Method for generating reference information of an eye, in particular an optically displayed reference rhexis, and ophthalmic surgical device

Abstract

Method for generating reference information of an eye (2), wherein at least one piece of characterization information, by which a rhexis size and / or a rhexis position of a potential actual rhexis (35) on an anterior capsular bag wall (22) of the eye (2) is characterized, is input into an input unit (25) of an ophthalmic surgical device (24), and depending on the characterization information, a reference rhexis (32) is determined as at least one component of the reference information of the eye (2) by an evaluation unit (26) of the ophthalmic surgical device (24), wherein the determined reference rhexis (32) is optically displayed by an optical display unit (27) of the ophthalmic surgical device (24), characterized in that during a surgical procedure, the movement of a mechanical tearing tool (33), which is used to tear open the anterior capsular bag wall (22),is detected with at least one detection device (29) of the ophthalmic surgical device (24) and / or a previously generated tear line of the performed actual rhexis (35) is detected and / or a future tear line of the actual rhexis (35) is determined, wherein, depending on at least one of these intervention information items, a deviation of the actual rhexis (35) that has already occurred from the determined and optically displayed reference rhexis (32) is determined and / or a deviation of the actual rhexis (35) that may occur in the future from the determined and optically displayed reference rhexis (32) is determined.

Description

Technical area

[0001] One aspect of the invention relates to a method for generating reference information about an eye. Another aspect of the invention relates to an ophthalmic surgical device. State of the art

[0002] During ophthalmic surgical procedures, such as the removal of a natural lens from the eye and its replacement with an implanted intraocular lens, the natural lens is removed from the capsular bag. This requires opening the capsular bag. It is common practice in this context to create an opening in the anterior wall of the capsular bag to remove the natural lens.

[0003] In this context, it is known to open the capsular bag at its anterior capsular bag wall, for example by exposure to laser radiation, thereby creating a hole in this anterior capsular bag wall.

[0004] In contrast to such procedures, mechanical tearing tools such as needles or forceps are known. These tools are inserted through an incision in the cornea previously created with a surgical knife. These mechanical tearing tools tear the anterior capsular bag wall open through direct impact. This also creates a corresponding opening in the anterior capsular bag wall, allowing the natural lens to be removed from the capsular bag. Removal of the natural lens can be performed, for example, using phacoemulsification.

[0005] These mechanical cracking tools are more widely used than non-mechanical cracking tools, such as lasers, particularly for cost reasons.

[0006] However, these mechanical tearing tools can be prone to inaccurate tear formation. This can result from the surgeon's handling of the mechanical tearing tool, which creates an inaccurate rhexis on the anterior capsular bag wall. This can result in inaccurate and undesirable directions of the rhexis and / or undesirably large or undesirably narrow openings on the anterior capsular bag wall. If such disadvantages occur and rhexis sections extend to the peripheral edge of the anterior capsular bag wall, a disadvantage can arise in that the subsequently implanted intraocular lens can no longer be held securely and reliably in the capsular bag.In isolated cases (typically ~1%), the anterior capsular bag may even tear to such an extent that an intraocular lens can no longer be secured, resulting in additional surgical effort and a higher risk of further complications. Although these disadvantages are common with mechanical tearing tools, these tools are widely used in medical procedures due to their low cost and relatively rapid creation of an opening in the anterior capsular bag wall.

[0007] US 2004 / 0102799 A1 discloses a method and a surgical microscope for cataract surgery. Furthermore, US 2011 / 0019150 A1 discloses an ophthalmic surgical visualization system. Furthermore, DE 10 2009 053 208 A1 discloses a device for monitoring the implantation of an intracular lens. Description of the invention

[0008] It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an ophthalmic surgical device with which reference information for an eye can be provided, in particular in order to be able to perform a rhexis on the capsular bag with a mechanical tearing tool more accurately and safely.

[0009] This object is achieved by a method and an ophthalmic surgical device according to the independent claims.

[0010] One aspect of the invention relates to a method for generating reference information about an eye. In particular, this reference information can be used during a surgical procedure on the eye. For example, a surgical procedure can be supported by this reference information, and the surgical procedure on the eye can thus be performed more effectively, in particular more accurately.

