Downhole chain information transmission internet of things system and downhole chain information transmission method

Abstract

The present application provides a downhole chain information transmission Internet of Things system and a downhole chain information transmission method. The system comprises: a ground intelligent processing system, a sub and microrobots; communication connection is established between the microrobots, between the microrobots and the sub, between the microrobots and a downhole tool, between the sub and the downhole tool, and between the ground intelligent processing system and the microrobots; when the microrobots are in a specified downhole area, the microrobots receive downhole chain information, and when the microrobots reach a wellhead, the microrobots send the downhole chain information to the ground intelligent processing system, the downhole chain information comprising: first downhole chain information collected by various microsensors of the microrobots and / or second downhole chain information collected by the downhole tool sent by the sub; and the microrobots can move cyclically with a wellbore fluid as independent carriers.

Description

Underground Chain-based Information Transmission IoT System and Underground Chain-based Information Transmission Method

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411678932.1, filed on November 21, 2024, and incorporates the disclosure of the aforementioned patent application as part of this application. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the fields of oil and gas drilling and completion and natural gas hydrate drilling and production technology, and in particular to a downhole chain information transmission Internet of Things system and a downhole chain information transmission method. Background Technology

[0004] During the drilling of deep and ultra-deep wells, complex geological conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, and high ground stress, as well as the narrow safe density window of drilling fluid, bring a series of challenges to drilling and completion operations. Timely collection of downhole parameters can provide timely, accurate, and quantitative scientific basis and support for judging downhole conditions.

[0005] Currently, various downhole tools, such as Measurement While Drilling (MWD) and Pressure While Drilling (PWD), are the main methods for obtaining downhole parameters such as temperature and pressure. During drilling, downhole tools are installed near the drill bit to measure near-bottom hole parameters, and high-precision measurement methods such as single-point, dual-point, and multi-point measurements have been developed.

[0006] However, these measurement methods still rely on fixed-point measurements using the same downhole tool, resulting in small-scale parameter measurements from the perspective of the entire drilling string. This fails to meet the increasingly demanding drilling environment's need for dynamic monitoring of key parameters across the entire wellbore depth, from wellhead to bottom. Furthermore, current downhole tools such as measurement while drilling (MWD) and logging while drilling (LWD) also face data transmission challenges. Data transmission based on mud pulses is inefficient and cannot meet the field's need for large amounts of real-time data, while stored data recording methods can only be obtained during tripping out of the well, resulting in insufficient data timeliness. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address at least one problem in the prior art, this application proposes a downhole chain information transmission Internet of Things system and a downhole chain information transmission method, which can improve the timeliness of downhole chain information transmission based on the realization of dynamic monitoring of downhole chain information at the full depth from wellhead to bottom.

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0009] In a first aspect, this application provides an underground chain-type information transmission Internet of Things system, comprising:

[0010] Ground-based intelligent processing systems, short sections, and micro-robots;

[0011] The microrobots communicate with each other, with each microrobot and the sub-section, with each microrobot and the downhole tool, and with each sub-section and the downhole tool; the surface intelligent processing system communicates with the microrobots.

[0012] When the microrobot is in a designated area downhole, it receives downhole chain information. When the microrobot reaches the wellhead, it sends the downhole chain information to the surface intelligent processing system. The microrobot moves as an independent carrier with the wellbore fluid circulation.

[0013] In one embodiment, the microrobot includes:

[0014] A housing and a core system disposed within the housing, the core system comprising: a main control chip, a parameter measurement module, and a data storage module;

[0015] The parameter measurement module includes: the various miniature sensors; the main control chip is communicatively connected to the ground intelligent processing system, the sub-section, the downhole tool, the data storage module, and the various miniature sensors.

[0016] When the microrobot is in a designated area downhole, the main control chip receives downhole chain information and stores it in the data storage module. When the microrobot reaches the wellhead, the main control chip obtains the downhole chain information from the data storage module and sends it to the surface intelligent processing system.

[0017] Secondly, this application provides an underground chain-type information transmission method, implemented using the aforementioned underground chain-type information transmission Internet of Things system, the method comprising:

[0018] A micro-robot enters the wellbore annulus to collect the first downhole chain information;

[0019] The microrobot circulates the drilling fluid in the wellbore annulus to the wellhead, ending the collection of the first downhole chain information and transmitting the first downhole chain information to the surface intelligent processing system.

[0020] In one embodiment, the microrobot enters the wellbore annulus, comprising:

[0021] The sub receives second downhole chain information collected by downhole tools, and sends the second downhole chain information to the microrobot inside the sub and releases the microrobot into the wellbore annulus.

[0022] Correspondingly, the microrobot circulates the drilling fluid within the wellbore annulus to the wellhead, terminating the collection of the first downhole chain information, and transmits the first downhole chain information to the surface intelligent processing system, including:

[0023] The microrobot circulates the drilling fluid in the wellbore annulus to the wellhead, ending the collection of the first downhole chain information, and transmits the first and second downhole chain information to the surface intelligent processing system.

[0024] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this application provides a downhole chain information transmission IoT system and a downhole chain information transmission method. The downhole chain information transmission IoT system includes: a surface intelligent processing system, a sub-section, and a micro-robot; communication connections exist between the micro-robots, between the micro-robot and the sub-section, between the micro-robot and the downhole tool, and between the sub-section and the downhole tool; the surface intelligent processing system communicates with the micro-robots; when the micro-robot is in a designated area downhole, it receives downhole chain information; when the micro-robot reaches the wellhead, it sends the downhole chain information to the surface intelligent processing system. The downhole chain information includes: first downhole chain information collected by various micro-sensors of the micro-robot and / or downhole tool information sent by the sub-section. The system collects second downhole chain information. The microrobot, acting as an independent carrier, moves with the wellbore fluid circulation, enabling dynamic monitoring of downhole chain information across the entire depth from wellhead to bottom, and improving the timeliness of downhole chain information transmission. Specifically, the microrobot can collect downhole chain information throughout the entire process from the drill pipe passage and the wellbore annulus to the wellhead, achieving dynamic monitoring of downhole chain information across the entire depth from wellhead to bottom. The sub can acquire downhole chain information collected by downhole tools and send it to the microrobot within the sub. The microrobot then transmits the downhole chain information to the wellhead, improving the efficiency and timeliness of downhole chain information transmission collected by downhole tools. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the downhole chain information transmission Internet of Things system and downhole tools in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between a micro-robot and a short section in an example of an underground chain-type information transmission Internet of Things system according to this application.

