Method for transmitting physical layer protocol data unit with high priority traffic and associated wireless communication device
The RTS/CTS frame exchange and EIFS mechanism with synchronized preambles and reduced contention windows effectively addresses high collision probabilities in EDCA, enhancing high priority traffic transmission efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/087931
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-05-08
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-13
AI Technical Summary
The IEEE 802.11 standards' Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism faces high collision probabilities and increased retry operations for high priority traffic due to large contention windows, especially when multiple wireless communication devices contend for a channel, leading to latency issues.
A method utilizing a request to send (RTS)/clear to send (CTS) frame exchange mechanism and extended interframe space (EIFS) is employed, with synchronized preambles for RTS frames and reduced contention window values to minimize collisions and latency for high priority traffic.
This approach reduces collision probability and minimizes retry operations, ensuring prompt convergence of collision events and reduces latency for high priority traffic transmission.
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Figure CN2025087931_13112025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING PHYSICAL LAYER PROTOCOL DATA UNIT WITH HIGH PRIORITY TRAFFIC AND ASSOCIATED WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICE
[0001] CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 643,969, filed on May 8th, 2024. The content of the application is incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present disclosure is related to wireless communication, and more particularly, to a method for transmitting a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) with high priority traffic and an associated wireless communication device.
[0004] 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
[0005] In IEEE 802.11 standards, the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism provides multiple access categories (ACs) to prioritize data transmission based on the urgency and importance of the traffic, such as the background AC_BK (AC0) , the best effort AC_BE (AC1) , the video AC_VI (AC2) , and the voice AC_VO (AC3) . Under a situation that the AC3 has a smaller contention window (CW) , if the number of wireless communication devices (e.g., stations (STAs)) contending for an idle channel is large, the collision probability will be high, which may lead to an increase in the number of retry operations due to transmission failures, and therefore prevent the collision situation from being converged. In addition, for certain applications, the minimum contention window value (CWmin) of 3 for the AC3 may not meet the minimum latency requirements of those applications.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] It is therefore one of the objectives of the present disclosure to provide a method for transmitting a high priority traffic PPDU by utilizing a request to send (RTS) / clear to send (CTS) frame exchange mechanism and applying an extended interframe space (EIFS) , and an associated wireless communication device, in order to address the above-mentioned issues.
[0007] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for performing communications via a channel by a wireless communication device is provided. The method comprises: in response to a PPDU with high priority traffic being expected to be transmitted, detecting whether the channel is idle; after detecting that the channel remains idle for an arbitration interframe space (AIFS) , starting to perform a first backoff procedure; in response to a first backoff counter for the first backoff procedure reaching zero and the channel still being detected to be idle, transmitting a first RTS frame via the channel, wherein a preamble of the first RTS frame is generated based on parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic; and in response to a CTS frame corresponding to the first RTS frame being received, transmitting the PPDU with the high priority traffic via the channel.
[0008] In an embodiment, the method further comprises: in response to the CTS frame corresponding to the first RTS frame not being received, performing at least one retry operation for the first RTS frame until the corresponding CTS frame is received.
[0009] In an embodiment, the step of performing the at least one retry operation for the first RTS frame until the CTS frame is received comprises: after the first RTS frame is transmitted and the channel is detected to be idle for the AIFS, performing a second backoff procedure; and in response to a second backoff counter for the second backoff procedure reaching zero and the channel still being detected to be idle, transmitting a second RTS frame via the channel, wherein a preamble of the second RTS frame is generated based on the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic and the preamble of the second RTS frame is equal to the preamble of the first RTS frame.
[0010] In an embodiment, the first RTS frame has a non-high throughput (non-HT) format and has a data rate determined by the parameters dedicated to high priority traffic.
[0011] In an embodiment, a minimum contention window value for the first backoff procedure is less than or equal to three.
[0012] In an embodiment, a minimum contention window value for the first backoff procedure is equal to zero.
[0013] In an embodiment, the method further comprises: in response to a preamble of any RTS frame being successfully detected on the channel, and a frame check sequence (FCS) value for the any RTS frame not being correct, applying an extended interframe space (EIFS) , for example, before transmitting the PPDU with low priority traffic.
[0014] In an embodiment, the wireless communication device is a station (STA) ; the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic are determined based on a preamble of a last received PPDU, or are comprised in a beacon frame; and the method further comprises: receiving the beacon frame broadcasted by an access point (AP) .
[0015] In an embodiment, the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic comprise a carrier frequency and a data rate for transmitting RTS frames regarding PPDUs with high priority traffic.
[0016] In an embodiment, the method further comprises: receiving a block acknowledgment frame that is not addressed to itself; and after receiving the block acknowledgment that is not addressed to itself, resetting a contention window for a new backoff procedure as a minimum contention window value for the first backoff procedure.
[0017] In an embodiment, preambles of multiple RTS frames generated by different wireless communication devices based on the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic are the same, and the multiple RTS frames have a non-high throughput (non-HT) format and a same data rate.
[0018] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a wireless communication device is provided, wherein the wireless communication device comprises a wireless transceiver circuit and a processor. The wireless transceiver circuit is arranged to perform communications via a channel. The processor is coupled to the wireless transceiver, and is arranged to perform operations comprising: in response to a PPDU with high priority traffic being expected to be transmitted, detecting whether the channel is idle; after detecting that the channel remains idle for an AIFS, starting to perform a first backoff procedure; in response to a first backoff counter for the first backoff procedure reaching zero and the channel still being detected to be idle, transmitting a first RTS frame via the channel, wherein a preamble of the first RTS frame is generated based on parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic; and in response to a CTS frame corresponding to the first RTS frame being received, transmitting the PPDU with the high priority traffic via the channel.
