Dielectric module and antenna system
By designing a lens structure with a gradually changing dielectric constant in the base station antenna using a dielectric module, the problems of VSWR degradation and insufficient beamwidth caused by the dielectric structure above the high-frequency vibrator are solved, thereby improving the antenna gain and beamwidth and meeting the signal transmission requirements.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies in base station antennas, such as placing a dielectric structure above the high-frequency vibrator, lead to problems such as deterioration of VSWR parameters and difficulty in meeting signal transmission requirements in terms of beamwidth.
By employing a dielectric module, the dielectric constant of the dielectric structure gradually changes in different directions, forming a lens structure that converges and expands the beamwidth, adjusting the transmission of the signal beam in two dimensions to meet the signal transmission requirements.
It effectively avoids VSWR parameter degradation, improves the antenna's far-field pattern gain and beamwidth, and meets the performance indicators of signal transmission.
Smart Images
Figure CN2025070172_09072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Dielectric modules and antenna systems Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a dielectric module and antenna system. Background Technology
[0002] One of the current development trends of base station antennas is towards multi-port and multi-band technology. However, when antenna elements of multiple frequency bands are arranged in the same antenna, coupling can easily occur between antennas of different frequency bands, leading to antenna performance degradation. The most obvious manifestation of this coupling degradation is that the low-frequency elements block or scatter the radiation or reception beam of the high-frequency elements.
[0003] One way to solve the above problem is to use various metasurface structures or dielectric structures to form lenses and place them directly above the high-frequency oscillator. By using the near-field lens effect, the beam width of the high-frequency oscillator is compressed, thereby weakening or reducing the obstruction of the high-frequency oscillator by the low-frequency oscillator.
[0004] While the above methods can reduce antenna performance degradation caused by beam obstruction to some extent, they typically compress the bandwidth of the high-frequency vibrator too narrowly, making it difficult for the entire antenna channel to meet certain bandwidth specifications after synthesis. Furthermore, the metasurface or dielectric structure placed directly above the high-frequency vibrator, being in the near-field region of the antenna vibrator, usually degrades the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) parameter, ensuring that the antenna performance parameters still fail to meet signal transmission requirements. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this technical solution is to provide a dielectric module and antenna system to solve the problem that the performance parameters of the antenna, which uses a dielectric structure above a high-frequency vibrator in existing base station antennas, still cannot meet the signal transmission requirements.
[0006] This disclosure provides a media module, comprising:
[0007] The dielectric structure, in a first direction, is formed as a plurality of first-arranged virtual units sequentially arranged from a first reference plane to both sides along the first direction; in a second direction, the dielectric structure is formed as a plurality of second-arranged virtual units sequentially arranged from a second reference plane along the second direction; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
[0008] In the plurality of first-arranged virtual units located on the same side of the first reference plane, as the distance between the plurality of first-arranged virtual units and the first reference plane increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of first-arranged virtual units gradually decreases or increases; in the plurality of second-arranged virtual units, as the distance between the plurality of second-arranged virtual units and the second reference plane increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of second-arranged virtual units gradually increases or decreases.
[0009] Optionally, in the media module, the second direction is from bottom to top; the media structure includes a first media structure and a second media structure located above the first media structure.
[0010] Wherein, on the same side of the first reference plane of the first dielectric structure, as the distance from the first reference plane of the first dielectric structure increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of first arranged virtual units of the first dielectric structure gradually decreases; among the plurality of second arranged virtual units of the first dielectric structure, as the distance from the second reference plane of the first dielectric structure increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of second arranged virtual units of the first dielectric structure gradually increases.
[0011] On the same side of the first reference plane of the second dielectric structure, as the distance from the first reference plane of the second dielectric structure increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of first arranged virtual units of the second dielectric structure gradually increases; among the plurality of second arranged virtual units of the second dielectric structure, as the distance between them and the second reference plane of the second dielectric structure increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of second arranged virtual units of the second dielectric structure gradually decreases.
[0012] Optionally, in the dielectric module, the dielectric constants are different at positions on the first arranged virtual units that are at different distances from the second reference plane; and / or
[0013] At positions on the second arrangement of virtual units that are at different distances from the first reference plane, the dielectric constants are different.
[0014] Optionally, in the media module, the plurality of the first arranged virtual units have the same size in the second direction; and / or
[0015] The multiple second arrangement virtual units have the same size in the first direction.
[0016] Optionally, the dielectric module, wherein the dielectric structure includes a substrate and a plurality of microcavity units spaced apart in the substrate;
[0017] The distribution volume of the microcavity units per unit area varies at different locations on the dielectric structure, and the dielectric constant of the corresponding locations also varies.
[0018] Optionally, in the dielectric module, the distribution volume of the microcavity units per unit area is inversely proportional to the corresponding dielectric constant.
[0019] Optionally, in the dielectric module, the first dielectric structure includes a first virtual unit that is closest to the second reference plane of the first dielectric structure, and the difference between the dielectric constant of different positions of the first virtual unit and the dielectric constant of the external environment is less than or equal to a first preset value.
