Lightning protection electromagnetic shielding nacelle structure for a wind turbine generator system

Abstract

The utility model discloses lightning -resistant electromagnetic shielding cabin structure of wind generating set variable pitch system relates to wind generating set shielding cabin field, including cabin body, one side fixed mounting of cabin body has hinged seat, one side of cabin body is provided with hatch, and the hinged seat is rotatably installed between hatch, shielding subassembly, shielding subassembly sets up inside cabin body, wherein, shielding subassembly includes ground point, shielding part. The utility model discloses through setting up cabin body shell of composite structure, is cabin body, middle layer, inner layer respectively, when high frequency electromagnetic wave is transmitted into cabin, produces intense " reflection effect " in aluminum alloy, stainless steel surface layer, and reflection loss can reach 20 40db, realizes high frequency radiation shielding, and when low frequency radiation passes through nickel iron alloy surface, can " bind " low frequency magnetic field in metal inside, through magnetic hysteresis loss fast attenuation magnetic field energy, avoids the influence of radiation to cabin internal structural member.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technology of shielding cabins for wind turbine generator sets, specifically to the structure of an electromagnetic shielding cabin for lightning protection of the pitch system of a wind turbine generator set. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of wind turbine generators, the pitch system, as a core component controlling blade angles and ensuring generator safety and power generation efficiency, faces a severe threat from lightning electromagnetic pulses. Wind turbine generators are mostly deployed in open areas such as open fields, plateaus, and offshore, where lightning activity is frequent. Furthermore, the pitch system, installed in the hub or nacelle, is easily affected by lightning strikes directly or indirectly. The electromagnetic radiation generated by lightning covers a wide frequency range, including both high-frequency electromagnetic waves in the 100MHz-GHz range and low-frequency magnetic fields in the 1kHz-100kHz range. These two types of radiation can interfere with the normal operation of the pitch system through different paths.

[0003] Traditional pitch control systems often employ shielding housings made of a single metal material (such as pure stainless steel or pure aluminum alloy) to achieve electromagnetic protection through simple metal shielding. However, this approach has significant technical limitations: For high-frequency electromagnetic waves, while some single metals can generate some reflection loss, their reflection efficiency is unstable due to the limitations of their material impedance characteristics. This makes it difficult to attenuate high-frequency radiation to the equipment's tolerance threshold, leading to interference with sensitive components such as the PLC module and signal receiver within the pitch control cabinet, resulting in pitch angle control deviations. Furthermore, for low-frequency magnetic fields, the permeability of single metals (especially aluminum alloys and stainless steel) is extremely low, making it impossible to effectively confine magnetic field energy. Low-frequency radiation can easily penetrate the housing, interfering with the angle detection accuracy of the pitch motor encoder and even causing safety hazards such as motor mis-start and failure of the emergency feathering function. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lightning protection electromagnetic shielding cabin structure for the pitch system of a wind turbine generator set, in order to solve the problem that the existing technology cannot effectively achieve electromagnetic protection because the shielding cabin shell is made of a single metal material.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a lightning protection electromagnetic shielding cabin structure for a wind turbine pitch system, comprising a cabin body, a hinged seat fixedly installed on one side of the cabin body, and a cabin door provided on one side of the cabin body, wherein the hinged seat and the cabin door are rotatably installed together.

[0006] A shielding assembly, wherein the shielding assembly is disposed inside the cabin;

[0007] The shielding assembly includes a grounding part and a shielding part. The grounding part is located on the right side of the cabin, and the shielding part is located inside the cabin.

[0008] Protective components are disposed on the left side of the cabin;

[0009] The protective component includes a first protective part and a second protective part. The first protective part is located inside the cabin, and the second protective part is located on the left side of the cabin.

[0010] The shielding part includes an intermediate layer, an inner layer is fixedly installed on the inner side of the intermediate layer, a lead cable is provided on the left side of the cabin, and a surge protector is fixedly connected to one end of the lead cable.

[0011] Furthermore, the grounding part includes a grounding wire, and mounting bases are fixedly installed on both the left and right sides of the cabin. An anchor bolt is fixedly installed inside the mounting base, and one end of the grounding wire is fixedly installed to the mounting base by the anchor bolt.

