors. The widespread application of Internet of Things technology depends on a large number of sensor network nodes. How to stably, persistently and at low cost power tens of thousands of sensor network nodes has become a bottleneck problem restricting the further development of the Internet of Things.

[0003] Accessing the power grid and carrying batteries are the traditional ways to power IoT sensor network nodes. However, power supply through the power grid has the disadvantage of high cost; using batteries for power supply has the problem of requiring regular replacement and difficulty in recycling used batteries. Therefore, developing new power supply methods to achieve self-powered IoT sensor network nodes is of great significance to promote the further development of the Internet of Things. Usually, there are a wide variety of renewable energy in the environment where IoT sensor network nodes are located, such as wind energy, water energy, and vibration energy. Converting the environmental energy around the sensor network nodes into electrical energy to power IoT sensor network nodes is one of the potential solutions to solve the energy supply problem of IoT sensor network nodes.

[0004] Vibration energy is widely distributed in the environment around IoT sensor network nodes and is an ideal energy source for realizing self-powered IoT sensor network nodes. Friction nanogenerators convert environmental energy into electrical energy by driving charge transfer through the relative motion between friction layers to form a potential difference. Environmental vibrations can drive the relative motion of friction layers, so friction nanogenerators have excellent prospects in the field of vibration energy capture. However, environmental vibrations have low-frequency characteristics, and traditional friction nanogenerators are difficult to achieve efficient capture of vibration energy under low-frequency excitation. Therefore, how to develop friction nanogenerators with low-frequency vibration energy capture capabilities is still a major challenge in the field of vibration energy capture research. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a magnetostrictive tristable friction nanogenerator which has a simple structure and high energy collection efficiency and collects low-frequency vibration energy.

[0006] The utility model solves the above-mentioned problem through a technical solution: a magnetostrictive tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy, comprising a shell, wherein the shell is a box structure composed of an insulating cover plate, an insulating shell body and an insulating bottom plate, wherein a sliding mass block is arranged in the insulating shell body, and the left and right ends of the sliding mass block are respectively fixedly connected to the inner walls of the left and right panels of the insulating shell body through a spring, and a magnet is arranged on the front side surface of the sliding mass block, the rear side surface of the sliding mass block, the left side of the front panel of the insulating shell body, the right side of the front panel of the insulating shell body, the left side of the rear panel of the insulating shell body, and the right side of the rear panel of the insulating shell body, and all the magnets are installed with the N pole facing outward; and two friction films are symmetrically arranged between the upper end surface of the sliding mass block and the insulating cover plate, and between the lower end surface of the sliding mass block and the insulating bottom plate.

[0007] The above-mentioned magnetostrictive tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy comprises three layers of friction film, the middle layer is a copper film, and a layer of FEP film is arranged on both the inner and outer sides of the copper film.

[0008] In the above-mentioned magnetostrictive tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy, the copper film and the FEP film located inside the copper film are both attached to the sliding mass block, and the FEP film located outside the copper film is attached to the insulating cover plate or the insulating bottom plate.

[0009] In the above-mentioned magneto-induced tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy, when the sliding mass block is in the middle position inside the insulating shell body, the springs at both ends of the sliding mass block are in a compressed state.

[0010] The above-mentioned magneto-induced tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy has a plurality of bolt holes on the insulating cover plate and the insulating bottom plate, and circular holes for the bolts to pass through are provided at positions corresponding to the bolt holes on the insulating shell body.

[0011] The above-mentioned magnetostrictive tristable friction nanogenerator that collects low-frequency vibration energy has a cylindrical hole for installing a magnet on the front side of the sliding mass block, the rear side of the sliding mass block, the left side of the front panel of the insulating shell body, the right side of the front panel of the insulating shell body, the left side of the rear panel of the insulating shell body, and the right side of the rear panel of the insulating shell body.

[0012] In the above-mentioned magneto-induced tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy, a circular groove for fixing a spring is provided on the left end of the sliding mass block, the right end of the sliding mass block, the left panel of the insulating shell body, and the left panel of the insulating shell body.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0014] 1. The utility model utilizes the repulsive force between magnets to achieve negative stiffness. The magnets on the sliding mass block and the magnets on the housing are combined to form a magneto-induced negative stiffness mechanism. The magneto-induced negative stiffness mechanism and the springs at both ends of the sliding mass block are combined to obtain a magneto-induced tristable structure (such as Figure 2 As shown in the displacement-potential energy curve, the magneto-tristable structure has three stable equilibrium points and a tristable mechanical mechanism. The magneto-tristable structure is combined with friction nanopower generation to construct a magneto-tristable friction nanogenerator. By utilizing the tristable mechanical mechanism, small-amplitude and low-speed low-frequency vibrations can be converted into large-amplitude and high-speed motion responses, which significantly improves the low-frequency vibration energy collection efficiency of the friction nanogenerator.

[0015] 2. Under low-frequency environmental vibration, the potential energy barrier height of the tristable structure can be adjusted by changing system parameters such as the magnetic block spacing and spring stiffness, thereby broadening the bandwidth of low-frequency vibration energy collection and enhancing the environmental applicability of the magneto-induced tristable friction nanogenerator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a potential energy-displacement curve diagram of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, a magnetostrictive tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy includes a shell, wherein the shell is a box structure composed of an insulating cover plate 1, an insulating shell body 2 and an insulating bottom plate 3. A sliding mass block 4 is arranged in the insulating shell body 2, and the left and right ends of the sliding mass block 4 are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the left and right panels of the insulating shell body 2 through a spring 5 respectively. A magnet 6 is arranged on the front side surface of the sliding mass block 4, the rear side surface of the sliding mass block 4, the left side of the front panel of the insulating shell body 2, the right side of the front panel of the insulating shell body 2, the left side of the rear panel of the insulating shell body 2, and the right side of the rear panel of the insulating shell body 2, and all the magnets 6 are installed with the N pole facing outward; two friction films are symmetrically arranged between the upper end surface of the sliding mass block 4 and the insulating cover plate 1, and between the lower end surface of the sliding mass block 4 and the insulating bottom plate 3.