[0011] In the method, at least one piece of characterization information is entered into an input unit of an ophthalmic surgical device. The characterization information characterizes a rhexis size and / or a rhexis position of a potential and desired actual rhexis on an anterior capsular bag wall of the eye. Depending on the characterization information, a fictitious reference rhexis is determined as at least one component of the reference information of the eye by an evaluation unit of the ophthalmic surgical device. The reference rhexis can be the reference information. It can also be the case that, in addition to the reference rhexis, further information is present, which together with the reference rhexis forms the reference information. The determined reference rhexis is optically displayed by an optical display unit of the ophthalmic surgical device.Using such a method, information about a favorable rhexis, such as should be created on the anterior capsular bag wall during an eye surgery, is determined by the ophthalmic surgical device. Therefore, a theoretical reference rhexis is initially determined independently of any subsequent actual surgical procedure. In particular, the reference rhexis is determined for an individual eye, so that the ophthalmic surgical device also enables the individual determination of the reference rhexis for each eye. The surgeon is thus provided with the best possible and desired reference rhexis in advance, independent of any actual surgical procedure, and in a particularly advantageous manner, this reference rhexis is then also displayed visually. This allows the surgeon to visually perceive the determined reference rhexis and assess it for themselves.In addition, this optical display of the specific theoretical reference rhexis also improves the surgeon's ability to visualize.

[0012] By entering a rhexis size and / or rhexis position as characterization information, particularly by medical personnel, especially the surgeon, essential initial parameters can be specified. This type of characterization information makes it possible to generate a particularly realistic reference rhexis, making it suitable for use, for example, in a real surgical procedure or in a simulated surgical procedure for a specific eye.

[0013] The procedure also makes it possible to visually provide reference information, namely the reference rhexis. This allows it to be used as needed during a surgical procedure. This also means that it can be made available to a surgeon as information at specific phases of the procedure. This can be used in parallel during the surgical procedure to monitor the surgical procedure. This improves the surgical outcome, or a surgical procedure can be corrected even during the procedure.This generation and provision of the reference rhexis is particularly advantageous, however, even independent of the actual surgical procedure. This reference rhexis is available prior to the surgical procedure. The surgeon can determine, independently of the actual surgical procedure and especially prior to the actual surgical procedure, whether this reference rhexis is suitable and, if applicable, meets the requirements for the eye to be operated on. Furthermore, the method can also be used for test situations or simulations, or for training purposes on dummy eyes, for example, to improve the training of medical professionals.In particular, the method also makes it possible to learn how an actual rhexis can be performed on an anterior capsular bag wall without performing an actual surgical procedure, in order to be able to create a particularly precise, desired and needs-based opening in the anterior capsular bag wall using such a mechanical tear tool.

[0014] In this context, as already indicated above, the visual representation of this reference rhexis contributes significantly to a better understanding of the location and / or size of a rhexis and thus, in conjunction with the individual eye for which this reference rhexis is intended, enables a better visual understanding of where this reference rhexis might be located and how it might actually develop in the anterior capsular bag wall. The reference rhexis is displayed primarily in the spectral range visible to humans.

[0015] The reference rhexis is, in particular, an optical aid element, in particular an aid line, for a surgical procedure on the capsular bag. In particular, the reference rhexis is a visually displayed surgical aid, in particular an optically displayed surgical aid line. In particular, a surgical aid line along which an actual rhexis is to be performed in the anterior capsular bag wall to create a hole as an opening in the anterior capsular bag wall.

[0016] The reference rhexis represents the area of ​​the anterior capsular bag wall that should preferably be torn open. The actual rhexis is the area of ​​the anterior capsular bag wall that is torn open. This creates a tear or tear line in the anterior capsular bag wall, which forms the boundary of the actual rhexis.

[0017] In an advantageous embodiment, the reference rhexis is optically displayed in an eyepiece of a surgical microscope of the ophthalmic surgical device. This surgical microscope can, for example, be a pair of glasses that the surgeon can wear. This is a particularly advantageous embodiment because the optically displayed reference rhexis is thus always in the surgeon's field of vision.

[0018] In addition to or instead of this, the reference rhexis may be visually displayed on a screen of the ophthalmic surgical device. This screen may be separate from a surgical microscope.

[0019] Advantageously, a rhexis line, in particular a continuous rhexis line, is determined and visually displayed as the reference rhexis. A rhexis line can be a non-closed line and, for example, at least a line segment or a line section of a closed line, for example, a circular line. This rhexis line can preferably be a circular line. This configuration thus optically determines and displays precisely the path along which the anterior capsular bag wall is to be torn open in order to create the opening in the anterior capsular bag wall.

[0020] By using a line, a larger area is not visually displayed, which would, for example, completely cover other areas. By displaying only one line in this context, it is also avoided that other information to be displayed by the display unit is not restricted or undesirably covered by a flat representation of the reference rhexis. A rhexis line is therefore a particularly advantageous embodiment of reference information that is visually displayed.

