Composite element for an insulating glass pane

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composite element (10), in particular a composite element (10) for an insulating glass pane, at least comprising a first pane element (20) and at least one second pane element (22) and at least one first profile element (30), wherein the profile element (30) has at least one first connecting surface (32) and / or at least one second connecting surface (33), wherein the first and / or the second connecting surface (32, 33) are / is provided and designed for applying and / or accommodating a first connecting means (40), wherein the first connecting surface (32) has provided adjacent to it a third connecting surface (34) for applying and / or accommodating a second connecting means (50), and / or the second connecting surface (33) has provided adjacent to it a fourth connecting surface (35) for applying and / or accommodating a second connecting means (50), and wherein the first pane element (20) and the second pane element (22) can be, or are, connected by means of the profile element (30) and of the first connecting means (40) and / or of the second connecting means (50), wherein the first connecting means (40) is a two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive. Furthermore, a barrier film (60) is provided, which is attached to the profile element (30) and extends between the second connecting means (50) and the third connecting means (52), preferably without being in direct contact with the first or second pane element (20, 22). The present invention also relates to an insulating glass pane (100), a profile element (30), a window, a door, and a method for producing a composite element or an insulating glass pane (100).

Description

[0001] COMPOSITE ELEMENT FOR AN INSULATING GLASS SHEET

[0002] Technical field

[0003] The present invention relates to a composite element, in particular a composite element for an insulating glass pane, an insulating glass pane, a profile element, a window, a door and a method for manufacturing a composite element or an insulating glass pane.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] Insulating glass panes are already known from the state of the art.

[0006] Multiple-pane insulating glass (MIG), also known as thermal insulation glazing or insulating glass, is a building component composed of at least two panes of glass, used, for example, in windows. Between the panes is a cavity that is airtight and serves as thermal insulation. Its predecessors included double glazing without an air seal, the so-called composite window, and double single glazing in box windows or winter windows.

[0007] In contrast to other types of thermally insulating glazing, insulating glazing is a self-contained system that does not require a surrounding frame – usually a window sash – to function properly. This is achieved by means of an edge seal that holds the individual panes of glass together at a distance and simultaneously hermetically seals the space between the panes. For many years now, this space has not contained air, but rather, for example, the better insulating noble gas argon.

[0008] To minimize heat conduction in an insulating glass unit, the space between the panes can be increased. However, since gases transfer heat not only through conduction but also through convection as their volume increases, the thermal insulation decreases again due to the trapped gas beyond a certain distance between the panes. To prevent this, a third pane of glass is typically installed within the insulating glass unit.

[0009] The edge seal has the task of mechanically holding the glass panes together at a distance and preventing the gas filling from escaping and allowing ambient air and humidity to penetrate instead.

[0010] At the beginning of the technical development of double-glazed insulating glass, a metallic spacer was soldered between the two panes. Another method was to melt and simultaneously bend the edge of the glass to weld the individual panes together.

[0011] For decades, however, a two-stage bonded edge seal has been standard practice. A 10 to 20 mm wide profile made of aluminum, stainless steel, or plastic—the so-called spacer—is coated on both sides with an adhesive layer of butyl rubber. It bonds the panes together after being pressed firmly together and simultaneously forms the first sealing layer. For example, German patent DE 102 11 940 A1 describes a door leaf made of two glass panes, in which the glass panes are connected by a profile positioned at their edges. A butyl material is provided between the profile and each glass pane as an adhesive and vapor barrier layer, intended to protect the interior of the door leaf from moisture penetrating from the outside.

[0012] After the space between the panes is filled with gas, the gap between the perimeter of the spacer and the protruding glass edges is sealed with a second permanently elastic sealing layer made of polyurethane or special polysulfides. For facade elements exposed to UV light at this point, silicone is used, although it is more gas-permeable. An example of the use of polysulfide or silicone sealants can be found in EP 0 852 280 A1, which deals with spacers for multiple-pane insulating glass units. The spacers described therein are characterized by a metal foil applied to the entire bonding surface facing away from the glazing cavity.

[0013] The edge seal only guarantees the functionality of the insulating glass unit for a limited period, as gas diffusion through a bonded edge seal cannot be completely prevented. This results in a continuous deterioration of the thermal insulation value due to the escaping gas – the target is a maximum gas loss of 1% per year – and allows ambient air and humidity to penetrate. Literature cites a service life of 20 to 30 years. To prevent the penetrating moisture from condensing in the space between the panes, a desiccant from the silica gel or molecular sieve (zeolite) material family is incorporated into the spacer, as described, for example, in EP 0 228 641 A2. Once the desiccant is depleted, the inner surface of the pane fogs up. This is referred to as a "fogged pane."

[0014] The edge seal reduces the thermal insulation of an insulating glass unit. The heat transfer coefficient for insulating glass is given as the Ug value (g = glazing) and does not take the effects of the edge seal into account. A double-glazed insulating glass unit measuring 1 m x 1 m with a conventional aluminum spacer (Psi value: 0.068 W / m*K) has a Ug value of 1.2 W / m²K. 2 Including the effect of the edge seal, K would have a U-value of: 1.2 W / m² 2 K + (4 m x 0.068 W / m«K) = 1.5 W / m 2 K

[0015] The reduced thermal insulation value at the edge of the pane leads to the formation of condensation on the inner edge of the pane at low outside temperatures. (Since older window units often have high permeability through the joints, the condensation is dried by penetrating cold air and is then not noticeable.) By using a thermally improved edge seal – the so-called warm edge with Psi values ​​of 0.03 W / m*K to 0.05 W / m*K – condensation only occurs at lower outside temperatures, depending on the Psi value and the room humidity.

[0016] However, the well-known insulating glass units with the aforementioned two-stage bonded edge seal present the problem that these constructions are comparatively complex and robust in terms of the loads that occur, such as the thermal expansion of the glass and the spacer, the weight of the glass itself, and traffic loads like wind pressure, suction, and operating forces. These constructions are complex and expensive to manufacture and, due to the relatively robust edge seals, have an additional weight, which places further demands on the fastening system, especially in large-area insulating glass units. For aesthetic reasons, however, slimmer, more delicate insulating glass constructions with smaller and less conspicuous edge seals would often be desirable.

[0017] To solve this problem, new bonding solutions have been developed. For example, WO 2014 / 184256 A1 discloses a significantly improved composite element for insulating glass units that is particularly shear-resistant, yet lightweight, stable, and cost-effective. This is achieved, among other things, through the use of two-component (meth)acrylate adhesives as structural adhesives for bonding the glass units to the frame elements. SikaFast®-5211 is recommended as a particularly suitable adhesive of this type. By using such adhesives with a high shear modulus and high strength, a particularly stable composite element can be produced that can be used without additional stiffening elements, such as the frame profiles with large cross-sections that are usually required. This allows for the production of lighter, slimmer, and more aesthetically pleasing composite elements, for example, for large-area glazing in buildings.However, it has become apparent that the solution revealed in WO 2014 / 184256 A1, despite the significant improvements, still has certain disadvantages.

[0018] It is therefore the object of the present invention to advantageously further develop a composite element, in particular a composite element for an insulating glass unit, an insulating glass unit, a profile element, a window, a door, and a method for manufacturing a composite element or an insulating glass unit, in particular in such a way that an insulating glass unit can be provided which is particularly shear-resistant, but at the same time light, stable and more cost-effective due to material savings than most conventional insulating glass units, and which additionally has improved gas and moisture tightness compared to the prior art as taught, for example, in WO 2014 / 184256 A1.

[0019] Description of the invention

[0020] This problem is solved according to the invention by a composite element with the features of claim 1. It is provided that a composite element, in particular a composite element for an insulating glass unit, comprises at least a first pane element, at least a second pane element, and a space formed between the first pane element and the second pane element, as well as at least one profile element, wherein the profile element has an outer surface facing away from the space between the panes and an inner surface facing the space between the panes, and wherein the profile element has at least a first connecting surface and at least a second connecting surface, wherein a first connecting means is provided on the first and on the second connecting surface, and wherein the profile element has a third connecting surface adjacent to the first connecting surface, on which a second connecting means is provided.and adjacent to the second bonding surface, a fourth bonding surface on which a third bonding agent is provided, and wherein the first pane element and the second pane element are connected, in particular in a shear-resistant manner, by means of the profile element and the first bonding agent, the second bonding agent, and the third bonding agent, wherein the first bonding agent is a two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive, characterized in that a barrier film is provided which is attached to the profile element and extends between the second bonding agent and the third bonding agent such that a first film edge of the barrier film is received on or in the second bonding agent and a second film edge of the barrier film is received on or in the third bonding agent, and thus the barrier film is formed and arranged to seal the space between the panes against gas loss.

[0021] The composite element can, in particular, be a composite element for an insulating glass unit. The profile element can, for example, be the spacer of an insulating glass unit.

[0022] This results in the particular advantage that a composite element comprising at least one first and at least one second pane element, which can be used, for example, in conjunction with insulating glass panes for windows or doors, can be provided in a particularly shear-resistant, but at the same time lightweight, stable and more cost-effective manner due to the material savings, and is also gas- and moisture-tight.

[0023] The composite element according to the invention, due to its advantageous mechanical properties, can be used without or with significantly reduced additional stiffening measures, such as metal stiffeners in the window frame. This allows for narrower frames and larger glazing units, which increases light transmission through the larger possible glazing area, reduces the known heat loss through metal stiffeners, and expands design freedom in the manufacture of the insulating glass units. Furthermore, manufacturing requires fewer steps, conserving resources, saving costs, and simplifying efficient, automated production. The first and second glazing units can be, for example, glass or plastic panes.

[0024] Since insulating glass units, comprising at least one first pane and at least one second pane, are typically filled with a noble gas, usually argon, it is essential to prevent these noble gases from escaping the space between the panes over the unit's service life. The noble gas improves the insulating effect of the insulating glass unit. Gas loss leads to reduced insulation performance. To reduce gas loss, a barrier film is used, as proposed. This barrier film is attached to the profile element in such a way that it seals the space between the panes as completely as possible, up to the second or third bonding agent, preventing gas loss. Sealing the space between the panes is also necessary with shear-resistant bonding. This is because, due to the shear-resistant bonding, it may be necessary to optimize the geometry of the profile element to increase the rigidity of the insulating glass unit.The arrangement of the barrier film and the second and third bonding agents must be taken into account to ensure gas tightness even with the shear-resistant solution. The gas tightness of insulating glass units is regulated in DIN EN 1279-3.