[0020] The second dielectric structure includes a second virtual unit that is furthest from the second reference plane of the second dielectric structure. The difference between the dielectric constant of different positions of the second virtual unit and the dielectric constant of the external environment is less than or equal to a second preset value.
[0021] Optionally, in the dielectric module, the dielectric structure includes a first dielectric structure, which includes a plurality of dielectric layers stacked sequentially along the second direction; and the dielectric constant of the plurality of dielectric layers gradually increases along the second direction; in two adjacent dielectric layers, the orthographic projection of the first dielectric layer onto the plane of the second dielectric layer is located inside the second dielectric layer, and the direction from the second dielectric layer to the first dielectric layer is parallel to the second direction.
[0022] Optionally, in the dielectric module, the thickness of the plurality of dielectric layers is the same in the second direction.
[0023] Optionally, in the dielectric module, the bottom surface of the dielectric layer with the smallest dielectric constant of the first dielectric structure is formed as the second reference surface of the first dielectric structure, the first reference surface is perpendicular to the second reference surface, and the first dielectric structure is formed as a structure symmetrical about the first reference surface.
[0024] Optionally, the media module, wherein the media structure further includes a second media structure, the second media structure including a plurality of media blocks arranged sequentially along the first direction, the first center surface of the first media block located in the middle of the plurality of media blocks forming a first reference surface of the second media structure, the first center surface being perpendicular to the first direction, and the second media structure being formed as a structure symmetrical about the first reference surface;
[0025] Among them, the dielectric blocks have the same dielectric constant, and among the dielectric blocks located on the same side of the first dielectric block, the thickness of the dielectric block gradually increases along the second direction as the distance from the first dielectric block increases.
[0026] Optionally, in the dielectric module, the dielectric constant of the plurality of dielectric blocks is less than the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer of the first dielectric structure, and the difference between the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer and the dielectric constant of the dielectric blocks is less than or equal to a third preset value; the first dielectric layer has the largest dielectric constant among the plurality of dielectric layers.
[0027] This disclosure also provides an antenna system, which includes a dielectric module as described in any of the preceding embodiments;
[0028] The antenna system includes a plurality of first-type elements spaced apart and a second-type element located between the plurality of first-type elements; the beam transmission frequency of the first-type elements is lower than the beam transmission frequency of the second-type elements;
[0029] The dielectric module is provided on the beam transmission path of the second type of oscillator. Attached Figure Description
[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or related technologies, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0031] Figure 1 is a plan view of an antenna system employing one embodiment of the dielectric module described in this disclosure.
[0032] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna system shown in Figure 1;
[0033] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the medium module according to Embodiment 1 of this disclosure;
[0034] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the media module described in Embodiment 2 of this disclosure;
[0035] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the antenna system using the dielectric module described in the embodiments of this disclosure;
[0036] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the media module described in Embodiment 3 of this disclosure;
[0037] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the media module described in Embodiment 4 of this disclosure;
[0038] Figure 8 is one of the test schematic diagrams using the media module described in the embodiments of this disclosure;
[0039] Figure 9 is a second test schematic diagram using the media module described in the embodiments of this disclosure;
[0040] Figure 10 is a third schematic diagram of a test using the media module described in the embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation
[0041] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by this disclosure clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0042] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure and in the claims are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same class, not limited in number; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.
[0043] Figure 1 is a plan view of an antenna system using one of the implementation structures of the dielectric module described in this disclosure, and Figure 2 is a three-dimensional view of the antenna system using the same implementation structure.
[0044] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the antenna system can be applied to a multi-frequency common-aperture base station antenna, including multiple spaced-apart first-type elements 1 and second-type elements 2 located between the multiple first-type elements 1. The first-type elements 1 operate at low frequencies, have a larger physical size, and their shape can be, but is not limited to, bowl-shaped; the second-type elements 2 operate at high frequencies and have a smaller physical size compared to the first-type elements 1.
[0045] In this design, the operating wavelength of the first type of oscillator 1 is longer than that of the second type of oscillator 2. The height of the first type of oscillator 1 from the metal base plate (metal ground) 3 (typically a quarter wavelength) is also greater than that of the second type of oscillator 2. The first type of oscillator 1 is located above the second type of oscillator 2. Therefore, when the signal beam of the second type of oscillator 2, positioned between multiple first type of oscillators 1, radiates upwards, it is susceptible to obstruction.
[0046] One common approach to addressing these technical problems is to utilize various metasurface or dielectric structures to form lenses positioned directly above the high-frequency vibrator. This near-field lensing effect compresses the beamwidth of the high-frequency vibrator, weakening or reducing the obstruction of the high-frequency vibrator by the low-frequency vibrator. However, this approach has two drawbacks: firstly, the added dielectric structure above the high-frequency vibrator degrades its VSWR parameters in specific frequency bands; secondly, the compressed beamwidth often fails to meet the required bandwidth specifications, resulting in antenna performance parameters that still cannot meet signal transmission requirements.
