Disaster prevention system and disaster prevention terminal device

Abstract

To enable optical transmission suitable for a P-type system that transmits a signal corresponding to the on / off of an operation switch.SOLUTION: A disaster prevention system configures a loop optical transmission line in which a path from a host device 10, via a disaster prevention terminal device 16, to an optical terminal portion 18 with a predetermined attenuation amount set is connected by a downlink optical transmission line 12 and an uplink optical transmission line 14. The disaster prevention terminal device 16 comprises an operation switch 28 that is actuated by a predetermined operation, and an optical transmission unit that switches the optical path of an optical signal so that an optical signal output from the host device 10 to the downlink optical transmission line 12 is bypassed to the uplink optical transmission line 14 midway along the downlink optical transmission line 12 without passing through the optical terminal portion 18 when the operation switch 28 is actuated. The host device 10 determines the actuation of the operation switch 28 based on changes in the optical signal output to the downlink optical transmission line 12 and input from the uplink optical transmission line 14, and performs predetermined receiving processing.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a disaster prevention system and a disaster prevention terminal device for monitoring a disaster prevention terminal device equipped with an operation switch using an optical transmission line.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, emergency facilities have been installed in tunnels on expressways and motorways to protect people and vehicles from fire accidents occurring in the monitoring area.

[0003] In conventional emergency facilities, devices such as fire hydrant devices are connected to a transmission line made of metal wiring such as a signal line cable drawn out from a disaster prevention receiving panel. A transmission line made of metal wiring is easily affected by electrical noise, and also, as the transmission distance becomes longer, the signal attenuation becomes larger, so a relay amplifier panel is installed every predetermined distance. Furthermore, as the usage period becomes longer, the electrical characteristics may deteriorate due to insulation degradation or the like, causing a communication failure.

[0004] In order to solve such problems, emergency facilities using an optical transmission line such as an optical fiber cable as a transmission line have been proposed (Patent Document 1).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] However, in the emergency facilities using conventional optical transmission lines, bit code signals corresponding to the on state of devices connected to the transmission line, such as the transmitter of a fire hydrant device or the operation switch provided on a pump starting device, and bit code signals corresponding to the off state are transmitted to a disaster prevention receiving panel by, for example, IP communication (Internet Protocol communication) using the optical transmission line to perform fire alarm and pump start control as a P-type system. Although the communication volume of the optical signals in the optical transmission line corresponding to the on and off states of the operation switch between the disaster prevention receiving panel and the devices is extremely small, a functional change is required to equip the disaster prevention receiving panel of the P-type system, which conventionally monitored the on / off signals of the transmitter and pump start switch by increasing and decreasing the current, with a communication function. As described above, the emergency facilities have an excessive communication function, and the construction of emergency facilities that perform optical communication commensurate with the information communicated between the disaster prevention receiving panel and the devices, such as the on and off states of the operation switch, remains an issue.

[0007] In addition, in the emergency facilities using the optical transmission line, since IP communication is performed between the disaster prevention receiving panel and the devices, it is necessary to convert the electrical signals corresponding to the on and off states of the operation switch in the devices into optical signals by the optical transmission unit and transmit them, resulting in a large consumption current and leaving the issue that the consumption current of the entire system increases.

[0008] An object of the present invention is to provide a disaster prevention system and a disaster prevention terminal device that enable optical transmission suitable for a P-type system that transmits signals corresponding to the on and off states of an operation switch.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0009] (Disaster Prevention System) The present invention is a disaster prevention system, By sequentially connecting a downstream optical transmission line and an upstream optical transmission line from a host device to a predetermined number of disaster prevention terminal devices, a loop optical transmission line is configured between the host device and an optical termination portion located at the end, A predetermined attenuation amount is set in the optical termination portion, The disaster prevention terminal device is, An operation switch that operates by a predetermined operation, An optical transmission unit that switches the optical path of an optical signal so that when the operation switch is activated, the optical signal output from the upper device to the downstream optical transmission path is bypassed to the upstream optical transmission path in the middle of the downstream optical transmission path without passing through the optical termination unit, Comprising The upper device determines the operation of the operation switch based on the attenuation amount or the change in the signal level (intensity) of the optical signal output to the downstream optical transmission path and input from the upstream optical transmission path, and performs a predetermined reception process.

[0010] (Configuration of the optical transmission unit) The optical transmission unit of the disaster prevention terminal device When the operation switch is not operating, it switches to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission path on the upper device side to the downstream optical transmission path on the optical termination unit side, and when the operation switch is operating, it switches to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission path on the upper device side to the bypass optical transmission path that bypasses to the upstream optical transmission path on the upper device side. An optical switch, An optical combiner that outputs the optical signal from the upstream optical transmission path on the optical termination unit side and the optical signal from the bypass optical transmission path to the upstream optical transmission path on the upper device side, Comprising

[0011] (Determination of operation and non-operation of the operation switch by the upper device) The upper device When the first optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission path is affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination unit, it is determined that the operation switch is not operating, When the second optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission path is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination unit, it is determined that the operation switch is operating.

[0012] (Power supply 1 of the control circuit unit) The control circuit unit including the operation switch for the optical transmission unit to switch the optical path operates by power supply through the electrical wiring connected from the upper device to the disaster prevention terminal device.

[0013] (Power supply 2 of the control circuit unit) The control circuit unit including an operation switch for the optical transmission unit to switch the optical path branches a part of the optical signal input to the downstream optical transmission line on the upper device side by an optical splitter, and operates with a power supply obtained by photoelectrically converting a part of the optical signal.

[0014] (Disaster prevention receiving panel and fire hydrant device) The upper device is a disaster prevention receiving panel, and the disaster prevention terminal device is a predetermined device provided in the fire hydrant device.

[0015] (Transmitter) The predetermined device provided in the fire hydrant device is a transmitter provided with a push switch that, when pressed, causes the optical transmission unit to switch the optical path so as to bypass the optical signal to the upstream optical transmission line in the middle of the downstream optical transmission line without passing through the optical termination part, and causes the disaster prevention receiving panel to receive an optical signal corresponding to a fire alarm signal.

[0016] (Pump starting device and pump starting interlocking device) The predetermined device provided in the fire hydrant device is a pump starting device provided with a push switch that, when pressed, causes the optical transmission unit to switch the optical path so as to bypass the optical signal to the upstream optical transmission line in the middle of the downstream optical transmission line without passing through the optical termination part, and causes the disaster prevention receiving panel to receive an optical signal corresponding to a pump starting signal, and a pump starting interlocking device provided with a push switch that is connected in parallel to the push switch of the pump starting device and, when detecting an opening operation of the fire hydrant valve, causes the optical transmission unit to switch the optical path so as to bypass the optical signal to the upstream optical transmission line in the middle of the downstream optical transmission line without passing through the optical termination part, and causes the disaster prevention receiving panel to receive an optical signal corresponding to a pump starting signal, and is as described above.

[0017] (Disaster prevention system with multiple operation switches provided in the disaster prevention terminal device) The disaster prevention terminal device includes a plurality of operation switches as operation switches and includes a plurality of optical transmission units corresponding to the plurality of operation switches as optical transmission units, and further An optical demultiplexer that separates an optical signal input from the downstream transmission path on the upper device side into optical signals of different wavelengths and outputs them to a plurality of optical transmission units; A first optical multiplexer that combines optical signals of different wavelengths output from a plurality of optical transmission units to the optical terminal side and outputs them to the downstream optical transmission path on the optical terminal side; A second optical multiplexer that combines an optical signal bypassed by any of the plurality of optical transmission units with an optical signal input from the upstream transmission path on the optical terminal side and outputs it to the upstream optical transmission path on the upper device side; Comprising; The upper device outputs an optical signal including different wavelengths to the downstream optical transmission path and receives an optical signal including different wavelengths from the upstream optical transmission path. Based on the attenuation amount or the change in the signal level of the optical signal of each wavelength included in the input optical signal of different wavelengths, the operation of each of the operation switches is determined, and predetermined reception processing is performed.

[0018] (Monitoring for disconnection of internal electrical wiring) Furthermore, by sequentially connecting the downstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring and the upstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring from the upper device to a predetermined number of disaster prevention terminal devices, a loop optical transmission path is configured between the upper device and the optical termination for disconnection monitoring located at the terminal. A predetermined attenuation amount is set in the optical termination for disconnection monitoring. The disaster prevention terminal device A disconnection detection circuit unit that detects a disconnection of the internal electrical wiring of a control circuit unit including an operation switch for the optical transmission unit to switch the optical path; When a disconnection is detected by the disconnection detection circuit unit, the optical signal output from the upper device to the downstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring is bypassed to the upstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring in the middle of the downstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring without passing through the optical termination for disconnection monitoring. An optical transmission unit for disconnection monitoring that switches the optical path of the optical signal; Comprising; The upper device determines a disconnection of the internal electrical wiring based on the attenuation amount or the change in the signal level of the optical signal output to the downstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring and input from the upstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring.

[0019] (Configuration of the optical transmission unit for disconnection monitoring) The optical transmission unit for disconnection monitoring of the disaster prevention terminal device When no disconnection is detected by the disconnection detection circuit unit, it switches to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side to the downstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring on the optical termination end side for disconnection monitoring. When a disconnection is detected by the disconnection detection circuit unit, it switches to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side to the bypass optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring that bypasses the optical signal to the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side. A disconnection monitoring optical switch, An optical signal combiner for disconnection monitoring that outputs the optical signal from the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring on the optical termination end side for disconnection monitoring and the optical signal from the bypass optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring to the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side, is provided.

[0020] (Judgment of disconnection and non-disconnection of internal electrical wiring by the upper device 1) The upper device When the third optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination end for disconnection monitoring, it determines that the internal electrical wiring is not disconnected, When the fourth optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the termination device for disconnection monitoring light, it determines that the internal electrical wiring is disconnected.

[0021] (Judgment of disconnection and non-disconnection of internal electrical wiring by the upper device 2) The upper device When the third optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination end for disconnection monitoring, it determines that the internal electrical wiring is not disconnected, When the second optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination end, and the fourth optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination end for disconnection monitoring, it determines that the internal electrical wiring is not disconnected, When the first optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line is affected by the attenuation amount set in the optical termination unit, and when the fourth optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is not affected by the attenuation amount set in the disconnection monitoring optical termination unit, it is determined that there is a disconnection in the internal electrical wiring.

[0022] (Disaster prevention terminal device) Further, the present invention is a disaster prevention terminal device provided in the middle of a loop optical transmission path configured between a host device and an optical termination unit, connecting the section from the host device to the optical termination unit with a predetermined attenuation amount set through a downstream optical transmission line and an upstream optical transmission line, and an operation switch that operates by a predetermined operation, and an optical transmission unit that switches the optical path of an optical signal so that when the operation switch provided in the loop optical transmission path operates, the optical signal output from the host device to the downstream optical transmission line is bypassed to the upstream optical transmission line in the middle of the downstream optical transmission line without passing through the optical termination unit. It is characterized by comprising the above.

[0023] In addition, since the features regarding other disaster prevention terminal devices are the same as those regarding the disaster prevention terminal device in the above-described disaster prevention system, the description thereof is omitted.

Effects of the Invention

[0024] (Effects of the disaster prevention system) The present invention relates to a disaster prevention system. By sequentially connecting a downstream optical transmission line and an upstream optical transmission line from a host device to a predetermined number of disaster prevention terminal devices, a loop optical transmission line is configured between the host device and an optical termination part located at the end. A predetermined attenuation amount is set for the optical termination part. The disaster prevention terminal device includes an operation switch that operates by a predetermined operation, and an optical transmission part that switches the optical path of an optical signal so that when the operation switch operates, the optical signal output to the downstream optical transmission line from the host device is bypassed to the upstream optical transmission line in the middle of the downstream optical transmission line without passing through the optical termination part. The host device determines the operation of the operation switch based on the change in the attenuation amount or signal level of the optical signal output to the downstream optical transmission line and input from the upstream optical transmission line, and performs a predetermined reception process. Therefore, the transmission line is composed of an optical transmission line using an optical fiber cable or the like, and it is possible to solve the problems of the transmission line caused by metal wiring, such as the influence of electrical noise, communication failures due to signal attenuation and insulation degradation.

[0025] In addition, since the switching of the optical path by the optical transmission part provided in the disaster prevention terminal device for changing the optical signal input to the host device is based on the operation of the operation switch, there is no need to change the operation method of the disaster prevention terminal device from the conventional operation method.

[0026] In addition, since the host device determines the operation of the operation switch based on the change in the input optical signal, such as a physical quantity such as the signal level of the optical signal, it is not necessary to convert an electrical signal such as an on / off signal into an optical signal such as a bit code signal and perform optical transmission, and it is possible to suppress the power consumption. In addition, the determination of the operation of the operation switch based on the change in the input optical signal has higher noise resistance than the conventional determination using a bit code signal, and it is possible to suppress the influence of noise. In addition, the determination based on the change in the input optical signal is highly easy, and it is possible to introduce a disaster prevention system using an optical transmission line without major changes to the host device.

[0027] (Effect of the configuration of the optical transmission part) In addition, when the operation switch is not operating, the optical transmission unit of the disaster prevention terminal device switches to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission path on the upper device side to the downstream optical transmission path on the optical termination unit side, and when the operation switch is operating, it switches to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission path on the upper device side to the bypass optical transmission path that bypasses the optical signal to the upstream optical transmission path on the upper device side. Since the optical transmission unit is provided with an optical switch and an optical combiner that outputs the optical signal from the upstream optical transmission path on the optical termination unit side and the optical signal from the bypass optical transmission path to the upstream optical transmission path on the upper device side, the optical transmission unit can be realized with a simple configuration including the optical switch and the optical combiner, making it possible to easily introduce the optical transmission unit into the disaster prevention terminal device.