[0025] In the opposite direction to gas loss from the space between the panes, the sealing system formed by the second and third bonding agents and the barrier film prevents moisture from penetrating the space between the panes. Penetrating moisture would cause the surfaces of the first or second pane facing the space between the panes to become wetted with condensation. The penetrating water damages the glass surface and its coating. Besides the visible formation of droplets, this leads to the so-called "clouding" of the pane, whereby the moisture penetrating the space between the panes causes the pane to become milky and cloudy. In a preferred embodiment, this process can be delayed by introducing a desiccant arranged in the space between the panes.However, once the desiccant reaches its saturation point, condensation forms, leading to the aforementioned clouding of the insulating glass unit. In a preferred embodiment, the desiccant can be contained within or by the profile element. The profile element is sealed to the ambient air by the barrier film but open to the space between the panes, allowing moisture in the space between the panes to be absorbed by the desiccant contained within the profile element.

[0026] The second and third bonding agent, which preferably is at least partially polyisobutylene (PIB) and / or comprises, seals the gap between the disc elements and the barrier film or the gap between the disc elements and the profile element against penetrating moisture.

[0027] The moisture tightness of insulating glass units is regulated in DIN EN 1279-2.

[0028] The barrier film can be multilayered. It can comprise at least one polymeric film, for example, with a thickness of 10 pm to 100 pm, at least one polymeric layer, for example, with a thickness of 5 pm to 80 pm, and a metallic layer, for example, with a thickness of 10 nm to 1500 nm, or a ceramic layer, for example, with a thickness of 10 nm to 1500 nm. The polymeric film and the polymeric layer can be made of the same material and / or have the same thickness. The barrier film can also have at least two metallic layers and / or ceramic layers arranged alternately with at least one polymeric layer. For example, the barrier film can consist of a polymeric film with a metallic layer on it, a polymeric layer placed on top of that, and a second metallic layer.

[0029] The barrier film can be multilayered, comprising at least one metal-containing barrier layer, for example with a thickness of 1 pm to 20 pm, a polymer layer, for example with a thickness of 5 pm to 80 pm, and a metal-containing thin film, for example with a thickness of less than 100 nm, in particular a thickness of 5 nm to 30 nm. The individual layers can be bonded together by adhesives. The barrier film can also include at least one second metal-containing thin film.

[0030] The metal-containing thin film can border the polymer layer.

[0031] The metal-containing thin film can be on the outside, so that the layer sequence is, for example: metal-containing barrier layer - polymer layer - metal-containing thin film. Alternatively, the polymer layer can also be on the outside, so that the layer sequence is, for example: metal-containing barrier layer - metal-containing thin film - polymer layer.

[0032] The metal-containing thin film is preferably deposited by a PVD process (physical vapor deposition). The metal-containing thin film preferably contains metals and / or metal oxides. Particularly preferably, the metal-containing thin film consists of aluminum and / or aluminum oxide.

[0033] The metal-containing barrier layer preferably contains aluminium, silver, copper and / or alloys or mixtures thereof.

[0034] The polymeric layer and / or polymeric film preferably comprises polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene chloride, polyamides, polyethylene, polypropylene, silicones, acrylonitriles, polyacrylates, polymethyl acrylates and / or copolymers or mixtures thereof. The barrier film may exhibit a gas permeation of less than 0.001 g / (m² h).

[0035] The barrier film can be designed differently.

[0036] The shear-resistant bonding proposed for this composite element, in addition to the additional sealing achieved by the second and third bonding agents, serves to permanently bond the glass panes of the insulating glass units. The connection of the glass panes to the profile element is achieved via a two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive applied to the bonding surfaces of the profile element.

[0037] The first bonding agent is therefore a two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive, wherein this two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive may in a first preferred embodiment further comprise:

[0038] - a component K1 comprising a) at least one monomer A according to formula (Illa), where R 1 either represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a methyl group;

[0039] R 2either represents a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group with 2 to 6 carbon atoms or represents a residue with 4 to 8 carbon atoms comprising either a phenyl group or an aliphatic 5- or 6-membered ring with at least one ether oxygen in the ring structure; b) at least one monomer B according to formula (1 ... where R 3 either represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a methyl group;

[0040] R 4 for a linear alkyl group with more than 12 carbon atoms in the chain and preferably at most 20 carbon atoms in the chain; c) preferably between 10 wt.% and 20 wt.%, based on component K1, of at least one elastomer C of formula (I), where R stands for either a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;

[0041] X represents a polymeric polyol after removal of two OH groups; and Y represents 0 or NR”, wherein R” represents a hydrocarbon residue or a hydrogen atom, preferably a hydrogen atom; and d) preferably at least one additive selected from the group consisting of core-shell polymer, radical curing activator, radical curing inhibitor, filler, and adhesion promoter; wherein component K1 contains between 25 wt.% and 75 wt.%, preferably between 40 wt.% and 60 wt.%, based on component K1, of the mixture of monomer A and monomer B, and wherein the mass ratio of monomer A to monomer B in component K1 is between 1:1 and 9:1, preferably between 6:4 and 8:2;

[0042] - as well as a component K2, comprising at least one initiator for radical hardening.

[0043] Substance names beginning with "Poly", such as polyisocyanate, polyurethane, polyester or polyol, refer in this document to substances that formally contain two or more of the functional groups appearing in their name per molecule.

[0044] In this document, the term "polymer" encompasses, on the one hand, a group of chemically uniform macromolecules that differ in degree of polymerization, molar mass, and chain length, and which are produced by a polymerization reaction (polymerization, polyaddition, polycondensation). On the other hand, the term also includes derivatives of such a group of macromolecules from polymerization reactions; that is, compounds obtained by changes, such as additions or substitutions, of functional groups on given macromolecules, and which may be chemically uniform or chemically heterogeneous. Furthermore, the term also includes so-called prepolymers, that is, reactive oligomeric pre-adducts whose functional groups are involved in the construction of macromolecules.

[0045] In this document, the term "polymeric polyol" encompasses any polymer, as defined above, that contains more than one hydroxyl group. Similarly, the term "polymeric diol" encompasses any polymer containing exactly two hydroxyl groups. The term "polyurethane polymer" includes all polymers produced by the so-called diisocyanate polyaddition process. This also includes polymers that are almost or entirely free of urethane groups. Examples of polyurethane polymers are polyether polyurethanes, polyester polyurethanes, polyether polyureas, polyureas, polyester polyureas, polyisocyanurates, and polycarbodiimides.

[0046] In this document, "molecular weight" refers to the defined and discrete molar mass (in grams per mole) of a molecule or a part of a molecule, also referred to as the "remainder". The "mean molecular weight" is the number mean M. n a particularly polydisperse oligomeric or polymeric mixture of molecules or residues, which is usually determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) against polystyrene as a standard.

[0047] The term “(Meth)acrylate” means “methacrylate” or “acrylate”.

[0048] A dashed line in the formulas in this document represents the bond between a substituent and the associated molecular residue, unless otherwise specified.

[0049] Room temperature is defined as approximately 23°C. Unless otherwise stated, all industry norms or standards mentioned in this document refer to the version of the industry norm or standard valid at the time of filing the patent application. The terms "mass" and "weight" are used synonymously in this document. Thus, a "weight percent" (wt%) refers to a percentage by mass, which, unless otherwise stated, refers to the mass (weight) of the entire composition, or, depending on the context, to the entire molecule.

[0050] The two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive used as the first bonding agent consists of a first component K1 and a second component K2.

[0051] The first component K1 of the two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive contains at least one radically curable (meth)acrylate-functional monomer and the second component K2 contains at least one initiator for radical curing.

[0052] Two principal preferred embodiments of such a two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive have proven to be particularly suitable for the present invention, since the cured (meth)acrylate adhesives of these embodiments exhibit particularly advantageous properties. In particular, they show very good mechanical properties over a wide temperature range, e.g., from -20°C to 80°C, especially tensile shear strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break, with these properties remaining exceptionally constant over the entire temperature range.

[0053] With these two preferred embodiments of the two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive as the first bonding agent, composite elements according to the present invention can be produced with particularly high stability over a wide temperature range, compared to the prior art, in particular the solution disclosed in WO 2014 / 184256 A1. These two preferred embodiments of the two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive differ essentially only in the composition of the respective component K1. The first preferred embodiment of component K1 comprises two different monomers, while the second preferred embodiment of component K1 contains two different elastomers. Both embodiments possess largely the same advantageous properties.

[0054] These are described below.

[0055] First preferred embodiment of component K1

[0056] The first preferred embodiment of component K1 initially comprises at least one monomer A according to formula (Illa), where R 1 either represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a methyl group;

[0057] R 2 either represents a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group with 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or represents a residue with 4 to 8 carbon atoms, comprising either a phenyl group or an aliphatic 5- or 6-ring with at least one ether oxygen in the ring structure.

[0058] R 1 In formula (Illa) preferably represents a methyl group.

[0059] R 2In formula (Illa), in a preferred embodiment of monomer A, represents a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group with 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of such monomers are hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA), hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), hydroxybutyl acrylate (HBA), or hydroxybutyl methacrylate (HBMA), preferably hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) or hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) being particularly preferred.

[0060] R 2 In formula (Illa) in another preferred embodiment of monomer A, a residue comprising 4 to 8 carbon atoms, which includes an aliphatic 5- or 6-ring with one or two ether oxygens in the ring structure.

[0061] R is usually preferred 2 of monomer A in formula (IIIa) for a hydroxyethyl group or for a benzyl group or for at least one of the groups (IVa) to (IVc) in formula (IV), where the dashed lines in shapes (IV) represent the bond between the oxygen atom and R 2 Examples of such monomers A are benzyl acrylate (BNA), benzyl methacrylate (BNMA), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA), and the isomer mixture glycerol formal methacrylate ("glycerol formal methacrylate" comprising structures (IVb) and (IVc) in formula (IV); CAS No. 1620329-57-8), which is available from Evonik under the trade name GLYFOMA.

[0062] Most preferred monomers A are benzyl methacrylate (BNMA), tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and glycerol formyl methacrylate (GLYFOMA).

[0063] Of course, mixtures of these monomers A can also be used. The component K1 of the first preferred embodiment further comprises at least one monomer B according to formula (111b). where R 3either represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a methyl group; and

[0064] R 4 for a linear alkyl group with more than 12 carbon atoms in the chain and preferably at most 20 carbon atoms in the chain.

[0065] R 3 In formula (llib), (llb) preferably represents a methyl group.

[0066] R 4 In formula (llib), the term preferably represents a linear alkyl group with 13 to 18 carbon atoms in the chain. If a mixture of different chain lengths is present at the R group, the term is represented by a different alkyl group. 4 If this is the case, then formally the average value of the chain lengths is considered the measure for the effective chain length in R. 4 .

[0067] Examples of such monomers B are lauryl tetradecyl acrylate (LATEA), lauryl tetradecyl methacrylate (LATEMA), stearyl acrylate (STEA), and stearyl methacrylate (STEMA). Lauryl tetradecyl methacrylate (LATEMA) and stearyl methacrylate (STEMA) are the most preferred.

[0068] Component K1 of the first preferred embodiment contains between 25 wt.% and 75 wt.%, preferably between 40 wt.% and 60 wt.%, based on component K1, of the mixture of monomer A and monomer B.