[0028] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the entire wellbore of an example of a downhole chain-type information transmission Internet of Things system according to this application;

[0029] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microrobot in the embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the power supply module and the wireless power supply module in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 6 is a side view of a first micro circuit board according to an example of this application;

[0032] Figure 7 is a side view of a second micro circuit board according to an example of this application;

[0033] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the short section in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the first process of the downhole chain information transmission method in the embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 10 is a second flowchart of the downhole chain information transmission method in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the micro-robot wellhead deployment and retrieval method in the downhole chain information transmission Internet of Things system in the embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the third process of the downhole chain information transmission method in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0039] During deep and ultra-deep well drilling operations, complex geological conditions such as narrow drilling fluid safety density windows, high temperatures, high pressures, and high ground stress present a series of challenges to drilling and completion operations. Timely acquisition of downhole parameters (i.e., downhole while-drilling parameters) can provide timely, accurate, and quantitative scientific evidence and support for assessing downhole conditions. Existing downhole while-drilling parameter measurement technologies are costly and can only measure downhole parameters at the instrument installation location, failing to dynamically monitor the temperature and pressure profile of the entire wellbore. Furthermore, data transmission based on mud pulses or storage media has low efficiency and poor timeliness, making it difficult to meet field requirements.

[0040] Based on this, to address the limitations of existing downhole tool signal transmission rates and single-point parameter measurement in downhole applications, this application proposes a downhole chain-based information transmission IoT system and method. The micro-robot can adapt to complex downhole environments, and the short section integrates measurement, storage, and transmission functions. This enables large-scale, high-speed downhole signal transmission, breaking the limitations of downhole chain-based information measurement range and signal transmission. Simultaneously, it provides a new signal transmission network for traditional downhole tools, improving the efficiency of downhole chain-based information transmission and providing a foundational network architecture for intelligent drilling. The aim is to provide new methods and ideas for safe and efficient drilling and completion operations and oil and gas production, supporting the rapid development of wellbore digitization and oilfield signaling.

[0041] This application addresses the limitations of existing downhole tools, which can only measure parameters at the tool's installation location, as well as the low efficiency and poor timeliness of downhole tool data transmission. Specifically, this application comprehensively utilizes Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, signal transmission technology, and drilling and completion processes and theories to construct a downhole chain-type signal transmission Internet of Things (IoT) system, addressing the requirements for large-scale parameter measurement and timely signal transmission. Based on this downhole chain-type information transmission IoT system, dynamic measurement and highly timely data transmission of chain-type information throughout the well can be achieved. Simultaneously, it provides a two-way data transmission channel for traditional downhole tools, enabling parameter feedback and surface control for all tools within the IoT. Therefore, it is of great significance for safe drilling, improved quality and efficiency, and reduced production costs in oil and gas wells.

[0042] In this embodiment, multiple microrobots can be deployed from the wellhead or sub-sections and form a coordinated formation in the wellbore annulus, constituting a distributed signal transmission base station. Through signal communication between multiple microrobots, between each microrobot and the downhole intelligent short-circuit, and between each microrobot and other drilling tools, a downhole chain network is established. Based on all the data carried in the network, combined with artificial intelligence technology, downhole condition assessments are performed, and all tools participating in the network are controlled to quickly and accurately complete operations, forming a highly efficient integrated "measurement-transmission-control" downhole IoT system.

[0043] The following examples illustrate this in detail.

[0044] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the downhole chain information transmission IoT system and downhole tools in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, in order to improve the timeliness of downhole chain information transmission based on the dynamic monitoring of downhole chain information at the full depth from the wellhead to the bottom of the well, this embodiment of the application provides a downhole chain information transmission IoT system, including: a ground intelligent processing system 3, a sub-section 1, and a micro-robot 0; communication connections exist between micro-robots 0, between micro-robots 0 and sub-section 1, between micro-robots 0 and downhole tools 2, and between sub-section 1 and downhole tools 2; the ground intelligent processing system 3 communicates with micro-robots 0; when a micro-robot is in a designated area downhole, the micro-robot receives downhole chain information; when the micro-robot reaches the wellhead, it sends the downhole chain information to the ground intelligent processing system. The downhole chain information includes: first downhole chain information collected by multiple micro-sensors of each micro-robot and / or second downhole chain information collected by the downhole tools sent by the sub-section. The micro-robots move as independent carriers with the well fluid circulation.

[0045] Specifically, the surface intelligent processing system includes, but is not limited to, servers. The designated area can be the entire area from wellhead deployment to downhole release, the area inside the microrobot payload compartment and the wellbore annulus, or simply the wellbore annulus. Downhole chain information can include at least one of the following: first downhole chain information collected by various micro-sensors of the microrobot, second downhole chain information collected by downhole tools transmitted via subs, third downhole chain information collected by downhole tools, and other downhole chain information received by the microrobot. Downhole chain information can be equivalent to downhole parameters, including temperature and pressure. The third downhole chain information collected by downhole tools can represent downhole chain information directly acquired by the microrobot from downhole tools. A downhole chain network can be established through information exchange between microrobots, between microrobots and subs, between microrobots and other downhole tools while drilling, and between subs and other downhole tools while drilling. The IoT system construction methods include: small closed-loop control system construction and large closed-loop control system construction. The small closed-loop control system consists of a sub, a micro-robot between the drill bit and the sub, and downhole tools while drilling. It adaptively adjusts the working parameters of the downhole instruments and monitors and handles sudden and complex conditions during drilling in real time, focusing on intelligent accident handling and closed-loop measurement control of downhole tools. The large closed-loop control system consists of a surface intelligent processing system, a sub, a micro-robot circulating throughout the wellbore, and downhole tools while drilling. It uses a networked wellbore system to acquire downhole information and control downhole tools, focusing on chain-like information measurement and transmission. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the micro-robot and the sub in an example of a chain-like information transmission IoT system for downhole drilling. The arrows in Figure 2 indicate the direction of data transmission and reflect the local structure of the chain-like information transmission IoT system at the bottom of the well. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the entire wellbore of an example of a downhole chain-type information transmission Internet of Things system according to this application. In Figure 3, the drill pipe 410, drill collar 411, short section 1, downhole tool 5 and drill bit 42 are connected in sequence, and the internal channels of the drill pipe 410, drill collar 411, short section 1, downhole tool 5 and drill bit 42 are connected in sequence.