[0047] To address this technical problem, this disclosure provides a dielectric module in which, in a first direction, the dielectric constant of the dielectric module varies with the distance relative to the first reference plane on both sides of the first reference plane; and in a second direction, the dielectric constant of the dielectric module varies with the distance relative to the second reference plane. The dielectric module employing this structure can adjust the transmitted signal beam in two dimensions, ensuring that the antenna performance parameters of the antenna system to which the dielectric module is applied meet the signal transmission requirements.
[0048] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the dielectric module according to one embodiment of this disclosure. Referring to Figure 3, the dielectric module includes:
[0049] The dielectric structure 100 is formed in a first direction a as a plurality of first arrangement virtual units 101 arranged sequentially from the first reference plane L1 to both sides along the first direction a; in a second direction b, the dielectric structure 100 is formed as a plurality of second arrangement virtual units 102 arranged sequentially from the second reference plane L2 along the second direction b; the first direction a is perpendicular to the second direction b.
[0050] In the plurality of first-arranged virtual units 101 located on the same side of the first reference plane L1, as the distance between the plurality of first-arranged virtual units 101 and the first reference plane L1 increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of first-arranged virtual units 101 gradually decreases or increases; in the plurality of second-arranged virtual units 102, as the distance between the plurality of second-arranged virtual units 102 and the second reference plane L2 increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of second-arranged virtual units 102 gradually increases or decreases.
[0051] In this embodiment, taking the vertical arrangement of the antenna element in the antenna system used by the dielectric module as an example, the first reference plane L1 is a vertical plane located on the dielectric structure 100, optionally the center plane of the dielectric structure 100 in the horizontal direction. In this embodiment, the first direction a is a horizontal direction perpendicular to the first reference plane L1. The second reference plane L2 is a horizontal plane located below the dielectric module, optionally the bottom surface of the dielectric structure 100. In this embodiment, the second direction b is a vertical direction perpendicular to the second reference plane L2, optionally a bottom-to-top direction.
[0052] Furthermore, in this embodiment, based on the variation of the dielectric constant at different positions in the first direction, the dielectric structure 100 is divided into multiple first-arranged virtual units 101, and based on the variation of the dielectric constant at different positions in the second direction, the dielectric structure 100 is divided into multiple second-arranged virtual units 102. Therefore, the multiple first-arranged virtual units 101 formed in the first direction and the multiple second-arranged virtual units 102 formed in the second direction are not actual structural units on the dielectric structure 100.
[0053] In one embodiment, optionally, a plurality of first arrangement virtual units 101 and a plurality of second arrangement virtual units 102 can be determined based on the unit size of the dielectric structure 100 in the first direction a and the second direction b, respectively. In another embodiment, optionally, a plurality of first arrangement virtual units 101 and a plurality of second arrangement virtual units 102 can also be determined based on the variation law of the dielectric constant of the dielectric structure 100 in the first direction a and the second direction b, respectively; for example, within a first arrangement virtual unit 101, the dielectric constant is the same at any position in the same horizontal plane; within a second arrangement virtual unit 102, the dielectric constant is the same at any position in the same vertical plane.
[0054] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, the dielectric constant of the dielectric structure 100 on both sides of the first reference plane L1 is formed to gradually decrease or gradually increase from the first reference plane L1 in a direction away from the first reference plane L1, that is, to form a gradient structure from the center to both sides. Specifically, when the dielectric constant of the dielectric structure 100 gradually decreases on both sides of the first reference plane L1, the dielectric structure 100 forms a lens structure with converging wavelength; when the dielectric constant of the dielectric structure 100 gradually increases on both sides of the first reference plane L1, the dielectric structure 100 forms a lens structure with widening wavelength.
[0055] Above the second reference plane L2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric structure 100 is formed such that it gradually increases or decreases from the second reference plane L2 in the direction away from the second reference plane L2. By setting a dielectric constant that changes gradually, the refractive index of the signal beam transmitted from the second reference plane L2 into the dielectric structure 100 can be gradually adjusted to avoid the problem that the difference between the edge refractive index when entering the dielectric structure 100 and the refractive index inside the dielectric structure 100 is too large, resulting in high refractive loss and thus deterioration of the VSWR parameter.
[0056] In one embodiment of this disclosure, as shown in FIG3, the dielectric structure 100 includes a first dielectric structure 110. On the same side of the first reference plane L1 of the first dielectric structure 110, as the distance from the first reference plane L1 of the first dielectric structure 110 increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of first arrangement virtual units 101 of the first dielectric structure 110 gradually decreases; among the plurality of second arrangement virtual units 102 of the first dielectric structure 110, as the distance from the second reference plane L2 of the first dielectric structure 110 increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of second arrangement virtual units 102 of the first dielectric structure 110 gradually increases.