[0069] The mass ratio of monomer A to monomer B in component K1 is to be set between 1:1 and 9:1, preferably between 6:4 and 8:2.

[0070] Within these limits, it is possible to achieve improved elasticity both at room temperature and at very low temperatures down to -20 °C. In particular, the two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive of the first preferred embodiment contains no monomers other than monomers A and B described above.

[0071] Component K1 of the first preferred embodiment further preferably contains between 10 wt.% and 20 wt.%, based on component K1, at least one elastomer C of formula (I), where R stands for either a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;

[0072] X represents a polymeric polyol after removal of two OH groups; and Y represents 0 or NR”, where R represents a hydrocarbon residue or a hydrogen atom, preferably a hydrogen atom.

[0073] The elastomer C of formula (I) preferably has an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 40,000 g / mol, in particular of 1,000 to 30,000 g / mol, preferably of 1,000 to 20,000 g / mol.

[0074] In the elastomer C of formula (I), the residue X represents a polymeric polyol after removal of two OH groups, wherein this polymeric polyol is in particular a polyalkylene polyol, a polyoxyalkylene polyol or a polyurethane polyol; a polyhydroxy-functional ethylene-propylene, ethylene-butylene or ethylene-propylene diene copolymer; a polyhydroxy-functional copolymer of dienes such as 1,3-butanediene or diene mixtures and vinyl monomers such as styrene, acrylonitrile or isobutylene; a polyhydroxy-functional polybutadiene polyol; a polyhydroxy-functional acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymer; or a polysiloxane polyol.

[0075] Polyhydroxyterminated acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymers are typically produced from carboxyl-terminated acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymers, which are commercially available, for example, under the name Hycar® CTBN from Emerald Performance Materials, LLC, USA, and epoxides or amino alcohols.

[0076] Suitable elastomers C of formula (I) are, for example, commercially available from Kraton Polymers, USA, or under the trade names Hycar® VTB and Hycar® VTBNX from Emerald Performance Materials, LLC, USA.

[0077] In particular, the polymeric polyol is a polymeric diol D.

[0078] The elastomer C of formula (I) is preferably a polyurethane (meth)acrylate. Such compounds are typically prepared by the reaction of at least one diol D with at least one diisocyanate and a (meth)acrylic acid, a (meth)acrylamide or a (meth)acrylic acid ester having a hydroxyl group.

[0079] In a first process, this conversion can be carried out by reacting the diol D and the diisocyanate using conventional methods, for example at temperatures of 50 °C to 100 °C, optionally with the use of suitable catalysts, taking care to ensure that the NCO groups are present in stoichiometric excess compared to the OH groups.The polyurethane polymer resulting from this reaction, which terminates with isocyanate groups, is then reacted with a (meth)acrylic acid, a (meth)acrylamide or with a (meth)acrylic acid ester having a hydroxyl group, in particular with a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate such as hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA), hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), hydroxybutyl acrylate (HBA) or hydroxybutyl methacrylate (HBMA), preferably with hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) or hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), or with a monohydroxypoly(meth)acrylate of a polyol, preferably of glycerol or trimethylolpropane, to form a polyurethane(meth)acrylate.

[0080] In a second process, the diol D can be reacted with the diisocyanate, with the OH groups being present in stoichiometric excess compared to the NCO groups. The polyurethane polymer resulting from this reaction, which terminates with hydroxyl groups, can be esterified with a (meth)acrylic acid to give the elastomer C of formula (I).Another process for the preparation of elastomer C is to react, in a first step, the (meth)acrylic acid, the (meth)acrylamide, or the (meth)acrylic acid ester having a hydroxyl group, in particular hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate such as hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA), hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), hydroxybutyl acrylate (HBA), or hydroxybutyl methacrylate (HBMA), preferably hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) or hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), or a monohydroxypoly(meth)acrylate of a polyol, preferably of glycerol or trimethylolpropane, with at least one diisocyanate, which is used in such an amount that the NCO groups are in excess of the OH groups. In a subsequent reaction, the resulting intermediate, having an isocyanate group, is reacted with at least one diol D to give elastomer C of formula (I).

[0081] Elastomer C of formula (I) can also be produced by esterifying a (meth)acrylic acid with a diol D, wherein the diol is present in stoichiometric excess. In a subsequent reaction, the partially esterified diol D reacts with a diisocyanate to form elastomer C of formula (I).

[0082] Preferred diols D are polyoxyalkylene diols, also called "polyether diols", polyester diols, polycarbonate diols and mixtures thereof. The most preferred diols are polyoxyethylene diols, polyoxypropylene diols or polyoxybutylene diols.

[0083] Polyoxyalkylene diols can exhibit varying degrees of unsaturation (measured according to ASTM D-2849-69 and expressed in milliequivalents of unsaturation per gram of polyol (mEq / g)). Those with a low degree of unsaturation are produced, for example, using so-called double metal cyanide complex catalysts (DMC catalysts), while those with a higher degree of unsaturation are produced, for example, using anionic catalysts such as NaOH, KOH, CsOH, or alkali alkoxides.

[0084] The use of polyoxyalkylene diols with a low degree of unsaturation, particularly less than 0.01 mEq / g, is preferred for diols with a molecular weight > 2000 g / mol. In principle, all diisocyanates are suitable. Examples include 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 2-methylpentamethylene-1,5-diisocyanate, 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), 1,12-dodecamethylene diisocyanate, lysine and lysine ester diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane (= isophorone diisocyanate or IPDI), perhydro-2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and perhydro-4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanato-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexane (TMCDI), 1,3- and 1,4-bis-(isocyanatomethyl)-cyclohexane, m- and p-Xylylene diisocyanate (m- and p-XDI), m- and p-tetramethyl-1,3-xylylene diisocyanate, m- and p-tetramethyl-1,4-xylylene diisocyanate,Bis-(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl)naphthalene, 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,3- and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-diisocyanatobenzene, naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate (NDI), 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenyl (TODI); oligomers and polymers of the aforementioned isocyanates, as well as any mixtures of the aforementioned isocyanates. The preferred diisocyanate is 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (IPDI).

[0085] Elastomer C is most preferably a polyurethane (meth)acrylate, in particular producible from the reaction of at least one diol D, in particular a polyoxypropylene diol, with at least one diisocyanate and a (meth)acrylic acid ester having a hydroxyl group, wherein the diol D reacts with a diisocyanate, in particular an isophorone diisocyanate, which is present in stoichiometric excess; and the resulting isocyanate-terminated polyurethane is reacted with the (meth)acrylic acid ester having a hydroxyl group, in particular with a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, preferably with hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) or hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to give elastomer C of formula (I).A particularly preferred embodiment of component K1 of the first preferred embodiment contains tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA) as monomer A, lauryl tetradecyl methacrylate (LATEMA) and / or stearyl methacrylate (STEMA) as monomer B, and in particular no further monomers, and polyurethane (meth)acrylate as elastomer C.

[0086] Another particularly preferred embodiment of component K1 of the first preferred embodiment contains glycerol formyl methacrylate (GLYFOMA) as monomer A, lauryl tetradecyl methacrylate (LATEMA) and / or stearyl methacrylate (STEMA) as monomer B, and in particular no further monomers, and polyurethane (meth)acrylate as elastomer C.

[0087] Another particularly preferred embodiment of component K1 of the first preferred embodiment contains hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as monomer A, lauryl tetradecyl methacrylate (LATEMA) and / or stearyl methacrylate (STEMA) as monomer B, and in particular no further monomers, and polyurethane (meth)acrylate as elastomer C.

[0088] Another particularly preferred embodiment of component K1 of the first preferred embodiment contains benzyl methacrylate (BNMA) as monomer A, lauryl tetradecyl methacrylate (LATEMA) and / or stearyl methacrylate (STEMA) as monomer B, and in particular no further monomers, and polyurethane (meth)acrylate as elastomer C.

[0089] Second preferred embodiment of component K1

[0090] The second preferred embodiment of component K1 comprises at least one monomer M according to formula (Illa), where R 1either represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a methyl group;

[0091] R 2 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon residue with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, which may optionally contain one or more CC multiple bonds and / or cycloaliphatic residues and / or aromatic residues and / or heteroatoms, especially oxygen.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment of monomer M, R represents 2 in formula (Illa) either a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group with 2 to 6 carbon atoms or a residue with 4 to 12 carbon atoms comprising a cycloaliphatic unit, in particular a five- and six-membered ring, which preferably contains at least one heteroatom such as oxygen or a bicyclic unit such as an isobornyl residue or an aromatic unit such as a phenyl or benzyl residue.

[0093] In another preferred embodiment of monomer M, R 2 In formula (IIIa), a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group with 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of such monomers are hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA), hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), hydroxybutyl acrylate (HBA) or hydroxybutyl methacrylate (HBMA), preferably hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) or hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), wherein hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is particularly preferred.

[0094] In a further preferred embodiment of monomer M, R 2 In formula (IIIa), a residue with 4 to 12 carbon atoms comprising a cycloaliphatic unit such as an aliphatic 5- or 6-membered ring, preferably containing at least one or two heteroatoms, and more preferably one or two ether oxygen atoms, in the ring structure. It is particularly preferred if R 2of monomer M in formula (Illa) corresponds to one of the groups of formulas (IVa) to (IVc) in formula (IV) as described above for monomer A, where the dashed lines in formulas (IVa) to (IVc) represent the bond between the oxygen atom and R 2 represent. Examples of such monomers M are, in particular, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA).

[0095] In another preferred embodiment of monomer M, R 2 In formula (Illa), a residue with 4 to 12 carbon atoms comprising a bicyclic unit. It is most preferred if R 2 of monomer M in formula (Illa) corresponds to one of the groups in formula (Id) and (le), where the dashed lines in formulas (Id) and (le) represent the bond between the oxygen atom and R 2Examples of such monomers M include, in particular, isobornyl methacrylate (CAS No. 7534-94-3), which is available from Evonik under the trade name VISIOMER® Terra IBOMA and is based to a significant extent on renewable sources.

[0096] In a further preferred embodiment of monomer M, R 2 In formula (Illa), a residue with 4 to 12 carbon atoms comprising an aromatic moiety. It is particularly preferred if R2 in formula (I) corresponds to one of the groups in formulas (If) and (Ig). where the dashed lines in formulas (If) and (Ig) represent the bond between the oxygen atom and R 2 represent. Examples of such monomers M are, in particular, benzyl methacrylate (BNMA).

[0097] Preferably, the monomer M of the second preferred embodiment of component K1 is present in an amount of 20 to 50 wt.%, particularly preferably 25 to 45 wt.%, most preferably 30 to 40 wt.%, based on the total weight of component K1.

[0098] Preferably, the composition according to the invention does not contain methyl methacrylate (MMA).

[0099] In a further preferred embodiment of the second preferred embodiment of component K1, the monomer M does not contain glycerol formal methacrylate (GLYFOMA).

