A radiation unit and an antenna

Abstract

The utility model belongs to mobile communication technical field discloses a kind of radiation unit and antenna, radiation unit includes oscillator structure and feed structure, oscillator structure includes two dipoles with polarized orthogonal settings, each dipole includes two symmetrically arranged radiation arms and two symmetrically arranged coupling arms, two dipoles are arranged around a center point, form a center through-hole, coupling arm is connected with the end of radiation arm close to center through-hole, and coupling arm is approximately vertically arranged relative to the radiation arm;Feed structure is arranged below the oscillator structure, and the feed structure includes multiple feed arms, each feed arm passes through the center through-hole and partially overlaps with the corresponding coupling arm to form a parallel-plate capacitor. The utility model forms an equivalent high-pass filter by the design of parallel-plate capacitor coupling, realizes the suppression of low-frequency signal, reaches decoupling purpose, satisfies the high-performance requirement of multi-band base station antenna to low-frequency decoupling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mobile communication technology, and more particularly to a radiating unit and antenna. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of 5G communication, antennas in communication equipment need to cover an increasing number of frequency bands. In existing multi-band fusion antennas, the mutual coupling interference between different frequency bands has always been a key research direction for base station antennas. The interference of high-frequency elements to low-frequency signals occurs when the current from the low-frequency antenna flows through the ground plane to the high-frequency antenna element, generating common-mode resonance. If this common-mode signal is not effectively suppressed, it will radiate through the entire path of the high-frequency element, thus affecting the low-frequency antenna. Current technologies typically use inductor-capacitor LC band-stop filters to achieve low-frequency decoupling, thereby preventing low-frequency signals from passing through the high-frequency antenna element. However, the bandwidth it can target is limited, making it difficult to meet the high-performance requirements of multi-band base station antennas for low-frequency decoupling. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a radiating element and antenna that can improve the low-frequency decoupling capability of a high-frequency radiating element.

[0004] The technical solution provided in this application is as follows:

[0005] On the one hand, a radiating unit is provided, comprising:

[0006] The oscillator structure includes two dipoles arranged orthogonally with polarization. Each dipole includes two symmetrically arranged radiating arms and two symmetrically arranged coupling arms. The two dipoles are arranged around a central point to form a central through hole. The coupling arm is connected to the end of the radiating arm near the central through hole, and the coupling arm is arranged approximately perpendicular to the radiating arm.

[0007] A power supply structure is disposed below the oscillator structure. The power supply structure includes multiple power supply arms, each of which passes through the central through hole and partially overlaps with the corresponding coupling arm to form a parallel plate capacitor.

[0008] In some embodiments, the four radiating arms are connected end to end in a circumferential direction to form a shared radiating arm.

[0009] In some embodiments, the radiation common arm is provided with drainage grooves on both sides of each of the coupling arms.

[0010] In some embodiments, at least one edge of the radiating common arm is bent downward to form a bend.

[0011] In some embodiments, the number of the power supply arms is four, and the four power supply arms are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the four coupling arms.

[0012] In some embodiments, the power supply structure further includes two power supply baluns and two feed lines. Each power supply balun includes two symmetrically arranged conductors. The four conductors are connected one-to-one with the four power supply arms to form an integrated structure. Each feed line and a corresponding power supply balun form a microstrip line structure.

[0013] In some embodiments, the number of feed arms is eight, with each coupling arm corresponding to two feed arms.

[0014] In some embodiments, the power supply structure further includes two power supply baluns and two feed lines. Each power supply balun includes four conductors arranged symmetrically. The eight conductors are connected one-to-one with the eight power supply arms to form an integral structure. Each feed line forms a strip line structure with a corresponding power supply balun.

[0015] In some embodiments, at least one parasitic plate and at least one guiding plate are also included, with at least one parasitic plate and at least one guiding plate respectively coupled above the radiating arm.

[0016] On the other hand, an antenna is also provided, including the radiating element described in any of the above embodiments.

[0017] The technical advantages of this application are as follows:

[0018] (1) The partial overlap of the feed arm and the coupling arm forms a parallel plate capacitor. Through the design of parallel plate capacitor coupling, an equivalent high-pass filter is formed, which realizes the suppression of low frequency signals, achieves the decoupling purpose, and meets the high performance requirements of low frequency decoupling for multi-band base station antennas.

[0019] (2) The unit size is effectively reduced by using the plate capacitor coupling and the connection of two polarization arms. The current direction on the radiation arm is guided by the current channel to increase the current path, thereby realizing the characteristics of miniaturized ultra-wideband unit. The structure is simple and easy to manufacture.