[0057] Optionally, the first dielectric structure 110 includes a first virtual unit closest to the second reference plane L2, wherein the difference between the dielectric constant of different positions of the first virtual unit and the dielectric constant of the external environment is less than or equal to a first preset value. That is, the dielectric constant of different positions of the first virtual unit is close to the dielectric constant of the external environment (such as the dielectric constant 1 of air).
[0058] In this embodiment, when the first dielectric structure 110 is positioned above the second type of oscillator 2, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric structure 110 gradually decreases on both sides of the first reference plane L1. This allows the first dielectric structure 110 to be formed as a bandwidth-converging lens structure, enabling bandwidth compression of the transmitted signal beam and preventing the signal beam from being blocked by the first type of oscillators 1 positioned on both sides. Furthermore, by forming the dielectric constant of the first dielectric structure 110 to gradually increase from the second reference plane L2 in a direction away from it, the refractive index of the signal beam transmitted from the second reference plane L2 into the interior of the first dielectric structure 110 gradually changes within the first dielectric structure 110. This avoids the problem of high refractive loss and VSWR parameter degradation caused by a large difference in refractive index between the interior and exterior of the first dielectric structure 110.
[0059] In another embodiment of this disclosure, as shown in FIG4 and in conjunction with FIG3, the medium structure 100 includes a second medium structure 120 located above the first medium structure 110 in addition to the first medium structure 110.
[0060] Specifically, on the same side of the first reference plane L1 of the second dielectric structure 120, as the distance from the first reference plane L1 of the second dielectric structure 120 increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of first arranged virtual units 101 of the second dielectric structure 120 gradually increases; among the plurality of second arranged virtual units 102 of the second dielectric structure 120, as the distance from the second reference plane L2 of the second dielectric structure 120 increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of second arranged virtual units 102 of the second dielectric structure 120 gradually decreases.
[0061] Optionally, the second dielectric structure 120 includes a second virtual unit that is furthest from the second reference plane L2 of the second dielectric structure 120. The difference between the dielectric constant of different positions of the second virtual unit and the dielectric constant of the external environment is less than or equal to a second preset value. That is, the dielectric constant of different positions of the second virtual unit is close to the dielectric constant of the external environment (e.g., the dielectric constant of air, 1). Thus, starting from the second reference plane L2, the dielectric constant of the second dielectric structure 120 gradually decreases from bottom to top until it matches the dielectric constant of the external environment.
[0062] In this embodiment, a second dielectric structure 120 is provided above the first dielectric structure 110. The dielectric constant of the second dielectric structure 120 gradually increases on both sides of the first reference plane L1. The second dielectric structure 120 is formed as a beam-expanding lens structure. The second dielectric structure 120 can expand the beamwidth of the signal beam transmitted from the first dielectric structure 110, so as to avoid the problem of the beamwidth being too narrow after the first dielectric structure 110 converges the beamwidth of the signal beam.
[0063] In addition, the dielectric constant of the second dielectric structure 120 is formed to gradually decrease from the second reference plane L2 toward the direction away from the second reference plane L2. This allows the refractive index of the signal beam to gradually change inside the second dielectric structure 120 after it is transmitted from the first dielectric structure 110 and enters the second dielectric structure 120. This avoids the problem of high refractive loss and deterioration of VSWR parameters caused by a large difference in refractive index due to a large difference in dielectric constant when the signal beam is transmitted from inside the second dielectric structure 120.
[0064] In one embodiment of this disclosure, optionally, as shown in FIG5, when the dielectric structure 100, including the first dielectric structure 110 and the second dielectric structure 120, is disposed above the second type of vibrator 2, the first dielectric structure 110 and the second dielectric structure 120 are spaced apart. The second dielectric structure 120 is disposed above the second type of vibrator 2 and above the position where the first dielectric structure 110 blocks the second dielectric structure 120. Thus, after the first dielectric structure 110 compresses the signal beamwidth of the second type of vibrator 2, the second dielectric structure 120 expands the signal beamwidth above the blocking position to meet the antenna signal bandwidth requirements. Optionally, as shown in FIG5, the first dielectric structure 110 and the second dielectric structure 120 are integrated on a mounting bracket 130, which is disposed on both sides of the second type of vibrator 2, placing the first dielectric structure 110 and the second dielectric structure 120 above the second type of vibrator 2.
[0065] Optionally, the spacing between the first dielectric structure 110 and the second dielectric structure 120 is related to the transmission wavelength of the signal beam, and optionally, the spacing is approximately one-eighth of the wavelength range.
[0066] In one embodiment of this disclosure, optionally, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the first dielectric structure 110 has the same thickness at each position in the vertical direction (second direction b), and the second dielectric structure 120 has the same thickness at each position.
[0067] Optionally, the first dielectric structure 110 and the second dielectric structure 120 have the same thickness in the vertical direction.
[0068] In this embodiment, optionally, as shown in FIG3, the dielectric constants are different at positions on the first arrangement of virtual units 101 that are at different distances from the second reference plane L2; and / or
[0069] At different distances from the first reference plane L1 on the second arrangement of virtual units 102, the dielectric constants are different.