[0100] It goes without saying that in the second preferred embodiment of component K1, mixtures of these monomers M can also be used.

[0101] The second preferred embodiment of component K1 further comprises two different elastomers C as described above, comprising at least one elastomer C1 of formula (I), where R stands for either a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;

[0102] X represents a polymeric diol after removal of two OH groups, wherein the polymeric diol is not a polyester diol; and Y represents 0 or NR”, wherein R represents a hydrocarbon residue or a hydrogen atom, preferably a hydrogen atom; and at least one elastomer C2 of formula (I), wherein R represents either a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;

[0103] X represents a polymeric diol after removal of two OH groups, wherein the polymeric diol is a polyester diol; and Y represents 0 or NR”, wherein R represents a hydrocarbon residue or a hydrogen atom, preferably a hydrogen atom; provided that component K1 of the second preferred embodiment contains between 10 wt.% and 60 wt.%, preferably between 20 wt.% and 50 wt.%, based on component K1, of the mixture of elastomer C1 and elastomer C2, and provided that the mass ratio of elastomer C1 to elastomer C2 in component K1 of the second preferred embodiment is between 10:1 and 1:2, preferably between 2:1 and 1:1.

[0104] Preferred embodiments of elastomer C1 correspond to those described above for elastomer C, provided that the diol D used is not a polyester diol. Preferred diols D for elastomer C1 are:

[0105] Polyether diols, in particular polyoxypropylene diols. Preferred embodiments of elastomer C2 correspond to those described above for elastomer C, provided that the diol D used is a polyester diol, wherein this polyester diol is in particular a poly(s-caprolactone) diol (PCL), a poly(d,I-Iactide) diol (PDLLA), a poly(glycolide) diol (PGA), a poly(ethylene adipate) diol, a polyester based on 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol (MPD) and adipic acid, a polyester based on 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol (MPD) and terephthalic acid, a polyester based on 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol (MPD) and isophthalic acid, or a polyester based on 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol (MPD) and sebacic acid. Preferably, the polyester diol for elastomer C2 is not a dimer fatty acid-based polyester diol, as these can lead to poor low-temperature elasticity.

[0106] In a preferred embodiment, the elastomer C1 and the elastomer C2 are polyurethane (meth)acrylates, in the case of C1 with a polyether backbone and in the case of C2 with a polyester backbone, each obtained from the reaction of at least one diol D as described above with at least one diisocyanate and a (meth)acrylic acid ester with a hydroxyl group, wherein

[0107] - The diol D reacts with a diisocyanate, preferably isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), which is present in stoichiometric excess.

[0108] - The isocyanate-terminated polyurethane thus obtained is reacted with the (meth)acrylic acid ester with a hydroxyl group, in particular with a hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate, preferably with hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) or hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), to obtain the elastomer C1 and the elastomer C2 of formula (Illa).

[0109] Further aspects relating to all preferred embodiments of the adhesive, and in particular component K1, are described below. The adhesive preferably contains, in component K1, between 0.5 wt.% and 5 wt.%, based on component K1, an adhesion promoter, in particular an organosilane, and / or a metal (meth)acrylate or a (meth)acrylate of formula (II).

[0110] The substituent R' represents either a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, n represents a value from 1 to 15, in particular from 1 to 5, preferably from 1 to 3. m represents a value from 1 to 3 and p represents a value of 3 minus m.

[0111] Preferred metal (meth)acrylates are metal (meth)acrylates of calcium, magnesium, or zinc, which have a hydroxyl group and / or (meth)acrylic acid or (meth)acrylate as a ligand or anion. Particularly preferred metal (meth)acrylates are zinc (meth)acrylate, calcium (meth)acrylate, Zn(OH)(meth)acrylate, and magnesium (meth)acrylate.

[0112] Preferred (meth)acrylates of formula (II) are 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate, bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphate, tris(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphate, and mixtures thereof.

[0113] Preferred organosilanes are epoxy-functional silanes, in particular 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0114] Adhesion promoters serve to improve adhesion to specific substrates. The use of phosphorus-containing (meth)acrylates according to formula (II) is particularly advantageous for metal surfaces (aluminum, anodized aluminum, etc.).

[0115] Organosilanes improve adhesion to glass and ceramic surfaces. Metal (meth)acrylates are also advantageous for bonding, for example, to metal surfaces.

[0116] Of course, mixtures of different adhesion promoters can also be used. The proportion of any adhesion promoter present in component K1 is preferably between 1 and 3 wt.%, based on component

[0117] K1

[0118] Furthermore, the adhesive in component K1 may preferably additionally contain at least one core-shell polymer. Core-shell polymers consist of an elastic core polymer and a rigid shell polymer. Particularly suitable core-shell polymers consist of a rigid shell of a rigid thermoplastic polymer grafted onto a core of cross-linked elastic acrylate or butadiene polymer.

[0119] Particularly suitable core-shell polymers are those that swell in monomer A and / or co-monomer B or monomer M, but do not dissolve in it.

[0120] Preferred core-shell polymers are so-called MBS polymers, which are commercially available, for example, under the trade names Clearstrength® from Arkema Inc., USA, or Paraloid® from Rohm and Haas, USA. The core-shell polymers are preferably used in an amount of 0.01 to 30 wt.%, particularly 5 to 20 wt.%, based on component K1.

[0121] Furthermore, the two-component adhesive may additionally preferably contain at least one radical curing activator, also referred to as a catalyst, in component K1. The activator is, in particular, a tertiary amine, a transition metal salt, or a transition metal complex. Suitable tertiary amines include, for example, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethyl p-toluidine, N,N-diethyl p-toluidine, N-methyl-N-hydroxyethyl p-toluidine, N,Nb / s(2-hydroxyethyl) p-toluidine, as well as alkoxylated N,Nb / s(hydroxyethyl) p-toluidines, N-ethoxylated p-toluidine, N-alkylmorpholine, and mixtures thereof. Transition metal salts and transition metal complexes include, for example, salts and complexes of cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, or vanadium. Mixtures of such substances can also be used as activators. The most preferred activator is N,N-Bis-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-para-Toluidine.

[0122] The activator is preferably used in an amount of 0.01 to 2.5 wt.%, in particular 0.5 to 2.5 wt.%, based on component K1.

[0123] Preferably, the two-component adhesive contains an additional radical curing inhibitor in component K1. These are substances that slow down or moderate the radical curing mechanisms or inhibit undesired curing reactions (e.g., UV light- or atmospheric oxygen-induced mechanisms), resulting in improved storage stability and / or more controlled, uniform curing.

[0124] Preferably, component K1 contains between 0.001 wt.% and 0.5 wt.%, based on component K1, at least one inhibitor for radical hardening, in particular an alkylated phenol, preferably 2,6-di-te / t.butyl-p-cresol.

[0125] Furthermore, component K1 may preferably contain at least one additional filler. Particularly suitable fillers include natural, ground or precipitated calcium carbonates (chalks), optionally coated with fatty acids, especially stearates; montmorillonite; bentonite; barium sulfate (BaSO4, also called barite or barite); calcined kaolin; quartz flour; aluminum oxides; aluminum hydroxides; silicas, especially pyrogenic silicas; modified castor oil derivatives; and polymer powders or polymer fibers. Calcium carbonates are preferred; coated calcium carbonates are usually preferred.

[0126] The filler is typically used in an amount of 0.01 to 35 wt.%, in particular 5 to 30 wt.%, preferably 15 to 25 wt.%, based on component K1.

[0127] The second component K2 of the two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive comprises at least one radical curing initiator. This initiator is a radical former that forms reactive radicals, which trigger the radical curing mechanism of the monomers in component K1.

[0128] Molecules that form radicals under the influence of heat or electromagnetic radiation, which then lead to the polymerization of the composition, are particularly suitable as such radical formers.

[0129] Radical generators include, in particular, thermally activatable radical generators and photoinitiators.

[0130] Thermally activatable radical initiators are particularly preferred if they are sufficiently stable at room temperature but form radicals at slightly elevated temperatures. In particular, such a radical initiator is a peroxide, a perester, or a hydroperoxide. Organic peroxides are preferred. Dibenzoyl peroxide is most often preferred.

[0131] Photoinitiators are radical initiators that form radicals under the influence of electromagnetic radiation. A photoinitiator that forms radicals when irradiated with electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 230 nm to 400 nm and is liquid at room temperature is particularly suitable.

[0132] The photoinitiator selected from the group consisting of α-hydroxyketones, phenyl glyoxylates, monoacylphosphines, diacylphosphines, phosphine oxides, and mixtures thereof is particularly preferred, especially 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone, methyl phenyl glyoxylate, oxyphenylacetic acid 2-[2-oxo-2-phenylacetoxy-ethoxy]ethyl ester, oxyphenylacetic acid 2-[2-hydroxy-ethoxy]ethyl ester, diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide, phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide, and mixtures thereof. Such photoinitiators are commercially available, for example, from the IRGACURE® and DAROCUR® product lines of Ciba Speciality Chemicals, Switzerland. Mixtures of photoinitiators can also be used.

[0133] Component K2 of the two-component adhesive preferably contains between 5 wt.% and 75 wt.%, based on component K2, of at least one initiator for radical curing, wherein the initiator is in particular a thermally activatable radical former, preferably a peroxide, a hydroperoxide or a perester, most preferably dibenzoyl peroxide, or wherein the initiator is a photoinitiator, in particular a photoinitiator which forms radicals when irradiated with electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength of 230 nm to 400 nm.

[0134] Dibenzoyl peroxide is most preferred as an initiator in component K2. It is preferably used dispersed in a plasticizer.

[0135] Component K2 of the two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive preferably additionally contains at least one additive selected from the group consisting of plasticizer, filler, thixotope additive and dye, in particular all of these additives.

[0136] All non-reactive substances that are liquid at room temperature and are commonly used in this function in (meth)acrylate compositions are suitable as plasticizers.

[0137] For example, the same fillers as described for component K1 are suitable as fillers.

[0138] Suitable colorants include non-reactive organic dyes and pigments. Suitable thixotropic additives include all additives commonly used in (meth)acrylate compositions.

[0139] The described adhesive may contain additional components in one or both components. Such additional components include viscosity modifiers, dyes, pigments, inhibitors, UV and heat stabilizers, metal oxides, antistatic agents, flame retardants, biocides, plasticizers, waxes, leveling agents, adhesion promoters, thixotropic agents, spacers, and other common raw materials and additives known to those skilled in the art.

[0140] The first bonding agent is a two-component (meth)acrylate composition, the two components of which, K1 and K2, are stored separately until application. The first component, K1, contains, in particular, those ingredients of the described composition that possess radically polymerizable groups. The second component, K2, contains, in particular, the radical initiators. Furthermore, other components of a two-component composition, especially those that could impair the storage stability of the composition through reaction with each other, can also be stored separately.