[0020] (3) Compared with the radiating unit of the PCB, the feeding structure of the radiating unit adopts the form of air microstrip line or air strip line, which reduces the dielectric loss and the loss is lower. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a radiating unit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a comparison diagram of the decoupling capability of the radiating element provided in one embodiment of this application and the existing LC decoupling capability;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the current path of a radiating element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a radiating unit provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply structure provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a radiating unit provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the power supply structure in the illustrated embodiment;

[0029] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Top view of the power supply structure shown;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0031] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0032] 100. Oscillator structure; 110. Radial arm; 120. Coupler arm; 130. Central through hole; 140. Radial common arm; 150. Drainage groove; 160. Bending section;

[0033] 200. Feeder structure; 210. Feeder arm; 220. Feeder balun; 221. Conductor; 222. Balun grounding part; 230. Feeder line;

[0034] 300, Parasitic plate; 400, Director plate; 510, First band radiating unit; 520, Second band radiating unit; 600, Reflector. Detailed Implementation

[0035] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application can also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the specific implementation methods of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] To keep the drawings concise, each drawing only schematically shows the parts relevant to this application, and they do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some drawings, only one of the components with the same structure or function is schematically shown, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one," but can also mean "more than one."

[0038] It should also be further understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0039] In this document, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; or they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0040] In the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, the directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back) are relative rather than absolute when describing the structure and movement of the various components, and are not intended to limit the direction of the product during actual use.

[0041] Furthermore, in the description of this application, ordinal numbers, such as "first" and "second," are used only to distinguish related objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying the relative importance or order between related objects.

[0042] like Figure 1As shown, in one or more embodiments, this disclosure provides a radiating unit, including an oscillator structure 100 and a feeding structure 200. The oscillator structure 100 includes two dipoles arranged orthogonally with polarization. Each dipole includes two symmetrically arranged radiating arms 110 and two symmetrically arranged coupling arms 120. The two dipoles are arranged around a central point to form a central through hole 130. The coupling arms 120 are connected to the end of the radiating arms 110 near the central through hole 130, and the coupling arms 120 are arranged approximately perpendicular to the radiating arms 110. The feeding structure 200 is disposed below the oscillator structure 100. The feeding structure 200 includes a plurality of feeding arms 210. Each feeding arm 210 passes through the central through hole 130 and partially overlaps with the corresponding coupling arm 120 to form a parallel plate capacitor.

[0043] Specifically, the oscillator structure 100 mainly consists of two orthogonally polarized dipoles. Each dipole includes two symmetrically arranged radiating arms 110 and two symmetrically arranged coupling arms 120. The radiating arms 110 are used to radiate and receive electromagnetic waves, responsible for converting signals into electromagnetic waves and transmitting them, or converting received electromagnetic waves into signals. The four radiating arms 110 are arranged around a central point, forming a central through-hole 130 at the central point. The design of the central through-hole 130 provides space for the coupling between the oscillator structure 100 and the feed structure 200.

[0044] The coupling arm 120 is connected to one end of the radiating arm 110 near the central through hole 130. The coupling arm 120 and the radiating arm 110 can be an integral structure. The coupling arm 120 can be formed by bending sheet metal upwards or downwards. This embodiment does not specifically limit the size of the coupling arm 120; the size of the coupling arm 120 can be designed according to actual coupling requirements. The coupling arm 120 is used to transmit signals from the feed structure to the radiating arm 110, or to transmit signals received by the radiating arm 110 to the feed structure 200.

[0045] The feed structure 200 is disposed below the oscillator structure 100. The oscillator structure 100 can be fixed above the feed structure 200 by a plastic bracket (not shown in the figure). The feed structure 200 includes multiple feed arms 210, which are the main parts of the feed structure and are used to transmit signals from the feed network to the coupling arm 120. The design of the feed arms 210 needs to ensure efficient signal transmission and impedance matching. In this embodiment, each feed arm 210 passes through the central through hole 130. The feed arms 210 and the coupling arm 120 partially overlap to form a parallel plate capacitor. This parallel plate capacitor is equivalent to a high-pass filter, which can filter out low-frequency signals, achieving the suppression effect of high-frequency units on low-frequency signals. Furthermore, since this embodiment only uses capacitor decoupling, the filtering bandwidth is relatively wide, and the suppression effect is relatively ideal. Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2The dashed line represents the LC decoupling capability, and the solid line represents the decoupling capability of the parallel plate capacitor in this embodiment. Figure 2 In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents frequency (GHz), and the vertical axis represents transmission coefficient (dB). The transmission coefficient (dB) is typically used to describe signal attenuation or gain. The transmission coefficient expressed in decibels can be represented as:

[0046]

[0047] In the above formula, V out V is the output voltage. in The input voltage is the voltage at which the transmission coefficient is zero. When the output voltage equals the input voltage, the transmission coefficient is zero. Generally, the output voltage is less than the input voltage. Figure 2 The vertical axis is negative.