[0070] In this embodiment, optionally, the first medium structure 110 and the second medium structure 120 can be divided into multiple first arrangement virtual units 101 based on their unit dimensions in the first direction a, respectively. Similarly, the first medium structure 110 and the second medium structure 120 can be divided into multiple second arrangement virtual units 102 based on their unit dimensions in the second direction b, respectively.
[0071] According to this method, the multiple first-arranged virtual units 101 have the same size in the first direction a and the same size in the second direction b; and / or, the multiple second-arranged virtual units 102 have the same size in the first direction a and the same size in the second direction b.
[0072] Thus, the first dielectric structure 110 and the second dielectric structure 120 are respectively formed as dielectric structures with uniform thickness but uneven dielectric constant distribution.
[0073] In one embodiment, optionally, the dielectric structure 100 (first dielectric structure 110 and / or second dielectric structure 120) can be formed by splicing together various materials with different dielectric constants.
[0074] In another embodiment, optionally, the dielectric structure 100 (first dielectric structure 110 and / or second dielectric structure 120) includes a substrate and a plurality of microcavity units spaced apart in the substrate; wherein, the distribution volume of the microcavity units per unit area is different at different positions on the dielectric structure, and the dielectric constant of the corresponding positions is different.
[0075] In this embodiment, the substrate is a material that allows signal beam transmission to pass through. By making the distribution volume of microcavity units within a unit range of the substrate different, the dielectric constant at different locations is made different.
[0076] Optionally, the distribution volume of the microcavity unit per unit area is inversely proportional to the corresponding dielectric constant.
[0077] Specifically, the lower the dielectric constant at one location of the dielectric structure 100, the larger the distribution volume of the microcavity unit per unit area.
[0078] Optionally, as shown in Figure 6, the greater the number and / or diameter of the microcavity units per unit area, the larger the distribution volume. Therefore, the number and / or diameter of the microcavity units per unit area at different locations can be different, resulting in different dielectric constants at different locations.
[0079] In one embodiment, the media structure 100 (first media structure 110 and / or second media structure 120) can be made of foam material or 3D printing material.
[0080] In another embodiment of the media module described in this disclosure, the first media structure 110 and the second media structure 120 are optionally formed by assembling multiple media layers or media blocks.
[0081] As shown in Figure 7, in one embodiment, optionally, the first dielectric structure 110 includes a plurality of dielectric layers 1101 stacked sequentially along the second direction b (vertical direction); and along the second direction, the dielectric constant of the plurality of dielectric layers 1101 gradually increases; in two adjacent dielectric layers 1101, the orthographic projection of the first dielectric layer on the plane where the second dielectric layer is located is located inside the second dielectric layer, and the direction from the second dielectric layer to the first dielectric layer is parallel to the second direction b, that is, the first dielectric layer is located above the second dielectric layer.
[0082] In this embodiment, the first dielectric structure 110 is formed by splicing together multiple dielectric layers 1101 stacked sequentially from bottom to top, and the dielectric constant of the multiple dielectric layers 1101 gradually increases from bottom to top, so that the first dielectric structure 110 is formed as a structure in which the dielectric constant gradually increases from bottom to top.
[0083] In addition, in the first dielectric structure 110, the area of the multiple dielectric layers 1101 gradually decreases from bottom to top. From the horizontal center plane (first reference plane L1) of the first dielectric structure 110 to both sides, a hierarchical structure with gradually decreasing dielectric constant is formed. The first dielectric structure 110 is formed as a structure symmetrical about the first reference plane L1.
[0084] Based on this, since the dielectric constant of the first dielectric structure 110 gradually decreases on both sides of the first reference plane L1, the first dielectric structure 110 can compress the bandwidth of the transmitted signal beam; since the first dielectric structure 110 is formed in a structure in which the dielectric constant gradually increases from bottom to top, the refractive index of the signal beam incident on the first dielectric structure 110 gradually changes, avoiding the problem of high refractive loss and deterioration of VSWR parameters.
[0085] Optionally, the second reference plane L2 is the bottom surface of the lowest dielectric layer 1101, and the second reference plane L2 is perpendicular to the first reference plane L1; optionally, the dielectric constant of the lowest dielectric layer 1101 is close to the dielectric constant of the working environment, and optionally, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 1101 is 1.1.
[0086] In this embodiment, optionally, in the second direction b, each dielectric layer 1101 forms a second arrangement virtual unit; in the first direction a, one unit size forms a first arrangement virtual unit; on one side of the first reference plane L1, the number of dielectric layers 1101 in the multiple first arrangement virtual units is different, and therefore the corresponding dielectric constants are different; the further away from the first reference plane L1 the dielectric layer 1101 is, the fewer the number of layers it has, and the smaller the corresponding dielectric constant.
[0087] In this embodiment of the present disclosure, optionally, in the second direction b, the thickness of the plurality of dielectric layers 1101 is the same. Optionally, the thickness of each dielectric layer 1101 is between 3.5 mm and 4.5 mm.