[0012] Furthermore, the intermediate layer is fixedly installed inside the cabin, and a surge protector is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner layer. One end of the lead cable passes through the cabin, the intermediate layer, and the inner layer in sequence, and the other end of the lead cable extends into the interior of the inner layer.

[0013] Furthermore, the protective part includes an insulating frame, an equipotential busbar is fixedly installed on one side of the insulating frame, and copper cables are fixedly connected to both ends of the equipotential busbar. The insulating frame is fixedly installed on the left side inside the inner layer, and one end of the copper cable is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner layer.

[0014] Furthermore, the second protective part includes a grounding copper cable, which is located on the left side of the cabin. One end of the grounding copper cable is equipped with a second anchor bolt, and the left side of the cabin is equipped with a cabin busbar.

[0015] Furthermore, the other end of the grounding copper cable is fixedly installed to the mounting base by anchor bolt one, and the other end of the grounding copper cable is fixedly installed to the cabin busbar by anchor bolt two.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the lightning protection electromagnetic shielding cabin structure for the wind turbine pitch system provided by this utility model has the following advantages:

[0017] (1) This utility model sets up a composite structure cabin shell, which consists of a cabin body, a middle layer and an inner layer. When high-frequency electromagnetic waves enter the cabin, they generate a strong "reflection effect" on the aluminum alloy and stainless steel surfaces. The reflection loss can reach 20-40dB, thus achieving high-frequency radiation shielding. At the same time, when low-frequency radiation passes through the nickel-iron alloy surface, it can "bind" the low-frequency magnetic field inside the metal and quickly attenuate the magnetic field energy through hysteresis loss, thus avoiding radiation from affecting the internal structural components of the cabin.

[0018] (2) By setting up an equipotential system, all components in the cabin that need to be connected to the equipotential connection, such as control cabinets, motors, sensitive modules, brackets, pipelines, etc., are connected to the equipotential busbar through their respective connecting conductors. At the same time, the equipotential system of the shielded cabin is connected to the grounding grid of the wind turbine generator set, forming a complete equipotential chain of "cabin-generator-earth". This can eliminate the potential difference between components during lightning strikes and prevent electric spark discharge or current breakdown of equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is the left view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a view of the internal structure of this utility model.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0025] 1. Cabin; 2. Hinge mount; 3. Shielding assembly; 31. Grounding part; 311. Grounding wire; 312. Mounting base; 313. Anchor bolt one; 32. Shielding part; 321. Intermediate layer; 322. Inner layer; 323. Lead cable; 324. Surge protector; 4. Protection assembly; 41. Protection part one; 411. Insulating frame; 412. Equipotential busbar; 413. Copper cable; 42. Protection part two; 421. Grounding copper cable; 422. Anchor bolt two; 423. Cabin busbar; 5. Cabin door. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 4 As shown:

[0028] Example 1:

[0029] This utility model provides a lightning protection electromagnetic shielding cabin structure for a wind turbine pitch system, including a cabin body 1, a hinge seat 2 fixedly installed on one side of the cabin body 1, and a cabin door 5 provided on one side of the cabin body 1, with the hinge seat 2 and the cabin door 5 rotatably installed between them.

[0030] Shielding component 3 is installed inside the cabin 1;

[0031] The shielding component 3 includes a grounding part 31 and a shielding part 32. The grounding part 31 is located on the right side of the cabin 1, and the shielding part 32 is located inside the cabin 1.

[0032] The grounding part 31 includes a grounding wire 311. Mounting seats 312 are fixedly installed on both the left and right sides of the cabin 1. Anchor bolts 313 are fixedly installed inside the mounting seats 312. One end of the grounding wire 311 is fixedly installed to the mounting seat 312 by the anchor bolts 313.

[0033] The shielding part 32 includes an intermediate layer 321, an inner layer 322 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the intermediate layer 321, a lead cable 323 is provided on the left side of the cabin 1, one end of the lead cable 323 is fixedly connected to a surge protector 324, the intermediate layer 321 is fixedly installed inside the cabin 1, the surge protector 324 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner layer 322, one end of the lead cable 323 passes through the cabin 1, the intermediate layer 321 and the inner layer 322 in sequence, and one end of the lead cable 323 extends into the interior of the inner layer 322.