[0021] It can be provided that, in an embodiment in which a rhexis line is determined as reference information and visually displayed, this rhexis line is immediately displayed completely and in its entirety, for example as a completely connected circular line. However, it can also be provided that the rhexis line is determined in line segments and these line segments are displayed. This allows optical segmentation of the rhexis line. In particular, it can be provided that the line segments are displayed at which the actual rhexis advantageously begins. This advantageously also allows a surgeon to be given information independent of the actual surgical procedure, which tells them the best possible starting point or beginning where the actual rhexis should begin.It is also possible that with such a segmentation of a rhexis line, a line segment or a line section of the rhexis line is visually displayed that follows the point of rhexis onset in a clockwise direction and / or that line section or line segment is visually displayed that follows or adjoins the point of rhexis onset in a counterclockwise direction. This avoids a potentially situation-dependent overload of information for the surgeon and initially only displays those line segments that represent the reference at the start of an actual rhexis.

[0022] It is also possible to display individual additional segments chronologically, starting from such a representation of only line segments, following the already visually displayed line segments. This creates a visually dynamic display that also provides the surgeon with a dynamic impression of the progressive creation of the potential actual rhexis. Even with the simulated representation of dynamic rhexis formation across the entire tear line of the actual rhexis, medical personnel are visually presented with information independent of the actual eye surgery being performed.

[0023] It can also be provided that line segments of the visually displayed reference rhexis are hidden again if the tear line of an actual rhexis has already been created. This also means that during a surgical procedure, only those line segments are dynamically displayed or remain visually displayed over whose length the tear line of the actual rhexis has yet to be created. This removes the optical information that may no longer be in the foreground, so that the surgeon is not distracted.

[0024] In a further particularly advantageous embodiment, it is provided that when this reference information is generated, not only is the reference rhexis determined and displayed, but that the handling of the mechanical tearing tool by the ophthalmic surgical device is also determined and visually displayed on the display unit. In this context, it can be provided that the evaluation unit determines individual orientations and pulling directions of the mechanical tearing tool at least for certain critical points of the reference rhexis and that these are displayed on the optical display unit. The mechanical tearing tool can be displayed as a real object on the optical display unit or represented symbolically. For example, a symbolic representation can also be in the form of an arrow, which, in particular through the direction of the arrow, represents the pulling direction on the already torn flap of the anterior capsular bag wall.The display can also be dynamic, so that the direction of the arrow can change depending, for example, on the previous crack direction and / or the expected crack direction and / or the previous orientation of the cracking tool and / or the previous tensile force on the anterior capsular bag wall with the cracking tool. The shape and / or color of the symbol, in particular of the arrow, can also depend on previous and / or future processing situations. This means that critical crack conditions that have occurred and / or critical crack conditions that are expected can be displayed visually and / or acoustically to the surgeon, and the surgeon can react accordingly. In addition to or instead of this, a flashing of the symbol can, for example, visually indicate such a critical crack condition or an expected critical crack condition.This essentially determines the entire possible surgical procedure for the surgeon through the evaluation unit and, if desired, displays it in simulation. This means that, for example, the procedure can be suggested theoretically to the surgeon before a real or simulated surgical procedure on the eye. Based on the determined and visually displayed reference rhexis, the surgeon then knows how to react at potentially critical points during an actual operation or is already prepared for this. This improves the surgical procedure because the surgeon is already prepared for potential difficulties during the actual surgical procedure thanks to the theoretical and simulated formation of the reference rhexis and the creation of the opening.

[0025] In this context, it is also possible for such information about the temporal progression of the reference rhexis to be shown via a video on the optical display unit. It is also possible for support and / or auxiliary information to be shown on the optical display unit if there is a deviation between the actual or actual rhexis and the reference rhexis. This also allows auxiliary scenarios to be shown and trained for a surgeon, regardless of an actual surgical procedure to be performed, if deviations occur at specific points in the reference rhexis due to the actual rhexis. This also allows medical staff to be trained for specific situations, regardless of an actual procedure to be performed, and individual aspects can be shown and learned through simulation.

[0026] It is also possible for medical personnel to communicate with the ophthalmic surgical device so that specific situations can be requested. For example, it can be provided in this context that a surgeon can make changes once a specific reference rhexis has been determined by the evaluation unit and displayed on the optical display unit. For example, a surgeon or other medical personnel can mark specific points of this design of the reference rhexis on the optical display unit, which can generally also be designed as a touch-sensitive control panel, for example, or have other selection means. In particular, it is also possible for points to be marked on this optical display unit or for other lines to be drawn that represent a specific deviation from the course of the reference rhexis.This can then also provide information to the evaluation unit, allowing it to suggest courses of action, such as how the mechanical tearing tool should be handled in the event of such a deviation from the visually displayed reference rhexis during the actual surgical procedure. This also allows the surgeon or other medical personnel to consider and, for example, train for specific critical situations without an actual operation.

[0027] In an advantageous embodiment, an image of an eye, in particular an eye in which a rhexis is to be performed on the anterior capsular bag wall, is generated using an image generation unit of the ophthalmic surgical device. The determined reference rhexis is displayed as an optical overlay on this image. This allows for a particularly realistic representation of the position and size of the determined reference rhexis on the designated eye. This enables a particularly realistic representation. A surgeon thus receives a particularly realistic representation of the overall situation.