[0019] One of the benefits of the present disclosure is that, by the method and the associated wireless communication device of the present disclosure, under a situation that the preamble synchronization mechanism is adopted and a collision event happens, wireless communication devices not related to the collision event can apply the EIFS to prevent those wireless communication devices from performing the backoff procedure. In this way, the collision probability of PPDUs with high priority traffic transmitted by multiple wireless communication devices on the same channel can be reduced (i.e., the collision event can be promptly converged) , and therefore the number of retry operations can be greatly reduced. In addition, the backoff procedure not belonging to the retry operation can have the minimum contention window value less than three (e.g., zero) , which can further reduce the latency of transmitting the high priority traffic PPDUs.
[0020] These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 2 is a timing diagram illustrating an example of combining characteristics associated with the RTS frame and adoption of an EIFS according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 3 is a timing diagram illustrating transmitting a high priority traffic PPDU with aid of the RTS / CTS frame exchange mechanism and the EIFS adoption according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 4 is a timing diagram illustrating transmitting a high priority traffic PPDU with aid of the RTS / CTS frame exchange mechanism and the EIFS adoption according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 5 is a timing diagram illustrating transmitting a high priority traffic PPDU with aid of the RTS / CTS frame exchange mechanism and the EIFS adoption according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for transmitting a PPDU with high priority traffic according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for performing communications via a channel by a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] Certain terms are used throughout the following description and claims, which refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, electronic equipment manufacturers may refer to a component by different names. This document does not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not in function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to ... " .
[0029] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the wireless communication device 100 may operate according to communication protocols specified by IEEE 802.11 standards. In addition, the wireless communication device 100 may be implemented as an access point (AP) and may also be implemented as a non-AP station (STA) , depending upon actual design requirements. As shown in FIG. 1, the wireless communication device 100 may include a wireless transceiver circuit 102 (such as one or more transceiver) , at least one antenna 104, and a processor 106. The wireless transceiver circuit 102 may receive a wireless signal from a wireless transmission channel CHL (hereinafter denoted by “the channel CHL” for brevity) via the at least one antenna 104 and may process the wireless signal to obtain a received frame / packet. The wireless transceiver circuit 102 may also process a frame / packet to be transmitted in order to obtain a corresponding signal as a wireless signal and may transmit the wireless signal via the at least one antenna 104.
[0030] Under a situation that multiple wireless communication devices are required to transmit multiple physical layer protocol data units (PPDUs) with high priority traffic (also referred as high priority traffic PPDUs) on the same channel CHL, the multiple wireless communication devices need to contend for the channel CHL in order to gain transmission opportunities. For example, the high priority traffic may be the traffic classified into the voice AC_VO (AC3) defined in the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism. During the process of contending for the channel CHL, each wireless communication device may start to perform at least one backoff procedure. Take the high priority traffic classified as the AC3 as an example, for example, the minimum contention window value (denoted by “CWmin” ) for AC3 is equal to 3 (i.e., CWmin (AC3) = 3) , and the maximum contention window value (denoted by “CWmax” ) for AC3 is equal to 7 (i.e., CWmax (AC3) = 7) . It is noted that a contention window (denoted by “CW” ) for the first backoff procedure is CWmin, and the wireless communication device may randomly choose an integer value from a range 0 to CW and perform the backoff procedure according to the chosen integer value. Under a situation that an initial contention window is 3, the corresponding wireless communication device may randomly choose an integer value from a range 0 to 3 and perform the 1st backoff procedure according to the chosen integer value, wherein the chosen integer value is used as the initial value of a backoff counter for the 1st backoff procedure, and the backoff counter indicates the number of time slots (SLs) for the backoff procedure (e.g., the backoff time is equal to the backoff counter multiplied by a Slot Time) ; and the wireless communication device is required to wait for an arbitration interframe space (AIFS) plus the backoff time before transmitting PPDUs via the channel CHL. If frames / PPDUs transmitted by at least two wireless communication devices among the multiple wireless communication devices collide with each other on the channel CHL, the contention window for a next backoff procedure may be modified from 3 to 7, and each wireless communication device may randomly choose an integer value from a range 0 to 7 as another backoff counter and perform another backoff procedure, for performing a next retry operation. However, if the number of wireless communication devices contending for the channel CHL is large, the collision probability will be high, which may lead to an increase in the number of retry operations due to transmission failures, and therefore prevent the collision situation from being converged.
[0031] In order to address this issue, under a situation that multiple wireless communication devices are required to transmit multiple PPDUs with high priority traffic on the same channel CHL, the present disclosure may utilize a request to send (RTS) / clear to send (CTS) frame exchange mechanism and special characteristics associated with the RTS frame to reduce the collision probability and improve transmission latency for the PPDUs with high priority traffic. That is, the present disclosure proposes a method that can promptly contend for the channel CHL regarding high priority traffic PPDUs.
[0032] FIG. 2 is a timing diagram illustrating an example of combining characteristics associated with the RTS frame and adoption of an extended interframe space (EIFS) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein each of stations STA1, STA2, and STA3 (the stations are for illustrative purposes only, but are not meant to be a limitation of the present disclosure) may be implemented by the wireless communication device 100 shown in FIG. 1, and assume that both the stations STA2 and STA3 have high priority traffic requirements at a time point t0. As shown in FIG. 2, the slashed part represents the waiting time required before performing transmission, which includes an AIFS time and a backoff time, wherein the backoff time is a time corresponding to the backoff procedure.