[0048] from Figure 2 As can be seen, in the frequency band below 0.617 GHz, the LC decoupling curve has an upward region, indicating that the filtering capability of LC decoupling in this frequency band is relatively poor. However, the curve of the parallel plate capacitor in this embodiment consistently declines in the frequency band below 0.617 GHz, indicating that the parallel plate capacitor of this embodiment has a better filtering effect in this frequency band. Furthermore, at 0.96 GHz, the filtering attenuation of LC is -48.04, while the filtering attenuation of the parallel plate capacitor of this invention is -54.62. Therefore, compared with existing LC decoupling, the parallel plate capacitor of this invention has a wider filtering bandwidth and a better filtering effect.

[0049] In this embodiment, a parallel plate capacitor is formed by the coupling of the feed arm 210 and the coupling arm 120. This parallel plate capacitor forms an equivalent high-pass filter, which suppresses low-frequency signals and has a wide filtering bandwidth. The low-frequency suppression effect is ideal, which meets the high-performance requirements of multi-band base station antennas for low-frequency decoupling.

[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, four radial arms 110 are connected end-to-end along the circumference to form a shared radial arm 140. The four radial arms 110, connected end-to-end along the circumference to form a closed-loop shared radial arm 140, effectively increase the total length of the radial arms 110. Figure 3 As shown, when a dipole is operating, the current has two flow paths on the radiation common arm 140, namely flow path A and flow path B. This dual-path current distribution effectively increases the operating bandwidth of the radiation unit, meeting the wide operating bandwidth requirements of high-frequency radiation units. In this embodiment, the radiation common arm 140 can be integrally formed, and the radiation common arm 140 and the coupling arm 120 are integrally formed from sheet metal parts to achieve low-loss characteristics.

[0051] In this embodiment, by connecting four radiating arms 110 sequentially end-to-end along the circumferential direction to form a single radiating common arm 140, the length of the radiating arms 110 is effectively increased. This allows for the maximal reduction of the physical size of the radiating element within the same operating bandwidth. This design makes the antenna element more compact and suitable for space-constrained applications, such as mobile devices and small base stations. Furthermore, by using parallel plate capacitors to assist in element matching, impedance matching during signal transmission is ensured, reducing reflections and losses.

[0052] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, a current-guiding groove 150 is provided on both sides of each coupling arm 120 on the common radiation arm 140. The current-guiding groove 150 is disposed on the common radiation arm 140 and located on both sides of the coupling arm 120. The current-guiding groove 150 is used to guide the flow direction of the current, enabling the current to flow along a predetermined direction and increasing the current path to increase the operating bandwidth of the radiation unit. In this embodiment, the current-guiding groove 150 is a closed groove, and its length is between 1 / 4λ and λ. The specific length of the current-guiding groove 150 can be optimized according to the operating frequency and required characteristics. The shape of the current-guiding groove 150 is not limited; for example, it can be a T-shaped groove, I-shaped groove, τ-shaped groove, square groove, circular groove, or annular groove, etc.

[0053] In this embodiment, the current channel 150 guides the flow direction of the current, increases the current path, reduces the current concentration effect, and improves the uniformity of current distribution, thereby realizing the miniaturization and ultra-wideband characteristics of the high-frequency unit.

[0054] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, at least one edge of the radiating shared arm 140 is bent downwards to form a bent portion 160. The radiating shared arm 140 can have only one edge bent downwards to form the bent portion 160, or two, three, or all of its edges can be bent downwards to form the bent portion 160. Bending the edges of the radiating shared arm downwards can significantly reduce the size of the radiating shared arm 140 without affecting radiation performance, making it more spatially compact. This reduces the area occupied by the radiating elements, allowing for increased spacing between high-frequency elements in multi-band base station antennas, thereby reducing mutual interference between columns of the high-frequency array.

[0055] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, there are four feed arms 210, and the four feed arms 210 are configured one-to-one with the four coupling arms 120. Each coupling arm 120 can obtain a stable signal from the corresponding feed arm 210, and each feed arm 210 and its corresponding coupling arm 120 form a parallel plate capacitor to suppress low-frequency signals.

[0056] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the power supply structure 200 also includes two power supply baluns 220 and two feed lines 230. Each power supply balun 220 includes two symmetrically arranged conductors 221. The four conductors 221 are connected to the four power supply arms 210 in a one-to-one correspondence to form an integrated structure. Each feed line 230 forms a microstrip line structure with a corresponding power supply balun 220. Each power supply balun 220 also includes at least one balun grounding part 222, which is electrically connected to the reflector 600.