[0028] (Effect of the operation and non-operation determination of the operation switch by the upper device) In addition, when the upper device determines that the first optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission path is affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination unit, it determines that the operation switch is not operating, and when the second optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission path is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination unit, it determines that the operation switch is operating. Therefore, the upper device can determine whether the operation switch of the disaster prevention terminal device is operating or not operating based on whether the input optical signal is attenuated by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination unit, making it possible to ensure the ease and certainty of the determination regarding the operation switch.

[0029] (Effect of Power Supply 1 of the Control Circuit Unit) In addition, since the control circuit unit including the operation switch for switching the optical path of the optical transmission unit operates with power supplied by the electrical wiring connected from the upper device to the disaster prevention terminal device, by using the electrical wiring that is already connected from the upper device to the disaster prevention terminal device in the conventional disaster prevention system, it is possible to easily secure the power required for the switching operation in the optical transmission unit.

[0030] (Effect of Power Supply 2 of the Electrical Circuit Unit) In addition, the control circuit unit including the operation switch for switching the optical path in the optical transmission unit branches a part of the optical signal input to the downstream optical transmission path on the upper device side by an optical splitter, and operates with the power supply obtained by photoelectrically converting a part of the optical signal. Therefore, electrical wiring that becomes metal wiring is unnecessary, and it is possible to suppress problems such as electrical noise and insulation degradation in the metal wiring.

[0031] (Effect of disaster prevention receiving panel and fire hydrant device) In addition, the upper device is a disaster prevention receiving panel, the disaster prevention terminal device is a predetermined device provided in the fire hydrant device, and the predetermined device is a transmitter equipped with a push switch, a pump starting device, or a pump starting interlocking device. Therefore, it is possible to apply the disaster prevention system to emergency facilities equipped with a conventional fire hydrant device and a disaster prevention receiving panel.

[0032] (Effect of disaster prevention system with multiple operation switches provided in disaster prevention terminal device) In addition, the disaster prevention terminal device includes a plurality of operation switches as operation switches, includes a plurality of optical transmission units corresponding to the plurality of operation switches as an optical transmission unit, and further separates the optical signal input from the downstream transmission path on the upper device side into optical signals of different wavelengths and outputs them to the plurality of optical transmission units. A first wavelength demultiplexer that outputs the optical signal bypassed by any of the plurality of optical transmission units to the upstream optical transmission path on the upper device side by combining it with the optical signal input from the upstream transmission path on the optical terminal side. The upper device outputs an optical signal including different wavelengths to the downstream optical transmission path and an optical signal including different wavelengths is input from the upstream optical transmission path. Based on the attenuation amount or the change in the signal level of the optical signal of each wavelength included in the input optical signal with different wavelengths, the operation of each operation switch is determined and a predetermined reception process is performed. Therefore, even when a plurality of operation switches are provided in the disaster prevention terminal device, the upper device can determine for each operation switch.

[0033] In addition, by separating optical signals with a wavelength demultiplexer and combining optical signals with a wavelength multiplexer in the disaster prevention terminal device, it is not necessary to have a plurality of optical transmission lines corresponding to the operation switch for the downstream optical transmission line and the upstream optical transmission line connecting between the upper device, the disaster prevention terminal device, and the optical termination unit. It is possible to construct a loop optical transmission line with one downstream optical transmission line and one upstream optical transmission line, and it is possible to reduce the number of optical fiber cables or their core numbers used for constructing the loop optical transmission line.

[0034] (Effect of monitoring disconnection of internal electrical wiring) Furthermore, by sequentially connecting the downstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring and the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring from the upper device to a predetermined number of disaster prevention terminal devices, a loop optical transmission line is configured between the upper device and the disconnection monitoring optical termination unit located at the terminal. A predetermined attenuation amount is set for the disconnection monitoring optical termination unit. The disaster prevention terminal device includes a disconnection detection circuit unit that detects disconnection of the internal electrical wiring of the control circuit unit including an operation switch for the optical transmission unit to switch the optical path, and when disconnection is detected by the disconnection detection circuit unit, the optical signal output to the downstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring from the upper device is bypassed to the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring in the middle of the downstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring without passing through the disconnection monitoring optical termination unit. It is provided with a disconnection monitoring optical transmission unit for switching the optical path of the optical signal. Since the upper device determines the disconnection of the internal electrical wiring based on the change in the attenuation amount or signal level of the optical signal output to the downstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring and input from the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring, the upper device can also monitor the disconnection of the internal electrical wiring of the disaster prevention terminal device in the same way as the operation of the operation switch.

[0035] (Effect of the configuration of the disconnection monitoring optical transmission unit) In addition, when the disconnection monitoring optical transmission unit of the disaster prevention terminal device does not detect a disconnection in the disconnection detection circuit unit, it switches to output the optical signal input from the downlink optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side to the downlink optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring on the disconnection monitoring optical terminal unit side. When a disconnection is detected in the disconnection detection circuit unit, it switches to output the optical signal input from the downlink optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side to the bypass optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring that bypasses the optical signal to the uplink optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side. Since it is configured to include a disconnection monitoring optical switch and a disconnection monitoring optical combiner that outputs the optical signal from the uplink optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring on the disconnection monitoring optical terminal unit side and the optical signal from the bypass optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring to the uplink optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side, the disconnection monitoring optical transmission unit can also be realized with a simple configuration including an optical switch and an optical combiner, making it possible to easily introduce the disconnection monitoring optical transmission unit into the disaster prevention terminal device.

[0036] (Effect of Judgment 1 of Disconnection and Non-Disconnection of Internal Electrical Wiring by Upper Device) When the upper device satisfies the third optical attenuation condition when the optical signal input from the uplink optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring is affected by the attenuation amount set for the disconnection monitoring optical terminal unit, it determines that the internal electrical wiring is not disconnected. When the upper device satisfies the fourth optical attenuation condition when the optical signal input from the uplink optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the disconnection monitoring optical terminal unit, it determines that the internal electrical wiring is disconnected. Therefore, the upper device can determine whether the internal electrical wiring of the disaster prevention terminal device is disconnected or not based on whether the input optical signal is attenuated by the attenuation amount set for the disconnection monitoring optical terminal unit, making it possible to ensure the ease and reliability of the judgment regarding the internal electrical wiring.

[0037] (Effect of Judgment 2 of Disconnection and Non-Disconnection of Internal Electrical Wiring by Upper Device) In addition, when the upper device determines that the internal electrical wiring is not disconnected when the third optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination for disconnection monitoring, and when the second optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination, and when the fourth optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination for disconnection monitoring, the upper device determines that the internal electrical wiring is not disconnected. When the first optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line is affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination, and when the fourth optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination for disconnection monitoring, the upper device determines that the internal electrical wiring is disconnected. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the upper device from determining that the internal electrical wiring is disconnected when the disconnection detection circuit unit erroneously detects the operation of the operation switch as a disconnection of the internal electrical wiring, and it is possible to reliably perform the determination regarding the operation switch and the determination regarding the internal electrical wiring by the upper device.

[0038] In addition, since the invention related to the disaster prevention terminal device can obtain the same effects as those of the disaster prevention terminal device in the above-described disaster prevention system, the description thereof is omitted.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0039]

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[0040] Hereinafter, embodiments of the disaster prevention system and the disaster prevention terminal device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments.

[0041] [Basic Concept of Embodiment] First, the basic concept of the embodiment will be described. The embodiment generally relates to a disaster prevention system that monitors a predetermined number of disaster prevention terminal devices provided in a loop optical transmission path configured between a host device and an optical termination unit, and the scope of the invention extends to the "disaster prevention terminal device" alone provided in the disaster prevention system of the embodiment.

[0042] Here, the "host device" is a device located above a disaster prevention terminal device that monitors and controls a disaster prevention terminal device connected to a loop optical transmission path, and is a concept including a "disaster prevention receiver panel" in emergency facilities, other central monitoring devices, receivers, control panels, etc.

[0043] The "optical transmission path" is an optical transmission medium that transmits optical signals using light such as laser light, and an optical fiber cable having a structure in which a central core formed of quartz glass or the like is surrounded by a cladding layer is used, and it is a concept including an optical line or the like.

[0044] The "loop optical transmission path" is an optical transmission path formed in a loop between a host device and an optical termination unit via a terminal disaster prevention device by a downstream optical transmission path and an upstream optical transmission path.

[0045] In the "disaster prevention system" of the embodiment, the direction from the host device to the optical termination unit is defined as "downstream", and the direction from the optical termination unit to the host device is defined as "upstream". Therefore, the "downstream optical transmission path" means an optical transmission path that transmits an optical signal from the host device side to the optical termination unit side, and the "upstream optical transmission path" means an optical transmission path that transmits an optical signal from the optical termination unit side to the host device side.

[0046] The "optical termination unit" is an optical circuit (optical device) that attenuates an input optical signal by a set predetermined attenuation amount and outputs it, and includes the concepts of an optical fixed attenuator and an optical attenuator. The "optical termination unit" may be provided independently of the disaster prevention terminal device, or may be provided integrally with the final-stage disaster prevention terminal device (the disaster prevention terminal device that is the farthest from the host device in terms of wiring connection).

[0047] The "disaster prevention terminal device" is a device under the supervision of a host device, and is a device that transmits information related to disaster prevention, such as notification of occurrence of an abnormality such as a fire and activation of pump facilities, to the host device by signal communication.

[0048] The "disaster prevention terminal device" of the embodiment includes an "operation switch" and an "optical transmission unit". Here, the "operation switch" is activated by a predetermined operation, and includes, for example, a switch having two switch terminals that is activated by a predetermined operation to short-circuit between the switch terminals.

[0049] Also, the type, configuration, and structure of the "operation switch" are arbitrary. For example, it may include a normally open switch or the like. As the "normally open switch", for example, it includes a "push switch" that has a normally open contact (so-called a contact) and closes the contact to conduct electricity by pressing a pressing part that serves as an operation part.

[0050] Also, the "switch terminal" is a concept that can substantially include the contact of the operation switch itself. For example, the switch terminal may be directly provided on a conductor plate having the contact of the operation switch. Of course, inside the switch, the connection between each contact and the corresponding switch terminal may be connected by a short wiring or other conductor components. Note that the operation switch only needs to be one that does not conduct between the switch terminals (between one switch terminal and the other) during normal times and conducts between the switch terminals when a predetermined operation is performed, and is not limited to a push switch. For example, various switches such as slide switches can be applied. Also, various switch methods such as a locking type and a non-locking type can be applied.

[0051] Also, the "optical transmission unit" is one that switches the optical path of an optical signal so that when the operation switch operates, the optical signal output from the upper device to the downstream optical transmission path bypasses to the upstream optical transmission path in the middle of the downstream optical transmission path without passing through the optical termination unit. By switching the optical path that does not pass through the optical termination unit, the optical signal output from the upper device is input to the upper device without being attenuated by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination unit, making it possible to change the optical signal received by the upper device (increase the signal level of the optical signal received by the upper device).

[0052] Also, the "optical transmission unit" includes an "optical switch" and an "optical combiner". Here, the "optical switch" is an optical circuit (optical device) that switches the optical path of an optical signal. When the operation switch is non-operating (off), it switches to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission path on the upper device side to the downstream optical transmission path on the optical termination unit side. When the operation switch is operating (on), it switches to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission path on the upper device side to the bypass optical transmission path that bypasses to the upstream optical transmission path on the upper device side.

[0053] Also, the type, structure, and function of the "optical switch" are arbitrary. As is well known, there are mechanical, MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System), and optical waveguide methods. In the embodiment, since two optical paths are switched according to the operation and non-operation of the operation switch, the switching speed may be low. For example, a fiber collimator and a reflector such as a prism composed of an input end of an optical fiber arranged in one direction and two output ends, which are known as the mechanical method, are combined, and the reflector is translated in parallel by a slide stage for switching.

[0054] Also, the "optical combiner" is an optical circuit (optical device) that combines different optical paths into one optical path. It is the confluence point of the upstream optical transmission path on the optical termination side that becomes one optical path and the bypass optical transmission path that becomes the other optical path, and outputs the optical signal from the upstream optical transmission path on the optical termination side and the optical signal from the bypass optical transmission path to the upstream optical transmission path on the upper device side.

[0055] Also, the "upper device" in the embodiment determines the operation of the operation switch based on the attenuation amount or the change in the signal level of the optical signal output to the downstream optical transmission path and input from the upstream optical transmission path (the presence or absence of attenuation of the attenuation amount set at the optical termination), and performs a predetermined reception process.

[0056] Regarding the determination of the operation and non-operation of the operation switch by the "upper device", for example, when the first optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission path is affected by the attenuation amount set at the optical termination, it is determined that the operation switch is non-operating, and when the second optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission path is not affected by the attenuation amount set at the optical termination, it is determined that the operation switch is operating.

[0057] The "first optical attenuation condition when affected by the attenuation amount set at the optical termination end" is satisfied, for example, when the optical attenuation amount of the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission path with respect to the optical signal output to the downstream optical transmission path is equal to or greater than a predetermined optical attenuation threshold value including the attenuation amount set at the optical termination end, or exceeds it. Conversely, the "second optical attenuation condition when not affected by the attenuation amount set at the optical termination end" is satisfied when it is less than or equal to the predetermined optical attenuation threshold value. Also, instead of the optical attenuation amount, it may be a condition regarding the signal level of the optical signal input to the upper device.

[0058] According to the disaster prevention system of such an embodiment, since the transmission path is an optical transmission path, there are no problems such as electrical noise and insulation degradation in metal wiring. Also, since the determination of the operation of the operation switch in the upper device is based on a change in a physical quantity such as the signal level of the optical signal, there is no need to convert the electrical signal into an optical signal, and it is easy to transmit disaster prevention-related information from the disaster prevention terminal device to the upper device. Also, since the change in the optical signal is based on the operation of the operation switch, there is an effect such as no need to change from the operation method of the conventional disaster prevention terminal device.