[0033] Referring to FIG. 2, in the beginning , the station STA1 may transmit a PPDU with low priority traffic via the channel CHL, which makes the channel CHL busy (labeled as “BUSY” in FIG. 2) . At the time point t0, the state of the channel CHL is transferred from a busy state to an idle state. Assume that each of the stations STA2 and STA3 desires to transmit a PPDU with high priority traffic via the channel CHL at the time point t0. Before transmitting the PPDU with high priority traffic, the stations STA2 and STA3 may transmit a RTS frame to a corresponding target device in advance, in order to poll the target device for determining whether the target device is able to receive the PPDU, and then transmit the PPDU with high priority traffic to the target device in response to reception of a CTS frame from the target device. As a result, when a wireless communication device expects to transmit a PPDU with high priority traffic via the channel CHL, the wireless communication device continuously detects whether the channel CHL is idle and starts to perform a backoff procedure after detecting that the channel CHL remains idle for the AIFS. Then, if the backoff counter for the backoff procedure reaches zero and the channel CHL is still detected to be idle, the wireless communication device transmits an RTS frame regarding high-priority traffic via the channel CHL. Finally, if a CTS frame is received in response to the RTS frame, the wireless communication device can start to transmit the PPDU with high priority traffic via the channel CHL; otherwise, the wireless communication device will wait for the next transmission opportunity. For example, the station STA3 may detect the channel CHL is idle at the time point t0 and may detect the channel CHL remains idle for the AIFS, thus the station STA3 may perform a backoff procedure after detecting that the channel CHL remains idle for the AIFS, and then may transmit an RTS frame 200 via the channel CHL if the backoff counter corresponding for the ST3’s backoff procedure reaches zero and the channel CHL is still detected to be idle. Similarly, the station STA2 may also detect the channel CHL is idle at the time point t0, then the station STA2 may perform a backoff procedure after detecting that the channel CHL remains idle for the AIFS, and then transmit an RTS frame 202 via the channel CHL if a backoff counter corresponding for the STA2’s backoff procedure reaches zero and the channel CHL is still detected to be idle.
[0034] In this exemplary embodiment, the integer value selected by the station STA3 may be equal to that selected by the station STA2. As a result, at a time point t1, the RTS frame 200 may collide with the RTS frame 202 on the channel CHL, and in response to the collision event, each of the stations STA2 and STA3 should perform a next backoff procedure in order to re-transmit the RTS frame 200 / 202, until a CTS frame is received from the target device, that is, at least one retry operation should be performed. At this moment, if an additional station (e.g., the station STA1) desires to transmit PPDUs with low priority traffic via the channel CHL, the station STA1 may also contend for the channel CHL during the process of the above-mentioned at least one retry operation, which may increase the collision probability.
[0035] In order to address this issue, by the specific characteristics associated with the RTS frame, the station STA1 may apply the EIFS (not AIFS) for preventing from contending for the channel CHL. In the proposed disclosure, the concept of parameters dedicated to high priority traffic is introduced, and a preamble of the RTS frame regarding high-priority traffic is generated based on the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic. Hence, preambles of multiple RTS frames regarding high-priority traffic generated by different wireless communication devices based on the same parameters are the same. In detail, each of the RTS frames 200 and 202 regarding high-priority traffic may include a preamble and a media access control (MAC) part, wherein the preamble of the RTS frame 200 / 202 regarding high-priority traffic is generated based on the same parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic, and the preamble of the RTS frame 200 is the same as that of the RTS frame 202. For example, an additional AP may broadcast / announce the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic in beacon frames to all stations in a basic service set (BSS) for generating the same preamble for the RTS frames regarding high priority traffic. In another example, the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic can be determined based on the preamble of the last received PPDU via the channel CHL. In the embodiment, the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic may indicate that the format of the RTS frame regarding high-priority traffic is a non-high throughput (non-HT) format and the data rate of the RTS frame regarding high priority traffic. Hence, the RTS frames 200 and 202 regarding high priority traffic may have the non-HT format and the same data rate. Further, the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic may also indicate a carrier frequency for transmitting preamble of the RTS frame regarding high-priority traffic. Hence, the carrier frequency used for transmitting preambles of the RTS frames 200 / 202 regarding high-priority traffic may be the same. For example, carrier frequency offset (CFO) for the preambles of the RTS frames regarding high priority traffic meets specific requirements. As a result, before transmitting the RTS frame 200, the station STA3 may generate the preamble of the RTS frame 200 according to the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic. Similarly, before transmitting the RTS frame 202, the station STA2 may generate the preamble of the RTS frame 202 according to the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic. In this embodiment, the preamble of the RTS frame 200 is the same as that of the RTS frame 202.
[0036] The same preamble in each RTS frame 200 / 202 regarding high-priority traffic may indicate a transmission time end point of the RTS frame (e.g., a time point t2) . In addition, since the same preamble of the RTS frames 200 / 202, any STA in a receiving state (such as STA1) can successfully decode the preamble of RTS frames 200 / 202 but detect a frame check sequence (FCS) error in MAC part of RTS frames 200 / 202, hence, the station that has no high priority traffic PPDU to transmit at that time (such as STA1) or the any station that successfully decodes the preamble but detects a FCS error may start to apply the EIFS at the transmission time end point of the RTS frames 200 / 202, in order to prepare for a next transmission. During the process of applying the EIFS, the station STA1 is prevented from performing any backoff procedure. In this way, during the process of retry operations, the stations performing a backoff procedure are limited to be stations associated with the high priority traffic requirement. Specifically, only the stations associated with the last collision event (for example, the stations STA2 and STA3) are able to contend for the channel CHL during one retry operation, which can make the collision events converged promptly.
[0037] It should be noted that, in order to ensure that a time end point of applying the EIFS by the station STA1 is later than a time starting point of transmitting a next RTS frame by the station STA2 / 3, the high priority traffic may be classified into the existing AC3 or a coming AC3+ (AC3+can be regarded as a new access category with higher access priority than AC3) of the EDCA mechanism, such that the maximum waiting time for transmitting a RTS frame regarding high priority traffic (i.e., the AIFS time plus the time corresponding to the number of time slots indicated by the maximum contention window value CWmax for AC3 / AC3+) is less than the EIFS. In this way, the station STA1 can be prevented from performing the backoff procedure to contend for the channel CHL when the collision event related to the stations STA2 and STA3 happens.