[0088] Optionally, in the first dielectric structure 110, the dielectric constant of the plurality of dielectric layers 1101 increases linearly from bottom to top.
[0089] Optionally, in the first dielectric structure, the dimensions of the bottom dielectric layer 1101 are approximately 96mm × 96mm, and the dimensions of the top dielectric layer 1101 are approximately 96mm × 18mm.
[0090] Optionally, as shown in FIG7, the dielectric structure 100 further includes a second dielectric structure 120. The second dielectric structure 120 includes a plurality of dielectric blocks 1201 arranged sequentially along the first direction a. The first center surface of the first dielectric block 12011 located in the middle of the plurality of dielectric blocks 1201 is formed as the first reference surface L1 of the second dielectric structure 120. The first center surface is perpendicular to the first direction a. The second dielectric structure 120 is formed as a structure symmetrical about the first reference surface L1.
[0091] Among them, the dielectric constants of multiple dielectric blocks 1201 are the same, and among the multiple dielectric blocks 1201 located on the same side of the first dielectric block 12011, the thickness of the dielectric block 1201 along the second direction b gradually increases as the distance from the first dielectric block 12011 increases.
[0092] Optionally, the first reference plane L1 of the first dielectric structure 110 and the first reference plane L1 of the second dielectric structure 120 are located in the same plane.
[0093] Optionally, the second reference plane L2 of the second medium structure 120 is the horizontal center plane of the second medium structure 120, wherein the second medium structure 120 is also formed as a structure symmetrical about the second reference plane L2.
[0094] In this embodiment, the second dielectric structure 120 is formed by splicing together multiple dielectric blocks 1201 arranged along the first direction a, and the second dielectric structure 120 is symmetrical about the first reference plane L1. On one side of the first reference plane L1, although each dielectric block 1201 has the same dielectric constant, the different thicknesses of the multiple dielectric blocks 1201 result in different optical path lengths corresponding to the multiple optical path lengths, thus causing the dielectric constants corresponding to the multiple optical path lengths to be different. In this embodiment, in the first direction a, one dielectric block 1201 corresponds to one first arrangement virtual unit.
[0095] Since the thickness of multiple dielectric blocks 1201 gradually increases on one side of the first reference plane L1, forming a structure with gradually increasing dielectric constant, the bandwidth of the signal beam output by the first dielectric structure 110 can be expanded.
[0096] Optionally, a plurality of second-arranged virtual units of the second dielectric structure 120 are located above the second reference plane L2, and the plurality of second-arranged virtual units are arranged along the second direction b. Optionally, each second-arranged virtual unit corresponds to a unit size, and the size of a second-arranged virtual unit along the first direction a is the overall size of the entire second dielectric structure 120 along the first direction a. Since the size of the second dielectric structure 120 gradually decreases along the first direction a above the second reference plane L2, the plurality of second-arranged virtual units are formed into a structure with a gradually decreasing dielectric constant, so that the refractive index of the signal beam incident on the second dielectric structure 120 gradually changes, avoiding the problem of high refractive loss and VSWR parameter degradation.
[0097] Optionally, the dielectric constant of the plurality of dielectric blocks 1201 is less than the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer of the first dielectric structure, and the difference between the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer and the dielectric constant of the dielectric blocks is less than or equal to a third preset value; wherein, the first dielectric layer has the largest dielectric constant among the plurality of dielectric layers. In this embodiment of the present disclosure, the first dielectric layer is the uppermost dielectric layer 1101 of the first dielectric structure 110.
[0098] Optionally, the dielectric constant of the plurality of dielectric blocks 1201 is between 2 and 2.5.
[0099] Optionally, among the plurality of dielectric blocks 1201, the thickness of the outermost dielectric block is between 25 mm and 35 mm, and the thickness of the dielectric block 1201 located in the center is between 2 and 4 mm.
[0100] By using the dielectric module described in this embodiment, by setting a dielectric structure 100 including a first dielectric structure 110 and a second dielectric structure 120 above the high-frequency oscillator (second type oscillator), it is possible to ensure that the beam of the high-frequency oscillator achieves the maximum gain. In addition, it is also possible to ensure that the beamwidth of the signal beam emitted by the high-frequency oscillator is not compressed too narrowly.
[0101] Taking a low-frequency oscillator (Type I oscillator) as an example, with a bowl shape, a side length of 120 mm, a bowl rim height of 26 mm, a bowl bottom height of 56 mm from the metal ground, and a center-to-center distance of 250 mm between two low-frequency oscillators, and a top-view side length of 64 mm, a main radiator distance of 29 mm from the metal ground, an uppermost parasitic radiation layer distance of 40 mm from the metal ground, and a distance of 125 mm from the center of the high-frequency oscillator to both low-frequency oscillators, the high-frequency oscillator operates in the frequency band of 1690 MHz-2690 MHz. If no dielectric structure is installed above the high-frequency oscillator, the intermediate frequency is 2200 MHz. As shown by the broken line marked by curve 4 in Figure 8, it can be seen that the radiation beam of the high-frequency oscillator is blocked by the low-frequency oscillators, resulting in obvious sidelobes and beam distortion.