[0028] Advantageously, this image shows the anterior capsular bag wall, and the reference rhexis is superimposed on the location of the shown anterior capsular bag wall where the actual rhexis is to be created in the anterior capsular bag wall during surgery. This gives the surgeon, regardless of the actual surgical procedure, an overall impression of what the actual rhexis in the capsular bag will look like and whether this actually corresponds to their expectations and can be created accordingly. Depending on which type of intraocular lens is to be implanted in the capsular bag, the surgeon can then determine, regardless of surgical intervention, whether the opening created in the anterior capsular bag wall with the reference rhexis is actually suitable in terms of size and / or position.

[0029] It is provided that during a surgical procedure, the movement of a mechanical tearing tool used to tear open the anterior capsular bag is detected with a detection device of the ophthalmic surgical device and / or a previously performed tear line of the actual rhexis performed is detected and / or a future tear line of the actual rhexis is determined. Depending on at least one of these intervention information items, a previously occurred deviation of the actual rhexis from the determined and visually displayed reference rhexis is determined and / or a possible future deviation of the actual rhexis from the determined and visually displayed reference rhexis is determined or estimated.

[0030] This is a further advantageous embodiment, as it allows correction or interruption of a surgical procedure already underway, allowing testing independently of the surgical procedure to determine the extent to which the previous surgical result is desired or a suitable starting point for a subsequent continuation of the surgical procedure. However, it can also be provided that this advantageous embodiment is actually carried out during the surgical procedure and thus during the dynamic creation of the actual rhexis in the anterior capsular bag wall using the mechanical tear tool. This allows constant, particularly permanent and continuous, testing during the surgical procedure to determine whether the dynamic tear formation in the anterior capsular bag wall corresponds to the determined and visually displayed reference rhexis.

[0031] This makes it possible to compare the actual tear formation and thus the actual rhexis on the anterior capsular bag wall with the theoretically determined new rhexis, namely the reference rhexis, both during the surgical procedure. Alternatively, it is also possible to interrupt the operation and perform this analysis during this interruption. In this case, only the result of the already completed surgical procedure is evaluated.

[0032] In an advantageous embodiment, if a deviation exceeds a tolerance value, a warning signal is generated, for example, visually visible and thus visual or acoustic. This also trains or educates the surgeon to quickly recognize what could be critical deviations and how to respond to them. This has advantages during a real surgical procedure, as the surgeon has already developed a feeling for what could be critical deviations and how to respond to them independently, particularly through the training scenarios with the evaluation unit.

[0033] In addition to or instead of this, it can be provided that, in the event of a deviation greater than a tolerance value, the color of the displayed reference rhexis is changed at least in the length range in which the deviation has occurred or could occur. This provides a visual indication of this potentially undesirable deviation in addition to or instead of an acoustic warning.

[0034] In addition to or instead of this, the reference rhexis can be displayed flashing, at least in the length range where the deviation has occurred or could occur. This also creates awareness to prevent or address undesirable conditions.

[0035] Preferably, it is provided that in the event of a deviation greater than a tolerance value, a preferred movement of the tearing tool for further tearing is determined and visually displayed on the display unit.

[0036] In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the rhexis size, for example, a diameter of the area removed from the anterior capsular bag wall by the rhexis line, is entered as characterization information. Additionally or instead of this, a reference location or a reference point to which the rhexis should be centered can be specified as the rhexis position. For example, a center point of the rhexis, which is formed as a circular line, can be specified here, which is centered, for example, on a pupil of the eye.

[0037] In an advantageous embodiment, not just one image, but multiple images of the eye are generated and provided, allowing the eye to be recognized from different positions. This allows an even more precise position of the reference rhexis to be displayed and recognized.

[0038] During an actual surgical procedure, images can advantageously be taken and evaluated at specific times or continuously. This allows more precise information to be identified about a possible deviation between a reference rhexis and the actual rhexis. For example, an intersection point between an already torn capsular bag and an edge of the reference rhexis can be more easily identified. In particular, the dynamic movement and / or position of a tearing tool can then be better detected and evaluated. The shape of the already formed actual rhexis can also be better identified, particularly due to the different perspectives provided by the different images.

[0039] Preferably, the ophthalmic surgical device also has more than two detection devices arranged at different positions and allowing images of the eye to be captured from different perspectives. This also allows the evaluation unit to provide an improved assessment of the future course of the current rhexis.

[0040] Advantageously, the reference rhexis can be displayed two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally. In particular, an image of the eye, on which the reference rhexis is then advantageously displayed, particularly superimposed, can be both two-dimensional and three-dimensional.