[0046] Specifically, the ground intelligent processing system of the underground chain information transmission IoT system is the ground terminal of the underground chain information transmission IoT system. It can form an IoT network with micro-robots and conduct real-time information transmission and interaction with them. The ground intelligent processing system is connected to a big data cloud system, enabling artificial intelligence data processing and analysis based on cloud data platforms and cloud computing, providing users with graphical and easily customizable information in a graphical format. It can issue commands to the micro-robots, control their functions to start and stop, write data and programs to them, read underground chain information measured by downhole tools or measured by the micro-robots themselves stored internally, and wirelessly charge the micro-robots.

[0047] The sub is the downhole terminal of the downhole chain-based information transmission IoT system. It can form an IoT network with microrobots and interact with them in real time. The sub can interact with downhole tools while drilling, and with the microrobots between the drill bit and the sub. It can also receive early warning signals from the microrobots when encountering sudden and complex accidents. After intelligent judgment at the sub, it can react in time, send control signals to coordinate with the downhole tools while drilling to respond. It can also serve as the wellbore IoT entry point for downhole tools while drilling, releasing the microrobots stored in the intelligent sub as data carriers into the annulus and circulating them to the wellhead. Alternatively, it can upload the data required by downhole tools while drilling to the wellhead or transmit control signals to the bottom of the well through the chain-based data transmission channel formed by the microrobots in the annulus. It can intelligently judge the distribution of microrobots in the wellbore and release robots in time to ensure the continuity of the chain channel.

[0048] Microrobots form the basic unit of a data transmission chain channel, achieving converged networking through low-power transmission protocols, such as a converged network based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Long Range Radio (LoRa). Microrobots in different locations wirelessly connect layer by layer with smart subs and surface intelligent processing systems to achieve bidirectional data exchange between downhole and surface. Microrobots can also directly serve as carriers of downhole chain information measured by downhole tools while drilling, which is released through smart subs and circulated back to the wellhead.

[0049] The downhole chain-based information transmission IoT system can provide signal transmission channels for downhole tools while drilling. Downhole tools while drilling include, but are not limited to, downhole tools with data transmission and downhole control requirements such as MWD and LWD. They can access the downhole chain-based information transmission IoT system through a sub-section, transmit data to the surface intelligent processing system through the downhole chain-based information transmission IoT system, and receive downhole tool control commands transmitted from the surface through the downhole chain-based information transmission IoT system, as well as control commands issued by the sub-section after intelligent judgment of sudden complex working conditions.

[0050] The main working modes and functions of the downhole chain information transmission IoT system provided in this embodiment include: (1) establishing a real-time high-speed information transmission channel from the wellbore to the surface, which can transmit data measured by tools such as downhole tools and micro-robots in a timely manner, and can transmit signals from the surface to control downhole tools; (2) the micro-robot included in the downhole IoT system can also measure downhole chain information at the same time during the signal transmission relay process; (3) when the micro-robot measures a sudden complex working condition, it transmits the warning signal and corresponding parameters to the short section through the downhole chain information transmission IoT system, and controls the downhole tools to respond in a timely manner through the short section's rapid intelligent decision-making; (4) when the micro-robot measures a sudden complex working condition, it transmits the warning signal and corresponding parameters to the surface intelligent processing system through the downhole chain information transmission IoT system, and notifies the staff to make a decision in a timely manner through the surface intelligent processing system, or provides decision suggestions through the cloud system's large model calculation, and controls the downhole tools to respond by transmitting control signals through the downhole chain information transmission IoT system.

[0051] As described above, the downhole chain-type information transmission IoT system provided in this embodiment can dynamically monitor various parameter profiles, including but not limited to temperature and pressure throughout the wellbore. It can establish a chain-type wireless data transmission channel via a micro-robot or directly transport data, providing a high-speed transmission channel for data interaction between downhole tools and the surface. On-site, corresponding devices and IoT systems can be built according to requirements to acquire dynamic parameter changes throughout the wellbore, efficiently acquire downhole chain information measured by downhole tools, and control the downhole tools. The downhole chain-type information transmission IoT system can, to some extent, solve the limitations of existing downhole tools that can only measure parameters at the tool's installation location, as well as the problems of low data transmission efficiency and poor timeliness, providing new methods and ideas for safe and efficient drilling and completion operations in the future. Specifically, the downhole chain-type information transmission IoT system provided in this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0052] 1. The new downhole chain information transmission Internet of Things system can dynamically monitor various downhole chain information profiles, such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate, filling the technical gap in the measurement of the entire downhole chain information profile.

[0053] 2. The new downhole chain-type information transmission Internet of Things system establishes an downhole chain-type data transmission Internet of Things by combining two intelligent terminals, the short sub and the surface intelligent processing system, with micro robots distributed in the wellbore. It can form a variety of data transmission forms, providing a new solution to the problems of low data transmission efficiency and poor timeliness of traditional mud pulse or storage media.

[0054] 3. The new downhole chain information transmission Internet of Things system can use short sections as interfaces to provide a high-speed data transmission channel connecting traditional downhole tools to the surface. The downhole chain information is transmitted to the surface intelligent processing system through a chain channel composed of micro robots, or control commands are transmitted from the surface intelligent processing system to the downhole tools.

[0055] 4. The new type of downhole chain-type information transmission Internet of Things system can use the short section as the intelligent decision-making center, and promptly identify sudden and complex situations downhole through micro robots and make intelligent decisions, control downhole tools to make timely response measures, and realize local small closed-loop measurement and control downhole.

[0056] 5. The new downhole chain-type information transmission Internet of Things system can deploy micro-robots from the wellhead and release micro-robots pre-stored in the short section through radio frequency commands or intelligent judgment, which greatly improves the flexibility of the wellbore chain network.

[0057] 6. The micro-robots pre-stored in the short sections of the new downhole chain information transmission IoT system can serve as storage carriers for downhole chain information measured by downhole tools while drilling. After the micro-robots are released, they can carry a large amount of downhole chain information to the wellhead while serving as basic chain units of the IoT, which greatly improves the timeliness of data transmission from downhole tools while drilling.

[0058] 7. The ground intelligent processing system of the new downhole chain information transmission Internet of Things system can be connected to the cloud data platform and use cloud computing and artificial intelligence to analyze and predict downhole chain information. It is then presented to the operators in a graphical and easily secondary development format, providing intelligent and efficient means for safe and efficient drilling and completion operations.