[0020] The friction film includes three layers, the middle layer is a copper film 7, and a layer of FEP film 8 is arranged on both the inner and outer sides of the copper film 7. The copper film 7 and the FEP film 8 located on the inner side of the copper film 7 are both attached to the sliding mass block 4, and the FEP film 8 located on the outer side of the copper film 7 is attached to the insulating cover plate 1 or the insulating bottom plate 3.

[0021] When the sliding mass block 4 is in the middle position in the insulating housing body 2, the springs 5 ​​at both ends of the sliding mass block 4 are in a compressed state.

[0022] The insulating cover plate 1 and the insulating bottom plate 3 are both provided with four bolt holes, and the insulating housing body 2 is provided with circular holes for the bolts to pass through at positions corresponding to the bolt holes.

[0023] A cylindrical hole for installing the magnet 6 is provided on the front side of the sliding mass block 4, the rear side of the sliding mass block 4, the left side of the front panel of the insulating shell body 2, the right side of the front panel of the insulating shell body 2, the left side of the rear panel of the insulating shell body 2, and the right side of the rear panel of the insulating shell body 2.

[0024] A circular groove for fixing the spring 5 is provided on the left end of the sliding mass block 4, the right end of the sliding mass block 4, the left panel of the insulating shell body 2, and the left panel of the insulating shell body 2.

[0025] The working process of the utility model is as follows: under the external low-frequency vibration excitation, the magnetostrictive tristable friction nanogenerator moves as a whole, and under the joint action of the spring 5 and the magnet 6, a relative movement occurs between the sliding mass block 4 and the shell. Due to the tristable mechanical mechanism (such as Figure 2 As shown, from the energy perspective, the tristable structure has three stable equilibrium points on the left, middle and right, corresponding to three potential energy wells, and two unstable equilibrium points, corresponding to two potential energy barriers. When the system sliding mass block can cross the unstable equilibrium point, it will perform a large-amplitude and high-speed well-to-well motion between the two stable equilibrium points on the left and right. The sliding mass block 4 will produce a large-amplitude and high-speed motion response, and a large potential difference will be generated between the copper film 7 and the FEP film 8, thereby generating a large output voltage. Therefore, the magneto-induced tristable friction nanogenerator can convert small-amplitude and low-speed vibrations into large-amplitude and high-speed motion responses, thereby efficiently collecting low-frequency vibration energy.

[0026] Figure 2 is the potential energy-displacement curve of the magnetostrictive tristable friction nanogenerator. Figure 2 It can be seen that the generator has three stable equilibrium points and two unstable equilibrium points. The potential energy difference between the stable equilibrium point and the unstable equilibrium point is the potential energy barrier. When the generator can cross the unstable equilibrium point, its motion is a large-scale high-speed well-to-well motion.

[0027] It should be noted that reducing or increasing the number of magnets can realize a bistable, tristable or even multistable mechanical mechanism, thereby achieving efficient collection of low-frequency vibration energy; or using a rigid beam instead of a magnetic block can also realize a bistable mechanical mechanism, and can also collect low-frequency vibration energy.

Claims

1. A magneto-induced tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy, comprising a housing, wherein the housing is a box structure composed of an insulating cover plate, an insulating shell body and an insulating bottom plate, characterized in that: A sliding mass block is arranged inside the insulating shell body, and the left and right ends of the sliding mass block are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the left and right panels of the insulating shell body through a spring respectively; a magnet is arranged on the front side of the sliding mass block, the rear side of the sliding mass block, the left side of the front panel of the insulating shell body, the right side of the front panel of the insulating shell body, the left side of the rear panel of the insulating shell body, and the right side of the rear panel of the insulating shell body, and all the magnets are installed with the N pole facing outward; two friction films are symmetrically arranged between the upper end surface of the sliding mass block and the insulating cover plate, and between the lower end surface of the sliding mass block and the insulating bottom plate.

2. The magneto-induced tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The friction film comprises three layers, the middle layer is a copper film, and a layer of FEP film is arranged on both the inner and outer sides of the copper film.

3. The magneto-induced tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The copper film and the FEP film located on the inner side of the copper film are both attached to the sliding mass block, and the FEP film located on the outer side of the copper film is attached to the insulating cover plate or the insulating bottom plate.

4. The magneto-induced tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the sliding mass block is in the middle position in the insulating housing body, the springs at both ends of the sliding mass block are in a compressed state.

5. The magneto-induced tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating cover plate and the insulating bottom plate are both provided with a plurality of bolt holes, and circular holes for the bolts to pass through are provided at positions corresponding to the bolt holes on the insulating shell body.

6. The magneto-induced tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cylindrical hole for installing a magnet is provided on the front side of the sliding mass block, the rear side of the sliding mass block, the left side of the front panel of the insulating shell body, the right side of the front panel of the insulating shell body, the left side of the rear panel of the insulating shell body, and the right side of the rear panel of the insulating shell body.

7. The magneto-induced tristable friction nanogenerator for collecting low-frequency vibration energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circular groove for fixing the spring is provided on the left end of the sliding mass block, the right end of the sliding mass block, the left panel of the insulating shell body, and the left panel of the insulating shell body.

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