[0141] Typically, in such two-component (meth)acrylate adhesives, component K1 contains monomers, elastomers, core-shell polymers, catalysts, adhesion promoters, pigments, and fillers, while component K2 contains radical initiators, pigments, and fillers. The mixing ratio of K1 to K2 is usually in the range of 1:1 to 10:1.

[0142] The two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive described above, used as the first bonding agent, possesses, particularly in the two preferred embodiments as described, high strength and stiffness and sufficiently high elasticity over a very wide temperature range, covering the application range of insulating glass units. It exhibits high elasticity at room temperature and at elevated temperatures up to 80°C, while simultaneously possessing sufficiently high strength and stiffness to stabilize the composite element against stresses and wind loads, for example, without additional stiffening. Furthermore, it remains sufficiently elastic even at very low temperatures, for example, down to -20°C, and can outperform conventional (meth)acrylate adhesives in this respect. Additionally, the two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive can be formulated without volatile, strongly unpleasant-smelling monomers such as methyl methacrylate (MMA).The elongations at break of the two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive used according to the invention, measured according to DIN EN 53504, are at least 100%, preferably at least 150%, and particularly at least 200% or higher at room temperature (23°C). At the same time, the two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive used according to the invention exhibits elongations at break of at least 20%, preferably at least 25%, and particularly at least 30% or higher at a temperature of -20°C, which represents a significant improvement compared to typical two-component (meth)acrylate adhesives of the prior art.

[0143] The second and / or third bonding agent is or preferably comprises at least partially polyisobutylene (PIB).

[0144] In some embodiments, the second and / or third fastener may also consist partially or entirely of the same material as the first fastener, i.e., a two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive as described above. This may be identical to the adhesive of the first fastener, or it may be a different embodiment of the described two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive of the first fastener.

[0145] In a composite element according to the invention, with a two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive designed according to the invention as the first bonding agent, one of the advantages is that a particularly shear-resistant structure can be achieved. By using such an adhesive as the first bonding agent, a significantly higher stiffness of the composite element can be achieved with simultaneously lower material usage compared to conventional adhesives such as silicones. In addition, the bonding agent also exhibits improved low-temperature stability compared to prior art (meth)acrylate adhesives.

[0146] Generally speaking, the stiffer the adhesive, the more shear-resistant the bond, but also the higher the stresses in the glass and the adhesive joint. High stresses can lead to glass and adhesive breakage. These stresses can arise from the difference in thermal expansion between the glass and the spacer, the weight of the glass itself, and from traffic loads such as wind pressure, suction, and operating forces.

[0147] It is therefore particularly important to select the stiffness of the adhesive such that, with optimal bonding, acceptable stresses are still transferred between the glass and the adhesive. The two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive formulated and used according to the invention exhibits particularly advantageous properties in this respect, as it possesses the necessary stiffness even at very low temperatures, as well as sufficient elasticity to absorb and transfer the tensile forces. At the same time, it possesses the other mechanical properties required for use as a primary bonding agent within the scope of this invention. Important technical values ​​therefore include, for example, the shear modulus of the adhesive, which is also temperature-dependent, as well as tensile strength and adhesion strength.Furthermore, the coefficient of thermal expansion between the glass and the spacer, temperature differences between glass manufacturing and use, wind loads depending on the glass surface area, dead loads depending on glass thickness and surface area, and stresses from installation and use must also be considered. This type of structural glass bonding can, for example, achieve particularly gentle glazing and reduce the risk of glass breakage.

[0148] In a preferred embodiment, the first edge of the barrier film is arranged in the second bonding element such that a distance ai remains between the first edge of the barrier film and the first pane element, and / or the second edge of the barrier film is arranged on or in the third bonding element such that a distance a2 remains between the second edge of the barrier film and the second pane element. A particular consideration in this embodiment is to avoid a heat conduction bridge across the barrier film from the first pane element to the second pane element. In a preferred embodiment, the profile element consists at least partially, and preferably entirely, of a short-fiber-reinforced plastic.

[0149] The short fiber reinforced plastic typically comprises

[0150] 40 to 80 wt.%, preferably 40 to 60 wt.%, in particular 40 to 55 wt.%, especially preferably 45 to 55 wt.% of at least one thermoplastic polymer, and

[0151] 20 to 60 wt.%, preferably 40 to 60 wt.%, in particular 45 to 60 wt.%, especially preferably 45 to 55 wt.% short fibers, wherein the wt.% are based on the total weight of the short fiber reinforced plastic and together make up 100 wt.%.

[0152] The thermoplastic material comprises, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic material, preferably at least 50 wt.% of a polyester, in particular a polybutylene terephthalate (“PBT”).

[0153] A preferred thermoplastic polymer comprises 50 to 100 wt.%, preferably 100 wt.% PBT, and

[0154] 0 to 50 wt.%, preferably 0 wt.% of a thermoplastic polymer, copolymer and / or polymer blend other than PBT, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (“PET”), styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (“SAN”) and / or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (“ABS”), wherein the wt.% are based on the total wt.% of the thermoplastic polymer and together make up 100 wt.%.

[0155] According to the invention, preferred PBTs are those that are semi-crystalline at temperatures below 50°C.

[0156] PBT, PET, and ABS are well-known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature. The thermoplastic material can also contain additives. Suitable additives include, in principle, all non-short-fiber plastic additives known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature. Non-fiber plastic additives within the meaning of the present invention include, for example, stabilizers and oxidation retarders, agents to prevent thermal decomposition and decomposition by ultraviolet light, lubricants and demolding agents, colorants, pigments, and plasticizers. The additives can be used alone, in a mixture, or in the form of masterbatches in the amounts known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature.

[0157] Within the scope of the present invention, "short fibers" are fibers with a diameter in the range of 5 to 20 pm, a length in the range of 0.1 to 0.8 mm, in particular a length in the range of 0.2 to 0.4 mm and a length-to-diameter ratio in the range of 4 to 40.

[0158] Short fibers can, in principle, be made of any material known to experts. However, glass fibers are particularly preferred for short fibers.

[0159] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the profile element consists of a short-fiber reinforced plastic comprising

[0160] 40 to 80 wt.%, preferably 40 to 60 wt.%, in particular 40 to 55 wt.%, especially preferably 45 to 55 wt.% of a thermoplastic polymer, and

[0161] 20 to 60 wt.%, preferably 40 to 60 wt.%, more preferably 45 to 60 wt.%, particularly preferably 45 to 55 wt.% short glass fibers, wherein the wt. percentages are based on the total weight of the short-fiber-reinforced plastic and together total 100 wt.%, wherein the thermoplastic plastic, based on its total weight, comprises at least 50 wt.% of a polybutylene terephthalate (“PBT”). In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the short-fiber-reinforced plastic has a volumetric flow index (MVR) in the range of 2 to 80, preferably 3 to 20 cm⁻¹. 3 / (10 min) on, measured according to ISO 1133-1 :2022 at 250 °C and a load of 2.16 kg.

[0162] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the short fiber reinforced plastic has a melting temperature in the range of 160 to 225°C, measured according to ISO 11357-1 :2016.

[0163] Preferably, the short fiber reinforced plastic has a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 60-10' 6 K -1 , preferably less than 30-10' 6 K -1 and in particular preferably of less than 25-10' 6 K' 1 on (measured on samples in the extrusion direction of the profile element at 23 °C according to ISO 11359:2014.

[0164] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the short fiber reinforced plastic has a Young's modulus of more than 4000 MPa (measured at 23 °C according to ISO 527-1 :2019).

[0165] Preferably, the short fiber reinforced plastic has a thermal conductivity of less than 0.4 W / (mK) (measured according to DIN 52612-1 :1979).

[0166] The profile elements produced from these short-fiber reinforced plastics, preferably extruded, contribute significantly to solving the problem underlying this invention due to their glass-like thermal expansion, low thermal conductivity, high shear strength and low argon diffusion coefficients, in particular as part of the composite elements according to the invention.

[0167] If the profile element, which acts as a spacer between the first and second pane elements, is made of short-fiber-reinforced plastic, heat transfer can be further reduced compared to designs using metallic spacers. Several options exist for arranging the barrier film on or within the profile element, and these are by no means exhaustive. In one possible configuration, the barrier film can be laminated onto the profile element. In another, equally possible configuration, the barrier film is embedded in the matrix of the profile element. It is therefore conceivable to incorporate the barrier film into the profile element during its manufacture.

[0168] In a further preferred embodiment, the profile element has a cavity that is in gas exchange with the space between the discs. In a preferred further development, a desiccant can be arranged in the cavity of the profile element or the cavity can be filled with a desiccant.

[0169] In one possible embodiment, the barrier film is arranged on the outer side of the profile element facing away from the cavity. In an alternative embodiment, the barrier film is arranged on the inner side of the profile element facing the cavity.

[0170] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the first and / or the second connecting surface is at least partially designed as a recess, in particular as a recess which is such that it is recessed compared to the third and / or fourth connecting surface, in particular with regard to the bearing surface on the first or second disc element.

[0171] The recess can be, for example, a joint or a stepped depression. The smaller the joint height, the more shear-resistant the bond. However, as the joint height decreases, the stress in the adhesive and glass increases. Therefore, the calculation is not linear. Corner areas can be particularly critical because the highest stresses can occur there. At the same time, the joint width plays a comparatively minor role in the shear-resistant bond. The stress in the adhesive and glass can be controlled by adjusting the joint width. Here, the larger the area (resulting from the joint width and perimeter), the lower the stress in the adhesive joint and between the adhesive and the glass.

[0172] Increased stiffness of the composite element is particularly advantageous when, for example, deflection due to wind loads can occur when the composite element is used as an insulating glass unit. This can occur, for instance, in the division area of ​​two-part windows or in the unsupported area of ​​facades. In such cases, it may be necessary to structurally reinforce the central area, which, according to the prior art, is achieved by larger frame cross-sections or additional stiffening within the frame profile. The design basis for the deflection must satisfy the condition < I / 200, where I is the length of the glass edge. With shear-resistant glass bonded according to a construction according to the invention with a composite element, or...In an advantageous embodiment, the previously necessary additional stiffeners can be completely or partially omitted and / or frame cross-sections can be reduced, or, with the same frame cross-sections and stiffeners, larger ones can be manufactured. This leads to sometimes considerable material savings and is also visually appealing.

[0173] It should be noted that the larger the gap between the panes, the stiffer the glass becomes. The calculation is not linear; the distance is cubed in the calculation.

[0174] According to one embodiment, the first and third connecting surfaces form a first side surface of the profile element, and the second and fourth connecting surfaces form a second side surface of the profile element. The proportion of the recess on the first side surface and / or on the second side surface is preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 45%, and even more preferably at least 50%, particularly at least 55%. In another embodiment, the proportion of the recess on the first side surface and / or on the second side surface is at most 70%, preferably at most 65%.According to a preferred embodiment, the proportion of the recess on the first side surface and on the second side surface is at most 70%, preferably at most 65%. In this area, a particularly preferred receiving capacity for the first connecting element can be provided, thereby achieving a particularly rigid connection between the composite element and the pane elements in the insulating glass unit, which can prevent or significantly reduce deflection due to wind loads.