[0059] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microrobot in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 4, in order to improve the timeliness of downhole chain information transmission while realizing dynamic monitoring of downhole chain information at the full depth from wellhead to bottom, each microrobot in one embodiment includes:

[0060] The housing 01 contains a core system, which includes a main control chip 02, a parameter measurement module 03, and a data storage module 04. The parameter measurement module 03 includes various micro sensors 031. The main control chip is communicatively connected to the surface intelligent processing system, the sub-section, downhole tools, the data storage module, and the various micro sensors. When the micro-robot 0 is in a designated area downhole, the main control chip 02 receives downhole chain information and stores it in the data storage module 04. When the micro-robot reaches the wellhead, the main control chip 02 obtains downhole chain information from the data storage module 04 and sends it to the surface intelligent processing system.

[0061] Specifically, the main control chip can integrate a first signal transmission module; the main control chips of multiple microrobots can also communicate with each other, and the microprocessor of the sub-section can communicate with at least one and / or each microrobot's main control chip and the downhole tool. The data storage module 04 can be integrated on the main control chip or be an external storage medium; when the data storage module 04 is an external storage medium, the main control chip 02 is connected to the external storage medium. Microrobots can be intermittently deployed or released by the sub-sections. Real-time information transmission networks can be established between microrobots and between microrobots and sub-sections, constructing an downhole Internet of Things (IoT) system and providing a channel for the chained uploading of downhole information.

[0062] Specifically, the microrobot provided in this embodiment is capable of withstanding high temperatures and high pressures, has a sufficiently small size to pass smoothly through the drill bit's water hole, and can follow the wellbore fluid circulation to complete multi-parameter measurements including but not limited to temperature, pressure, magnetic field, and device acceleration. It can establish a wellbore IoT signal transmission link through a first signal transmission module and can act as a data carrier to promptly transport downhole chain information measured by downhole tools to the wellhead. The first signal transmission module refers to the signal transmission module in the microrobot, and the first data transmission interface refers to the data transmission interface in the microrobot.

[0063] The main control chip is the overall control component of the core system. It can be responsible for the overall coordination and control of various modules. It can be a microcontroller such as STM32. It has the characteristics of low power consumption and can carry out corresponding functional control through different control instructions received by the first signal transmission module. Its main functions include: (1) controlling the power supply module to provide intelligent power supply for different modules, increasing the overall standby time of the micro robot, and ensuring that the power can maintain the micro robot's full operation; (2) controlling the parameter measurement module to realize the start and stop of the parameter measurement function; (3) controlling the data storage module to realize the storage, reading, initialization and other operations of underground chain information; (4) controlling the first signal transmission module to process and identify various received signals to realize signal relay and wireless networking; (5) identifying the data of the parameter measurement module to judge sudden complex working conditions, regulating the output of early warning signals of the first signal transmission module, and realizing timely control of complex situations through the underground chain information transmission Internet of Things system.

[0064] The parameter measurement module can include various miniature sensors, such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, magnetometers, conductivity sensors, and accelerometers. It can measure parameters such as downhole temperature, pressure, magnetic field strength, and drilling fluid conductivity using these miniaturized, low-power sensors. It can also measure the dynamic data of the miniature sensors themselves. Specifically, the temperature sensor measures downhole temperature, the pressure sensor measures downhole pressure, the magnetometer measures magnetic field strength, the conductivity sensor measures drilling fluid conductivity, and the accelerometer measures the acceleration parameters of the miniature robot itself.

[0065] The data storage module is responsible for all data storage and retrieval, featuring low power consumption and high stability. This module can be either the microprocessor's built-in memory or an external storage medium; both can coexist and work collaboratively. Using only the microprocessor's built-in memory effectively reduces the size of the micro-robot. For example, the main control chip can be a low-power STM32L4 series microprocessor with embedded large-capacity Flash memory, further reducing system power consumption and extending the micro-robot's operating time. Using both the microprocessor's built-in memory and an external storage medium simultaneously increases the micro-robot's storage capacity, facilitating large-capacity data transfer and storage. The external storage medium can be a miniaturized storage device.

[0066] The first signal transmission module mainly includes an instruction activation interface and a fast data transmission interface. The instruction activation interface is in a standby state and is used to receive control instructions. The fast data transmission interface enables rapid data reception and output, supporting rapid writing of downhole chain information measured by downhole tools, rapid output of stored data, and signal relay in the Internet of Things. The first signal transmission module can also carry RFID tags to transmit radio frequency control signals to the sub-section. Both the instruction activation interface and the fast data transmission interface can be modular program interfaces controlled by the main control chip, integrated on the main control chip, and activated under the chip's control to issue instructions and transmit data.

[0067] The outer shell, or casing, can be integrally cast from a polymer protective material, providing a barrier and protection for the core system in the high-temperature, high-pressure, and highly corrosive downhole environment. A mold can be used to cast and solidify the core system before demolding, achieving a smaller microrobot volume. Alternatively, a high-strength, impact-resistant, and corrosion-resistant outer shell can be used as the mold, with a soft material used to fill the gaps between the inner and outer parts, forming an organic whole and improving the overall strength of the microrobot. By adjusting the fiber content or the porosity of the polymer casting material within the mold shell, the density of the microrobot can be adjusted within a certain range. By adjusting the density of the microrobot to be comparable to that of the drilling fluid, it can overcome gravity and rise from the annulus to the surface under the carrying flow of the drilling fluid.

[0068] The working methods of the microrobot include wellhead insertion and downhole release.

[0069] When the microrobot is deployed from the wellhead, its workflow is as follows: (1) Wireless charging is performed on the ground to ensure normal operation; (2) The microrobot is deployed into the drilling fluid circulation inside the drill pipe; (3) The microrobot can start parameter measurement and IoT networking functions individually or simultaneously according to pre-set timed instructions, work instructions sent by other microrobots at short sections or any depth position; (4) The microrobot can stop parameter measurement and IoT networking functions individually or simultaneously according to pre-set timed instructions, work instructions sent by other microrobots at short sections or any depth position; (5) Data output instructions are sent at the drilling fluid outlet in the wellhead annulus or after the microrobot is retrieved. After receiving the downhole chain information, the ground intelligent processing system processes, displays, and analyzes the data to support staff in making decisions; (6) The microrobot is tested, and if it meets the conditions for continued operation, an initialization instruction is sent to it to prepare for re-entry into the well for measurement.