[0059] Also, since the disaster prevention terminal device needs to switch the optical path by the optical transmission unit corresponding to the operation / non-operation of the operation switch, it is provided with a control circuit unit including the operation switch. The control circuit unit may operate, for example, by power supply through an electrical wiring connected from the upper device to the disaster prevention terminal device, or may operate with the power obtained by branching a part of the optical signal input to the downstream optical transmission path on the upper device side by an optical splitter and performing optoelectronic conversion on a part of the optical signal.

[0060] Here, an "optical splitter" is an optical circuit (optical device) that branches an optical path and outputs the input optical signal divided into a plurality, and is called a "splitter". Practical examples include a "power splitter" that divides at a predetermined power ratio and a "polarization splitter" that divides according to the polarization state.

[0061] Further, the disaster prevention terminal device of the embodiment may include a plurality of operation switches as operation switches. When a plurality of operation switches are provided, a plurality of optical transmission units are provided corresponding to the plurality of operation switches, and further, a wavelength demultiplexer, a first wavelength multiplexer, and a second wavelength multiplexer are provided.

[0062] Here, the "wavelength demultiplexer" separates the optical signal input from the downstream transmission path on the upper device side into optical signals of different wavelengths and outputs them to a plurality of optical transmission units.

[0063] Also, the "first wavelength multiplexer" synthesizes optical signals of different wavelengths output from a plurality of optical transmission units to the optical terminal side and outputs them to the downstream optical transmission path on the optical terminal side. The "second wavelength multiplexer" synthesizes the optical signal bypassed by any of the plurality of optical transmission units with the optical signal input from the upstream transmission path on the optical terminal side and outputs them to the upstream optical transmission path on the upper device side.

[0064] Here, the "wavelength demultiplexer" is an optical circuit (optical device) that divides an optical signal including a plurality of different wavelength bands into optical signals for each different wavelength band. For example, a known arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is used. The "wavelength multiplexer" is an optical circuit (optical device) that synthesizes optical signals of different wavelength bands into one optical signal. For example, it is obtained by swapping the input and output of a known arrayed waveguide grating.

[0065] Further, the disaster prevention system of the embodiment is a system applicable to emergency facilities such as tunnels. When applied to emergency facilities, the "upper device" is the "disaster prevention receiver panel", and the "disaster prevention terminal device" is the "predetermined device provided in the fire hydrant device". The "predetermined device provided in the fire hydrant device" includes a "transmitter" provided with a push switch as an operation switch, a "pump starting device", a "pump starting interlocking device", and the like.

[0066] When the push switch of the transmitter is pressed, it is switched to an optical path that does not pass through the optical termination via the optical transmission line, changing the optical signal received by the disaster prevention receiver, and causing the disaster prevention receiver to receive an optical signal corresponding to a fire alarm signal.

[0067] When the push switches of the pump starting device and the pump starting interlocking device are pressed, it is switched to an optical path that does not pass through the optical termination via the optical transmission line, changing the optical signal received by the disaster prevention receiver, and causing the disaster prevention receiver to receive an optical signal corresponding to a pump starting signal.

[0068] In addition to monitoring the operation / non-operation of the operation switch, the disaster prevention system of the embodiment further configures a disconnection monitoring loop optical transmission line between the upper device and the optical termination for disconnection monitoring in order to monitor the disconnection of the internal electrical wiring of the control circuit unit including the operation switch of the disaster prevention terminal device. The disaster prevention terminal device includes a disconnection detection circuit unit and a disconnection monitoring optical transmission unit.

[0069] Here, the "disconnection monitoring loop optical transmission line" is an optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring formed in a loop via the terminal disaster prevention device between the upper device and the optical termination for disconnection monitoring by the downlink optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring and the uplink optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring.

[0070] The "disconnection detection circuit unit" detects the disconnection of the internal electrical wiring of the control circuit unit including the operation switch for switching the optical path by the optical transmission unit. For example, it is a circuit unit that performs different operations depending on the line state of the target internal electrical wiring, and controls the disconnection optical transmission unit to switch the optical path of the optical signal when the line state of the internal electrical wiring is non-disconnected and when the line state of the internal electrical wiring is disconnected.

[0071] The "disconnection monitoring optical transmission unit" switches the optical path of the optical signal so that when a disconnection is detected by the disconnection detection circuit unit, the optical signal output from the upper device to the downlink optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is bypassed to the uplink optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring in the middle of the downlink optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring without passing through the optical termination for disconnection monitoring. For example, it includes a "disconnection monitoring optical switch" and a "disconnection monitoring optical combiner".

[0072] When a disconnection is not detected by the disconnection detection circuit section, the "optical switch for disconnection monitoring" switches to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side to the downstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring on the optical termination end side for disconnection monitoring. When a disconnection is detected by the disconnection detection circuit section, it switches to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side to the bypass optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring that bypasses the optical signal to the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side.

[0073] In addition, the "optical combiner" outputs the optical signal from the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring on the optical termination end side for disconnection monitoring and the optical signal from the bypass optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring to the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side.

[0074] The "upper device" determines the disconnection of the internal electrical wiring based on the attenuation amount or the change in the signal level of the optical signal output to the downstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring and input from the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring (the presence or absence of attenuation of the attenuation amount set for the optical termination end for disconnection monitoring).

[0075] As the determination of disconnection / non-disconnection of the internal electrical wiring by the "upper device", for example, when the third optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination end for disconnection monitoring, it is determined that the internal electrical wiring is not disconnected. When the fourth optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination end for disconnection monitoring, it is determined that the internal electrical wiring is disconnected.

[0076] The "third optical attenuation condition when affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination end for disconnection monitoring" and the "fourth optical attenuation condition when not affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical termination end for disconnection monitoring" include conditions related to the optical attenuation amount and the signal level, similar to the first optical attenuation condition and the second optical attenuation condition used for the determination of the operation / non-operation of the operation switch.

[0077] In addition, as for the determination of disconnection / non - disconnection of the internal electrical wiring by the "upper - level device", when the fourth optical attenuation condition is satisfied, it may be determined whether there is a disconnection or non - disconnection separately according to the satisfaction status of the first optical attenuation condition or the second optical attenuation condition used for the determination of the operation / non - operation of the operation switch. When the first optical attenuation condition and the fourth optical attenuation condition are satisfied, it is determined as non - disconnection, and when the second optical attenuation condition and the fourth optical attenuation condition are satisfied, it is determined as disconnection.

[0078] Also, although the loop optical transmission path, upstream optical transmission path, downstream optical transmission path, optical terminal unit, optical transmission unit, optical switch, optical combiner, etc. for disconnection monitoring are denoted as "disconnection monitoring ○○", this is just an expression for distinguishing between the monitoring of the operation switch and disconnection monitoring, and the basic functions and configurations are the same as those for the monitoring of the operation switch.

[0079] Hereinafter, specific embodiments will be described. In the specific embodiments shown below, the "operation switch" of the disaster - prevention terminal device is a normally - open "push switch (a - contact switch)". Also, a disaster - prevention system in which a loop optical transmission path is constructed between the upper - level device and the optical terminal unit and a plurality of disaster - prevention terminal devices are arranged is taken as the first embodiment, and a disaster - prevention system in which a disconnection - monitoring loop optical transmission path is added to the first embodiment to monitor the disconnection of the internal electrical wiring of the disaster - prevention terminal device is described as the second embodiment.

[0080] [Specific content of the embodiment] Embodiments of a disaster - prevention system for monitoring disaster - prevention terminal devices by optical transmission will be described separately as follows. a. Outline of the first embodiment of the disaster - prevention system b. Configuration of the first embodiment of the disaster - prevention system b1. Configuration of the disaster - prevention terminal device b2. Configuration of the upper - level device b3. Optical transmission corresponding to the operation state of the operation switch b4. Power supply using the optical transmission path c. Emergency equipment c1. Fire hydrant device c2. Emergency equipment to which the disaster - prevention system is applied d. Second embodiment of the disaster - prevention system Overview of the Second Embodiment of the Disaster Prevention System Configuration of the Second Embodiment of the Disaster Prevention System Configuration of the Disconnection Detection Circuit Section Disconnection Judgment of the Internal Electrical Wiring by the Host Device Application of the Second Embodiment to Emergency Equipment g. Modification Examples of the Present Invention

[0081] [a. Overview of the First Embodiment of the Disaster Prevention System] First, the overview of the first embodiment of the disaster prevention system will be described. In this description, refer to FIG. 1 showing the overview of the first embodiment of the disaster prevention system.

[0082] As shown in FIG. 1, in the first embodiment of the disaster prevention system, for example, three disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16 - 1) to 16(16 - 3) are installed in a predetermined monitoring area. Here, the number of disaster prevention terminal devices provided in the disaster prevention system is arbitrary. When there is no need to distinguish the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16 - 1) to 16(16 - 3), they are referred to as the disaster prevention terminal device 16.

[0083] Here, in terms of wiring connection, the disaster prevention terminal device connected to the position closest to the host device 10 is defined as the "first - stage reporting device", and the disaster prevention terminal device connected to the farthest position is defined as the "last - stage reporting device". For example, in FIG. 1, the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16 - 1) is the "first - stage reporting device", and the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16 - 3) is the "last - stage reporting device". Also, since three disaster prevention terminal devices are connected in the embodiment, the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16 - 1) is regarded as the "first - stage disaster prevention terminal device", the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16 - 2) is regarded as the "second - stage disaster prevention terminal device", and the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16 - 3) is regarded as the "third - stage disaster prevention terminal device".

[0084] Between the host device 10 and the optical termination unit 18 via the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3), a loop optical transmission path is configured by connecting them with a downstream optical transmission path 12 and an upstream optical transmission path 14 using an optical fiber cable. The disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) connected to the loop optical transmission path by the host device 10 are monitored, and a power supply wiring 22 is connected from the host device 10 to the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3).

[0085] In addition, considering the application of the disaster prevention system to emergency facilities such as tunnels, the distance between the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) is, for example, 50 m. Even if up to six disaster prevention terminal devices 16 assumed as emergency facilities are connected, the length of the optical transmission path is about 600 m for a round trip. However, considering the distance from the electrical room or the like where the host device 10 will be installed to the first-stage disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1) installed at the site that becomes the monitoring area, it is desirable that the optical fiber cable can transmit over a long distance. It is preferable to use a single-mode optical fiber cable for the downstream optical transmission path 12 and the upstream optical transmission path 14. Also, in FIG. 1, the optical termination unit 18 is described as being provided independently of the disaster prevention terminal device 16. However, for example, the optical termination unit 18 may be housed inside the last-stage disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-3) integrally. It is suitable in the actual system configuration that the optical termination unit 18 is housed inside the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-3).

[0086] The disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) are provided with an operation switch 28 and an optical transmission unit 20. The operation switch 28 is, for example, a push switch that is operated when an abnormality such as a fire occurs. Normally (when not operating), the switch contacts are open, and when it is operated due to the occurrence of an abnormality, it operates to close the switch contacts, and causes the optical transmission unit 20 to transmit an optical signal corresponding to a notification signal indicating the occurrence of an abnormality to the host device 10.

[0087] During normal times when the operation switch 28 is not operated, the optical transmission unit 20 outputs the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission path 12 on the upper device 10 side to the downstream optical transmission path 12 on the optical termination unit 18 side. The optical signal that sequentially passes through the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16 - 1) to 16(16 - 3) via the downstream optical transmission path 12 is input to the optical termination unit 18, attenuated by a preset fixed optical attenuation amount at the optical termination unit 18, and then output from the optical termination unit 18 to the upstream optical transmission path 14. The optical signal output from the optical termination unit 18 is input to the upper device 10 via the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16 - 3) to 16(16 - 1) again.

[0088] On the other hand, when the operation switch 28 is operated and activated, the optical transmission unit 20 switches to an optical path that bypasses the loop optical transmission path in the middle and outputs the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission path 12 on the upper device 10 side to the upstream optical transmission path 14 on the upper device 10 side, without outputting it to the downstream optical transmission path 12 on the optical termination unit 18 side. By not attenuating the optical signal at the optical termination unit 18, the attenuation amount of the optical signal received by the upper device 10 (received signal) is reduced, and the signal level of the received signal (received signal level) is increased. That is, the optical signal with an increased signal level corresponds to the notification signal from the disaster prevention terminal device 16.

[0089] Therefore, when the upper device 10 satisfies the first optical attenuation condition where the received signal level is affected by the fixed attenuation amount at the optical termination unit 18, for example, when the received signal level is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold corresponding to the signal level affected by the fixed attenuation amount of the optical termination unit 18, it is determined that all the operation switches 28 of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16 - 1) to 16(16 - 3) are inactivated (off).

[0090] On the other hand, when the upper device 10 satisfies the second optical attenuation condition where the received signal level is not affected by the fixed attenuation amount at the optical termination unit 18, for example, when the received signal level is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold corresponding to the signal level not affected by the fixed attenuation amount of the optical termination unit 18, it is determined that any one of the operation switches 28 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16 is activated (on), and a predetermined reception process such as an abnormal alarm operation is performed.

[0091] [Configuration of the First Embodiment of the Disaster Prevention System] Subsequently, the configuration of the first embodiment of the disaster prevention system will be described. In this description, reference will be made to FIG. 2 showing the configuration of the first embodiment of the disaster prevention system and FIG. 3 showing the control circuit section of the optical switch in FIG. 2 taken out.

[0092] (b1. Configuration of the Disaster Prevention Terminal Device) First, the configuration of the disaster prevention terminal device in the first embodiment will be described in the case where the disaster prevention terminal device includes one push switch as an operation switch.