[0038] In addition, in order to further reduce the latency for transmitting the PPDU with high priority traffic, with aid of the above preamble synchronization mechanism, the present disclosure can make the minimum contention window value CWmin for the backoff procedure regarding high priority traffic be a non-negative integer less than or equal to three, and more particularly, be zero.
[0039] FIG. 3 is a timing diagram illustrating the transmission of a high priority traffic PPDU with aid of the RTS / CTS frame exchange mechanism and the EIFS adoption according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein each of the stations STA1, STA2, and STA3 may be implemented by the wireless communication device 100 shown in FIG. 1. Assume that both stations STA2 and STA3 have high priority traffic requirements at a time point t3, and more particularly, each of the stations STA2 and STA3 desires to transmit a PPDU with high priority traffic (labeled as “HPT” in FIG. 3) via the same channel CHL. For example, the high priority traffic may be the traffic which is classified into the AC3 defined in the EDCA mechanism, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the high priority traffic may be the traffic which is classified into the higher version of the AC3 (such as the AC3+) . In some embodiments, if another station has urgent traffic requirements (e.g., a PPDU about to expire is required to be transmitted by the station via the same channel CHL) , the RTS / CTS frame exchange mechanism and the preamble synchronization mechanism may also be applied to the station in order to ensure the priority use of the channel CHL. That is, the PPDU with high priority traffic can be defined according to the usage scenario as a PPDU carrying specific types of traffic. For example, the specific type of traffic can be the traffic with the highest access priority among multiple access categories (ACs) , the traffic with latency requirements less than a preset value (Low Latency Traffic) , and / or the traffic that urgently needs to be transmitted, among others.
[0040] In the beginning, the station STA1 may transmit a PPDU with low priority traffic (labeled as “LPT” in FIG. 3) via the channel CHL, which makes the channel CHL busy (labeled as “BUSY” in FIG. 3) . At the time point t3, the state of the channel CHL is transferred from a busy state to an idle state. Before transmitting at least one PPDU, each of the stations STA2 and STA3 may transmit a RTS frame to a corresponding target device in advance, and may adopt the above-mentioned preamble synchronization mechanism. In this embodiment, an additional AP may announce / broadcast predetermined parameters regarding high priority traffic in a broadcast frame (such as, beacon frame) to all stations in the BSS, for generating the same preamble according to the predetermined parameters. In some embodiments, the stations STA1, STA2, and STA3 may be modified as APs AP1, AP2, and AP3, respectively. For example, if both the APs AP2 and AP3 have high priority traffic requirements, each of the APs AP2 and AP3 may generate the same preamble according to internally generated predetermined parameters.
[0041] As shown in FIG. 3, the slashed part represents the waiting time required before performing transmission, which includes an AIFS time and a backoff time, wherein the backoff time is a time corresponding to the number of time slots for the backoff procedure. The station detects the channel CHL is idle at the time point t3. If the channel CHL remains idle for the AIFS, each of the stations STA2 and STA3 may start to perform the 1st backoff procedure in order to contend for the channel CHL. In this embodiment, the minimum contention window value CWmin for the 1st backoff procedure regarding high priority traffic may be equal to or less than 3. In particular, the minimum contention window value CWmin for the backoff procedure regarding high priority traffic is equal to 0 as an example in FIG. 3. Hence, the contention window for the 1st backoff procedure is zero (labeled as “CW = 0” in FIG. 3) . It should be noted that, the contention window for at least one retry operation performed in response to a collision event may be obtained by the following equation: CWn= (CWB+1) *2-1 wherein “CWn” is a current contention window value, and “CWB” is a previous contention window value. For example, a contention window value for the 1st retry operation (i.e., the 2nd backoff procedure) may be (0 + 1) *2 –1 = 1; a contention window value for the 2nd retry operation (i.e., the 3rd backoff procedure) may be (1 + 1) *2 –1 = 3; and a contention window value for the 3rd retry operation (i.e., the 4th backoff procedure) may be (3 + 1) *2 –1 = 7. It should be noted that, for a case where the high priority traffic is the traffic classified into the AC3, the maximum contention window value CWmax for AC 3 may be 7. As a result, the subsequent retry operations beyond the 3rd retry operation (i.e., subsequent backoff procedures beyond the 4th backoff procedure) may have a fixed contention window value of 7. That is, the contention window value for any backoff procedure is between the minimum contention window value CWmin and the maximum contention window value CWmax. Specifically, the minimum value contention window CWmin regarding high priority traffic can be less than 3, and more particularly, may be equal to zero.
[0042] Under a situation that the contention window value for the 1st backoff procedure is zero, each of the stations STA2 and STA3 may select zero as a backoff counter (BC; labeled as “BC = 0” in FIG. 3) . Therefore, after detecting that the channel CHL remains idle for the AIFS, the corresponding station may start to perform the 1st backoff procedure. If the first backoff counter for the 1st backoff procedure reaches zero and the channel CHL is still detected to be idle, the station STA3 may transmit an RTS frame 300 via the channel CHL. Similarly, the station STA2 may transmit an RTS frame 302 via the channel CHL, which may cause the RTS frame 302 to collide with the RTS frame 300 on the channel CHL. It should be noted that, since the preamble synchronization mechanism is adopted, a preamble of the RTS frame 300 is equal to that of the RTS frame 302.
[0043] At a time point t4 (i.e., a transmission time end point of the RTS frame 300 / 302) , since the station STA1 can successfully decode the same preamble of the RTS frame 300 / 302, the station STA1 can start to apply the EIFS. In addition, each of the stations STA2 and STA3 may start to perform the 1st retry operation, in order to re-perform the backoff procedure for contending for the channel CHL again. For the 1st retry operation, the contention window value CW is 1, and both the stations STA2 and STA3 may randomly select an integer value “0” from an interval [0, 1] as a second backoff counter (labeled as “CW = 1 (retry) ” and “BC = 0” in FIG. 3) . As a result, after detecting that the channel CHL remains idle for the AIFS, the corresponding station may start to perform the 2nd backoff procedure. If the second backoff counter for the 2nd backoff procedure reaches zero and the channel CHL is still detected to be idle, the station STA3 may re-transmit the RTS frame 300 via the channel CHL. Similarly, the station STA2 may transmit the RTS frame 302 via the channel CHL at the same time point, which may cause the RTS frame 302 to collide with the RTS frame 300 again on the channel CHL.