[0102] When a 95mm×95mm×47mm dielectric structure is placed 10mm above the high-frequency vibrator, and the dielectric constant of this structure decreases linearly from 3.0 at the center to both sides, signal testing, as shown in curve 3 of Figure 8 (the directional gain diagram), reveals that the sidelobes caused by the blocking effect are significantly suppressed, and the maximum gain at 0 degrees is improved by approximately 0.55dB. Although the gain is improved to some extent, because the dielectric structure is only 10mm away from the high-frequency vibrator, it is still located in the near-field region of the antenna vibrator, resulting in a deterioration of the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), limiting the improvement, as shown in curve 5 of Figure 9.
[0103] In Figure 9, curve 8 represents the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the high-frequency oscillator itself when there is no dielectric structure above it. Curve 5 represents the VSWR measured when a conventional converging lens dielectric structure is added 10 mm above the high-frequency oscillator. It can be seen that directly loading a dielectric structure causes a severe deterioration in VSWR across the entire operating frequency band, especially in the 1800MHz to 1900MHz band, where the VSWR exceeds 2.2.
[0104] In one embodiment of the dielectric module described in this disclosure, the dielectric module includes only a first dielectric structure 110. The first dielectric structure 110 can be in the form shown in Figure 3. From the first reference surface to both sides, the dielectric constant decreases from 3.0 to 1.2, and from the second reference surface upwards, the dielectric constant increases linearly from 1.1 to 3.0. After signal testing, the VSWR parameter for the entire frequency band is represented by curve 6 in Figure 9, thus optimizing the VSWR. Due to the optimization of the VSWR, the far-field radiation pattern gain can be further improved, with the gain increasing by approximately 1.1 dB, as shown by curve 1 in Figure 8.
[0105] To maximize the waveform width, a second dielectric structure 120 can be added above the first dielectric structure 110, as shown in Figure 4. Optionally, the thickness of the first dielectric structure 110 is reduced from 45 mm to 25 mm, and the thickness of the second dielectric structure 120 located above the first dielectric structure 110 is 22 mm, with its dielectric constant distribution increasing from 1.2 at the center to 2.5 at the edge.
[0106] As shown in Figures 8 and 9, compared to using only the first dielectric structure 110, the dielectric module including the first dielectric structure 110 and the second dielectric structure 120, after signal testing, also shows that the far-field gain of the antenna pattern can be improved by more than 1.1dB, and its 3dB bandwidth can be increased to 46.5 degrees, as shown by curve 2 in Figure 8 and curve 7 in Figure 9. At the same time, its VSWR parameter also reaches less than 1.7 across the entire frequency band, achieving a relatively ideal result. Therefore, the test results prove that using the combination of the first dielectric structure 110 and the second dielectric structure 120 with the aforementioned phase mutual compensation characteristics improves antenna performance compared to using only the first dielectric structure 110.
[0107] On the other hand, taking the dielectric module shown in FIG7 of the present disclosure embodiment as an example for testing, when the dielectric module shown in FIG7 is placed above the high-frequency vibrator, by comparing it with the case where no dielectric module is placed above the high-frequency vibrator, referring to FIG10, curve 10 represents the far-field gain diagram where no dielectric module is placed above the high-frequency vibrator, and curve 9 represents the far-field gain diagram where a dielectric module is placed above the high-frequency vibrator, by comparison, using the dielectric module shown in FIG7 of the present disclosure embodiment can significantly reduce the scattering sidelobes caused by obstruction, while the maximum gain is improved by about 1.12dB, and the 3dB beamwidth can reach 47 degrees, thereby improving the antenna performance.
[0108] By using the dielectric module described in this embodiment, and by improving the dielectric module, the transmitted signal beam can be adjusted in two dimensions so that the antenna performance parameters of the antenna system to which the dielectric module is applied can meet the signal transmission requirements.
[0109] This disclosure also provides an antenna system comprising a dielectric module as described in any of the preceding embodiments; as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the antenna system comprises a plurality of first-type vibrators 1 spaced apart and a second-type vibrator 2 located between the plurality of first-type vibrators 1; the beam transmission frequency of the first-type vibrators 1 is lower than the beam transmission frequency of the second-type vibrators 2; wherein the dielectric module is disposed on the beam transmission path of the second-type vibrators 2.
[0110] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2, at least some of the first-type oscillators 1 are respectively provided with a third-type oscillator 4 above them.
[0111] Optionally, the third type oscillator 4 and the second type oscillator 2 have the same beam transmission frequency to increase the setup density of the second type oscillator.
[0112] Based on the above detailed description, those skilled in the art should be able to understand the specific structure of the antenna system using the dielectric module described in the embodiments of this disclosure, and will not be repeated here.
[0113] It should be noted that the antenna system structures shown in Figures 1 and 2 are only one implementation of the dielectric module described in the embodiments of this disclosure, and are not limited thereto.