[0093] As shown in FIG. 2, disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) are sequentially connected between the host device 10 and the optical termination unit 18 by a downstream optical transmission line 12 and an upstream optical transmission line 14. The disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) include an operation switch 28, an optical switch 24 that constitutes an optical transmission unit 20, an optical combiner 26, and a power supply circuit section 30.

[0094] The optical switch 24 switches the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission line 12 on the host device 10 side to output it to the downstream optical transmission line 12 on the optical termination unit side, output it to the bypass optical transmission line 15 for the optical combiner 26 connected to the upstream optical transmission line 14 on the host device 10 side, or switch the optical path according to the state of the operation switch 28.

[0095] Also, the switching of the optical path by the optical switch 24 is, for example, a mechanical method, and the switching operation is performed by electrical driving. To realize the electrical driving, the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) are provided with a power supply circuit section 30. The operation switch 28 and the power supply circuit section 30 function as a control circuit section that controls the switching of the optical switch 24.

[0096] The power supply circuit section 30 is connected from the host device 10 to the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3), and receives a power supply (input) of, for example, AC100V through the AC power supply lines 2210 and 2212 of the power supply wiring 22 using metal wiring, and outputs a predetermined DC power supply.

[0097] The AC power lines 2210 and 2212 are connected to the terminal block 32 of the high-voltage terminal box of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3), and supply AC power to the input section of the power circuit section 30 also connected to the terminal block 32. Further, the output section that outputs the DC power of the power circuit section 30 is connected to the terminal block 34 of the low-voltage terminal box.

[0098] The switching of the optical switch 24 is performed by a control circuit section including the operation switch 28 taken out and shown in FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 3, the plus side of the output section of the power circuit section 30 is connected to one switch terminal of the operation switch 28 via the terminal block 34, the other switch terminal of the operation switch 28 is connected to the switching drive section (not shown) of the optical switch 24, and the minus side of the output section of the power circuit section 30 is connected to the switching drive section via the terminal block 34.

[0099] Normally, since the operation switch 28 is non-operational and the switch contacts are open, the DC power is not supplied from the power circuit section 30 to the switching drive section of the optical switch 24. At this time, the optical switch 24 switches the optical path so as to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission line 12 on the upper device 10 side to the downstream optical transmission line 12 on the optical termination section 18 side.

[0100] On the other hand, when the operation switch 28 is operated and activated, since the switch contacts of the operation switch 28 are closed, the DC power is supplied from the power circuit section 30 to the switching drive section of the optical switch 24, and the switching operation is performed by the optical switch 24. At this time, the optical switch 24 switches the optical path so as to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission line 12 on the upper device 10 side to the bypass optical transmission line 15 for the optical combiner 26.

[0101] The optical combiner 26 outputs the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line 14 on the optical termination section 18 side to the upstream transmission line 14 on the upper device 10 side when the operation switch 28 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16 provided with itself is not operated, and outputs the optical signal input from the bypass optical transmission line 15 to the upstream transmission line 14 on the upper device 10 side when the operation switch 28 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16 provided with itself is operated.

[0102] Here, the fixed attenuation amount set for the optical end portion 18 is arbitrary, but for example, it is set to have an attenuation amount of 15 dB. In addition, optical attenuation also occurs in the downstream optical transmission line 12, the upstream optical transmission line 14, the optical switch 24, and the optical combiner 26 through which the optical signal passes. In this embodiment, it will be described that an attenuation amount of 1 dB occurs each time one optical switch 24 or optical combiner 26 is passed through. Note that since it is actually difficult to precisely adjust the attenuation amount, the attenuation amounts such as 15 dB and 1 dB in the embodiment include a predetermined error.

[0103] (b2. Configuration of the upper device) Next, the configuration of the upper device in the first embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, the upper device 10 is provided with a monitoring control unit 1010, an optical transmission unit 1012, and an optical reception unit 1014.

[0104] The monitoring control unit 1010 outputs a drive signal to the optical transmission unit 1012, drives the laser diode (LD) provided in the optical transmission unit 1012 to emit light, and outputs laser light having a predetermined signal level as an optical signal to the downstream optical transmission line 12. Further, the monitoring control unit 1010 determines the presence or absence of the operation of the operation switch 28 provided in the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16 - 1) to 16(16 - 3) based on the signal level (received signal level) of the optical signal received by a light receiving element such as a photodiode (PD) provided in the optical reception unit 1014.

[0105] As described above, the determination based on the reception signal level by the host device 10 is, for example, with the signal level of the optical transmission (transmission signal level) transmitted from the optical transmission unit 1012 of the host device 10 as a reference (0 dB). When the reception signal level is equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold corresponding to the fixed attenuation amount of the optical termination unit 18 or is less than the signal level, it is determined that all the operation switches 28 of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) are inactivated (off). When the reception signal level is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold corresponding to the fixed attenuation amount of the optical termination unit 18 or exceeds the signal level, it is determined that any one of the operation switches 28 of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) is activated (on), and a predetermined reception process such as an abnormality warning operation is performed.

[0106] Furthermore, it is preferable that the host device 10 monitors the optical path abnormality of the loop optical transmission path based on the reception signal level, that is, monitors the optical path abnormality such as disconnection in any of the downstream optical transmission path 12, the upstream optical transmission path 14, the optical transmission unit 20 (optical switch 24 and optical combiner 26), and the optical termination unit 18 that form the optical path of the optical signal. For example, when the reception signal level is equal to or lower than a second predetermined threshold set lower than the predetermined threshold corresponding to the fixed attenuation amount, the host device 10 determines that an abnormality such as a disconnection has occurred in the loop optical transmission path, and performs a predetermined process such as a disconnection warning.

[0107] That is, the determination based on the reception signal level by the host device 10 is as follows: when the reception signal level is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold or exceeds the signal level, it is determined that any one of the operation switches 28 of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) is activated (on). When the reception signal level is equal to or higher than the second predetermined threshold and equal to or lower than the predetermined threshold or less than the signal level, it is determined that all the operation switches 28 of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) are inactivated (off). When the reception signal level is equal to or lower than the second predetermined threshold or less than the signal level, it is determined that an optical path abnormality such as a disconnection has occurred in the loop optical transmission path. It should be noted that it is preferable to consider the optical attenuation amount corresponding to the path lengths of the downstream optical transmission path 12 and the upstream optical transmission path 14 (subtracted from the threshold values considered above) when setting the predetermined threshold and the second predetermined threshold used for the determination of the reception signal level.

[0108] (b3. Optical transmission corresponding to the operation state of the operation switch) Next, the optical transmission corresponding to the operation state of the operation switch provided in the disaster prevention terminal device will be described. In this description, refer to FIG. 4 showing the change in the optical path and the signal level of the optical signal switched according to the operation / non-operation of the operation switch in FIG. 2.

[0109] As shown in FIG. 4, in the normal state where all the operation switches 28 of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) are in the non-operating state, the optical signal (transmission signal) output from the upper device 10 to the downstream optical transmission path 12 sequentially passes through the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) and is input to the optical termination unit 18. When the transmission signal passes through each of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3), it passes through the optical switch 24 provided in the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3), so as shown by the solid line in FIG. 4, it undergoes an attenuation of 1 dB, and the optical signal input to the optical termination unit 18 has undergone a total attenuation of 3 dB.

[0110] For example, 15 dB is set as the fixed attenuation amount in the optical termination unit 18, and the optical signal output from the optical termination unit 18 to the upstream optical transmission path 14 has undergone a total attenuation of 18 dB.

[0111] The optical signal output from the optical termination unit 18 to the upstream optical transmission path 14 sequentially passes through the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-3) to 16(16-1) and is input to the upper device 10. The optical signal output from the optical termination unit 18 passes through the optical combiner 26 provided in the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) when passing through each of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3), so as shown by the solid line in FIG. 4, it undergoes an attenuation of 1 dB, and the upstream optical signal (received signal) input to the upper device 10 has undergone a total attenuation of 21 dB.

[0112] Next, the case where the operation switch 28 of the first-stage disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1) is operated and activated will be described. When the operation switch 28 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1) is operated and activated, a DC power supply is supplied from the power supply circuit unit 30 to the optical switch 24 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1). The optical switch 24 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1) switches the optical path for outputting an optical signal to the downstream optical transmission line 12 on the optical termination side to the optical path for outputting an optical signal to the bypass optical transmission line 15. As a result, the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission line 12 on the upper device 10 side is output to the optical combiner 26 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1) via the bypass optical transmission line 15 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1), and an optical signal is output from the optical combiner 26 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1) to the upstream optical transmission line 14 on the upper device 10 side and input to the upper device 10.

[0113] In this case, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 4, the optical signal (transmission signal) from the upper device 10 undergoes an attenuation of 1 dB when passing through the optical switch 24 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1), and then undergoes an attenuation of 1 dB when passing through the optical combiner 26 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1). Therefore, an optical signal (received signal) that has undergone a total attenuation of 2 dB is input to the upper device 10. That is, the optical signal (received signal) input to the upper device 10 undergoes an attenuation of 21 dB during normal times, but the attenuation when the operation switch 28 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1) is activated remains at 2 dB, and the signal level of the received signal changes significantly.

[0114] Also, when the operation switch 28 of the second-stage disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-2) is operated and activated, the optical signal (transmission signal) from the upper device 10 undergoes an attenuation of -1 dB when passing through the optical switch 14 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1), then undergoes an attenuation of 1 dB each when passing through the optical switch 24 and the optical combiner 26 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-2), and undergoes an attenuation of 1 dB when passing through the optical combiner 26 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1). As a result, an optical signal (received signal) that has undergone a total attenuation of 4 dB is input to the upper device 10.

[0115] Also, when the operation switch 28 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-3) in the third stage is operated and activated, the optical signal (transmission signal) from the upper device 10 is attenuated by 1 dB respectively when passing through the optical switches 14 of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) and 16(16-2), and then is attenuated by 1 dB respectively when passing through the optical switch 24 and the optical combiner 26 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-3), and is attenuated by 1 dB respectively when passing through the optical combiners 26 of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) and 16(16-2). The optical signal (received signal) with a total attenuation of 6 dB is input to the upper device 10.

[0116] As described above, since the attenuation amount of the received signal when all the operation switches 28 of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) are inoperative is 21 dB, and the attenuation amount of the received signal when any one of the operation switches 28 of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) is activated is 2 dB to 6 dB, a predetermined threshold value of the received signal level for determining the activation of the operation switch 28 in the upper device 10 is set to -12 dB, which is attenuated by 12 dB, near the middle of the attenuation amount of 6 dB when the operation switch 28 is most attenuated and the attenuation amount of 21 dB when it is inoperative.

[0117] Also, a second predetermined threshold value for determining an optical path abnormality in the loop optical transmission path is set to -31 dB, which is attenuated by a predetermined amount from the attenuation amount of 21 dB when all the operation switches 28 of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) are inoperative.

[0118] Therefore, when the received signal level is less than or equal to -31 dB as the first optical attenuation condition, the upper device 10 determines that there is a disconnection or the like in the optical path. When it is greater than or equal to -31 dB and less than or equal to -12 dB, it determines that the operation switch 28 is inoperative. When the received signal level is greater than or equal to -12 dB as the second optical attenuation condition, it determines that the operation switch 28 is activated and performs predetermined reception processing.

[0119] Note that, for setting a predetermined threshold value and a second predetermined threshold value used for determining the reception signal level, it is preferable to consider the optical attenuation amount corresponding to the path lengths of the downstream optical transmission path 12 and the upstream optical transmission path 14. For example, when the attenuation amount corresponding to the path lengths of the downstream optical transmission path 12 and the upstream optical transmission path 14 is 3 dB, considering the 3 dB attenuation amount, if the reception signal level is less than or equal to -34 dB as the first optical attenuation condition, the host device 10 determines that an optical path abnormality has occurred in the loop optical transmission path; if it is greater than or equal to -34 dB and less than or equal to -15 dB, it determines that the operation switch 28 is not operating; if the reception signal level is greater than or equal to -15 dB as the second optical attenuation condition, it determines that the operation switch 28 is operating, and performs a predetermined reception process.

[0120] (b4. Power supply using an optical transmission path) Next, a modified example of the first embodiment of a disaster prevention system that supplies power to a disaster prevention terminal device using an optical transmission path will be described. In this description, refer to FIG. 5 showing a modified example of the first embodiment in FIG. 2 in which the disaster prevention terminal device generates power from an optical signal.

[0121] As shown in FIG. 5, in the disaster prevention system of this embodiment, the electrical wiring 22 including the AC power lines 2210 and 2212 shown in FIG. 2 and the power supply circuit unit 30 are not provided. Instead, an optical splitter 36 and a photoelectric conversion power supply circuit unit 38 are provided.

[0122] The optical splitter 36 is arranged in the downstream optical transmission path 12 so as to be located on the host device 10 side with respect to the optical switch 24, branches the input optical signal at a predetermined ratio, and outputs the divided optical signals to the optical switch 24 and the photoelectric conversion power supply circuit unit 38, respectively. As the optical splitter 36, for example, a "power splitter" that divides an optical signal at a predetermined power ratio is used. The power ratio for the optical splitter 36 to divide is arbitrary. For example, the optical transmission is divided so that the power ratio is "9 to 1" on the optical switch 24 side and the photoelectric conversion power supply circuit unit 38 side.

[0123] The photoelectric conversion power supply circuit section 38 includes a photodiode and a smoothing circuit, converts the input optical signal into an electrical signal using the photodiode, and outputs a predetermined DC power supply smoothed by a smoothing circuit including, for example, a capacitor and an inductance. Note that since the configurations and functions other than the optical splitter 36 and the photoelectric conversion power supply circuit section 38 are the same as those in the first embodiment of FIG. 2, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted.