[0070] When using a downhole microrobot, the workflow is as follows: (1) The microrobot is loaded into the microrobot payload compartment of the sub and follows the sub downhole; (2) The microrobot can start parameter measurement and IoT networking functions individually or simultaneously according to the pre-set timed instructions, the work instructions sent by the sub or other microrobots at any depth; (3) The microrobot can stop parameter measurement and IoT networking functions individually or simultaneously according to the pre-set timed instructions, the work instructions sent by the sub or other microrobots at any depth; (4) When it is necessary to use the microrobot to carry downhole chain information measured by downhole tools to the surface, the sub sends a data writing instruction to the microrobot to write the measurement parameters of the downhole tools into the microrobot and release it; (5) At the wellhead annular drilling fluid outlet or after the microrobot is recovered, a data output instruction is sent. After receiving the downhole chain information, the surface intelligent processing system performs data processing, display and analysis to support staff in making decisions; (6) The microrobot is tested and if it meets the conditions for continuing to work, an initialization instruction is sent to it to prepare for re-entry into the well for measurement.

[0071] To enable timely adjustments to the operating parameters of downhole tools in the event of stuck drill bits or sticking, in one embodiment, the main control chip is equipped with a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. RFID can read data and identify commands through external materials.

[0072] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the power supply module 06 and the wireless power supply module 07 in this embodiment. In one embodiment of this application, the kernel system further includes:

[0073] The power supply module 06 and the wireless power supply module 07 are installed inside the housing; as shown in Figure 5, the power supply module 06 includes a rechargeable micro battery 061 and a voltage regulator chip 062 connected to the rechargeable micro battery 061. The wireless power supply module 07 includes an energy receiving coil 071, a rectifier circuit 072 and a power filter circuit 073 connected in sequence; the voltage regulator chip 062 is connected to the power filter circuit 073; the rechargeable micro battery 061 is connected to the main control chip, the data storage module and various micro sensors respectively.

[0074] Specifically, a microrobot, or downhole intelligent microrobot, can include: a core system built using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology and an external shell protecting the microrobot from the extreme downhole environment. The core system can include: a core control module (i.e., the aforementioned main control chip), a power supply module, a wireless power supply module, a parameter measurement module, and a data storage module. A rechargeable micro-battery can be connected to the main control chip, command activation interface, data transmission interface, data storage module, and various micro-sensors. The power supply module mainly consists of a rechargeable micro-battery and a voltage regulator chip. The rechargeable micro-battery supports the microrobot's measurement and signal transmission needs during drilling fluid circulation and can be charged via the wireless power supply module after being encapsulated in the shell. The voltage regulator chip regulates the battery's output voltage, providing a stable voltage output for other modules within the core system.

[0075] The wireless power supply module includes an energy receiving coil, a power filter, and a rectifier circuit. It can wirelessly replenish the power reserves of the micro-robot while clamping the output voltage within a safe range, significantly reducing heat loss, and ensuring safe energy transmission. The energy receiving coil receives energy in the form of an alternating magnetic field to achieve contactless power transmission. The power filter circuit filters out high-frequency noise and interference signals in the transmitted power from the energy receiving coil, ensuring the stability of the voltage in subsequent circuits. The rectifier circuit converts the AC power received by the transmission coil into DC power to charge the battery.

[0076] Furthermore, in one embodiment of this application, the microrobot further includes: a microcircuit board, on which the main control chip, parameter measurement module, data storage module, power supply module, and wireless power supply module are all disposed; the various modules in the microrobot can be connected via the microcircuit board, including: connecting the main control chip to the data storage module, the instruction activation interface, and various micro sensors respectively via the microcircuit board; connecting the rechargeable micro battery to the main control chip, the instruction activation interface, the data transmission interface, the data storage module, and various micro sensors respectively; connecting the energy receiving coil, the rectifier circuit, and the power filter circuit in sequence; and connecting the voltage regulator chip to the power filter circuit.

[0077] The micro circuit board is the foundation for carrying the main control chip, power supply module, wireless power supply module, parameter measurement module, and data storage module. It can use a combination of rigid and flexible circuit boards to achieve a three-dimensional distribution of multi-layer circuit boards. The flexible circuit board has the characteristic of being flexible, so the entire core system can be folded and placed in the outer shell of a micro robot with strong geometric constraints, thus achieving a high degree of miniaturization and integration.

[0078] In one embodiment of this application, the microcircuit board includes three circular rigid circuit boards 09 and two flexible circuit boards 08 for connecting the rigid circuit boards. The microcircuit board includes a micro low-power main control chip, a temperature sensor, a magnetometer, a gyroscope accelerometer, and a Wheatstone bridge pressure measurement circuit, serving as the core control module, temperature measurement module, magnetometer measurement module, acceleration measurement module, and pressure measurement module of the microrobot, respectively. A micro button battery, an instruction activation interface, and a first data transmission interface can be integrated onto the circuit board. The entire microcircuit board is encapsulated and protected by a polymer protective material 010, a liquid silicone-like material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). By adjusting the porosity of the PDMS, the density of the microrobot can be adjusted within the range of 1.1-1.8 g / cm³. Figure 6 is a side view of an example microcircuit board of this application.

[0079] In one embodiment of this application, the microcircuit board includes: three circular rigid circuit boards 09 and two flexible circuit boards 08 for connecting the rigid circuit boards. A high-strength polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material is used to create the mold and simultaneously serve as a protective outer shell 011. Liquid silicone-like material polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used to fill the gaps between the inner and outer parts, and the protective outer shell is cast to form a protective film, thereby forming an organic whole. This organic whole can serve as the shell 01, improving the sealing performance of the microrobot. By adjusting the carbon fiber content in the PEEK material and the air porosity of the PDMS, the density of the microrobot can be between 1.1 and 1.8 g / cm³. 3 Adjustable within a certain range. Figure 7 is a side view of a microcircuit board in another example of this application.

[0080] Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the short section in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 8, in order to improve the timeliness of downhole chain information transmission while realizing dynamic monitoring of downhole chain information throughout the entire depth from the wellhead to the bottom of the well, in one embodiment, the short section 1 includes:

[0081] The system includes an outer casing, a micro-robot payload compartment 15 located outside the outer casing, an RFID device 11 located inside the outer casing, a core control circuit 12, and a drive module 13. The core control circuit 12 is connected to the downhole tool, the micro-robot, the drive module 13, and the RFID device 11. The drive module 13 is connected to the micro-robot payload compartment 15, which is used to load the micro-robot.

[0082] Specifically, the sub can refer to a downhole intelligent sub. The sub provided in this embodiment can be installed at any depth along the drill string. Control signals can be transmitted to the sub by deploying an RFID tag ball or a micro-robot carrying an RFID tag at the wellhead. It can intelligently determine the working condition and perform control operations, enabling functions such as reading downhole chain information measured by downhole tools, transmitting downhole tool control signals, releasing the micro-robot, writing downhole chain information measured by the micro-robot, and charging the micro-robot. The sub can be installed individually or in multiple stages at different depths, depending on actual usage requirements. Downhole tools may include: MWD (Mechanical Downhole Tool), LWD (Log While Drilling Tool), etc. The microprocessor of the core control circuit can integrate a second signal transmission module, which serves as the sub's signal transmission module.