[0041] Since the real or natural capsular bag is suspended around its periphery by zonular fibers, which exhibit a certain degree of elasticity, the eyeball and the capsular bag within it move in the direction in which the force is exerted on the capsular bag by the mechanical tearing tool. For a more precise evaluation, it is advantageous to align the recorded images of the eye with a reference of the eye, such as the pupil. This allows the dynamic movement, or the relative movement between individual parts of the eye, to be evaluated. This, in turn, has advantages for determining the actual rhexis and for determining the deviation of the actual rhexis from the reference rhexis.

[0042] In particular, this information on relative movements and / or deformations of parts of the eye during mechanical action with the mechanical tearing tool also makes it possible to adapt the determined and visually displayed reference rhexis accordingly. In particular, an adjustment of the reference rhexis, particularly a dynamically displayed one, is based on a change in shape caused by this force on the capsular bag and / or the direction of the change in shape. In this context, the dynamically changed shape of the reference rhexis can then be determined and also visually displayed.

[0043] Another reference to which the capsular bag can move during an intervention with the mechanical tearing tool can be, for example, at least one blood vessel of the sclera instead of the pupil.

[0044] To better account for the nearly spherical shape of the capsular bag, it is also possible to take into account the spatial position and movement of the actual crack and the tip of the mechanical cracking tool, particularly through a three-dimensional optical recording system and thus a three-dimensionally generated image. This ensures the accuracy of the analysis, especially regarding any possible deviation between the actual crack and the determined and visually displayed reference crack.

[0045] One aspect of the invention relates to a method for generating medical information, auxiliary information, in particular surgical auxiliary information. The auxiliary information is formed by at least one reference rhexis, as generated by the above-mentioned method. In particular, the auxiliary information is formed by the reference rhexis and in particular by at least one image onto which the reference rhexis is superimposed, at least in part, in particular superimposed with precise location. The auxiliary information can be reference information of the eye. In the image, which can be a recorded image, for example from an image generation unit or an image from a microscope, at least a partial region of an eye, in particular an anterior capsular bag wall, is displayed. The reference rhexis is displayed superimposed with precise location on this capsular bag wall at the point at which an actual rhexis is to be generated in the capsular bag wall.The actual rhexis should be created, in particular, along the reference rhexis indicated as the rhexis line. In particular, this auxiliary information can be provided in a method for performing a surgical procedure on an eye, in particular on a capsular bag of an eye, which relates to a further aspect of the invention. The auxiliary information is displayed visually, in particular, on the anterior capsular bag wall. Using a mechanical tearing tool, the anterior capsular bag wall is torn open, and the course of the rhexis is created taking the reference rhexis into account, in particular, as best as possible along the reference rhexis.

[0046] A further aspect of the invention relates to an ophthalmic surgical device comprising an input unit, an evaluation unit, and an optical display unit. The device is designed to perform a method according to the above-mentioned aspect or an advantageous embodiment thereof. In particular, this method is performed by the device.

[0047] Further features of the invention emerge from the claims, the figures and the description of the figures. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description, as well as the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the respective combination specified, but also in other combinations without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, embodiments are to be regarded as encompassed and disclosed by the invention that are not explicitly shown and explained in the figures, but which emerge and can be produced by separate combinations of features from the explained embodiments. Embodiments and combinations of features are also to be regarded as disclosed that therefore do not have all the features of an originally formulated independent claim.Furthermore, embodiments and combinations of features are to be regarded as disclosed, in particular by the embodiments set out above, which go beyond or deviate from the combinations of features set out in the reliances of the claims.

[0048] The concrete values ​​of parameters and information on ratios of parameters or parameter values ​​for defining embodiments of the device given in the documents are to be considered as being included in the scope of the invention, even in the case of deviations, for example due to measurement errors, system errors, DIN tolerances, etc., which also includes explanations that refer to essentially corresponding values ​​and information. Short description of the drawings

[0049] Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to schematic drawings. They show: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of an ophthalmic surgical system with an embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical device; Fig. 2 a simplified representation of an image in a top view of an eye and a reference rhexis optically superimposed on the eye; and Fig. 3a to 3e show respective top views of an eye in different states of an anterior capsular bag wall before and during the performance of a rhexis. Preferred embodiments of the invention

[0050] In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols.

[0051] In Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an ophthalmic microsurgical system or an ophthalmic surgical system 1 for phaco-surgery on an eye 2. The representation according to Fig. 1 symbolically shows some components of System 1 for the simplified explanation of the general principle of operation of System 1.