[0124] In this way, by generating the DC power supply necessary for switching and driving the optical switch 24 from the optical signal split by the optical splitter 36, a metal wiring is made unnecessary, and all wirings from the host device 10 to the disaster prevention terminal device 16 can be made optical wirings, thereby solving problems such as electrical noise and insulation degradation in the metal wiring.

[0125] [c. Emergency equipment] Next, an emergency facility such as a tunnel to which the above-described disaster prevention system is applied will be described. The emergency facility includes a disaster prevention receiving board to which a host device is applied, and a fire hydrant device provided with a transmitter or the like to which a disaster prevention terminal device is applied, and the case where a plurality of fire hydrant devices are installed at predetermined intervals will be described.

[0126] (c1. Fire hydrant device) First, the fire hydrant device will be described. In this description, reference is made to FIG. 6 showing the fire hydrant device from the front (front side). Here, in the description of FIG. 6, the X - Y - Z directions are directions orthogonal to each other. Specifically, when looking at the front of the fire hydrant device provided with various doors as the front, the X direction is the left - right direction, the Y direction is the up - down direction, and the Z direction is the front - back direction. Also, the +X side in the X direction is the right side, the -X side is the left side, the +Y side in the Y direction is the upper side, the -Y side is the lower side, the +Z side in the Z direction is the front side, and the -Z side is the rear side.

[0127] As shown in FIG. 6, the fire hydrant device 40 has a structure divided into a housing 50a whose interior is a fire hydrant storage section and a housing 50b whose interior is a fire extinguisher storage section, and decorative frames 51a, 51b are attached to the front surfaces of the housings 50a, 50b.

[0128] The door opening of the decorative frame 51a of the housing 50a is divided vertically. An inclined fire hydrant door 52 that opens downward by a hinge 52a is provided below the door opening, and a maintenance door 54 that opens upward by a hinge 54a is provided above the door opening. Inside the fire hydrant storage part, valves including a fire hose and a fire hydrant valve are stored.

[0129] On the left side of the door opening of the decorative frame 51b of the housing 50b, a fire extinguisher door 56 that opens horizontally to the left by a hinge 56a is provided. Inside the fire extinguisher storage part, for example, two fire extinguishers are stored. Also, a viewing window 57 is provided below the fire extinguisher door 56, enabling the presence or absence of a fire extinguisher to be confirmed from the outside.

[0130] On the right side of the door opening of the decorative frame 51b, an electrical equipment door 58 that opens horizontally to the right by a hinge 58a is provided. On the electrical equipment door 58, as components constituting an emergency reporting device, for example, a red indicator light 60, a transmitter 62, and a response lamp 64 are provided, and a telephone jack is provided inside the housing of the electrical equipment door 58.

[0131] The red indicator light 60 is constantly lit during normal times, enabling the installation location of the fire hydrant device 30 to be known from a distance. Also, when light transmission corresponding to a pump start signal is transmitted to the disaster prevention receiving board by the operation of a push switch of a pump start device 65 or a pump start interlocking device 66, which will be described later, the red indicator lights 60 of all the fire hydrant devices 40 are controlled to blink simultaneously by the disaster prevention receiving board.

[0132] The transmitter 62 is the one to which the aforementioned disaster prevention terminal device 16 is applied, and it is equipped with a normally open and lock-type push switch that is pressed during a fire. When the push button of the transmitter 62 is pressed, the push switch operates to close the switch terminals, and power is supplied to the optical transmission unit 20. By switching the optical path of the optical transmission unit 20, an optical signal corresponding to a fire alarm signal is transmitted to the disaster prevention receiving board, causing a fire alarm to be output on the disaster prevention receiving board side and performing interlocking control of emergency facilities such as displaying an entry prohibition sign on the tunnel entrance on the alarm display board installed at the tunnel entrance.

[0133] The response lamp 64 is lit by a response signal transmitted from the disaster prevention receiver when the disaster prevention receiver receives an optical signal corresponding to a fire alarm signal. Also, a linked push switch for response lighting that is linked to the push switch of the transmitter 62 is provided corresponding to the response lamp 64, and the response lamp 64 is lit on the condition that the linked push switch for response lighting linked to the closing of the push switch of the transmitter 62 is closed.

[0134] The right side of the fire hydrant storage part in the housing 50a is a valve storage part, and a fire hose is connected to the water supply pipe drawn in from the outside via a water supply faucet, a fire hydrant valve, and an automatic pressure regulating valve. Also, the fire hydrant valve is opened and closed by a fire hydrant valve opening and closing lever, and when the fire hydrant valve opening and closing lever is opened, a pump start linkage device 66 is provided in which a normally open push switch, for example, a limit switch that detects the lever open position, etc., is closed.

[0135] The pump start linkage device 66 is one to which the above-described disaster prevention terminal device 16 is applied. When the fire hydrant valve opening and closing lever is opened, the push switch operates and closes, power is supplied to the optical transmission unit 20, and the optical transmission unit 20 switches the optical path, whereby an optical signal corresponding to a pump start signal is transmitted to the disaster prevention receiver, and the disaster prevention receiver controls the start of the fire pump facility, etc., and also controls the simultaneous flashing of the red indicator lights 60 provided in all the fire hydrant devices 40.

[0136] Also, a pump start device 65 used by the fire department is provided inside the maintenance door 54 being opened. The pump start device 65 is one to which the above-described disaster prevention terminal device 16 is applied. When the pump start device 65 is operated, similar to the pump start linkage device 66, the push switch operates and closes, power is supplied to the optical transmission unit 20, and the optical transmission unit 20 switches the optical path, whereby an optical signal corresponding to a pump start signal is transmitted to the disaster prevention receiver, and the disaster prevention receiver controls the start of the fire pump facility, etc., and also controls the simultaneous flashing of the red indicator lights 60 provided in all the fire hydrant devices 40.

[0137] The pressure switch of the pump startup device 65 and the pressure switch of the pump startup interlocking device 66 are connected in parallel, and when the disaster prevention receiving panel receives an optical signal corresponding to a pump startup signal caused by either device, it controls the startup of the fire pump facility and the like.

[0138] Inside the inner back surface of the housing 50b behind the fire extinguisher door 56, a high-voltage terminal box 70a with a terminal block and a low-voltage terminal box 70b are arranged. The terminal block of the terminal box 70a is connected to the high-voltage signal wiring (AC power supply wiring 22) from the disaster prevention receiving panel, and internal electrical wiring is connected to the power supply circuit section for supplying DC power to the red indicator lamp 60 and the optical transmission section 20.

[0139] Also, the terminal block of the terminal box 70b is connected to the internal electrical wiring for the transmitter 62, the response lamp 64, the telephone jack, the pump startup device 65, the pump startup interlocking device 66, the optical transmission section 20, and the power supply circuit section.

[0140] Also, inside the inner back surface of the housing 50b behind the electrical equipment door 58, an optical transmission section 20 is arranged, which includes an optical transmission section corresponding to the pressure switch of the transmitter 62 and optical transmission sections corresponding to the pressure switches of the pump startup interlocking device 66 and the pump startup device 65. The optical transmission section 20 transmits an optical signal corresponding to a fire alarm signal corresponding to the operation of the pressure switch of the transmitter 62 to the disaster prevention receiving panel, and also transmits an optical signal corresponding to a pump startup signal corresponding to the operation of the pressure switch of the pump startup interlocking device 66 or the pump startup device 65 to the disaster prevention receiving panel. An optical fiber cable for constructing a loop optical transmission path by the downstream optical transmission path 12 and the upstream optical transmission path 14 is drawn in from the outside and connected to the optical transmission section 20.

[0141] (c2. Emergency equipment applying a disaster prevention system) Next, the emergency equipment to which the disaster prevention system is applied will be described. In this description, reference is made to FIG. 7 showing the emergency equipment to which the first embodiment of the disaster prevention system shown in FIG. 2 is applied. In FIG. 7, for the fire hydrant devices 40(40-1) to 40(40-3), the detailed configuration of the first-stage fire hydrant device 40(40-1) is shown, and for the fire hydrant devices 40(40-2) and 40(40-3) having basically the same configuration, the detailed configuration is omitted and only the blocks are shown.

[0142] As shown in FIG. 7, the emergency equipment includes a plurality of fire hydrant devices 40(40-1) to 40(40-3) equipped with a disaster prevention receiving panel 100 to which a host device is applied and a transmitter 62 etc. to which a disaster prevention terminal device is applied. The number of fire hydrant devices is arbitrary, and in the emergency equipment shown in FIG. 7, the number is the same as that of the disaster prevention terminal devices of the disaster prevention system shown in FIG. 2, which is three. Also, when it is not necessary to distinguish the fire hydrant devices 40(40-1) to 40(40-3), they are referred to as fire hydrant device 40.

[0143] A power supply wiring 22 which is a metal wiring, a downlink optical transmission path 12, an uplink optical transmission path 14, and a response optical transmission path 80 using an optical fiber cable are drawn out from the disaster prevention receiving panel 100.

[0144] The AC power supply lines 2210 and 2212 of the power supply wiring 22 are connected to the terminal block 32 of the terminal box 70a, and the red indicator lamp 60 and the power supply circuit section 30 are connected by internal electrical wiring. For example, a power supply of AC100V is supplied from the disaster prevention receiving panel 100 to the red indicator lamp 60 and the power supply circuit section 30. Also, the output section of the power supply circuit section 30 is connected to the terminal block 34 of the terminal box 70b by internal electrical wiring, and it is possible to generate and supply a power supply of, for example, DC48V from the supplied AC100V power supply.

[0145] Also, in the fire hydrant device 40, as equipment equipped with an operation switch, a transmitter 62, a pump starting device 65, and a pump starting interlocking device 66 are provided.

[0146] The transmitter 62 is provided with a pressure switch 2810 and an interlocking pressure switch 2812. When an abnormality such as a fire occurs and the road user operates the transmitter 62, the pressure switch 2810 and the interlocking switch 2812 are closed. One of the switch contacts of the pressure switch 2810 is connected to the positive side of the output section of the power supply circuit section 30 via the terminal block 34, and the other switch contact is connected to the negative side of the output section of the power supply circuit section 30 via the switching drive section (not shown) of the optical switch 2410 and the terminal block 34. Therefore, when the pressure switch 2810 operates and closes, a DC power supply is supplied from the power supply circuit section 30 to the optical switch 2410, and the optical switch 2410 switches the optical path.

[0147] The interlocking pressure switch 2812 is provided to light the response lamp 64. One of the switch terminals is connected to the positive side of the output section of the power supply circuit section 30 via the terminal block 34, and the other switch terminal is connected to the negative side of the output section of the power supply circuit section 30 via the response lamp 64, the optoelectronic switch 86, and so on.

[0148] Here, when the transmitter 62 is operated and the pressure switch 2810 is closed, the optical path is switched by the optical switch 2410. The disaster prevention receiving board 100 receives an optical signal (received signal) whose signal level is increased compared to the normal time corresponding to the fire notification signal, discriminates the operation of the transmitter 62, and performs a predetermined reception process. As one of the reception processes, the laser diode of the optical transmission section 112 is driven to emit light, and a response optical signal is output via the response optical transmission path 80.

[0149] The response optical signal output from the disaster prevention receiver 100 to the response optical transmission line 80 enters the optical splitter 82 provided in the fire hydrant device 40 (40-1), and one of the optical signals divided at a predetermined power ratio enters the optoelectronic switch 86 of the fire hydrant device 40 (40-1), and the optoelectronic switch 86 of the fire hydrant device 40 (40-1) closes. The other optical signal divided by the optical splitter 82 of the fire hydrant device 40 (40-1) enters the fire hydrant device 40 (40-2) via the response optical transmission line 80, and one of the optical signals divided at a predetermined power ratio by the optical splitter 82 of the fire hydrant device 40 (40-2) is input to the optoelectronic switch 86, and the other optical signal is output to the fire hydrant device 40 (40-3). Note that the third-stage fire hydrant device 40 (40-3) is directly input to the optoelectronic switch 86 without providing an optical splitter 82, and for example, a phototransistor or the like is used as the optoelectronic switch 86.

[0150] When an optical signal is input to the optoelectronic switch 86 and it closes, in the fire hydrant device 40 where the transmitter 62 has been operated, since the interlocking push switch 2812 of the transmitter 62 has already closed in conjunction with the operation of the transmitter 62, the DC power supply from the output section of the power supply circuit section 30 is supplied to the response lamp 64, the response lamp 64 lights up, and it is possible for the fire hydrant device 40 where the transmitter 62 has been operated to confirm that the disaster prevention receiver 100 has performed the reception process for the fire alarm. Also, in the fire hydrant device 40 where the transmitter 62 has not been operated, although the optoelectronic switch 86 closes, since the interlocking push switch 2812 is not closed, the response lamp 64 does not light up.

[0151] The pump starting device 65 includes a push switch 2814, and for example, when the pump starting device 65 is operated by the fire brigade, it is pressed and the push switch 2814 closes. One of the switch terminals of the push switch 2814 is connected to the positive side of the output section of the power supply circuit section 30 via the terminal block 34, and the other of the switch terminals is connected to the negative side of the output section of the power supply circuit section 30 via the switching drive section (not shown) of the optical switch 2412 and the terminal block 34. Therefore, when the push switch 2814 operates and closes, the DC power supply from the power supply circuit section 30 is supplied to the optical switch 2412, and the optical switch 2412 switches the optical path.

[0152] The pump startup interlocking device 66 includes a pressure switch 2816. For example, when the fire hydrant valve opening / closing lever is operated to the open position, the pressure switch 2816 closes. One of the switch terminals of the pressure switch 2816 is connected to one of the switch terminals of the pressure switch 2814, and the other switch terminal is connected to the other switch terminal of the pressure switch 2814. Thus, the pressure switch 2816 is connected in parallel with the pressure switch 2814 of the pump startup device 65. Therefore, when the pressure switch 2816 is activated and closed, similar to when the pressure switch 2814 is closed, DC power is supplied from the power circuit unit 30 to the optical switch 2412, and the optical switch 2412 switches the optical path.