[0083] In another embodiment, the outer shell is a hollow circular tubular structure. The internal channels of the short section can connect to the internal pipes of the drill string, and the exterior has a microrobot payload compartment interface, which can transmit torque and drilling pressure together with the drill string to realize the release of the microrobot. The short section, while serving as the microrobot release mechanism, can also be integrated with the entire drill string.

[0084] The radio frequency identification (RFID) device, which can be located inside the drill string section, can be an RFID coil. After being deployed from the wellhead, a corresponding RFID tag ball or a miniature robot carrying an RFID tag can transmit control commands to the core control circuit via the RFID coil. The size of the RFID tag ball is sufficient to pass smoothly through the drill bit's water passage, thus avoiding interference with normal drilling operations. The RFID device primarily receives radio frequency control signals from the drill string's internal channels.

[0085] The core control circuit is a short-section master control circuit, which can be a micro-integrated circuit board with a microcontroller. The microcontroller can be connected to the drive module 13 and the radio frequency identification device 11 respectively. The microcontroller can be a common microcontroller, such as an STM32 microcontroller. It is the downhole intelligent terminal of the downhole chain information transmission Internet of Things system. It is responsible for the overall coordination and control of various modules and device structures. It can carry out corresponding functional control through different control commands received by the second signal transmission module and the radio frequency identification device. It can intelligently judge the distribution of micro robots in the wellbore and release robots in time to ensure the continuity of the chain channel composed of micro robots. Its main functions include: (1) The control drive module opens the payload compartment of the microrobot, releases the microrobot into the drilling annulus, and determines the number, frequency, and function of the release based on the command signal, while sending commands to control the microrobot to start the corresponding function; (2) The downhole chain information measured by the downhole tool is written into the microrobot to be released through the micro controller in the core control circuit. After the data is written, the microrobot is released into the drilling annulus. The downhole chain information measured by the downhole tool is carried to the surface through the microrobot as a data transmission medium; (3) The downhole chain information measured by the downhole tool is output to the downhole Internet of Things formed by the microrobot through the micro controller in the core control circuit. The downhole chain information measured by the downhole tool is transmitted to the surface intelligent processing system through the continuous signal relay of the microrobot; (4) When the microrobot recognizes a sudden complex situation downhole, the warning signal and corresponding measurement data issued will be received by the core control circuit. After intelligent judgment by the core control system, a decision is made to control the downhole tool to react.

[0086] The drive module consists of a control circuit and a transmission system. When the microrobot needs to be released, it controls the opening of the microrobot's payload compartment via the transmission system, thus releasing the microrobot. The core control circuit, the main control circuit (the short main control circuit), and the transmission system can be connected sequentially. The core control circuit (the main control circuit of the short section) can send control commands to the drive module. The drive module's control circuit, through electric control, causes mechanical movement in the transmission system, opening the compartment door, similar to an automatically controlled mechanical structure. The transmission system is electrically controlled. The control circuit can be an H-bridge drive module, and the transmission system can be a motor.

[0087] The microrobot payload compartment can hold multiple microrobots. The opening and closing of the payload compartment is controlled by a drive module. The payload compartment is connected to a second charging module and a microprocessor in the core control circuit, allowing it to charge the microrobots and interact with them via signal transmission. The section can be equipped with multiple payload compartments, enabling the controlled, mass release of microrobots.

[0088] The second signal transmission module mainly includes a warning signal activation interface and a second data transmission interface. The warning signal activation interface is in standby mode and is used to receive warning signals from the microrobot. The second data transmission interface enables rapid data reception and output, allowing data exchange with the microrobot and sending command signals to control its functions. The second signal transmission module also allows data exchange with downhole tools, sending control signals to adjust operating parameters and activate / deactivate measurement functions. The core control circuit can be connected to both the warning signal activation interface and the second data transmission interface. The second data transmission interface can represent the data transmission interface within the second signal transmission module. Both the warning signal activation interface and the second data transmission interface can be virtual program interfaces integrated into the microprocessor of the core control circuit, relying on program control for function activation and startup.

[0089] In one embodiment of this application, the subsection further includes a wireless charging module disposed within the payload compartment of the microrobot, used to provide power to the microrobot. The wireless charging module is mainly installed within part of the microrobot payload compartment and can replenish the power to the microrobot via the wireless power supply module, maintaining the microrobot's standby state. The wireless charging module may include: a rechargeable micro-battery, a battery control circuit, and an energy transmitting coil connected in sequence. The wireless charging module is used to transmit power, and the wireless power supply module is used to receive power, relying on the energy transmitting coil and the energy receiving coil for wireless power transmission.

[0090] Figure 9 is a first flowchart of the downhole chain information transmission method in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 9, to further illustrate this solution, this application provides an embodiment of a downhole chain information transmission method, in which the method includes:

[0091] Step 100: The microrobot enters the wellbore annulus to collect the first downhole chain information.

[0092] Specifically, the first downhole chain information can represent downhole chain information collected by the microrobot, such as temperature, pressure, magnetic field, and device acceleration.

[0093] Step 200: The micro-robot circulates the drilling fluid in the wellbore annulus to the wellhead, ending the collection of the first downhole chain information and transmitting the first downhole chain information to the surface intelligent processing system.

[0094] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the second process of the downhole chain information transmission method in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 10, in order to realize dynamic monitoring of downhole chain information at the full depth from the wellhead to the bottom of the well, a microrobot is deployed and retrieved from the wellhead. In one embodiment of this application, step 100 includes:

[0095] Step 101: Inject the microrobot into the mud pipe to begin collecting the first downhole chain information.

[0096] Step 102: The mud pump is started, and the micro-robot enters the channel inside the drill pipe and releases the mud into the wellbore annulus through the drill bit water hole.