[0044] At a time point t5 (i.e., the 1st re-transmission time end point of the RTS frame 300 / 302) , since the station STA1 can successfully decode the same preamble of the RTS frame 300 / 302, the station STA1 can start to apply the EIFS again at the time point t5. In addition, each of the stations STA2 and STA3 may start to perform the 2nd retry operation, in order to re-perform the backoff procedure for contending for the channel CHL again. For the 2nd retry operation, the contention window value CW for the third backoff procedure is 3 (labeled as “CW = 3 (retry) ” in FIG. 3) , wherein the station STA2 randomly selects an integer value “1” from an interval [0, 3] as its third backoff counter (labeled as “BC = 1” in FIG. 3) , and the station STA3 may randomly select an integer value “2” from the interval [0, 3] as its third backoff counter (labeled as “BC = 2” in FIG. 3) . Since the backoff counter selected by the station STA2 is less than that selected by the station STA3, the station STA2 can successfully contend for the channel CHL. After completely transmitting the RTS frame 302 via the channel CHL, the station STA2 may expect to receive a CTS frame 304 from the target device within a predetermined time (e.g., a Short Interframe Space (SIFS) time plus a slot time) .
[0045] At a time point t6, in response to reception of the CTS frame 304, the station STA2 may start to transmit a PPDU 306 with high priority traffic via the channel CHL. That is, time duration between the time points t3 and t6 is a channel acquisition time of the station STA2. After the PPDU 306 is successfully transmitted to the target device, the station STA2 may receive a block acknowledgment (BA) frame 308. Understandably, the station STA3 will also receive the BA frame 308. At a time point t7 (i.e., after the station STA3 receives the BA frame 308 that is not addressed to itself) , the station STA3’s contention window value CW is reset as the minimum contention window value CWmin (e.g., zero) , and the station STA3 with high priority traffic requirements may perform a new backoff procedure for re-transmitting the RTS frame 300. Therefore, by resetting the contention window value of the station STA3 to CWmin (e.g., zero) after receiving a BA frame not addressed to itself, it is possible to ensure that the station STA3 has priority in contending for the channel CHL, as the station STA3 has previously experienced at least one collision event.
[0046] FIG. 4 is a timing diagram illustrating transmitting a high priority traffic PPDU with aid of the RTS / CTS frame exchange mechanism and the EIFS adoption according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein each of the stations STA2, STA4, and STA5 may be implemented by the wireless communication device 100 shown in FIG. 1; the station STA2 shown in FIG. 4 may be the same as that shown in FIG. 3; and time points t8 -t12 shown in FIG. 4 may be beyond the time point t7 shown in FIG. 3. Assume that both the stations STA4 and STA5 have high priority traffic requirements at the time point t8, and more particularly, each of the stations STA4 and STA5 desires to transmit a PPDU with high priority traffic (labeled as “HPT” in FIG. 4) via the same channel CHL. In addition, the station STA2 is modified to have low priority traffic requirements at the time point t8, and more particularly, desires to transmit a PPDU with low priority traffic (labeled as “LPT” in FIG. 4) via the same channel CHL.
[0047] In the beginning, the station STA2 may transmit a PPDU with low priority traffic via the channel CHL, which makes the channel CHL busy (labeled as “BUSY” in FIG. 4) . At the time point t8, the state of the channel CHL is transferred from a busy state to an idle state. Before transmitting the PPDU, each of the stations STA4 and STA5 may transmit a RTS frame to a corresponding target device in advance and may adopt the above-mentioned preamble synchronization mechanism. In this embodiment, an additional AP may announce / broadcast predetermined parameters regarding high priority traffic in a broadcast frame (such as, beacon frame) to all stations in the BSS, for generating the same preamble according to the predetermined parameters.
[0048] As shown in FIG. 4, the slashed part represents the waiting time required before performing transmission, which includes an AIFS time and a backoff time. The stations may detect the channel CHL is idle at the time point t8. If the channel CHL remains idle for the AIFS, each of the stations STA4 and STA5 may start to perform the 1st backoff procedure in order to contend for the channel CHL. In this embodiment, the minimum contention window value CWmin for the 1st backoff procedure regarding high priority traffic may be equal to 0 as an example in FIG. 4. Hence, the contention window for the 1st backoff procedure is zero (labeled as “CW = 0” in FIG. 4) . Under a situation that the contention window value for the 1st backoff procedure is zero, each of the stations STA4 and STA5 may select zero as a backoff counter (BC; labeled as “BC = 0” in FIG. 4) . Therefore, after detecting that the channel CHL remains idle for the AIFS, the corresponding station may start to perform the 1st backoff procedure. If the first backoff counter for the 1st backoff procedure reaches zero and the channel CHL is still detected to be idle, the station STA4 may transmit an RTS frame 400 via the channel CHL. Similarly, the station STA5 may transmit an RTS frame 402 via the channel CHL, wherein the RTS frame 402 will collide with the RTS frame 400 on the channel CHL. It should be noted that, since the preamble synchronization mechanism is adopted, a preamble of the RTS frame 400 is equal to that of the RTS frame 402.