[0052] The system 1 comprises a device unit 3, which can be, for example, a trolley or the like. An operating unit 4 is preferably arranged in or on the device unit 3. This operating unit 4 can, for example, comprise a user interface, an input unit such as a keyboard or the like, and a display unit such as a monitor or a display. Furthermore, a fluidic system 5 is preferably arranged in the device unit 3, which comprises a pump and a control unit for controlling the pump and connected components. The fluidic system 5 comprises an irrigation device 6 with an irrigation branch and an aspiration device 7 with an aspiration branch. The irrigation device 6 comprises a container 8 for rinsing fluid, for example, a BSS solution, which is an irrigation fluid, which is directed to a phaco handpiece. The phaco handpiece is an ophthalmic surgical handpiece 9.It is, in particular, a component of the ophthalmic surgical system 1. The aspiration device 7 is also connected to the ophthalmic surgical handpiece 9. Furthermore, the device unit 3 comprises, in particular, an ultrasound unit 10, which is designed to excite the oscillation of a piezoelectric element 11 in the ophthalmic surgical handpiece 9, by which piezoelectric element 11 a hollow needle 12 of the ophthalmic surgical handpiece 9 is excited to oscillate. The device unit 3 further comprises, in particular, a control unit 13. The control unit 13 can also be designed to control a vitrectomy handpiece 14, which can, in particular, be a component of the ophthalmic surgical system 1. The vitrectomy handpiece 14 is preferably also connected to the fluidic system 5, in particular via an aspiration line 15.Furthermore, a further control unit 16 can be provided, which controls a preferably present further surgical instrument 17, for example, for diathermy. Furthermore, the system 1, and in particular the device unit 3, can comprise further modules and control units as well as systems, which are symbolically represented by the unit 18. This also includes further internal units and peripheral devices. The ophthalmic surgical system 1 preferably furthermore has a foot control panel 19, which is connected to the device unit 3, in particular to communication devices and control units of the device unit 3.

[0053] The eye 2 can be a real, living eye. It has a natural lens 20 arranged in a capsular bag 21. The capsular bag 21 has an anterior capsular bag wall 22 and a posterior capsular bag wall 23. The eye 2 can be a real eye of a human or an animal. However, it can also be a dummy eye. In this embodiment, it can be taken from a dead living being and be a dummy eye made of biological material. However, the dummy eye can also be artificially produced, for example, and be formed at least partially from plastic, for example. However, it can also be an eye only simulated on a screen. In this embodiment, the eye 2 can be displayed 2-dimensionally or 3-dimensionally. The dummy eyes or the simulated eye also have the usual components, in particular a lens 20 and a capsular bag 21.

[0054] In Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an ophthalmic surgical device 24. The ophthalmic surgical device 24 can be a component of the ophthalmic surgical system 1. However, the ophthalmic surgical device 24 can also be a separate device. It can be used in an actual surgical procedure on a real eye 2, as well as for training or educational purposes for medical personnel, for example. The device 24 can also be used as a separate unit without the system 1, particularly for training or educational purposes.

[0055] The ophthalmic surgical device 24 has at least one input unit 25. This can be a keyboard. However, it can also be a touch-sensitive input field. However, the input unit 25 can also be configured for voice input in addition to or instead of voice input.

[0056] The ophthalmic surgical device 24 preferably has an evaluation unit 26. The evaluation unit 26 is particularly also designed to evaluate the information input via the input unit 25. The ophthalmic surgical device 24 preferably has an optical display unit 27. This optical display unit 27 can be a separate screen. However, the optical display unit 27 can also be part of a surgical microscope 28, for example.

[0057] The ophthalmic surgical device 24 preferably has at least one detection device 29. The detection device 29 can, for example, be an image generation unit, such as a camera. In particular, this image generation unit is sensitive in the spectral range visible to humans.

[0058] In addition to the aforementioned uses, the device 24 can also be designed purely as an analysis device. With such a design, theoretically simulated experiments or ideas developed by medical personnel for producing the best possible rhexis can be tested and analyzed. In addition to this design as a test device, the device 24 can also be used as an analysis device. With such a design, surgical results from a completed real operation can also be subsequently evaluated and analyzed.

[0059] A method for generating reference information about an eye can be carried out using the ophthalmic surgical device 24. In particular, this method is carried out using the ophthalmic surgical device 24. The ophthalmic surgical device 24 is further configured to provide this generated reference information about an eye. In particular, this enables this reference information to also be provided during a real operation and thus during a real surgical procedure on the eye 2. To generate the at least one piece of reference information about an eye, at least one piece of characterization information is entered into the input unit 25. An input can be made manually, for example, by medical personnel, in particular a surgeon. In this context, specific values ​​of the characterization information can be entered into the input unit 25.An input can also be made in such a way that values ​​of at least one characterization information stored in the input unit 25 are offered in the input unit 25 and then, for example, a desired value is selected by the medical personnel.

[0060] In particular, a rhexis size and / or a rhexis position of a potential rhexis are entered into the input unit 25 as characterization information. For example, a shape of the rhexis and a geometric parameter, such as a radius or a diameter, can be entered as the rhexis size. The position of the potential actual rhexis relative to a reference point in the eye can be entered as the rhexis position. In particular, in this context, information regarding which the actual rhexis should be centered can be entered as the rhexis position. For example, a center point of the geometry of the potential actual rhexis can be entered, particularly in relation to another component of the eye, such as a pupil and / or a blood vessel of the sclera.