[0097] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the wellhead deployment and retrieval method of the microrobot in the downhole chain information transmission IoT system of this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 11, in this embodiment, during the drilling process, the mud pump 45 is connected to the inner channel of the drill pipe 410. The ground part of the connecting pipe has an injection valve 43. The microrobot is deployed through the microrobot injection device 44 and can be injected into the mud pipe through the injection valve 43. The microrobot is fully charged by wireless charging when it is injected. A measurement command is issued to it during injection, and the parameter measurement begins. With the start of the mud pump, the microrobot enters the inner channel 49 of the drill pipe and enters the wellbore annulus 41 through the drill bit water hole at the drill bit position. At the same time, the microrobot in the inner channel 49 of the drill pipe and the wellbore annulus 41 continuously interacts with the nearby microrobots in a chain signal, forming a signal interaction channel that runs through the entire wellbore circulation. The microrobot circulates with the drilling fluid in the wellbore annulus to the wellhead. After passing through the vibrating screen 48, it is collected by the microrobot collection device 46 before entering the mud pool 47. Finally, a ground-based intelligent processing system interacts with the microrobot to process the signals acquired by the microrobot. Simultaneously, the ground-based intelligent processing system, acting as a ground signal terminal, also constantly interacts with the microrobot as it enters the wellbore circulation.

[0098] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the third process of the downhole chain information transmission method in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 12, in order to realize the transmission of data from the downhole tool to the surface through the downhole chain information transmission IoT system and improve the timeliness of downhole chain information transmission collected by the downhole tool, in one embodiment of this application, step 100 includes:

[0099] Step 111: The sub receives the second downhole chain information collected by the downhole tool, transmits the second downhole chain information to the microrobot inside the sub, and releases the microrobot into the wellbore annulus; correspondingly, step 200 includes:

[0100] Step 201: The microrobot circulates the drilling fluid in the wellbore annulus to the wellhead, ending the collection of the first downhole chain information, and transmitting the first and second downhole chain information to the surface intelligent processing system.

[0101] Specifically, the second downhole chain information can represent downhole chain information collected by downhole tools, such as temperature, pressure, magnetic field, and device acceleration.

[0102] In this embodiment, the sub can be installed between the upper drill collar and the downhole tool while drilling. When the downhole tool detects an abnormal signal or needs to transmit a large amount of data measured by the downhole tool to the wellhead, the sub receives the downhole chain information transmitted by the downhole tool and writes the downhole chain information into the microrobot inside the sub. Once the data writing is complete, the microrobot is released. The released microrobot circulates with the drilling fluid in the wellbore annulus to the wellhead, where the surface processing system processes the data and transmits it to the workers.

[0103] In one embodiment of this application, step 100 includes: the short section releasing the microrobot in the microrobot payload compartment into the wellbore annulus.

[0104] In one embodiment of this application, step 100 includes:

[0105] Step 121: Inject the microrobot into the mud pipe.

[0106] Step 122: When the mud pump is started, the microrobot enters the drill pipe channel and the distance between it and the sub or drill bit is less than the distance threshold, the microrobot begins and continuously collects the first downhole chain information.

[0107] In this embodiment, a microrobot activation device can be installed near the drill bit, or a sub can be used to activate the microrobot's measurement and networking functions. At this time, the microrobot deployed at the wellhead is not activated and is in standby mode, ready to receive activation signals. When the microrobot circulates to the vicinity of the sub or drill bit, its measurement and networking functions are activated. The microrobot then continues to circulate with the drilling fluid as it exits the drill bit, continuously measuring and networking downhole chain information. In this case, the microrobot does not participate in measurement and networking within the drill string cavity, minimizing its power consumption and allowing for more flexible responses to the dynamic parameter profile measurement needs of deep, ultra-deep, and extra-deep wells.

[0108] In one embodiment of this application, the downhole chain information transmission method further includes:

[0109] Step 300: The microrobot injected into the mud pipe is equipped with an RFID tag. When the microrobot enters the inner channel of the sub, the sub identifies the RFID tag and controls the downhole tools to adjust the working parameters according to the RFID tag. After the adjustment is completed, a control success signal is written to the microrobot in the microrobot load chamber, and the microrobot is released into the wellbore annulus.

[0110] Step 400: After being released, the microrobot circulates with the drilling fluid in the wellbore annulus to the wellhead and sends a control success signal to the surface intelligent processing system.

[0111] In this embodiment, when encountering incidents such as stuck drill bit or stick-slip, a micro-robot equipped with an RFID tag is deployed into the drill pipe channel via a micro-robot injection device on the surface, moving towards the bottom of the well with the drilling fluid circulation. Upon reaching the sub, the sub can identify the RFID tag via a radio frequency identification device and transmit control signals to downhole tools, such as torsion impact tools or shaft-torsion coupling impact tools, adjusting operating parameters to unstick and handle stick-slip. When control is successful, the sub writes a control success signal to the micro-robot to be released. After writing, the corresponding micro-robot is released and circulates with the annular drilling fluid to the wellhead. When detected by the surface intelligent processing system via wireless signal, or collected by the micro-robot collection device for further signal detection, the operator receives timely feedback. This embodiment enables control of downhole tools to handle complex downhole situations through a single deployment of a micro-robot at the wellhead.

[0112] In one embodiment of this application, after the microrobot enters the wellbore annulus in step 100, the process further includes:

[0113] When there is a first downhole chain information that does not meet the preset parameter conditions, the micro-robot transmits the first downhole chain information and the corresponding early warning information to the sub-section. The sub-section controls the downhole tools according to the first downhole chain information and the corresponding early warning information.

[0114] Specifically, when the microrobot determines that there is a first downhole chain information that does not meet the preset parameter conditions, the microrobot transmits the first downhole chain information and the corresponding early warning information to the sub-section. The preset parameter conditions can be set according to the actual situation, and this application does not impose any restrictions on them. For example, when the collected temperature is greater than the temperature threshold, it is determined that the collected temperature does not meet the preset parameter conditions.

[0115] In this embodiment, the sub-section can interact with a microrobot within the wellbore annulus, primarily in the near-bit area. When the microrobot detects a potential sudden complex situation, it immediately transmits warning signals and corresponding measurement signals to the sub-section. The sub-section then performs rapid intelligent analysis to make decisions and control the downhole tools to take the fastest possible countermeasures. Simultaneously, the microrobot's warning signals are also transmitted to the surface via a chain-like Internet of Things (IoT) network within the annulus, assisting personnel in making further decisions. This embodiment enables early identification and control of complex downhole situations through interaction between the sub-section and the intelligent microrobot.

[0116] In one embodiment of this application, the distance between adjacent microrobots injected from the mud pipe during the downhole circulation process does not exceed the maximum distance of wireless communication. The maximum distance of wireless communication can be set according to the actual situation, and this application does not impose any restrictions on it.