[0034] Working principle: Grounding wire 311 is directly connected to the "main grounding grid" of the wind turbine generator set (usually composed of nacelle grounding electrode, tower grounding electrode, and foundation grounding electrode). The grounding resistance is strictly controlled at ≤4Ω (it can be relaxed to ≤10Ω in areas with high soil resistivity). When the shielded cabin is struck by direct lightning, the current can be quickly discharged through the path of cabin 1 - grounding wire 311 - main grounding grid - earth, avoiding excessively high shell potential that could damage the internal equipment.

[0035] The cabin 1 can be made of aluminum alloy (6061-T6) with a thickness of about 2-3mm to ensure structural strength and lightweight. The middle layer 321 can be made of nickel-iron alloy with a thickness of 0.1-0.3mm, which is a thin alloy layer to avoid adding too much weight. The inner layer 322 can be made of stainless steel (304) with a thickness of 1-1.5mm. The interlayer is electrically connected by "metal welding + conductive glue filling" to ensure no potential difference.

[0036] Aluminum alloys and stainless steel have low surface impedance, which causes a strong reflection effect when high-frequency electromagnetic waves are incident on the metal surface. The reflection loss can reach 20-40dB. At the same time, a small amount of electromagnetic waves that penetrate the surface will be absorbed by the eddy current effect inside the metal (converted into heat dissipation). Finally, the high-frequency energy entering the cabin is attenuated to below the equipment's tolerance threshold. Nickel-iron alloys have extremely high magnetic permeability, which can "bind" low-frequency magnetic fields inside the metal and quickly attenuate the magnetic field energy through hysteresis loss. For example, 0.2mm thick nickel-iron alloy can attenuate a 50kHz low-frequency magnetic field by more than 60dB, preventing it from penetrating the shielded cabin and interfering with the encoder of the pitch motor (the encoder is sensitive to low-frequency magnetic fields and is prone to causing angle detection errors).

[0037] All cables entering the cabin are double-shielded cables (i.e., lead cable 323, with an inner insulating shield and an outer metal braided shield). The outer shield of the cable is conductively connected to the metal shell of the cabin, so that the lightning interference current induced on the cable is directly discharged through the shield layer - cabin 1 - grounding grid, and does not enter the cable core.

[0038] At the ports where the cable enters the cabin (such as the power inlet and signal interface), a suitable surge protector 324 is installed. When a lightning surge is conducted to the interface through the cable, the surge protector 324 will conduct within nanoseconds, diverting the surge current (such as tens of thousands of amperes) to the grounding grid. At the same time, it clamps the surge voltage of the cable core wire within the equipment's tolerance range, preventing the surge from breaking down the pitch motor insulation or burning out the signal module.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] Based on Embodiment 1, protective component 4 is disposed on the left side of the cabin 1;

[0041] The protective component 4 includes a first protective part 41 and a second protective part 42. The first protective part 41 is located inside the cabin 1, and the second protective part 42 is located on the left side of the cabin 1.

[0042] The protective part 41 includes an insulating frame 411. An equipotential busbar 412 is fixedly installed on one side of the insulating frame 411. Copper cables 413 are fixedly connected to both ends of the equipotential busbar 412. The insulating frame 411 is fixedly installed on the left side inside the inner layer 322. One end of the copper cable 413 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner layer 322.

[0043] The second protective part 42 includes a grounding copper cable 421, which is located on the left side of the cabin 1. One end of the grounding copper cable 421 is equipped with a second anchor bolt 422. The left side of the cabin 1 is equipped with a cabin busbar 423. The other end of the grounding copper cable 421 is fixedly installed to the mounting base 312 by an anchor bolt 313, and one end of the grounding copper cable 421 is fixedly installed to the cabin busbar 423 by an anchor bolt 422.