[0061] Depending on this at least one piece of characterization information, a theoretical reference rhexis is determined as reference information of the eye by the evaluation unit 26. This determined reference rhexis is visually displayed by the optical display unit 27.

[0062] Preferably, the at least one detection device 29 captures a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image of the eye, which may be an artificial dummy eye or a real dummy eye, for example, taken from a dead living being, or a real eye 2. It may be provided that multiple detection devices 29 are provided, each of which captures at least one image of this eye, so that multiple images from different perspectives of the respective eye can be available.

[0063] In particular, the determined reference rhexis is also visually displayed as an overlay on the image, in particular superimposed on the anterior capsular bag wall 22 shown in the image. As a reference rhexis, in particular, a rhexis line is generated and visually displayed. This rhexis line can preferably be a continuous line, in particular a circular line.

[0064] In this context, Fig. 2 shows a schematic exemplary representation of an image 30. At least a partial region of an eye, for example, eye 2, is shown in the image 30. In particular, the capsular bag 21 with the anterior capsular bag wall 22 is shown here. Zonular fibers 31 are also symbolically represented. Furthermore, the lens 20 can be seen. A complete reference rhexis 32 is optically displayed as a rhexis line and is shown superimposed on the anterior capsular bag wall 22. This image 30 can be displayed on an external screen or in an eyepiece of a surgical microscope 28.

[0065] In Fig. Figure 3a shows a schematic and simplified representation of a capsular bag 21 of an eye, for example, the real eye 2. To remove the lens 20 from the capsular bag 21, particularly during a real surgical procedure on the real eye 2, as shown in Fig. 3b, the anterior capsular bag wall 22 is contacted and torn open with a mechanical tearing tool 33. This tearing tool 33 can be a needle or tweezers. In particular, in this context, this tearing tool 33 is introduced through an incision in the cornea up to the capsular bag 21 and there, by directly contacting and tearing open the anterior capsular bag wall 22, the actual rhexis is created. The actual rhexis is the area of ​​the anterior capsular bag wall 22 that is torn open. It is delimited by a tear line. In particular, it is provided here that the reference rhexis 32 is visually displayed as an overlay with the tearing tool 33 before the start of the actual rhexis. This reference rhexis 32 is thus shown in image 30, as already Fig. 2, is displayed in a positionally accurate manner perceptibly for medical personnel. This reference rhexis 32 visually represents the tear line that should actually be created in the anterior capsular bag wall 22 when performing the actual rhexis. If this actual rhexis is performed in the area of ​​this reference rhexis 32, in particular as congruent as possible, as shown in Fig. 3c, the predefined and defined opening 34 is created in the anterior capsular bag wall 22. Through this opening 34, the lens 20, especially in a crushed state, can then be removed and an intraocular lens implanted into the capsular bag 21. In particular, the tear line of the actual rhexis should be along the reference line of the reference rhexis 32. Fig. 3b, the hatched area 36 represents that portion of the entire opening 34 that has already been created and over which the torn anterior capsular bag wall 22 has been pulled away with the tearing tool 33. In the hatched area 36, ​​the interior of the capsular bag 21 and thus the lens 20 are already exposed. This also applies to the other Fig. 3c to 3e, where Fig. 3c shows the completely created opening 34.

[0066] The representation in Fig. 3d shows in contrast to Fig. 3b shows a situation in which the actual rhexis 35 deviates from the reference rhexis 32, in particular in that it is torn towards a peripheral edge of the capsular bag 21 and towards the zonular fibers 31. Such a configuration is undesirable and can be avoided by generating and visually displaying the reference rhexis 32. Thus, a situation in which a tear extends too close to the peripheral edge of the capsular bag 21, as shown in Fig. 3d, can be avoided by the method mentioned, since such faulty cracks are detected early and avoided.

[0067] On the other hand, as in Fig.3e, only a slight deviation has occurred between the visually displayed reference rhexis 32 and the actual actual rhexis 35, this can be monitored and detected by the ophthalmic surgical device 24. If this deviation is greater than a threshold value, an acoustic and / or visual indication can be issued to the medically responsible person, for example, and / or the color of the displayed reference rhexis 32 can be changed, in particular in the current length section of the reference rhexis formed as a line, and / or the reference rhexis 32 can be displayed flashing, at least in the length section in which the deviation occurred. This can also be determined for a future length section of the actual rhexis 35, and accordingly, the color of the reference rhexis 32 can then also be changed in a further length section and / or, for example, displayed flashing.Therefore, it is also possible to provide medical personnel with predictive visual information about how the actual rhexis 35 will subsequently appear when the tear tool 33 is used, for example, based on the current orientation and / or movement and / or direction of movement on the anterior capsular bag wall 22 and / or this predictive assessment can be made based on the previous course of the actual rhexis 35.