[0117] Specifically, operators can continuously deploy microrobots into the drill pipe channel based on the drilling pump's operation, or a controller can continuously deploy microrobots into the drill pipe channel based on the drilling pump's operation. The microrobots activate their networking and measurement functions upon deployment. The deployment interval depends on the density and structure of the microrobots and the drilling pump's displacement, with the standard ensuring that the distance between adjacent deployed microrobots during downhole circulation does not exceed the maximum wireless communication distance. After the initial deployed microrobot completes one cycle and reaches the wellhead, the chain-like signal transmission network formed by the microrobots is established. At this point, the circulating microrobots inside the wellbore continuously receive and transmit data while measuring downhole chain information. The wellbore profile signals are continuously received by the surface intelligent processing device, enabling monitoring of the dynamic profile of the wellbore's dynamic parameters. This embodiment achieves real-time measurement of the wellbore's dynamic parameter profile through continuous deployment of microrobots at the wellhead.

[0118] In one embodiment of this application, when the downhole tool detects that it has reached a section of the well prone to accidents, it transmits a control signal to the sub. The sub intermittently releases internally stored microrobots based on the drilling depth or a fixed time interval. Simultaneously, the sub can identify microrobots deployed from the wellhead into the drill string channel, thereby intelligently controlling the release speed and interval of the stored microrobots. The released microrobots and the microrobots deployed from the wellhead measure downhole chain information in real time. When the data monitored by the microrobots matches the characteristics of a sudden and complex downhole condition, the microrobots wirelessly send an early warning signal and corresponding measurement data. This data is transmitted via the wellbore wireless network to the surface intelligent processing system. The surface intelligent processing system processes the data and creates a visual display, facilitating the identification and confirmation of downhole conditions by personnel. This embodiment can achieve focused monitoring and early warning for abnormal conditions or designated well sections.

[0119] This application uses specific embodiments to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A chain-type information transmission Internet of Things (IoT) system for underground mining, characterized in that, include: Ground-based intelligent processing systems, short sections, and micro-robots; The microrobots communicate with each other, with each microrobot and the sub-section, with each microrobot and the downhole tool, and with each sub-section and the downhole tool; the surface intelligent processing system communicates with the microrobots. as well as When the microrobot is in a designated area downhole, it receives downhole chain information. When the microrobot reaches the wellhead, it sends the downhole chain information to the surface intelligent processing system. The downhole chain information includes: first downhole chain information collected by various micro sensors of the microrobot and / or second downhole chain information collected by the downhole tool sent by the sub. The microrobot moves as an independent carrier with the well fluid circulation. The microrobot includes: A housing and a core system disposed within the housing, the core system comprising: a main control chip, a parameter measurement module, and a data storage module; The parameter measurement module includes: the various miniature sensors; the main control chip is communicatively connected to the surface intelligent processing system, the sub-section, the downhole tool, the data storage module, and the various miniature sensors; and When the microrobot is in a designated area downhole, the main control chip receives downhole chain information and stores it in the data storage module. When the microrobot reaches the wellhead, the main control chip obtains the downhole chain information from the data storage module and sends it to the surface intelligent processing system.

2. The underground chain-type information transmission Internet of Things system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control chip is equipped with an RFID tag; The kernel system also includes: A power supply module and a wireless power supply module are installed inside the housing; The power supply module includes: a rechargeable micro battery and a voltage regulator chip connected to the rechargeable micro battery; the wireless power supply module includes: an energy receiving coil, a rectifier circuit, and a power filter circuit connected in sequence; the voltage regulator chip is connected to the power filter circuit; and The rechargeable micro battery is connected to the main control chip, the data storage module, and various micro sensors, respectively.

3. The underground chain-type information transmission Internet of Things system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The short section includes: The outer casing, the microrobot payload compartment disposed outside the outer casing, the radio frequency identification device disposed inside the outer casing, the core control circuit and the drive module; and The core control circuit is connected to the downhole tool, the microrobot, the drive module, and the radio frequency identification device, respectively. The drive module is connected to the microrobot payload compartment, which is used to load the microrobot.

4. The underground chain-type information transmission Internet of Things system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer shell is a hollow circular tubular structure; the short section also includes a wireless charging module disposed in the payload compartment of the microrobot, for providing power to the microrobot.

5. A method for underground chain-type information transmission, characterized in that, The method is implemented using the underground chain-type information transmission Internet of Things system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and includes: A microrobot entered the wellbore annulus to collect the first downhole chain information; and The microrobot circulates the drilling fluid in the wellbore annulus to the wellhead, ending the collection of the first downhole chain information and transmitting the first downhole chain information to the surface intelligent processing system.

6. The downhole chain information transmission method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The microrobot enters the wellbore annulus, including: The microrobot was injected into the mud pipe to begin collecting the first downhole chain information; and The mud pump starts, and the micro-robot enters the drill pipe channel and is released into the wellbore annulus through the drill bit water hole.

7. The downhole chain information transmission method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The microrobot enters the wellbore annulus, including: The sub receives second downhole chain information collected by downhole tools, transmits the second downhole chain information to a microrobot within the sub, and releases the microrobot into the wellbore annulus; and Correspondingly, the microrobot circulates the drilling fluid within the wellbore annulus to the wellhead, terminating the collection of the first downhole chain information, and transmits the first downhole chain information to the surface intelligent processing system, including: The microrobot circulates the drilling fluid in the wellbore annulus to the wellhead, ending the collection of the first downhole chain information, and transmits the first and second downhole chain information to the surface intelligent processing system.

8. The downhole chain information transmission method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The microrobot enters the wellbore annulus to collect the first downhole chain information, including: Inject the microrobot into the mud pipe; and When the mud pump is started, and the microrobot enters the drill pipe channel and the distance between it and the sub or drill bit is less than a distance threshold, the microrobot begins and continuously collects the first downhole chain information.

9. The downhole chain information transmission method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: A microrobot injected into the mud pipe is equipped with an RFID tag. When the microrobot enters the inner channel of the sub, the sub identifies the RFID tag and controls the downhole tools to adjust their operating parameters based on the RFID tag. After adjustment, a control success signal is written to the microrobot in the payload compartment, releasing the microrobot into the wellbore annulus. After being released, the microrobot circulates with the drilling fluid in the wellbore annulus to the wellhead and sends the control success signal to the surface intelligent processing system.

10. The downhole chain information transmission method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After the microrobot enters the wellbore annulus, the following is also included: When there is a first downhole chain information that does not meet the preset parameter conditions, the micro-robot transmits the first downhole chain information and the corresponding early warning information to the sub-section, and the sub-section controls the downhole tools according to the first downhole chain information and the corresponding early warning information.

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