[0175] In one possible embodiment, for example, the recess for applying the first bonding agent may have a width of at least 6 mm, preferably at least 7 mm, and a depth of at least 1.5 mm, preferably at least 2 mm, to ensure that the first bonding agent extends between the first bonding surface and the first pane element and / or the second bonding surface and the second pane element to a width of at least 6 mm, preferably at least 7 mm, and a thickness of at least 1.5 mm, preferably at least 2 mm. The "width" mentioned here refers to the extent of the recess along the first side surface and / or the second side surface. The "depth" mentioned here refers to the extent perpendicular to the width, i.e., the extent in the direction between the profile element and the pane element of an insulating glass unit. The width is preferably at most 10 mm, more preferably at most 9 mm.The depth is preferably at most 4 mm, more preferably at most 3 mm. In a further preferred embodiment, the profile element is positioned between the first and second pane elements such that its outer surface is flush with both pane elements.

[0176] In another possible embodiment, the profile element is positioned between the first and second pane elements such that the recesses for receiving the first connecting element face away from the space between the panes. In an alternative embodiment, the profile element is positioned between the first and second pane elements such that the recesses for receiving the first connecting element face towards the space between the panes.

[0177] Furthermore, the profile element may be designed to have a box-like base body with respect to its cross-section. This box-like shape can be achieved, for example, by having a substantially rectangular or square cross-section.

[0178] Furthermore, as already mentioned, it is conceivable that the base body is at least partially hollow inside or has and / or forms a cavity, whereby, for example, the cavity is at least partially permeable and / or perforated, and furthermore, for example, the cavity is at least partially filled with a desiccant (a hygroscopic material).

[0179] Furthermore, it is possible that a first web and / or a second web is integrally formed on the base body, wherein at least one side wall of the first web forms at least partially the first connecting surface, and / or wherein at least one side wall of the second web forms at least partially the first connecting surface. It can also be provided that the first pane element and the second pane element are at least partially made of glass, and the profile element, as already mentioned, is at least partially made of short-fiber reinforced material, in particular at least partially of short-fiber composite material, preferably at least partially of short-fiber reinforced plastic. This has the advantage that both the pane elements and the profile element have essentially the same coefficient of thermal expansion. This, in turn, has the advantage that stresses resulting from heat can be minimized.

[0180] According to one embodiment, the profile element has a first cavity and a second cavity. In a preferred embodiment, the first cavity is located adjacent to the inside of the profile element and the second cavity is located adjacent to the outside of the profile element. In a preferred embodiment, the profile element with the first and second cavities has the recess described above. In this embodiment, the recess preferably extends along the entire length of the second cavity of the profile element. The first and second cavities are preferably separated from each other by a web, the web running parallel to the inside and outside of the profile element. The first cavity can serve to hold desiccant. The presence of both the first and second cavities allows the amount of desiccant to be reduced compared to a single cavity.In addition, the profile element according to this embodiment exhibits increased stiffness due to the presence of the optional web. Furthermore, this embodiment allows for the easy integration of a pressure equalization element into the profile element.

[0181] Furthermore, the present invention relates to an insulating glass unit with the features of claim 20. According to this claim, the insulating glass unit is provided with at least one composite element according to any one of claims 1 to 19. The present invention also relates to a window with the features of claim 21. According to this claim, the window is designed with a composite element according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

[0182] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a door with the features of claim 22. According to this claim, a door is provided with at least one composite element according to one of claims 1 to 19 and / or with at least one insulating glass pane according to claim 20.

[0183] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a composite element with the features of claim 23. According to this method, for manufacturing a composite element, in particular a composite element for an insulating glass unit, at least one first pane element and at least one second pane element, as well as at least one first profile element, are joined together by bonding, wherein the profile element has at least one first bonding surface and / or at least one second bonding surface, wherein the first and / or the second bonding surface is provided and configured for the application and / or reception of a first bonding agent.wherein a third connecting surface is provided adjacent to the first connecting surface for the application and / or reception of a second connecting means and / or a fourth connecting surface is provided adjacent to the second connecting surface for the application and / or reception of a third connecting means and wherein the first disc element and the second disc element are connected by means of the profile element and the first connecting means and optionally the second connecting means and the third connecting means, wherein the composite element has the features according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

[0184] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an insulating glass pane with the features of claim 24. It is provided that for manufacturing an insulating glass pane, at least one composite element according to one of claims 1 to 19 or a composite element obtained by the method according to claim 23 is used.

[0185] Brief description of the drawing

[0186] The following section provides a more detailed explanation of exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings.

[0187] They show:

[0188] Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a part of an insulating glass unit according to the invention.

[0189] Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a part of another insulating glass unit according to the invention.

[0190] Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of a composite element according to the invention.

[0191] Fig. 4 shows a further modified embodiment of a composite element according to the invention.

[0192] Fig. 5 shows a further modification of an embodiment of a composite element according to the invention.

[0193] Only the elements essential for an immediate understanding of the invention are shown.

[0194] Method for implementing the invention

[0195] Figures 1 and 2 show two embodiments of an insulating glass unit 100 with at least one composite element 10, which is formed by the glass panes 20 and 22 and the profile element 30. In the embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 2, the insulating glass unit 100 has a third glass pane 24 and a further profile element 30, which connects the third glass pane 24 to the glass pane 22. The two profile elements 30 are identical in construction within each embodiment, but differ between the two embodiments. The embodiment in Figure 1 has, in addition to a box-shaped base body 36, a first web 38 and a second web 39, which are described in more detail below. The embodiment in Figure 2 has only a box-shaped base body 36.The embodiment in Figure 1 can also be such that the first web 38 and the second web 39 are attached above the base body 36.

[0196] In all embodiments, it is conceivable that the space between the disk elements 20, 22, 24 is filled with a gas. Such a gas could, for example, be argon.

[0197] The second and third disc elements 22, 24 together with the further profile element located between them form another composite element 10', which is essentially identical to the first composite element 10 and which is now described in detail below:

[0198] The composite element comprises the first disc element 20 and a second disc element 22 as well as the first profile element 30 or spacer 30. The profile element 30 has a first connecting surface 32 and a second connecting surface 33, wherein the first and the second connecting surfaces 32, 33 are provided and designed for the application and reception of a first connecting element 40.

[0199] The first bonding agent 40 is, in all embodiments, a two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive as defined in claim 1, for example, composition E1 as described below. Calculations and tests with the embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 2 and with the embodiments of the two-component adhesive described below have shown that approximately 10 times higher stiffness can be achieved compared to conventional constructions without (meth)acrylate adhesives. At the same time, significantly higher low-temperature elasticity and thus stress fracture resistance of the bond is also achieved than in prior art constructions based on conventional (meth)acrylate adhesives.

[0200] The first and second connecting surfaces 32, 33 are designed as recesses which are such that they are set back from the third and / or fourth connecting surface 34, 35 with respect to the bearing surface on the first or second disk element 20, 22.

[0201] The recess here is a joint or a stepped recess. The smaller the joint height x, the more shear-resistant the bond becomes. However, as the joint height x decreases, the stress in the adhesive and glass increases. Therefore, the calculation is not linear. Corner areas can be particularly critical because the highest stresses can occur there. At the same time, the joint width y plays a comparatively minor role in the shear-resistant bond. The stress in the adhesive and glass can be controlled by adjusting the joint width y. Here, the larger the area (resulting from joint width and perimeter), the lower the stress in the adhesive joint and between the adhesive 40 and the glass of the pane element 20, 22.

[0202] Adjacent to the first bonding surface 32, a third bonding surface 34 is provided for the application and / or reception of a second bonding agent 50, and adjacent to the second bonding surface 33, a fourth bonding surface 35 is provided for the application and / or reception of a second bonding agent 50. In both illustrated embodiments, the first disc element 20 and the second disc element 22 are connected by means of the profile element 30 and the first bonding agent 40 and the second bonding agent 50, here polyisobutylene (PIB).

[0203] In both embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 2, the profile element 30 has a box-like base body 36 with respect to its cross-section. The base body 36 is at least partially hollow inside and has a cavity 37. The cavity 37 is at least partially permeable and perforated and filled with a hygroscopic material. This allows moisture to be absorbed.

[0204] In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, a first web 38 and a second web 39 are integrally formed on the base body 36, wherein a side wall of the first web 38 forms at least part of the first connecting surface 32 and wherein a side wall of the second web 39 forms at least part of the second connecting surface 33. However, embodiments are also possible in which the first web 38 and the second web 39 are located above the base body 36.

[0205] Furthermore, in embodiments with a first web 38 and a second web 39, the webs are at least partially designed to exhibit a certain degree of flexibility, thereby compensating for stress forces that can occur, for example, due to high pressure differentials between the gas in the space between the disk elements 20, 22, 24 and atmospheric pressure. This provides additional stability. Such flexibility can be achieved, for example, by having a thinner wall thickness at at least one point in the respective web, allowing controlled, reversible bending. It is also possible to manufacture the respective web partially from a softer, more elastic material, thus achieving bending in the area of ​​this material.The first disc element 20 and the second disc element 22 (and also the third disc element 24) are in both embodiments shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 each at least partially made of glass and the profile element 30 also consists of short fiber reinforced plastic.

[0206] Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of a composite element according to the invention. In this embodiment, the profile element 30 is also designed as a hollow profile with a box-like base body 36 for a shear-resistant connection of a first disc element 20 to a second disc element 22, forming a space 26 between the discs. The profile element 30 has an outer surface 43 facing away from the space 26 between the discs and an inner surface 44 facing the space 26 between the discs.

[0207] The first and second bonding surfaces 32, 33 on the profile element 30 form recesses 42 for the introduction of the first bonding agent 40 in the form of a two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive, as defined in claim 1. Specifically, the recesses can have a width of 6 mm and a depth of 2 mm. On the third and fourth bonding surfaces 34, 35, a second bonding agent 50 and a third bonding agent 52, which in both cases is formed as polyisobutylene (PIB), are provided.

[0208] In the installed state, as can be seen from Figure 3, a layer thickness of 0.3 mm of the second bonding agent 50 or of the third bonding agent 52 is provided between profile element 30 and first disc element 20 or second disc element 22.

[0209] According to the invention, a barrier film 60 is arranged on the outer surface 43 of the profile element 30, for example laminated, which extends at both ends to the second connecting element 50 and the third connecting element 52 respectively, such that a first film edge 62 of the barrier film 60 is received at or in the second connecting element 50 and a second film edge 64 is received at or in the third connecting element 52.