[0049] At the time point t9 (i.e., a transmission time end point of the RTS frame 400 / 402) , since the station STA2 in a RX state can successfully decode the same preamble of the RTS frame 400 / 402, the station STA2 can start to apply the EIFS. For example, in response to the preamble of the RTS frame 400 / 402 being successfully detected on the channel CHL, and a frame check sequence (FCS) value for the RTS frame 400 / 402 not being correct, the station STA2 can apply an EIFS before transmitting any PPDU. In addition, each of the stations STA4 and STA5 may start to perform the 1st retry operation, in order to re-perform the backoff procedure for contending for the channel CHL again. For the 1st retry operation, the contention window value CW is 1, and both the stations STA4 and STA5 may randomly select an integer value “0” from an interval [0, 1] as the second backoff counter (labeled as “CW = 1 (retry) ” and “BC = 0” in FIG. 4) . As a result, after detecting that the channel CHL remains idle for the AIFS, the corresponding station may start to perform the 2nd backoff procedure. If the 2nd backoff counter for the second backoff procedure reaches zero and the channel CHL is still detected to be idle, the station STA4 may re-transmit the RTS frame 400 via the channel CHL. Similarly, the station STA5 may transmit the RTS frame 402 via the channel CHL at the same time point, wherein the RTS frame 402 will collide with the RTS frame 400 again on the channel CHL.
[0050] At the time point t10 (i.e., the 1st re-transmission time end point of the RTS frame 400 / 402) , since the station STA2 can successfully decode the same preamble of the RTS frame 400 / 402, the station STA2 can start to apply the EIFS again at the time point t10. For example, in response to the PPDU with low priority traffic being expected to be transmitted, the preamble of the RTS frame 400 / 402 being successfully detected on the channel CHL, and the FCS value for the RTS frame 400 / 402 not being correct, the station STA2 can apply an EIFS again at the time point t10 before transmitting the PPDU with low priority traffic. In addition, each of the stations STA4 and STA5 may start to perform the 2nd retry operation, in order to re-perform the backoff procedure for contending for the channel CHL again. For the 2nd retry operation, the contention window value CW for the third backoff procedure is 3 (labeled as “CW = 3 (retry) ” in FIG. 4) , wherein the station STA5 randomly selects an integer value “1” from an interval [0, 3] as its backoff counter (labeled as “BC = 1” in FIG. 4) , and the station STA4 randomly selects an integer value “2” from the interval [0, 3] as its backoff counter (labeled as “BC = 2” in FIG. 4) . Since the backoff counter selected by the station STA5 is less than that selected by the station STA4, the station STA5 successfully contends for the channel CHL. After completely transmitting the RTS frame 402 via the channel CHL, the station STA5 may expect to receive a CTS frame 404 from the target device within a predetermined time (e.g., an SIFS time plus a time slot) .
[0051] At the time point t11, in response to reception of the CTS frame 404, the station STA5 may start to transmit a PPDU 406 with high priority traffic via the channel CHL. That is, time duration between the time points t8 and t11 is a channel acquisition time of the station STA5. After the PPDU 406 is successfully transmitted to the target device, the station STA5 may receive a BA frame 408 and the station STA2 / 4 may also receive the BA frame 408. At the time point t12 (i.e., after the station STA4 receives the BA frame 408) , the station STA4 with high priority traffic requirements may perform a new backoff procedure for re-transmitting the RTS frame 400, wherein the contention window value CW of the new backoff procedure is reset as the minimum contention window CWmin for the backoff procedure regarding high priority traffic (e.g., zero) , in order to ensure the priority use of the channel CHL. Since the operations shown in FIG. 4 are similar to that shown in FIG. 3, further descriptions are not repeated in detail here for brevity.
[0052] FIG. 5 is a timing diagram illustrating transmitting a high priority traffic PPDU with aid of the RTS / CTS frame exchange mechanism and the EIFS adoption according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein each of the stations STA2, STA6, and STA7 may be implemented by the wireless communication device 100 shown in FIG. 1; the station STA2 shown in FIG. 5 is the same as that shown in FIG. 3; and time points t14 -t17 shown in FIG. 5 may be beyond the time point t7 shown in FIG. 3. Assume that both the stations STA2 and STA7 have high priority traffic requirements at the time point t13, and more particularly, each of the stations STA2 and STA7 desires to transmit a PPDU with high priority traffic (labeled as “HPT” in FIG. 5) via the same channel CHL. In addition, the station STA6 has low priority traffic requirements at the time point t14, and more particularly, desires to transmit a PPDU with low priority traffic (labeled as “LPT” in FIG. 5) via the same channel CHL.
[0053] In the beginning, the station STA6 transmits the PPDU with low priority traffic via the channel CHL, which makes the channel CHL busy (labeled as “BUSY” in FIG. 5) . At the time point t13, the state of the channel CHL is transferred from a busy state to an idle state. Before transmitting the PPDU, each of the stations STA2 and STA7 may transmit a RTS frame to a corresponding target device in advance and may adopt the above-mentioned preamble synchronization mechanism. In this embodiment, an additional AP may announce / broadcast predetermined parameters regarding high priority traffic in a broadcast frame (such as, beacon frame) to all stations in the BSS, for generating the same preamble according to the predetermined parameters.
[0054] As shown in FIG. 5, the slashed part represents the waiting time required before performing transmission, which includes an AIFS time and a backoff time. The station detects the channel CHL is idle at the time point t14. If the channel CHL remains idle for the AIFS, each of the stations STA2 and STA7 may start to perform the 1st backoff procedure in order to contend for the channel CHL. In this embodiment, the minimum contention window value CWmin for the 1st backoff procedure regarding high priority traffic may be equal to 0 as an example in FIG. 5. Hence, the contention window for the 1st backoff procedure is zero (labeled as “CW = 0” in FIG. 5) . Under a situation that the contention window value for the 1st backoff procedure is zero, each of the stations STA2 and STA7 may select zero as a backoff counter (BC; labeled as “BC = 0” in FIG. 5) . Therefore, after detecting that the channel CHL remains idle for the AIFS, the corresponding station may start to perform the 1st backoff procedure. If the first backoff counter for the 1st backoff procedure reaches zero and the channel CHL is still detected to be idle, the station STA2 may transmit an RTS frame 500 via the channel CHL. Similarly, the station STA7 may transmit an RTS frame 502 via the channel CHL, wherein the RTS frame 502 will collide with the RTS frame 500 on the channel CHL. It should be noted that, since the preamble synchronization mechanism is adopted, a preamble of the RTS frame 500 is equal to that of the RTS frame 502.