[0057] Each dipole corresponds to a feed balun 220 and a feed line 230. The feed balun 220 is used to convert unbalanced signals into balanced signals, or vice versa. Each feed balun 220 includes two symmetrically arranged conductors 221. The two feed baluns 220 include four conductors 221. The four conductors 221 are connected one-to-one with four feed arms 210 to form an integrated structure, ensuring impedance matching and balanced transmission of the signal during transmission.

[0058] A gap exists between the four conductors 221, and two feed lines 230 are respectively disposed in the gaps. Each feed line 230 and a feed balun 220 form an air microstrip line structure. The air microstrip line structure reduces dielectric loss and improves signal transmission efficiency. The feed lines 230 are electrically connected to the ports of the reflector 600 for signal transmission.

[0059] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, there are eight feed arms 210, with each coupling arm 120 corresponding to two feed arms 210. Providing signals to each coupling arm 120 through the two feed arms 210 significantly enhances signal transmission capability and improves signal stability and reliability. Each coupling arm 120 partially overlaps with the two feed arms 210 to form a parallel plate capacitor, achieving signal coupling, transmission, and low-frequency signal filtering.

[0060] Furthermore, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the power supply structure 200 also includes two power supply baluns 220 and two feed lines 230. Each power supply balun 220 includes four conductors 221 arranged symmetrically. The eight conductors 221 are connected one-to-one with the eight power supply arms 210 to form an integrated structure. Each feed line 230 forms a strip line structure with a corresponding power supply balun 220. The power supply balun 220 also includes at least one balun grounding part 222.

[0061] In this embodiment, the feed line 230 is disposed between the conductors 221 of the feed balun 220. The feed line 230 and the conductors 221 of the feed balun 220 form a stripline transmission structure. Compared with the radiating unit of the PCB, the feed structure of this embodiment adopts an air stripline form, which reduces the relative dielectric loss and has lower loss.

[0062] It should be noted that the oscillator structure 100 of this application can be applied not only to the feed structure 200 of air microstrip lines and air strip lines, but also to other forms of feed structure 200.

[0063] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the radiating unit also includes at least one parasitic plate 300 and at least one director plate 400, which are respectively coupled and disposed above the radiating arm 110 to assist in unit matching. The parasitic plate 300 is not limited to one layer, but can be multiple layers, or can be integrated with the help of a dielectric substrate; the director plate 400 is also limited to one piece, but can be multiple pieces.

[0064] This application also provides an embodiment of an antenna, including the radiating element described in any of the above embodiments. When the antenna is a multi-frequency antenna, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the antenna array comprises at least two frequency bands of radiating elements, which together form an antenna array. The first frequency band radiating element 510 is the radiating element (high-frequency radiating element) described in the above embodiment, and the second frequency band radiating element 520 is a low-frequency radiating element. When multiple columns of high-frequency arrays are placed within the same size, the miniaturization of the first frequency band radiating element 510 increases the spacing between the columns of the high-frequency array, thereby reducing the mutual interference between the columns.

[0065] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0066] It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A radiating unit, characterized in that, include: The oscillator structure includes two dipoles arranged orthogonally with polarization. Each dipole includes two symmetrically arranged radiating arms and two symmetrically arranged coupling arms. The two dipoles are arranged around a central point to form a central through hole. The coupling arm is connected to the end of the radiating arm near the central through hole, and the coupling arm is arranged approximately perpendicular to the radiating arm. A power supply structure is disposed below the oscillator structure. The power supply structure includes multiple power supply arms, each of which passes through the central through hole and partially overlaps with the corresponding coupling arm to form a parallel plate capacitor.

2. A radiating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The four radiating arms are connected end to end along the circumference to form a shared radiating arm.

3. A radiating unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The radiation common arm is provided with a drainage groove on both sides of each of the coupling arms.

4. A radiating unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, At least one edge of the radiation common arm is bent downward to form a bend.

5. A radiating element according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The number of power feeding arms is four, and the four power feeding arms are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the four coupling arms.

6. A radiating unit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The power supply structure also includes two power supply baluns and two feed lines. Each power supply balun includes two symmetrically arranged conductors. The four conductors are connected one-to-one with the four power supply arms to form an integrated structure. Each feed line and a corresponding power supply balun form a microstrip line structure.

7. A radiating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of power supply arms is eight, and each coupling arm is configured to correspond to two power supply arms.

8. A radiating unit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The power supply structure also includes two power supply baluns and two feed lines. Each power supply balun includes four conductors arranged symmetrically. The eight conductors are connected one-to-one with the eight power supply arms to form an integrated structure. Each feed line forms a strip line structure with a corresponding power supply balun.

9. A radiating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes at least one parasitic plate and at least one guiding plate, wherein at least one parasitic plate and at least one guiding plate are respectively coupled and disposed above the radiating arm.

10. An antenna, characterized in that, Includes the radiating unit as described in any one of claims 1-9.

Images