[0210] Preferably, the barrier film 60 is not in contact with the first pane element 20 or the second pane element 22, but rather a distance ai of at least 0.2 mm is provided between the first film edge 62 and the first pane element 20, and a similar distance a2 of at least 0.2 mm is provided between the second film edge 64 and the second pane element 22. The profile element 30 forms a cavity 37 which is filled with desiccant. Perforations 45 are provided on the inner side 44 of the profile element 30 to allow gas exchange between the space between the panes 26 and the cavity 37.

[0211] As can be seen in Figure 3, the profile element can be arranged with its outer surface 43 flush with the outer edges of the first pane element 20 and the second pane element 22. This reduces the visible width of the profile element. This arrangement offers several advantages, namely, as already mentioned, improved appearance due to the reduced visible width and improved thermal insulation. Furthermore, sealant can also be saved.

[0212] There are also advantageous aspects regarding manufacturing and function:

[0213] First, a closed frame made of profile elements, as conventionally known, is provided along the edges of the pane elements 20, 22. The profile element 30 is filled with desiccant. The second bonding agent 50 and the third bonding agent 52 are applied to the profile element 30 at the third and fourth bonding surfaces 34, 35. The first pane element 20, profile element 30, and second pane element 22 are pressed together. The second and third bonding agents 50, 52 provide early strength until a first bonding agent 40 is introduced and cured. In the present embodiment, the first bonding agent 40 can be injected into the two chambers created by the recesses 42 on the profile element 30, located between the profile element 30 and the first pane element 20, and between the profile element 30 and the second pane element 22, respectively. The insulating glass unit is ready for use after the bonding agents have cured.When using Sika Fast as a two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive, this occurs after just a few minutes.

[0214] Figure 4 illustrates a further modified embodiment of a composite element. In the embodiment according to Figure 4, the profile element 30 is designed as an open profile element with a cavity 37 open to the space between the panes 26. The barrier film 60 is arranged on an inner surface 44 of the profile element such that a first film edge 62 terminates at or in the second connecting element 50, which is arranged on a third connecting surface 34 of the profile element between the profile element 30 and the first pane element 20, and a second film edge 64 of the barrier film 60 terminates at or in the third connecting element 52, which is arranged on a fourth connecting surface 35 between the profile element 30 and the second pane element 22.

[0215] A desiccant, preferably a paste, can be arranged within the cavity 37 on the inner surface 44 of the profile element 30, which is covered by the barrier film 30. The profile element 30 has recesses 42 for forming the first bonding surface 32 and the second bonding surface 33, into which the first bonding agent 40 can be introduced.

[0216] Therefore, the production of the shear-resistant composite element, which is also present in this embodiment, is analogous to the manufacturing steps described with reference to the embodiment shown in Figure 3. An advantage of the embodiment shown in Figure 4 compared to Figure 3 is that the barrier film 60 is better protected during production, transport, and installation. Any damage to the barrier film 60 can significantly impair its moisture and / or gas tightness. Therefore, careful handling and protection of the film are necessary or at least advisable.

[0217] In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the profile element is arranged within the space between the panes 26 such that its recesses 42 face the space between the panes 26.

[0218] In the embodiment according to Figure 5, the profile element 30 is also designed as a box-like base body 36, with perforations 45 being provided on the inside 44 of the profile element 30 to allow gas exchange between the desiccant contained in the profile element 30 and the space between the discs 26.

[0219] The barrier film 60 is provided on the outer surface 43 of the profile element 30, preferably laminated onto it, and extends with a first film edge 62 to or into a second bonding element 50, which is arranged between the third bonding surface 34 of the profile element 30 and the first pane element 20. A second film edge 64 of the barrier film 60 extends to or into a third bonding element 52, which is provided between a fourth bonding surface 35 and the second pane element 22. In this embodiment, as well as in the embodiments according to Figure 3 or Figure 4, the first film edge 62 and the second film edge 64 are each not in direct contact with the associated first pane element 20 or second pane element 22, but are spaced apart from them by a distance ai or a2, respectively, in order to avoid a direct thermal bridge between the barrier film 60 and the first pane element 20 or second pane element 22.

[0220] The first bonding agent 40, which is also a two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive, is introduced between a first bonding surface 32, which is formed in a recess 42 and the first disk element 20 or the second bonding surface 33, which is also formed in a recess 42, and the second disk element 22 to form a shear-resistant connection.

[0221] Regarding the manufacturing process, the embodiment shown in Figure 5 differs in that the first bonding agent 40 is applied to the first pane element 20 or the second pane element 22 and / or the profile element 30 before the insulating glass unit is pressed together. The adhesive joint for the first bonding agent 40, formed by the recesses 42, is therefore oriented towards the space between the panes 26.

[0222] The bonding process can be further improved by appropriately optimizing the manufacturing process. The present invention makes it possible to reduce the amount of stiffening materials required in the production of insulating glass units and to further improve thermal insulation, thus also saving heating and cooling energy in building temperature control.

[0223] Reference symbol list

[0224] 10 Composite element 10' Composite element 20 First disc element 22 Second disc element

[0225] 24 third disc element

[0226] 26 disc space

[0227] 30 profile elements

[0228] 32 first connecting surface

[0229] 33 second connecting surface

[0230] 34 third connecting surface

[0231] 35 fourth connecting surface

[0232] 36 basic shapes

[0233] 37 Cavity

[0234] 38 first jetty

[0235] 39 second jetty

[0236] 40 first binding agent

[0237] 42 In-depth study

[0238] 43 Outside

[0239] 44 Inside

[0240] 45 perforations

[0241] 50 second binding agent

[0242] 52 third binding agent

[0243] 60 barrier film

[0244] 62 first edge of slide

[0245] 64 second foil edge 100 insulating glass pane x joint height y joint width Exemplary embodiments of the first bonding agent In the following, exemplary embodiments of the two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive for the first bonding agent are described, which reveal its production and show its essential properties.

[0246] Monomers used

[0247] Monomer B according to the first embodiment.

[0248] Production of elastomers C: Elastomer C1 was produced as follows:

[0249] 849 g of polyoxypropylene diol (Acclaim® 4200 N, Bayer Materialscience; OH number 28.5 KOH / g) and 101 g of 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (= isophorone diisocyanate or IPDI; Desmodur® I, Bayer Materialscience) were reacted at 60 °C to form an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane polymer with a titrimetrically determined free isocyanate group content of 1.88 wt%. Subsequently, 10 g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were added, which reacted with the free isocyanate groups to form elastomer C1 of formula (I). Elastomer C2 was prepared as follows:

[0250] 824 g of a polyester diol based on 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol (MPD) and sebacic acid (Kuraray Polyol P4050, Kuraray Co., Ltd.; OH number 28 KOH / g) and 73 g of 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (= isophorone diisocyanate or IPDI; Desmodur® I, Bayer MaterialScience) were reacted at 60°C to form an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane polymer with a titrimetrically determined content of 1.16 wt% free isocyanate groups. Subsequently, 102 g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were added, which reacted with the free isocyanate groups to form an elastomer C2 of formula (I).

[0251] Production of the compositions

[0252] A series of compositions of the first preferred embodiment (E1 to E5) and comparison compositions not corresponding to this embodiment were produced (Tables 2 and 3).

[0253] In the same way, compositions of the second preferred embodiment (E6 and E7) and comparison compositions not corresponding to this embodiment were produced (Table 6).

[0254] The components listed in Tables 2, 3 and 6, which were to be tested as component K1, were mixed and stirred together in the specified quantities in a dissolver at a temperature of no more than 80 °C until a macroscopically homogeneous paste was obtained.

[0255] Component K2 consisted of 46.5 wt% dibenzoyl peroxide (20%) in plasticizer, 50 wt% chalk, 3 wt% thixotropic agent, and 0.5 wt% of a pigment, all mixed together in a dissolver. This component K2 was used in all experiments in the same way as the respective component K1 from Tables 2, 3, and 6.

[0256] The manufactured components K1 and K2 were filled into separate chambers of coaxial cartridges and used in a volume ratio of K1 : K2 of 10 : 1. Additionally, a commercially available two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive, SikaFast®-5211 (Sika Switzerland), was tested in the same manner for comparison.

[0257] Description of the test methods

[0258] The tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (Elong.) were determined according to DIN EN 53504 (tensile speed: 200 mm / min) on films with a thickness of 2 mm, which were cured for 7 days under standard climate conditions (23 ± 1 °C, 50 ± 5% relative humidity). Measurements were taken on specimens stored at room temperature (RT) and on specimens of the same composition that, after curing, were stored at -20 °C for 24 hours and measured directly from the cold storage (-20 °C).

[0259] Elongation at break is a direct measure of the elasticity of a measured specimen. Specimens exhibiting an elongation at break of at least 100% in the "RT" measurement and simultaneously showing an elongation at break of at least 20% in the "-20" measurement are considered suitable as a first bonding agent according to the invention. The results of the elongation at break measurements are summarized in Table 4.

[0260] The tensile shear strength ("ZSF") was determined on a Zwick / Roell Z005 tensile testing machine in accordance with ISO 4587 / DIN EN 1465, whereby two identical substrates were bonded together (bonding area: 12.5 x 25 mm; bond thickness: 1.5 mm; measuring speed: 10 mm / min; substrates: PVC test specimen ("PVC") (100 x 25 x 2 mm) from Rocholl, Germany; and aluminum test specimen ("Alu") (100 x 25 x 2 mm) from Rocholl, Germany (AIMgs alloy). The test was carried out at the temperature specified in the tables after appropriate tempering of the bonded substrates; where no temperature is specified, the test was performed at 23°C.

[0261] Before testing the tensile shear strength at the specified temperatures, the bonded substrates were cured for 7 days at 23°C and 50% relative humidity. The fracture pattern of the tested substrates was evaluated according to DIN ISO 10365. The resulting fracture patterns were classified as follows:

[0262] «AF» >50% adhesive failure and <50% cohesive failure «CF» >50% cohesive failure and <50% adhesive failure Adhesives with a higher proportion of cohesive failure have better adhesion properties.

[0263] Table 2: Components K1 according to the invention of the first preferred embodiment (E1 and E2) and comparison components K1 (R1 to R6). All figures are in weight percent, based on the respective component K1. 1 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; 2 Kane Ace™ B382 (Kaneka); 3 Socal® U1S2 (Solvay); 4 N,N-Bis-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-para-Toluidine.

[0264] Table 3: Components K1 according to the invention of the first preferred embodiment (E3 to E5) and comparison components K1 (R7 to R11). All figures are in weight percent, based on the respective component K1. 1 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; 2 Kane Ace™ B382 (Kaneka); 3 Socal® U1S2 (Solvay);4 N,N-Bis-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-para-Toluidine.

[0265] Table 4: Measurements of elongation at break and tensile strength at room temperature (RT, 23°C) and at -20°C (-20). «n / m» means that the sample was so brittle that no measurement was possible.