[0153] Here, the pressure switch 2814 of the pump startup device 65 and the pressure switch 2816 of the pump startup interlocking device 66 are connected in parallel, and when either pressure switch is closed, DC power is supplied to the optical switch 2412. Therefore, they can be regarded as substantially one operating switch. For this reason, the fire hydrant device 40 is provided with the pressure switch 2810 of the transmitter 62 and the pressure switches 2814 and 2816 of the pump startup device 65 and the pump startup interlocking device 66, which can be regarded as one operating switch, as two different operating switches, and an optical transmission unit corresponding to these two different operating switches is provided.

[0154] The optical transmission unit 20 includes an optical switch 2410 and an optical combiner 2610 as the optical transmission unit corresponding to the pressure switch 2810 of the transmitter 62, and includes an optical switch 2412 and an optical combiner 2612 as the optical transmission unit corresponding to the pressure switches 2814 and 2816 of the pump startup device 65 and the pump startup interlocking device 66.

[0155] Here, since the fire hydrant device 40 is provided with two different operation switches and different optical switches and optical combiners corresponding to these operation switches, it is conceivable to separate the optical transmission paths separately corresponding to the operation switches. However, the optical signals input to and output from the optical transmission path from the optical transmission unit 104 of the disaster prevention receiving panel 100 are one optical signal (synthesized optical signal) in which two optical signals of different wavelengths are synthesized. When it is input to each fire hydrant device 40, the optical signals are separated for each wavelength, and when it is output from each fire hydrant device 40, they are synthesized again to be output as one optical signal, and a part of the optical transmission paths of the two different operation switches is shared.

[0156] In order to separate the synthesized optical signal input from the disaster prevention receiving panel 100 side at each fire hydrant device 40, a wavelength demultiplexer 72 is provided on the disaster prevention receiving panel 100 side of the optical switches 2410 and 2412. The wavelength demultiplexer 72 separates the synthesized optical signal input via the downstream optical transmission path 12, for example, an optical signal in which a first wavelength optical signal of wavelength λ1 and a second wavelength optical signal of wavelength λ2 are synthesized, into the first wavelength optical signal and the second wavelength optical signal, inputs the first wavelength optical signal to the optical switch 2410 via the downstream optical transmission path 1210, and inputs the second wavelength optical signal to the optical switch 2412 via the downstream optical transmission path 1212. As the wavelengths λ1 and λ2, arbitrary wavelengths can be used, but they may be two wavelengths in the 1550 nm band.

[0157] Also, in order to synthesize the first wavelength optical signal and the second wavelength optical signal again at each fire hydrant device 40 and output the synthesized optical signal to the optical termination unit 18 side, a wavelength multiplexer 74 is provided on the optical termination unit 18 side of the optical switches 2410 and 2410. The wavelength multiplexer 74 synthesizes the first wavelength optical signal output from the optical switch 2410 via the downstream optical transmission path 1210 and the second wavelength optical signal output from the optical switch 2412 via the downstream optical transmission path 1212, and outputs the synthesized optical signal to the downstream optical transmission path 12 toward the next-stage fire hydrant device 40 or the optical termination unit 18 located on the optical termination unit 18 side.

[0158] In addition, in order to separate the combined optical signals input from the optical termination end 18 side by each fire hydrant device 40, a wavelength demultiplexer 76 is provided on the optical termination end 18 side of the optical combiners 2610 and 2612. The wavelength demultiplexer 76 separates the combined optical signals input via the upstream optical transmission path 14 into a first-wavelength optical signal and a second-wavelength optical signal, inputs the first-wavelength optical signal to the optical combiner 2610 via the upstream optical transmission path 1410, and inputs the second-wavelength optical signal to the optical combiner 2612 via the upstream optical transmission path 1412.

[0159] In addition, in order to recombine the first-wavelength optical signal and the second-wavelength optical signal again by each fire hydrant device 40 and output the combined optical signal to the disaster prevention receiving panel 100 side again, a wavelength multiplexer 78 is provided on the disaster prevention receiving panel 100 side of the optical combiners 2610 and 2612. The wavelength multiplexer 78 combines the first-wavelength optical signal output from the optical combiner 2610 via the upstream optical transmission path 1410 and the second-wavelength optical signal output from the optical combiner 2612 via the upstream optical transmission path 1412, and outputs the combined optical signal to the upstream optical transmission path 14 toward the fire hydrant device 40 or the disaster prevention receiving panel 100 located on the upstream side.

[0160] Note that the functions of the optical switches 2410 and 2412 are the same as those in the first embodiment of FIG. 2. When the corresponding operation switches are inoperative, the first or second optical wavelength signals input from the downstream optical transmission paths 1210 and 1212 on the disaster prevention receiving panel 100 side are switched to be output to the downstream optical transmission paths 1210 and 1212 on the optical termination end 18 side. When the operation switches are activated, the first or second optical wavelength signals input from the downstream optical transmission paths 1210 and 1212 on the disaster prevention receiving panel 100 side are switched to be output to the bypass optical transmission paths 1510 and 1512.

[0161] In addition, the combined optical signals input to the disaster prevention receiving panel 100 via the upstream optical transmission path 14 are separated into a first-wavelength optical signal and a second-wavelength optical signal by the wavelength demultiplexer 106, and then converted into electrical signals by the optical receivers 108 and 110 and input to the monitoring and control unit 102.

[0162] When the pressing switch 2810 is activated and closed by operating the transmitter 62, a first-wavelength optical signal is output to the bypass optical transmission path 1510 by the switching operation of the optical switch 2410. Since the first-wavelength optical signal does not pass through the optical termination unit 18, the signal level of the received signal corresponding to the first-wavelength optical signal received by the disaster prevention receiving board 100 increases more than normal and becomes equal to or exceeds a predetermined threshold value. The disaster prevention receiving board 100 determines the operation of the transmitter as the reception of an optical signal corresponding to a fire alarm signal, performs predetermined reception processing including a fire alarm, outputs an optical signal to the response optical transmission path 80, and lights the response lamp 64 of the fire hydrant device 40 operated by the transmitter 62.

[0163] Also, when the fire hydrant valve opening / closing lever is operated to the open position to extinguish a fire using the fire hydrant device 40, the pressing switch 2816 of the pump start interlocking device 66 is activated and closed, and a second-wavelength optical signal is output to the bypass optical transmission path 1512 by the switching operation of the optical switch 2412. Since the second-wavelength optical signal does not pass through the optical termination unit 18, the signal level of the received signal corresponding to the second-wavelength optical signal received by the disaster prevention receiving board 100 increases more than normal and becomes equal to or exceeds a predetermined threshold value. The disaster prevention receiving board 100 determines the operation of the pump start device 65 or the pump start interlocking device 66 as the reception of an optical signal corresponding to a pump start signal, and performs start control of the fire extinguishing pump facility.

[0164] Also, the disaster prevention receiving board 100 disconnects the AC100V supplied by the power supply wiring 22 in accordance with the start control of the fire extinguishing pump facility, blinks the red indicator lights 60 provided on all the fire hydrant devices 40, and notifies the occurrence of a fire. For this reason, the power supply circuit unit 30 of the fire hydrant device 40 is provided with a stabilization circuit that suppresses fluctuations in the output DC power even when there is a connection / disconnection of AC100V for blinking the red indicator light 60. Also, when the fire department operates the pump start device 65 and the pressing switch 2814 is activated and closed, it is the same as the case when the pressing switch 2816 of the pump start interlocking device 66 is activated and closed.

[0165] [d. Second Embodiment of the Disaster Prevention System] Next, a second embodiment of the disaster prevention system will be described. The second embodiment of the disaster prevention system is obtained by adding a loop optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring to the first embodiment of the disaster prevention system described above, enabling disconnection monitoring of the internal electrical wiring of the disaster prevention terminal device.

[0166] (d1. Outline of the Second Embodiment of the Disaster Prevention System First, the outline of the second embodiment of the disaster prevention system will be described. In this description, refer to FIG. 8 showing the outline of the second embodiment of the disaster prevention system that enables disconnection monitoring of the internal electrical wiring.

[0167] As shown in FIG. 8, in the second embodiment of the disaster prevention system, for example, three disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16 - 1) to 16(16 - 3) are installed in a predetermined monitoring area monitored by the upper device 10.

[0168] In the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16 - 1) to 16(16 - 3), an optical transmission unit 20 for operation switch monitoring (also referred to as the optical transmission unit 20 for operation monitoring in the second embodiment) is provided to monitor the operation of the operation switch in the same manner as in the first embodiment described above. In the second embodiment, furthermore, a disconnection monitoring optical transmission unit 130 is provided to monitor the disconnection of the internal electrical wiring.

[0169] The optical transmission unit 20 for operation monitoring and the disconnection monitoring optical transmission unit 130 are provided as independent optical transmission systems. The optical transmission system for operation monitoring constructs an operation monitoring loop optical transmission line by connecting between the upper device 10 and the optical termination unit 18 through the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16 - 1) to 16(16 - 3) via the downlink optical transmission line 12 and the uplink optical transmission line 14, in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

[0170] The disconnection monitoring optical transmission system constructs a disconnection monitoring loop optical transmission line by connecting between the upper device 10 and the disconnection monitoring optical termination unit 180 through the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16 - 1) to 16(16 - 3) via the disconnection monitoring downlink optical transmission line 120 and the disconnection monitoring uplink optical transmission line 140.

[0171] Also, similar to the first embodiment, a power supply wiring 22 is connected from the host device 10 to the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3). In FIG. 8, the description of the operation switch 28 shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 1 is omitted.

[0172] (d2. Configuration of the Second Embodiment of the Disaster Prevention System) Next, the configuration of the second embodiment of the disaster prevention system will be described. In this description, refer to FIG. 9 showing the configuration of the second embodiment of the disaster prevention system. In FIG. 9, for the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3), the detailed configuration of the first-stage disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1) is shown, and for the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-2) and 16(16-3) having basically the same configuration, the detailed configuration is omitted and only the blocks are shown.

[0173] As shown in the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-1) of FIG. 9, the disaster prevention terminal device 16 is provided with an optical switch 24, an optical combiner 26, an operation switch 28, and a power supply circuit unit 30 that constitute an optical transmission unit 20, similar to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2. Since the configuration for operation monitoring is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

[0174] The internal electrical wiring to be monitored for disconnection in this embodiment is the internal electrical wiring connecting between the power supply circuit unit 30 and the operation switch 28, the internal electrical wiring connecting between the operation switch 28 and the switching drive unit (not shown) of the optical switch 24, and the internal electrical wiring connecting between the switching drive unit of the optical switch 24 and the power supply circuit unit 30. In order to detect the disconnection of these internal electrical wirings, the disaster prevention terminal device 16 is provided with a disconnection detection circuit unit including a first disconnection detection circuit unit 200, a second disconnection detection circuit unit 210, and a disconnection determination circuit unit 220.

[0175] Also, in order to transmit the detection result of the disconnection of the internal electrical wiring detected by the disconnection detection circuit unit to the host device 10 by optical transmission, the disaster prevention terminal device 16 is provided with a disconnection monitoring optical switch 240 and a disconnection monitoring optical combiner 260 that constitute the disconnection monitoring optical transmission unit 130 of FIG. 8.

[0176] The optical switch 240 for disconnection monitoring switches the optical path to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission line 120 for disconnection monitoring on the upper device 10 side to the downstream optical transmission line 120 for disconnection monitoring on the optical termination part 180 side for disconnection monitoring, or to output it to the bypass optical transmission line 150 for disconnection monitoring for the optical combiner 260 for disconnection monitoring.

[0177] During normal times (when no disconnection of the internal electrical wiring is detected) in the disconnection detection circuit section, the optical switch 240 for disconnection monitoring switches the optical path so as to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission line 120 for disconnection monitoring on the upper device 10 side to the downstream optical transmission line 120 for disconnection monitoring on the optical termination part 180 side for disconnection monitoring.

[0178] Therefore, during normal times, the optical signal for disconnection monitoring (received signal) received by the optical receiver 1018 of the upper device 10 is an optical signal affected by the attenuation of the specific attenuation amount set in the optical termination part 180 for disconnection monitoring. Since the received signal satisfies the third optical attenuation condition affected by the specific attenuation amount of the optical termination part 180 for disconnection monitoring, for example, the received signal level is below or less than a predetermined threshold corresponding to the signal level affected by the fixed attenuation amount of the optical termination part 180 for disconnection monitoring, the monitoring control section 1010 of the upper device 10 determines that the internal electrical wiring is not disconnected (normal).

[0179] On the other hand, when the disconnection detection circuit section detects a disconnection of the internal electrical wiring, the optical switch 240 for disconnection monitoring switches the optical path so as to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission line 120 for disconnection monitoring on the upper device 10 side to the bypass optical transmission line 150 for disconnection monitoring for the optical combiner 260 for disconnection monitoring.

[0180] Therefore, when the disconnection detection circuit section detects a disconnection of the internal electrical wiring, the received signal is an optical signal that does not undergo attenuation by the specific attenuation amount set for the disconnection monitoring optical terminator 180 without passing through the disconnection monitoring optical terminator 180. Since the received signal satisfies the fourth optical attenuation condition where it is not affected by the specific attenuation amount of the disconnection monitoring optical terminator 180, for example, the received signal level is equal to or exceeds a predetermined threshold corresponding to the signal level not affected by the fixed attenuation amount of the disconnection monitoring optical terminator 180, the monitoring control section 1010 of the host device 10 determines that there is a disconnection in the internal electrical wiring.

[0181] Here, the attenuation of the optical signal passing through the loop optical transmission path in which the host device 10, the disconnection monitoring optical switch 240, the disconnection monitoring optical combiner 260, and the disconnection monitoring optical terminator 180 of each disaster prevention terminal device 16 are connected by the downlink optical transmission path 120 and the uplink optical transmission path 140 for disconnection monitoring is the same as that in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 4.