[0044] Working principle: The equipotential busbar 412 is arranged vertically along the inner wall of the shielded cabin. Its length is designed according to the size of the cabin, usually 1-2m. It is fixed by the insulating frame 411, and both ends are connected to the inner layer 322 by copper cables 413. All components in the cabin that need to be equipotentially connected, such as control cabinets, motors, sensitive modules, brackets, pipelines, etc., are connected to the equipotential busbar 412 through their respective connecting conductors (copper strips, copper braided strips). The surface of the equipotential busbar 412 needs to be tin-plated to prevent oxidation from increasing the contact resistance. The setting of the equipotential busbar 412 forms an "equipotential body" between all metal components in the cabin and the shielded cabin shell and the whole machine grounding system, eliminating the potential difference between components during lightning strikes and avoiding electrical spark discharge or current breakdown of equipment.

[0045] The equipotential system of the shielded cabin is connected to the grounding network of the wind turbine generator set (nacelle grounding electrode, tower grounding electrode, foundation grounding electrode) to form a complete equipotential chain of "cabin interior-generator-earth", ensuring that it works in synergy with the equipotential system. The specific connection method is as follows: the mounting base 312 on the left side of the cabin 1 is fixedly connected to the grounding copper cable 421, and one end of the grounding copper cable 421 is fixedly connected to the nacelle busbar 423.

[0046] The foregoing description only illustrates certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightning protection electromagnetic shielding cabin structure for a wind turbine pitch system, comprising a cabin body (1), characterized in that, A hinge seat (2) is fixedly installed on one side of the cabin (1), and a hatch (5) is provided on one side of the cabin (1). The hinge seat (2) and the hatch (5) are rotatably installed together. A shielding assembly (3) is disposed inside the cabin (1); The shielding component (3) includes a grounding part (31) and a shielding part (32). The grounding part (31) is located on the right side of the cabin (1), and the shielding part (32) is located inside the cabin (1). Protective component (4), which is disposed on the left side of the cabin (1); The protective component (4) includes a first protective part (41) and a second protective part (42). The first protective part (41) is located inside the cabin (1), and the second protective part (42) is located on the left side of the cabin (1). The shielding part (32) includes an intermediate layer (321), an inner layer (322) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the intermediate layer (321), a lead cable (323) is provided on the left side of the cabin (1), and a surge protector (324) is fixedly connected to one end of the lead cable (323).

2. The lightning protection electromagnetic shielding cabin structure of the wind turbine pitch system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grounding part (31) includes a grounding wire (311). Mounting seats (312) are fixedly installed on both the left and right sides of the cabin (1). Anchor bolts (313) are fixedly installed inside the mounting seats (312). One end of the grounding wire (311) is fixedly installed to the mounting seat (312) by the anchor bolts (313).

3. The lightning protection electromagnetic shielding cabin structure for the wind turbine pitch system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate layer (321) is fixedly installed inside the cabin (1), and a surge protector (324) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner layer (322). One end of the lead cable (323) passes through the cabin (1), the intermediate layer (321), and the inner layer (322) in sequence, and one end of the lead cable (323) extends into the interior of the inner layer (322).

4. The lightning protection electromagnetic shielding cabin structure of the wind turbine pitch system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first protective part (41) includes an insulating frame (411). An equipotential busbar (412) is fixedly installed on one side of the insulating frame (411). Copper cables (413) are fixedly connected to both ends of the equipotential busbar (412). The insulating frame (411) is fixedly installed on the left side inside the inner layer (322). One end of the copper cable (413) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner layer (322).

5. The lightning protection electromagnetic shielding cabin structure for the wind turbine pitch system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second protective part (42) includes a grounding copper cable (421), which is located on the left side of the cabin (1). One end of the grounding copper cable (421) is provided with a second anchor bolt (422), and the left side of the cabin (1) is provided with a cabin busbar (423).

6. The lightning protection electromagnetic shielding cabin structure for the wind turbine pitch system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The other end of the grounding copper cable (421) is fixedly installed to the mounting base (312) by anchor bolt one (313), and the other end of the grounding copper cable (421) is fixedly installed to the cabin busbar (423) by anchor bolt two (422).

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