[0266] The (meth)acrylate adhesive SikaFast®-5211 of the prior art (in particular WO 2014 / 184256 A1) was tested in an identical manner and achieved the following results in comparison with example E1:

[0267] Table 5: Measurements of mechanical properties at different temperatures (E1 and SikaFast®-5211).

[0268] The results in Tables 4 and 5 show that the two-component (meth)acrylate adhesives of the first preferred embodiment, under the conditions defined according to the claim with respect to monomers A and B, exhibit sufficient elasticity at room temperature and simultaneously sufficient low-temperature elasticity to be ideally suited as a first bonding agent according to the invention. Furthermore, the two-component (meth)acrylate adhesives according to the invention also exhibit significantly more consistent mechanical and elastic properties at low and high temperatures than the prior art (meth)acrylate adhesive SikaFast®-5211.

[0269] Table 6: Components K1 according to the invention of the second preferred embodiment (E6 and E7) and comparison components K1 (R12 and R13). All figures are in weight percent, based on the respective component K1. 2 Kane Ace™ B382 (Kaneka); 3 Socal® U1S2 (Solvay); 1N,N-Bis-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-para-Toluidine. of the fracture pattern, as well as the elongation at break at room temperature (RT, 23°C) and at -20°C (-20°C). The test results in Table 7 show that the compositions of the second preferred embodiment, which contain a combination of the elastomers C1 and C2, exhibit excellent tensile shear strength and a cohesive fracture pattern at room temperature and, moreover, particularly good cold elasticity, which even surpasses the results of the first preferred embodiment.

[0270] Overall, the measurement results show that in particular the first preferred embodiment of the two-component adhesive is able to provide a first bonding agent with particularly constant mechanical properties over a wide temperature range, while the second preferred embodiment offers particularly good cold elasticity, in addition to the other advantages shown.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Composite element (10), in particular a composite element (10) for an insulating glass unit, comprising at least a first pane element (20), at least a second pane element (22) and a space between the panes (26) formed between the first pane element (20) and the second pane element (22), and at least one profile element (30), wherein the profile element (30) has an outer surface (43) facing away from the space between the panes (26) and an inner surface (44) facing the space between the panes (26), and wherein the profile element (30) has at least a first connecting surface (32) and at least a second connecting surface (33), wherein a first connecting means (40) is provided on the first and on the second connecting surface (32, 33), wherein the profile element (30) further comprises a third connecting surface (34) adjacent to the first connecting surface (32), on which a second connecting means (50) is provided.and adjacent to the second connecting surface (33) has a fourth connecting surface (35) on which a third connecting element (52) is provided, and wherein the first disc element (20) and the second disc element (22) are connected in a shear-resistant manner by means of the profile element (30) and the first connecting element (40) and the second connecting element (50) and the third connecting element (52), wherein the first connecting element (40) is a two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive, characterized in that a barrier film (60) is provided which is attached to the profile element (30) and extends between the second connecting element (50) and the third connecting element (52) such that a first film edge (62) of the barrier film (60) is received on or in the second connecting element (50) and a second film edge (64) of the barrier film (60) is received on or in the third connecting element (52), and thus the, Barrier film (60) is designed and arranged to seal the space between the panes (26) against gas loss.

2. Composite element (10) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive comprises: a component K1, comprising a) at least one monomer A according to formula (Illa), where R 1 either represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a methyl group; R 2 either represents a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group with 2 to 6 carbon atoms or represents a residue with 4 to 8 carbon atoms comprising either a phenyl group or an aliphatic 5- or 6-membered ring with at least one ether oxygen in the ring structure; b) at least one monomer B according to formula (1 ... where R 3 either represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a methyl group; R 4for a linear alkyl group with more than 12 carbon atoms in the chain and preferably at most 20 carbon atoms in the chain; c) preferably between 10 wt.% and 20 wt.%, based on component K1, of at least one elastomer C of formula (I), where R stands for either a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; X represents a polymeric polyol after removal of two OH groups; and Y represents 0 or NR”, wherein R” represents a hydrocarbon residue or a hydrogen atom, preferably a hydrogen atom; and d) preferably at least one additive selected from the group consisting of core-shell polymer, radical curing activator, radical curing inhibitor, filler and adhesion promoter; wherein component K1 contains between 25 wt.% and 75 wt.%, preferably between 40 wt.% and 60 wt.%, based on component K1, of the mixture of monomer A and monomer B, and wherein the mass ratio of monomer A to monomer B in component K1 is between 1:1 and 9:1, preferably between 6:4 and 8:2; and a component K2 comprising at least one radical curing initiator.

3. Composite element (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the two-component (meth)acrylate adhesive comprises: a component K1, comprising a) at least one monomer M according to formula (Illa), where R 1 either represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a methyl group; R 2 a monovalent hydrocarbon residue with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more C-C multiple bonds and / or cycloaliphatic residues and / or aromatic residues and / or heteroatoms, in particular oxygen; b) at least one elastomer C1 of formula (I), where R stands for either a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; X represents a polymeric diol after removal of two OH groups, wherein the polymeric diol is not a polyester diol; and Y represents 0 or NR”, wherein R represents a hydrocarbon residue or a hydrogen atom, preferably a hydrogen atom; c) at least one elastomer C2 of formula (I), wherein R represents either a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; X represents a polymeric diol after removal of two OH groups, wherein the polymeric diol is a polyester diol; and Y represents 0 or NR”, where R represents a hydrocarbon residue or a hydrogen atom, preferably a hydrogen atom; and d) preferably at least one additive selected from the group consisting of core-shell polymer, radical curing activator, radical curing inhibitor, filler and adhesion promoter; wherein component K1 contains between 10 wt.% and 60 wt.%, preferably between 20 wt.% and 50 wt.%, based on component K1, of the mixture of elastomer C1 and elastomer C2, and wherein the mass ratio of elastomer C1 to elastomer C2 in component K1 is between 10:1 and 1:2, preferably between 2:1 and 1:1; and a component K2 comprising at least one radical curing initiator.

4. Composite element (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that R 2either a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group with 2 to 6 carbon atoms or a residue with 4 to 12 carbon atoms, comprising a cycloaliphatic part, in particular a five- and six-membered ring with preferably at least one heteroatom, in particular oxygen, or a bicyclic part, in particular an isobornyl residue, or an aromatic part, in particular a phenyl or benzyl residue.

5. Composite element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second bonding agent (50) and / or the third bonding agent (52) is at least partially polyisobutylene (PIB) and / or comprises.

6. Composite element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first film edge (62) of the barrier film (60) is arranged in the second bonding agent (50) such that between the first a distance ai remains between the foil edge (62) of the barrier foil and the first disc element (20) and / or that the second foil edge (64) of the barrier foil (60) is arranged on or in the third bonding agent (52) such that a distance a2 remains between the second foil edge (64) and the second disc element (22).

7. Composite element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the profile element (30) comprises a short fiber reinforced plastic 40 to 80 wt.% of a thermoplastic polymer and consisting of 20 to 60 wt.% short glass fibers, wherein the wt.% are based on the total weight of the short fiber reinforced plastic and together make up 100 wt.%, and wherein the thermoplastic plastic, based on its total weight, comprises at least 50 wt.% of a polybutylene terephthalate.

8. Composite element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the profile element (30) comprises a short fiber reinforced plastic 40 to 55 wt% of a thermoplastic polymer and consisting of 45 to 60 wt.% short glass fibers, wherein the wt.% are based on the total weight of the short fiber reinforced plastic and together make up 100 wt.%, and wherein the thermoplastic plastic, based on its total weight, comprises at least 50 wt.% of a polybutylene terephthalate.

9. Composite element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the profile element (30) has a joint with the The space between the discs (26) has a cavity (37) that is open to gas exchange.

10. Composite element (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that a desiccant is arranged in the cavity (37) or the cavity (37) is filled with a desiccant.

11. Composite element (10) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the barrier film (60) is arranged on the outer side (43) of the profile element (30) facing away from the cavity (37).

12. Composite element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and / or the second connecting surface (32, 33) is at least partially formed as a recess, in particular as a recess (42) which is such that it is recessed compared to the third and / or fourth connecting surface (34, 35), in particular with respect to the bearing surface on the first or second disk element (20, 22).

13. Composite element (10) according to claim 12, wherein the first connecting surface (32) and the third connecting surface (34) form a first side surface of the profile element (30) and the second connecting surface (33) and the fourth connecting surface (35) form a second side surface of the profile element (30), wherein the proportion of the recess (42) on the first side surface and / or on the second side surface is at least 40%, preferably at least 45%, more preferably at least 50%, in particular at least 55%.

14. Composite element (10) according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the recess (42) has a width of at least 6 mm, preferably at least 7 mm, and a depth of at least 1.5 mm, preferably at least 2 mm, in order to provide a To ensure the extension of the first connecting element (40) between the first connecting surface (32) and the first disk element (20) and / or the second connecting surface (33) and the second disk element (22) in a width of at least 6 mm, preferably at least 7 mm, and in a thickness of at least 1.5 mm, preferably at least 2 mm.

15. Composite element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the profile element (30) is positioned between the first disc element (20) and the second disc element (22) such that its outer surface (43) is flush with the first disc element (20) and the second disc element (22).

16. Composite element according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the profile element (30) is positioned between the first disc element (20) and the second disc element (22) such that the recesses (42) for receiving the first connecting means (40) are facing away from the disc space (26).

17. Composite element according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the profile element (30) is positioned between the first disc element (20) and the second disc element (22) such that the recesses (42) for receiving the first connecting means (40) face the space between the discs (26).

18. Composite element according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the profile element (30) has a first cavity and a second cavity.

19. Composite element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profile element (30) has a box-like base body (36) with respect to the cross-section.

20. Insulating glass pane with at least one composite element according to one of claims 1 to 19.

21. Window with at least one composite element according to one of claims 1 to 19.

22. Door with at least one composite element according to one of claims 1 to 19.

23. Method for producing a composite element (10), in particular a composite element (10) for an insulating glass unit, wherein at least one first pane element (20) and at least one second pane element (22) and at least one first profile element (30) are joined together by bonding, wherein the profile element (30) has at least one first bonding surface (32) and / or at least one second bonding surface (33), wherein the first and / or the second bonding surface (32, 33) is provided and configured for the application and / or receiving of a first bonding agent (40),wherein a third connecting surface (34) for applying and / or receiving a second connecting element (50) is provided adjacent to the first connecting surface (32) and / or a fourth connecting surface (35) for applying and / or receiving a third connecting element (52) is provided adjacent to the second connecting surface (33) and wherein the first disc element (20) and the second disc element (22) are connected by means of the profile element (30) and the first connecting element (40) and optionally the second connecting element (50) and third connecting element (52), wherein the composite element (10) has the features according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

24. Method for manufacturing an insulating glass pane (100) wherein at least one composite element according to one of claims 1 to 19 or a composite element (10) obtained by the method according to claim 23 is used.

Images