[0114] The above describes the preferred embodiments of this disclosure. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles described in this disclosure, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this disclosure.
Claims
1. A media module, wherein, include: The medium structure, in a first direction, is formed as a plurality of first arrangement virtual units arranged sequentially from a first reference surface to both sides along the first direction; In the second direction, the medium structure is formed as a plurality of second arrangement virtual units arranged sequentially from the second reference plane along the second direction; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; In the plurality of first-arranged virtual units located on the same side of the first reference plane, as the distance between the plurality of first-arranged virtual units and the first reference plane increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of first-arranged virtual units gradually decreases or increases; in the plurality of second-arranged virtual units, as the distance between the plurality of second-arranged virtual units and the second reference plane increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of second-arranged virtual units gradually increases or decreases.
2. The media module according to claim 1, wherein, The second direction is from bottom to top; the medium structure includes a first medium structure and a second medium structure located above the first medium structure; Wherein, on the same side of the first reference plane of the first dielectric structure, as the distance from the first reference plane of the first dielectric structure increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of first arranged virtual units of the first dielectric structure gradually decreases; among the plurality of second arranged virtual units of the first dielectric structure, as the distance from the second reference plane of the first dielectric structure increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of second arranged virtual units of the first dielectric structure gradually increases. On the same side of the first reference plane of the second dielectric structure, as the distance from the first reference plane of the second dielectric structure increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of first arranged virtual units of the second dielectric structure gradually increases; among the plurality of second arranged virtual units of the second dielectric structure, as the distance between them and the second reference plane of the second dielectric structure increases, the dielectric constant of the plurality of second arranged virtual units of the second dielectric structure gradually decreases.
3. The media module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, At positions on the first arranged virtual unit that are at different distances from the second reference plane, the corresponding dielectric constants are different; and / or At positions on the second arrangement of virtual units that are at different distances from the first reference plane, the dielectric constants are different.
4. The media module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The plurality of the first arranged virtual units have the same size in the second direction; and / or The multiple second arrangement virtual units have the same size in the first direction.
5. The media module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The medium structure includes a substrate and a plurality of microcavity units spaced apart in the substrate; The distribution volume of the microcavity units per unit area varies at different locations on the dielectric structure, and the dielectric constant of the corresponding locations also varies.
6. The media module according to claim 5, wherein, The volume distribution of the microcavity unit within a unit area is inversely proportional to the corresponding dielectric constant.
7. The media module according to claim 2, wherein, The first dielectric structure includes a first virtual unit that is closest to the second reference plane of the first dielectric structure. The difference between the dielectric constant of different positions of the first virtual unit and the dielectric constant of the external environment is less than or equal to a first preset value. The second dielectric structure includes a second virtual unit that is furthest from the second reference plane of the second dielectric structure. The difference between the dielectric constant of different positions of the second virtual unit and the dielectric constant of the external environment is less than or equal to a second preset value.
8. The media module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The dielectric structure includes a first dielectric structure, which includes a plurality of dielectric layers stacked sequentially along the second direction; and the dielectric constant of the plurality of dielectric layers gradually increases along the second direction; in two adjacent dielectric layers, the orthographic projection of the first dielectric layer onto the plane of the second dielectric layer is located inside the second dielectric layer, and the direction from the second dielectric layer to the first dielectric layer is parallel to the second direction.
9. The media module according to claim 8, wherein, In the second direction, the thickness of the plurality of dielectric layers is the same.
10. The media module according to claim 8, wherein, The bottom surface of the dielectric layer with the smallest dielectric constant in the first dielectric structure is formed as the second reference plane of the first dielectric structure. The first reference plane is perpendicular to the second reference plane, and the first dielectric structure is formed as a structure symmetrical about the first reference plane.
11. The media module according to claim 8, wherein, The medium structure further includes a second medium structure, which includes a plurality of medium blocks arranged sequentially along the first direction. The first center surface of the first medium block located in the middle of the plurality of medium blocks forms a first reference surface of the second medium structure. The first center surface is perpendicular to the first direction, and the second medium structure is formed as a structure symmetrical about the first reference surface. Among them, the dielectric blocks have the same dielectric constant, and among the dielectric blocks located on the same side of the first dielectric block, the thickness of the dielectric block gradually increases along the second direction as the distance from the first dielectric block increases.
12. The media module according to claim 11, wherein, The dielectric constant of the plurality of dielectric blocks is less than the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer of the first dielectric structure, and the difference between the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer and the dielectric constant of the dielectric blocks is less than or equal to a third preset value; the first dielectric layer has the largest dielectric constant among the plurality of dielectric layers.
13. An antenna system, characterized in that, Includes the media module as described in any one of claims 1 to 12; The antenna system includes a plurality of first-type elements spaced apart and a second-type element located between the plurality of first-type elements; the beam transmission frequency of the first-type elements is lower than the beam transmission frequency of the second-type elements; The dielectric module is provided on the beam transmission path of the second type of oscillator.