[0182] That is, the optical signal (received signal) for disconnection monitoring received by the optical receiver 1018 of the host device 10 during normal times when the disconnection detection circuit section does not detect a disconnection in the internal electrical wiring has undergone 21 dB of attenuation. By setting the threshold corresponding to the signal level affected by the fixed attenuation amount of the disconnection monitoring optical terminator 180, which is shown as an example of the third optical attenuation condition, to -12 dB as in the first embodiment, it is determined that the internal electrical wiring is not disconnected (normal).

[0183] Also, when a disconnection in the internal electrical wiring is detected in any of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16 - 1) to 16(16 - 3), the optical signal (received signal) for disconnection monitoring received by the optical receiver 1018 of the host device 10 has undergone 2 dB, 4 dB, or 6 dB of attenuation. By setting the threshold corresponding to the signal level not affected by the fixed attenuation amount of the disconnection monitoring optical terminator 180, which is shown as an example of the fourth optical attenuation condition, to -12 dB as in the first embodiment, it is determined that there is a disconnection in the internal electrical wiring.

[0184] (d3. Configuration of the disconnection detection circuit section) Next, the configuration of the disconnection detection circuit section will be described. In this description, refer to FIG. 10 showing the details of the disconnection detection circuit section.

[0185] As shown in FIG. 10, the disconnection detection circuit section includes a first disconnection detection circuit section 200, a second disconnection detection circuit section 210, and a disconnection determination circuit section 220.

[0186] The first disconnection detection circuit section 200 detects disconnections of the internal electrical wiring between the power supply circuit section 30 and the operation switch 28, and the internal electrical wiring between the optical switch 24 and the power supply circuit section 30. A detection switch circuit is provided in which a transistor 202 and a resistor 204 are connected in series between one of the switch terminals of the operation switch 28 (the plus-side terminal of the power supply circuit section 30) and the other of the connection points of the internal electrical wiring of the optical switch 24 (the minus-side connection point of the power supply circuit section 30), and resistors 206 and 208 for applying a predetermined divided voltage to the base of the transistor 202 are connected in series, and the output from the emitter of the transistor 202 is input to the disconnection determination circuit section 220.

[0187] The second disconnection detection circuit section 210 detects disconnections of the internal electrical wiring between the operation switch 28 and the optical switch 24 that cannot be detected by the first disconnection detection circuit section 200. A detection switch circuit is provided in which a transistor 212 and a resistor 214 are connected in series between one of the connection points of the internal electrical wiring of the optical switch 24 (the connection point on the operation switch 28 side) and the minus side of the power supply circuit section 30, and resistors 216 and 218 for applying a predetermined divided voltage to the base of the transistor 212 are connected in series, and the output from the emitter of the transistor 212 is input to the AND circuit section 230.

[0188] Also, in order for the second disconnection detection circuit unit 210 to detect a disconnection in the internal electrical wiring between the operation switch 28 and the optical switch 24, it is necessary to wire between the plus side of the power supply circuit unit 30 and the other switch terminal of the operation switch 28 (the terminal on the optical switch 24 side). However, even when the operation switch 28 is not operating, the power supply circuit unit 30 supplies power to the optical switch 24 through this wiring. Therefore, the second disconnection detection circuit unit 210 includes a current limiting resistor 219 in the wiring between the plus side of the output unit of the power supply circuit unit 30 and the other switch terminal of the operation switch 28. The current limiting resistor 219 limits the current flowing through the optical switch 24 when the operation switch 28 is not operating, so that even if power is supplied to the switching drive unit of the optical switch 24 when the operation switch 28 is not operating, the drive current required for the switching operation is not supplied. As a result, the switching operation of the optical switch 24 is not performed.

[0189] The disconnection determination circuit unit 220 determines whether or not there is a disconnection based on the detection results of the first disconnection detection circuit unit 200 and the second disconnection detection circuit unit 210, and controls the switching operation of the switching drive unit of the disconnection monitoring optical switch 240. It includes a transistor 222 between the power supply circuit unit 30 and the disconnection monitoring optical switch 240, and an AND circuit 224 that turns on the transistor 222 on the condition of two inputs (non-disconnection of the internal electrical wiring), namely, the input from the emitter of the transistor 202 of the first disconnection detection circuit unit 200 and the input from the emitter of the transistor 212 of the second disconnection detection circuit unit 210.

[0190] When there is no disconnection in the internal electrical wiring, power is supplied from the power supply circuit unit 30 to the first disconnection detection circuit unit 200 and the second disconnection detection circuit unit 210. The transistor 202 of the first disconnection detection circuit unit 200 and the transistor 212 of the second disconnection detection circuit unit are both on. Due to the two inputs from the transistor 202 and the transistor 212 to the AND circuit 224 of the disconnection determination circuit unit 220, the transistor 222 of the disconnection determination circuit unit 220 is on, and power is supplied to the drive switching unit of the disconnection monitoring optical switch 240. The disconnection monitoring optical switch 240 in the power-supplied state switches the optical path to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission path 120 for disconnection monitoring on the upper device 10 side to the downstream optical transmission path 120 for disconnection monitoring on the disconnection monitoring optical termination unit 180 side.

[0191] On the other hand, when a disconnection occurs in any of the internal electrical wirings, for example, in the internal electrical wiring between the power supply circuit unit 30 and the operation switch 28, at least the power supply from the power supply circuit unit 30 to the first disconnection detection circuit unit 200 is cut off. The transistor 202 of the first disconnection detection circuit unit 200 is off. Since there is no input from the transistor 202 to the AND circuit 224 of the disconnection determination circuit unit 220, the transistor 222 of the disconnection determination circuit unit 220 is off, and the power supply to the drive switching unit of the disconnection monitoring optical switch 240 is cut off. The disconnection monitoring optical switch 240 in the non-powered state switches the optical path to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission path 120 for disconnection monitoring on the upper device 10 side to the bypass optical transmission path 150 for disconnection monitoring to the disconnection monitoring optical combiner 260.

[0192] Also, when a disconnection occurs in the internal electrical wiring between the operation switch 28 and the optical switch 24, the power supply from the power supply circuit unit 30 to the second disconnection detection circuit unit 210 is cut off. The transistor 212 of the second disconnection detection circuit unit 210 is off. Since there is no input from the transistor 212 to the AND circuit 224 of the disconnection determination circuit unit 220, similarly, the transistor 222 of the disconnection determination circuit unit 220 is also off, and the power supply to the drive switching unit of the disconnection monitoring optical switch 240 is cut off.

[0193] Here, the optical switch 24 and the disconnection monitoring optical switch 240 have the same configuration. However, the optical switch 24 outputs to the downstream optical transmission line 12 on the optical termination end 18 side in a state where no power is supplied (when the operation switch 28 is not operating), and outputs to the bypass optical transmission line 15 for the optical combiner 26 in a state where power is supplied (when the operation switch 28 is operating). In contrast, the disconnection monitoring optical switch 240 outputs to the disconnection monitoring downstream optical transmission line 12 on the disconnection monitoring optical termination end 180 side in a state where power is supplied (when no disconnection has occurred), and outputs to the disconnection monitoring bypass optical transmission line 150 for the disconnection monitoring optical combiner 260 in a state where no power is supplied (when a disconnection has occurred).

[0194] Therefore, if the inputs of the optical switch 24 and the disconnection monitoring optical switch 240 are a, the output in a state where no power is supplied is b, and the output in a state where power is supplied is c, as shown in FIG. 10, the optical switch 24 and the disconnection monitoring optical switch 240 are provided such that the outputs b and c are reversed.

[0195] (d4. Disconnection determination of internal electrical wiring by the upper device) Next, the disconnection determination of the internal signal wiring by the upper device will be described. In this description, refer to FIG. 11 showing the determination results corresponding to the combinations of the reception signal levels for operation monitoring and the reception signal levels for disconnection monitoring by the upper device in the second embodiment.

[0196] As described above, the disconnection detection of the internal electrical wiring in the disaster prevention terminal device 16 is performed by supplying power from the power supply circuit unit 30 to the first disconnection detection circuit unit 200, the second disconnection detection circuit unit 210, and the disconnection determination circuit unit 220 of the disconnection detection circuit unit and operating the transistors 202, 212, and 222.

[0197] However, when the operation switch 28 is pressed to close the switch terminals of the operation switch 28, the power supply necessary to operate the transistors 202, 212, and 222 is not supplied to the disconnection detection circuit section side, the transistor 222 of the disconnection determination circuit section 220 is turned off, and the disconnection monitoring optical switch 240 switches so as to output the optical signal input from the disconnection monitoring downstream optical transmission line 120 on the upper device 10 side to the disconnection monitoring bypass optical transmission line 150 for the disconnection monitoring optical combiner 260. There is a possibility that the signal level of the reception signal for disconnection monitoring received by the upper device 10 becomes the signal level (H level) that satisfies the fourth attenuation condition. Therefore, if the upper device 10 determines disconnection / non-disconnection only based on the condition of the reception signal level for disconnection monitoring, the upper device 10 may erroneously determine the operation of the operation switch 28 as a disconnection of the internal electrical wiring.

[0198] Therefore, the monitoring control unit 1010 of the upper device 10 determines the disconnection of the internal electrical wiring based on the condition combining the signal level of the reception signal for operation monitoring and the signal level of the reception signal for disconnection monitoring.

[0199] The signal level of the reception signal for operation monitoring received by the optical reception unit 1014 of the upper device 10 is determined to be the signal level (L level) that satisfies the first optical attenuation condition because it is subject to optical attenuation by the optical terminator 18 when the operation switch 28 is not operating, and is determined to be the signal level (H level) that satisfies the second optical attenuation condition because it does not pass through the optical terminator 18 when the operation switch 28 is operating.

[0200] Then, the monitoring control unit 1010 of the upper device 10 combines the determination result of the reception signal level for operation monitoring and the determination result of the reception signal level for disconnection monitoring as shown in the list in FIG. 11 to determine the operation and non-operation of the operation switch 28 and the disconnection and non-disconnection (normal) of the internal electrical wiring.

[0201] In the determination shown in FIG. 11, when both the received signal level for operation monitoring and the received signal level for disconnection monitoring are at the L level, it is determined that the operation switch is "inactive" and the internal electrical wiring is "not disconnected (normal)". Also, when the signal level for operation monitoring is at the L level and the signal level for disconnection monitoring is at the H level, it is determined that the operation switch is "inactive" and the internal electrical wiring is "disconnected". Further, when the signal level for operation monitoring is at the H level and the signal level for disconnection monitoring is at the L level, it is determined that the operation switch is "active" and the internal electrical wiring is "not disconnected". Additionally, when both the signal level for operation monitoring and the signal level for disconnection monitoring are at the H level, it is determined that the operation switch is "active" and the internal electrical wiring is "not disconnected".

[0202] (d5. Application of the Second Embodiment to Emergency Equipment) Next, the application of the second embodiment to emergency equipment such as tunnels will be briefly described. For the application of the optical transmission system for monitoring the disconnection of the internal electrical wiring according to the second embodiment, for each of the "push switch 2810 of the transmitter 62" and the "push switches 2814 and 2816 connected in parallel between the pump starting device 65 and the pump starting interlocking device 66", which are two different operation switches provided in the emergency equipment to which the first embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is applied, a disconnection monitoring optical transmission unit equipped with a disconnection monitoring optical switch 240 and a disconnection monitoring optical combiner 260 shown in FIG. 9, and a disconnection detection circuit unit equipped with a first disconnection detection circuit unit 200, a second disconnection detection circuit unit 210, and a disconnection determination circuit unit 220 are provided. A disconnection monitoring loop optical transmission path may be constructed by connecting the disaster prevention receiving panel, the fire hydrant device, and the terminator with the disconnection monitoring upstream optical transmission path and the disconnection monitoring downstream optical transmission path.

[0203] In addition, for the optical transmission unit for disconnection monitoring, in the same manner as shown in FIG. 7, a wavelength demultiplexer is arranged on the disaster prevention receiving board side of the optical switch for disconnection monitoring, and a wavelength multiplexer is arranged on the optical termination unit side for disconnection monitoring. Also, a wavelength demultiplexer is arranged on the disaster prevention receiving board side of the optical multiplexer and coupler, and a wavelength multiplexer is arranged on the optical termination unit side for disconnection monitoring, so that the optical signal can be combined as a separated and combined optical signal into a first wavelength optical signal for disconnection monitoring corresponding to the push switch 2810 of the transmitter 62 and a second wavelength optical signal for disconnection monitoring corresponding to the push switches 2814 and 2816 connected in parallel to the pump starting device 65 and the pump starting interlocking device 66.

[0204] [g. Modification Example of the Present Invention] A modification example of the disaster prevention system and the disaster prevention terminal device according to the present invention will be described. The disaster prevention system and the disaster prevention terminal device of the present invention include the following modifications in addition to the above-described embodiments.

[0205] (Disaster Prevention System) In the above-described embodiment, the case where the disaster prevention system is applied to emergency facilities such as tunnels is taken as an example. However, the devices and facilities to which the disaster prevention terminal device and the disaster prevention system are applied are arbitrary. For example, the disaster prevention terminal device may be applied to a manual reporting device connected to the disaster prevention receiving board. The manual reporting device is provided with a transmitter, and by similarly constructing an optical transmission system for the transmitter, the operating state of the transmitter can be monitored.

[0206] (Loop Optical Transmission Path) In the above-described embodiment, the downlink optical transmission path 12 and the uplink optical transmission path 14 between the disaster prevention receiving board 100 (upper device), the fire hydrant device 40 (disaster prevention terminal device), and the optical termination unit 18 are each configured as a single optical transmission path to form a loop optical transmission path, but it is not limited thereto. For example, for each type of operation switch, that is, the optical transmission path used for monitoring the operation of the transmitters of a plurality of fire hydrant devices 40 and the optical transmission path used for monitoring the operation of the pump starting devices of a plurality of fire hydrant devices 40 may be respectively different optical transmission paths, and a plurality of loop optical transmission paths may be configured corresponding to the types of operation switches.