[0055] At the time point t15 (i.e., a transmission time end point of the RTS frame 500 / 502) , since the station STA6 can successfully decode the same preamble of the RTS frame 500 / 502, the station STA6 can start to apply the EIFS at that time. In addition, each of the stations STA2 and STA7 may start to perform the 1st retry operation, in order to re-perform the backoff procedure for contending for the channel CHL again. For the 1st retry operation, the contention window value CW is 1, and both the stations STA2 and STA7 may randomly select an integer value “0” from an interval [0, 1] as the second backoff counter (labeled as “CW = 1 (retry) ” and “BC = 0” in FIG. 5) . As a result, after detecting that the channel CHL remains idle for the AIFS, the corresponding station may start to perform the 2nd backoff procedure. If the 2nd backoff counter for the second backoff procedure reaches zero and the channel CHL is still detected to be idle, the station STA2 may re-transmit the RTS frame 500 via the channel CHL. Similarly, the station STA7 may transmit the RTS frame 502 via the channel CHL at the same time point, wherein the RTS frame 502 will collide with the RTS frame 500 again on the channel CHL.
[0056] At the time point t16 (i.e., the 1st re-transmission time end point of the RTS frame 500 / 502) , since the station STA6 can successfully decode the same preamble of the RTS frame 500 / 502, the station STA6 can start to apply the EIFS again at the time point t16. In addition, each of the stations STA2 and STA7 may start to perform the 2nd retry operation, in order to re-perform the backoff procedure for contending for the channel CHL again. For the 2nd retry operation, the contention window value CW for the third backoff procedure is 3 (labeled as “CW = 3 (retry) ” in FIG. 5) , wherein the station STA7 may randomly select an integer value “1” from an interval [0, 3] as its backoff counter (labeled as “BC = 1” in FIG. 5) , and the station STA2 may randomly select an integer value “2” from the interval [0, 3] as its backoff counter (labeled as “BC = 2” in FIG. 5) . Since the backoff counter selected by the station STA7 is less than that selected by the station STA2, the station STA7 successfully contends for the channel CHL. After completely transmitting the RTS frame 502 via the channel CHL, the station STA7 may expect to receive a CTS frame 504 from the target device within a predetermined time (e.g., an SIFS time plus a time slot) .
[0057] At the time point t17, in response to reception of the CTS frame 504, the station STA7 may start to transmit a PPDU 506 with high priority traffic via the channel CHL. That is, time duration between the time points t14 and t17 is a channel acquisition time of the station STA7. After the PPDU 506 is successfully transmitted to the target device, the station STA7 may receive a BA frame 50 and the other stations STA2 / 7 may also receive the BA frame 508 not addressed to itself. At the time point t18 (i.e., after the station STA2 receives the BA frame 508) , the station STA2 with high priority traffic requirements may perform a new backoff procedure for re-transmitting the RTS frame 500, wherein the contention window value CW of the new backoff procedure is reset as the minimum contention window CWmin for the backoff procedure regarding high priority traffic (e.g., zero) , in order to ensure the priority use of the channel CHL. That is, after receiving the BA frame 508 that is not addressed to itself, the station STA2 can reset the contention window for the new backoff procedure as the minimum contention window CWmin for the backoff procedure regarding high priority traffic (e.g., zero) . Since the operations shown in FIG. 5 are similar to that shown in FIG. 3, further descriptions are not repeated in detail here for brevity.
[0058] FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for transmitting a PPDU with high priority traffic according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Provided that the result is substantially the same, the steps are not required to be executed in the exact order shown in FIG. 6. For example, the method shown in FIG. 6 may be employed by the wireless communication device 100 shown in FIG. 1 (e.g., the station STA2 shown in FIG. 3) .
[0059] In step S600, the 1st backoff procedure is performed for transmitting a first RTS frame through the channel CHL.
[0060] In step S602, it is determined whether the first RTS frame collides with a second RTS frame on the channel CHL (for brevity, labeled as “Collide? ” in FIG. 6) , wherein the second RTS frame is transmitted by another wireless communication device (e.g., the station STA3 shown in FIG. 3) through the channel CHL for transmitting a second PPDU with high priority traffic, and a preamble of the first RTS frame is the same as that of the second RTS frame. If Yes, Step S604 is entered; if No, Step S606 is entered.
[0061] In Step S604, in response to the first RTS frame colliding with the second RTS frame on the channel CHL (for example, no CTS frame was received in response to the RTS frame) , at least one retry operation is performed for re-transmitting the first RTS frame until a CTS frame is received.
[0062] In Step S606, in response to the CTS frame being received, it is started to transmit the PPDU through the channel CHL.
[0063] Since a person skilled in the pertinent art can readily understand details of the steps after reading above paragraphs, further description is omitted here for brevity.
[0064] FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for performing communications via a channel by a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Provided that the result is substantially the same, the steps are not required to be executed in the exact order shown in FIG. 7. For example, the method shown in FIG. 7 may be employed by the wireless communication device 100 shown in FIG. 1 (e.g., the station STA2 shown in FIG. 3) .
[0065] In Step S700, in response to a PPDU with high priority traffic being expected to be transmitted, it is detected whether the channel CHL is idle (for brevity, labeled as “Idle? ” in FIG. 7) . If Yes, Step S702 is entered; if No, Step S700 is returned.
[0066] In Step S702, after detecting that the channel CHL remains idle for an AIFS, a first backoff procedure is started to be performed.
[0067] In Step S704, in response to a first backoff counter for the first backoff procedure reaching zero and the channel CHL still being detected to be idle, a first RTS frame is transmitted via the channel CHL, wherein a preamble of the first RTS frame is generated based on parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic.