[0068] In addition to the reference rhexis 32, information can also be displayed on the display unit 27, in particular visually and symbolically, for example also by means of an avatar, as to how the crack tool 33 should be oriented and / or held during the further generation of the actual rhexis 35 and / or in which direction it should be moved in order to be as close as possible to the reference rhexis 21.

[0069] It can be provided that, during the creation of the actual rhexis 35, a continuous detection of the eye 2 is carried out by the at least one detection device 29, and the corresponding image information is evaluated via the evaluation unit 26. This allows information about the direction and speed of the cut already made or of the actual rhexis 35, as well as the future orientation or course of the actual rhexis 35 to be determined based on different perspectives in these images. For example, this can be done based on the intersection point of a tear line of an already torn-off part of the anterior capsular bag wall 22 and an edge of the reference rhexis 32. This can also be done based on the position and / or orientation and / or direction of movement of the tearing tool 33.It is also possible for this determination to be made based on a course line of the actual rhexis 35 formed so far and / or the area and shape of the surface area of ​​the potential entire opening 34 already exposed by the actual rhexis 35 formed so far.

[0070] Since the capsular bag 21 hangs around its edge from the aforementioned zonular fibers 31 and is suspended there with a certain elasticity, the eyeball, with the capsular bag 21 contained therein, moves in the direction in which force is exerted. To improve the evaluation, it is possible for the images generated by the at least one detection device 29 to be aligned with at least one reference component of the eye 2, such as the pupil and / or the iris and / or at least one blood vessel of the sclera. It is also possible, in particular to form a three-dimensional imaging system by the detection device 29 in order to accommodate the essentially spherical shape of the capsular bag 21. This also allows the spatial position and the movement or the continuously generated course of the actual rhexis 35 and, in this context, the movement of the tip of the tearing tool 33 to be taken into account.This can improve accuracy.

Claims

[1] Method for generating reference information of an eye (2), wherein at least one piece of characterization information, by which a rhexis size and / or a rhexis position of a potential actual rhexis (35) on an anterior capsular bag wall (22) of the eye (2) is characterized, is input into an input unit (25) of an ophthalmic surgical device (24), and depending on the characterization information, a reference rhexis (32) is determined as at least one component of the reference information of the eye (2) by an evaluation unit (26) of the ophthalmic surgical device (24), wherein the determined reference rhexis (32) is optically displayed by an optical display unit (27) of the ophthalmic surgical device (24), characterized bythat during a surgical intervention, the movement of a mechanical tearing tool (33) which is used to tear open the anterior capsular bag wall (22) is detected with at least one detection device (29) of the ophthalmic surgical device (24) and / or a previously generated tear line of the actual rhexis (35) performed is detected and / or a future tear line of the actual rhexis (35) is determined, wherein, depending on at least one of these items of intervention information, a deviation that has already occurred between the actual rhexis (35) and the determined and optically displayed reference rhexis (32) is determined and / or a deviation that may occur in the future between the actual rhexis (35) and the determined and optically displayed reference rhexis (32) is determined. [2] Method according to claim 1, characterized by that the reference rhexis (32) is optically displayed in an eyepiece of a surgical microscope (28) of the ophthalmic surgical device (24). [3] Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the reference rhexis (32) is optically displayed on a screen of the ophthalmic surgical device (24). [4] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that at least one rhexis line, in particular a continuous rhexis line, in particular a circular line, is optically displayed as the reference rhexis (32). [5] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that at least one image (30) of the eye (2) is generated with at least one detection device (29) of the ophthalmic surgical device (24) and the reference rhexis (32) is displayed as an optical overlay on the image (30). [6] Method according to claim 5, characterized bythat at least the anterior capsular bag wall (22) is shown on the image (30) and the reference rhexis (32) is shown superimposed at the location of the shown anterior capsular bag wall (22) at which the actual rhexis (35) in the natural anterior capsular bag wall (22) is to take place during a surgical procedure on the eye (2). [7] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that in the event of a deviation greater than a tolerance value, a warning is generated and / or the color of the displayed reference rhexis (32) is changed at least in the length range in which the deviation has occurred or could occur, and / or the reference rhexis (32) is displayed flashing at least in the length range in which the deviation has occurred or could occur. [8] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat in the case of a deviation greater than a tolerance value, a preferred movement of the mechanical tearing tool (33) during further tearing is determined and is visually displayed on the display unit (27). [9] Ophthalmic surgical device (24), comprising an input unit (25) and an evaluation unit (26) and an optical display unit (27), wherein the device (24) is designed to carry out a method according to one of the preceding claims.

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