[0207] (Upper Device Connected to a Plurality of Loop Optical Transmission Paths) In the above-described embodiment, the disaster prevention receiving panel 100 (upper device) is connected to one fire hydrant device system composed of a plurality of fire hydrant devices 40 (disaster prevention terminal devices) and a loop optical transmission line, but it may also be connected to a plurality of fire hydrant device systems. Further, when connecting a plurality of fire hydrant device systems to the disaster prevention receiving panel 100, the optical transmission unit of the disaster prevention receiving panel 100 may be shared, and the optical signal transmitted from the optical transmission unit may be branched by an optical splitter and transmitted to each fire hydrant device system. Even when the optical transmission unit is shared, an optical reception unit for acquiring the signal level (received signal level) of the optical signal is provided for each fire hydrant device system.

[0208] (Identification of the disaster prevention terminal device that has operated the operation switch) As a modification of the first embodiment of the disaster prevention system, in the disaster prevention terminal device 16 shown in FIG. 4, based on the difference in the signal level (attenuation amount) of the received signal received by the upper device 10 when the operation switch 28 is operated, the disaster prevention terminal device 16 in which the operation switch 28 is operated may be identified.

[0209] Here, in order to improve the identification accuracy of the disaster prevention terminal device 16 in which the operation switch 28 is operated, fixed optical attenuators (optical attenuators) with different attenuation amounts are arranged in the bypass optical transmission lines 15 of the second and third stage disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-2), 16(16-3) shown in FIG. 2, so as to increase the attenuation amount of the optical signals bypassed by the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-2), 16(16-3).

[0210] The attenuation amount of the fixed optical attenuator arranged in the bypass optical transmission line 15 is arbitrary. For example, a fixed optical attenuator with an attenuation amount of 2 dB is arranged in the bypass optical transmission line 15 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-2), and a fixed optical attenuator with an attenuation amount of 4 dB is arranged in the bypass optical transmission line 15 of the disaster prevention terminal device 16(16-3). In this case, when the operation switch 28 is operated in each of the disaster prevention terminal devices 16(16-1) to 16(16-3) received by the upper device 10, the attenuation amounts of the received signals are 2 dB, 6 dB, and 10 dB, respectively. The degree of change in the signal level of the received signal is increased due to the difference in the disaster prevention terminal device 16 in which the operation switch 28 is operated, making it possible to more accurately determine the disaster prevention terminal device 16 in which the operation switch 28 is operated.

[0211] (Others) In addition, the present invention includes appropriate modifications that do not impair its objects and advantages, and is not limited by the numerical values shown in the above embodiments.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0212] 10: Upper device 102, 1010: Monitoring and control unit 104, 112, 1012, 1016: Optical transmission unit 108, 110, 1014, 1018: Optical reception unit 12, 1210, 1212: Downlink optical transmission line 14, 1410, 1412: Uplink optical transmission line 15, 1510, 1512: Bypass optical transmission line 16, 16(16 - 1)~16(16 - 3): Disaster prevention terminal device 18: Optical termination unit 20: Optical transmission unit 22: Power wiring 2210, 2212: AC power line 24: Optical switch 26: Optical combiner 28: Operation switch 30: Power supply circuit unit 32, 34: Terminal block 36, 82: Optical splitter 38: Optoelectronic conversion power supply circuit unit 40, 40(40 - 1)~40(40 - 3): Fire hydrant device 50a, 50b: Housing 51a, 51b: Decorative frame 52: Fire hydrant door 52a, 54a, 56a, 58a: Hinge 54: Maintenance door 56: Fire extinguisher door 57: Peephole 58: Electrical equipment door 60: Red indicator light 62: Transmitter 64: Response lamp 65: Pump starting device 66: Pump starting interlocking device 67: Telephone Jack 68: Fire Extinguisher 70a: Terminal Box 70b: Terminal Box 72,76: Wavelength Demultiplexer 74,78: Wavelength Multiplexer 80: Response Optical Transmission Line 82: Optical Splitter 86: Optoelectronic Switch 100: Disaster Prevention Receiver Panel 120: Downlink Optical Transmission Line for Disconnection Monitoring 130: Optical Transmission Unit for Disconnection Monitoring 140: Uplink Optical Transmission Line for Disconnection Monitoring 150: Bypass Optical Transmission Line for Disconnection Monitoring 180: Optical Termination Unit for Disconnection Monitoring 200: First Disconnection Detection Circuit Unit 202,212,222: Transistor 204,206,208,214,216,218: Resistor 210: Second Disconnection Detection Circuit Unit 219: Current Limiting Resistor 220: Disconnection Judgment Circuit Unit 224: AND Circuit 240: Optical Switch for Disconnection Monitoring 260: Optical Multiplexer for Disconnection Monitoring

Claims

1. By sequentially connecting the downstream optical transmission line and the upstream optical transmission line from the upper device to a predetermined number of disaster prevention terminal devices, a loop optical transmission line is configured between the upper device and the optical terminator located at the end, A predetermined attenuation amount is set for the optical terminator, The disaster prevention terminal device, An operation switch that operates by a predetermined operation, When the operation switch is actuated, an optical transmission unit that switches the optical path of the optical signal so that the optical signal output to the downstream optical transmission line from the upper device is bypassed to the upstream optical transmission line in the middle of the downstream optical transmission line without passing through the optical terminator, Comprising, The upper device determines the operation of the operation switch based on the change in the attenuation amount or signal level of the optical signal output to the downstream optical transmission line and input from the upstream optical transmission line, and performs a predetermined reception process. A disaster prevention system characterized by this.

2. The disaster prevention system according to claim 1, The optical transmission unit of the disaster prevention terminal device, When the operation switch is not actuated, it switches to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission line on the upper device side to the downstream optical transmission line on the optical terminator side, and when the operation switch is actuated, it switches to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission line on the upper device side to the bypass optical transmission line that bypasses the optical signal to the upstream optical transmission line on the upper device side. An optical switch, An optical combiner that outputs the optical signal from the upstream optical transmission line on the optical terminator side and the optical signal from the bypass optical transmission line to the upstream optical transmission line on the upper device side, A disaster prevention system characterized by comprising.

3. The disaster prevention system according to claim 1, The upper device, When the first optical attenuation condition when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line is affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical terminator is satisfied, it is determined that the operation switch is not actuated, A disaster prevention system characterized in that when the second optical attenuation condition when the optical signal input from the upstream optical transmission line is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical terminator is satisfied, it is determined that the operation switch is actuated.

4. The disaster prevention system according to claim 1, The control circuit unit including the operation switch for switching the optical path by the optical transmission unit operates by power supply through the electrical wiring connected from the upper device to the disaster prevention terminal device. A disaster prevention system characterized by this.

5. The disaster prevention system according to claim 1, The control circuit unit including the operation switch for switching the optical path of the optical transmission unit branches a part of the optical signal input to the downstream optical transmission path on the upper device side with an optical splitter, and operates with a power supply obtained by photoelectrically converting a part of the optical signal. A disaster prevention system characterized by that.

6. The disaster prevention system according to claim 1, wherein the upper device is a disaster prevention receiving panel, and the disaster prevention terminal device is a predetermined device provided in a fire hydrant device. A disaster prevention system characterized by that.

7. The disaster prevention system according to claim 6, wherein the predetermined device provided in the fire hydrant device is a transmitter provided with a push switch that, when pressed, causes the optical transmission unit to switch the optical path so as to bypass the optical signal to the upstream optical transmission path in the middle of the downstream optical transmission path without passing through the optical termination unit, and the disaster prevention receiving panel receives an optical signal corresponding to a fire alarm signal. A disaster prevention system characterized by that.

8. The disaster prevention system according to claim 6, wherein the predetermined device provided in the fire hydrant device is a pump starting device provided with a push switch that, when pressed, causes the optical transmission unit to switch the optical path so as to bypass the optical signal to the upstream optical transmission path in the middle of the downstream optical transmission path without passing through the optical termination unit, and the disaster prevention receiving panel receives an optical signal corresponding to a pump starting signal; and a pump starting interlocking device provided with a push switch that is connected in parallel to the push switch of the pump starting device and, when detecting an opening operation of a fire hydrant valve, causes the optical transmission unit to switch the optical path so as to bypass the optical signal to the upstream optical transmission path in the middle of the downstream optical transmission path without passing through the optical termination unit, and the disaster prevention receiving panel receives an optical signal corresponding to the pump starting signal. A disaster prevention system characterized by that.

9. The disaster prevention system according to claim 1, wherein the disaster prevention terminal device includes a plurality of operation switches as the operation switch, and includes a plurality of optical transmission units corresponding to the plurality of operation switches as the optical transmission unit, and further a wavelength demultiplexer that separates the optical signal input from the downstream transmission path on the upper device side into optical signals of different wavelengths and outputs them to the plurality of optical transmission units; and a first wavelength multiplexer that synthesizes optical signals of different wavelengths output from the plurality of optical transmission units to the optical termination unit side and outputs them to the downstream optical transmission path on the optical termination unit side. A second wavelength multiplexer that combines an optical signal bypassed by any one of the plurality of optical transmission units with an optical signal input from the upstream transmission path on the optical termination unit side and outputs the combined signal to the upstream optical transmission path on the upper device side. Comprising: The upper device outputs optical signals including different wavelengths to the downstream optical transmission path and receives optical signals including different wavelengths from the upstream optical transmission path. The upper device determines the operation of each operation switch based on the attenuation amount or the change in the signal level of the optical signals of each wavelength included in the input optical signals with different wavelengths and performs a predetermined reception process. A disaster prevention system characterized by this.

10. The disaster prevention system according to claim 1, further comprising: By sequentially connecting the downstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring and the upstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring from the upper device to the predetermined number of disaster prevention terminal devices, a loop optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring is configured between the upper device and the optical termination unit for disconnection monitoring located at the end. A predetermined attenuation amount is set in the optical termination unit for disconnection monitoring. The disaster prevention terminal device A disconnection detection circuit unit that detects a disconnection in the internal electrical wiring of a control circuit unit including the operation switch for switching the optical path by the optical transmission unit. When a disconnection is detected by the disconnection detection circuit unit, an optical signal output from the upper device to the downstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring is bypassed to the upstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring in the middle of the downstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring without passing through the optical termination unit for disconnection monitoring. A disconnection monitoring optical transmission unit that switches the optical path of the optical signal. Comprising: The upper device determines the disconnection of the internal electrical wiring based on the attenuation amount or the change in the signal level of the optical signal output to the downstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring and input from the upstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring. A disaster prevention system characterized by this.

11. The disaster prevention system according to claim 10, wherein The disconnection monitoring optical transmission unit of the disaster prevention terminal device When no disconnection is detected by the disconnection detection circuit unit, it switches to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side to the downstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring on the optical termination unit side for disconnection monitoring. When a disconnection is detected by the disconnection detection circuit unit, it switches to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side to the disconnection monitoring bypass optical transmission path that is bypassed to the upstream optical transmission path for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side. A disconnection monitoring optical switch. A disconnection monitoring optical combiner that outputs an optical signal from the upward optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring and an optical signal from the bypass optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring on the optical terminal side to the upward optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring on the upper device side, A disaster prevention system characterized by comprising the same.

12. The disaster prevention system according to claim 10, wherein the upper device determines that the internal electrical wiring is not disconnected when the third optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upward optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is affected by the attenuation amount set for the disconnection monitoring optical terminal, A disaster prevention system characterized in that when the fourth optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upward optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the disconnection monitoring optical terminal, it is determined that the internal electrical wiring is disconnected.

13. The disaster prevention system according to claim 10, wherein the upper device determines that the internal electrical wiring is not disconnected when the third optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upward optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is affected by the attenuation amount set for the disconnection monitoring optical terminal, determines that the internal electrical wiring is not disconnected when the second optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upward optical transmission line is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical terminal and the fourth optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upward optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the disconnection monitoring optical terminal, A disaster prevention system characterized in that when the first optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upward optical transmission line is affected by the attenuation amount set for the optical terminal and the fourth optical attenuation condition is satisfied when the optical signal input from the upward optical transmission line for disconnection monitoring is not affected by the attenuation amount set for the disconnection monitoring optical terminal, it is determined that the internal electrical wiring is disconnected.

14. A disaster prevention terminal device provided in a loop optical transmission path configured between the upper device and the optical terminal by connecting the upper device to the optical terminal with a downstream optical transmission path and an upstream optical transmission path between the upper device and the optical terminal up to an optical terminal with a predetermined attenuation amount set, An operation switch that operates by a predetermined operation, An optical transmission unit that switches the optical path of an optical signal so that when the operation switch operates and is provided in the loop optical transmission path, the optical signal output from the host device to the downstream optical transmission path is bypassed to the upstream optical transmission path in the middle of the downstream optical transmission path without passing through the optical termination unit; A disaster prevention terminal device characterized by comprising the above.

15. The disaster prevention terminal device according to claim 14, wherein the optical transmission unit switches so as to output an optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission path on the host device side to the downstream optical transmission path on the optical termination unit side when the operation switch provided in the loop optical transmission path is not operating, and when the operation switch provided in the loop optical transmission path operates, switches so as to output the optical signal input from the downstream optical transmission path on the host device side to a bypass optical transmission path that bypasses the optical signal to the upstream optical transmission path on the host device side; a optical combiner that outputs an optical signal from the upstream optical transmission path on the optical termination unit side and an optical signal from the bypass optical transmission path to the upstream optical transmission path on the host device side when provided in the loop optical transmission path; A disaster prevention terminal device characterized by comprising the above.

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