[0068] In Step S706, in response to a CTS frame corresponding to the first RTS frame being received, the PPDU with the high priority traffic is transmitted via the channel CHL.
[0069] Since a person skilled in the pertinent art can readily understand details of the steps after reading above paragraphs, further description is omitted here for brevity.
[0070] In summary, by the method and the associated wireless communication device of the present disclosure, under a situation that the preamble synchronization mechanism is adopted and a collision event happens, wireless communication devices not related to the collision event can apply the EIFS to prevent those wireless communication devices from performing the backoff procedure. In this way, the collision probability of PPDUs with high priority traffic transmitted by multiple wireless communication devices on the same channel can be reduced (i.e., the collision event can be promptly converged) , and therefore the number of retry operations can be greatly reduced. In addition, the backoff procedure not belonging to the retry operation can have the minimum contention window value less than three (e.g., zero) , which can further reduce the latency of transmitting the high priority traffic PPDUs.
[0071] Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A method for performing communications via a channel by a wireless communication device, comprising:in response to a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) with high priority traffic being expected to be transmitted, detecting whether the channel is idle;after detecting that the channel remains idle for an arbitration interframe space (AIFS) , starting to perform a first backoff procedure;in response to a first backoff counter for the first backoff procedure reaching zero and the channel still being detected to be idle, transmitting a first request to send (RTS) frame via the channel, wherein a preamble of the first RTS frame is generated based on parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic; andin response to a clear to send (CTS) frame, which corresponds to the first RTS frame, being received, transmitting the PPDU with the high priority traffic via the channel.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising:in response to the CTS frame not being received, performing at least one retry operation for the first RTS frame until the corresponding CTS frame is received.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the step of performing the at least one retry operation for the first RTS frame until the CTS frame is received comprises:after the first RTS frame is transmitted and the channel is detected to be idle for the AIFS, performing a second backoff procedure; andin response to a second backoff counter for the second backoff procedure reaching zero and the channel still being detected to be idle, transmitting a second RTS frame via the channel, wherein a preamble of the second RTS frame is generated based on the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic and the preamble of the second RTS frame is equal to the preamble of the first RTS frame.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the first RTS frame has a non-high throughput (non-HT) format and has a data rate determined by the parameters dedicated to high priority traffic.5.The method of claim 1, wherein a minimum contention window value for the first backoff procedure is less than or equal to three.6.The method of claim 1, wherein a minimum contention window value for the first backoff procedure is equal to zero.7.The method of claim 1, further comprising:in response to a preamble of any RTS frame being successfully detected on the channel, and a frame check sequence (FCS) value for the any RTS frame not being correct, applying an extended interframe space (EIFS) .8.The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication device is a station (STA) ; the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic are determined based on a preamble of a last received PPDU, or are comprised in a beacon frame; and the method further comprises:receiving the beacon frame broadcasted by an access point (AP) .9.The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving a block acknowledgment frame that is not addressed to itself; andafter receiving the block acknowledgment that is not addressed to itself, resetting a contention window for a new backoff procedure as a minimum contention window value for the first backoff procedure.10.The method of claim 1, wherein preambles of multiple RTS frames generated by different wireless communication devices based on the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic are the same, and the multiple RTS frames have a non-high throughput (non-HT) format and a same data rate.11.A wireless communication device, comprising:a wireless transceiver circuit, arranged to perform communications via a channel; anda processor, coupled to the wireless transceiver circuit, wherein the processor performs operations comprising:in response to a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) with high priority traffic being expected to be transmitted, detecting whether the channel is idle;after detecting that the channel remains idle for an arbitration interframe space (AIFS) , starting to perform a first backoff procedure;in response to a first backoff counter for the first backoff procedure reaching zero and the channel still being detected to be idle, transmitting a first request to send (RTS) frame via the channel, wherein a preamble of the first RTS frame is generated based on parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic; andin response to a clear to send (CTS) frame, which corresponds to the first RTS frame, being received, transmitting the PPDU with the high priority traffic via the channel.12.The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein the operations performed by the processor further comprise:in response to the CTS frame corresponding to the first RTS frame not being received, the processor is further arranged to perform at least one retry operation for the first RTS frame until the corresponding CTS frame is received.13.The wireless communication device of claim 12, wherein the step of performing the at least one retry operation for the first RTS frame until the CTS frame is received comprises:after the first RTS frame is transmitted and the channel is detected to be idle for the AIFS, performing a second backoff procedure; andin response to a second backoff counter for the second backoff procedure reaching zero and the channel still being detected to be idle, transmitting a second RTS frame via the channel, wherein a preamble of the second RTS frame is generated based on the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic and the preamble of the second RTS frame is equal to the preamble of the first RTS frame.14.The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein the first RTS frame has a non-high throughput (non-HT) format and has a data rate determined by the parameters dedicated to high priority traffic.15.The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein a minimum contention window value for the first backoff procedure is less than or equal to three.16.The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein a minimum contention window value for the first backoff procedure is equal to zero.17.The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein the operations performed by the processor further comprise:in response to a preamble of any RTS frame being successfully detected on the channel, and a frame check sequence (FCS) value for the any RTS frame not being correct, applying an extended interframe space (EIFS) .18.The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein the wireless communication device is a station (STA) ; the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic are determined based on a preamble of a last received PPDU, or are comprised in a beacon frame; and the operations further comprise:receiving the beacon frame broadcasted by an access point (AP) .19.The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein the operations performed by the processor further comprise:receiving a block acknowledgment frame that is not addressed to itself; andafter receiving the block acknowledgment that is not addressed to itself, resetting a contention window for a new backoff procedure as a minimum contention window value for the first backoff procedure.20.The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein preambles of multiple RTS frames generated by different wireless communication devices based on the parameters dedicated to high-priority traffic are the same, and the multiple RTS frames have a non-high throughput (non-HT) format and a same data rate.
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