Fused tricyclic compound and medical use thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of medical chemistry, and relates to a fused tricyclic compound and the medical use thereof. The compound has a structure as represented by formula (I). Particularly, the present application further relates to a method for preparing the compound, a pharmaceutical composition of the compound and the use of the compound in the treatment of diseases.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS The present application claims priority to and benefit of the Chinese Patent Application No. 202311755340.0 filed with China National Intellectual Property Administration on December 19, 2023, the Chinese Patent Application No. 202410160703.4 filed with China National Intellectual Property Administration on February 04, 2024, and the Chinese Patent Application No. 202411837405.0 filed with China National Intellectual Property Administration on December 12, 2024, the disclosure of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to a tricyclic compound, a preparation method therefor, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, and use thereof for treating cancer. BACKGROUND The Ras gene is an important proto-oncogene, named after its discovery in the rat sarcoma virus. The Ras protein it encodes is localized on the inner side of the cell membrane. This protein has the ability to bind to GTP / GDP and, with the assistance of GTPase activating protein (GAP), can hydrolyze GTP. By interconverting between its active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) conformations, the Ras protein controls the “on” and “off” states in signal transduction processes involving growth factors and cytokines, playing an important role in cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis (Bos J. L. et al., Cell, 2007, 129(5): 865-877). The human Ras gene family has three members: Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRas), neuroblastoma rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRas), and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (Kras), with Kras being primarily expressed in the intestine, lung, and thymus (Rajalingam K. et al., Biochim Biophys Acta, 2007, 1773(8): 1177-1195). Studies have shown that Ras gene mutations are present in over 30% of human tumors, with Kras mutations accounting for about 86% of these cases (Riely G. J. et al., Proc Am Thorac Soc, 2009, 6(2): 201-205). For Kras mutations, mutations of glycine at position 12 (G12) account for about 80%, and the G12D mutation (where glycine at position 12 is mutated to aspartic acid) is the primary mutation form of G12 mutations (Prior I. A. et al., Cancer Res, 2012, 72(10): 2457-2467). G12 mutations reduce the catalytic activity of GAP, ultimately leading to the sustained activation of Ras, which makes Ras unable to effectively regulate cell signal transduction, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of tumors. Currently, mutant Kras has become an attractive anti-cancer target. SUMMARY The present disclosure relates to a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, R4 formula (I) wherein, 100002 X is selected from the group consisting of -N- and -CH- optionally substituted with Rx; Rx is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, -OH, -NH2, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 haloalkylthio, C1-6 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-6 haloalkylamino; L1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R1: -NH-, C1-5 alkylene, C1-4 heteroalkylene, C2-5 alkenylene, and C1-4 heteroalkenylene; each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 haloalkylthio, C1-6 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-6 haloalkylamino; L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: 3- to 12-membered cycloalkenyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocycloalkenyl, 6-to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl; or L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl; R2a is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R2a1: C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, and 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl; each R2a1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 haloalkylthio, C1-6 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-6 haloalkylamino; R2b is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 haloalkylthio, C1-6 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-6 haloalkylamino; or R2a and R2b form =O together; each RB is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 haloalkylthio, C1-6 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-6 haloalkylamino; ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC: 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkenyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl; each RA is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA1: C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 6-to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl; each RA1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, di-C1-4 alkylamino, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkoxy, C1-4 haloalkylthio, C1-4 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-4 haloalkylamino; Z is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, -S-, -O-, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more Rz: -NH- and -N(C1-6 alkyl)-; each Rz is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 haloalkylthio, C1-6 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-6 haloalkylamino; R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-12 alkyl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl C1-6 alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl C1-6 alkylene, 6- to 10-membered aryl C1-6 alkylene, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl C1-6 alkylene; each R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3b: =NH, =CH2, =N(C1-6 alkyl), =CH(C1-6 alkyl), =C(C1-6 100002 alkyl)2, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, and di-C1-6 alkylamino; each R3b is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, and di-C1-4 alkylamino; each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-6 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-6 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-6 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-6 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)ORC2, -OC(O)OC1-6 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)OC1-6 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-6 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-6 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-6 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-6 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-6 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-6 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-6 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-6 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -P(O)HORC2, -C1-6 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -C1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -C1-6 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-6 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-6 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-6 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -OC1-6 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, and -OC1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2; RC1 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-6 alkyl; RC2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RC3: C1-12 alkyl, C1-12 heteroalkyl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 6-to 10-membered aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl C1-6 alkylene, 3- to 12membered heterocyclyl C1-6 alkylene, 6- to 10-membered aryl C1-6 alkylene, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl C1-6 alkylene; each RC3 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -CN, -NH2, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, di-C1-4 alkylamino, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkoxy, C1-4 haloalkylthio, C1-4 haloalkylamino, di-C1-4 haloalkylamino, -P(O)(OH)2, -C1-4 alkylene P(O)(OH)2, -C1-4 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -OP(O)(OH)2, -OC1-4 alkylene P(O)(OH)2, -OC1-4 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -OC1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -P(O)HOH, -C1-4 alkylene P(O)HOH, -C1-4 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -NRC1P(O)HOH, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene P(O)HOH, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -OP(O)HOH, -OC1-4 alkylene P(O)HOH, -OC1-4 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -OC1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -C(O)NRC1C1-6 alkyl, -NRC1C(O)C1-6 alkyl, -NRC1C(O)OC1-6 alkyl, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-6 alkyl, -C(O)OC1-6 alkyl, -OC(O)C1-6 alkyl, -OC(O)OC1-6 alkyl, and -OC(O)NRC1C1-6 alkyl; R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy; each Rx, L1, R1, R2a, R2a1, R2b, RB, RA, RA1, Rz, R3, R3a, R3b, RC, RC1, RC2, RC3, or R4 is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents; provided that the compound of formula (I) comprises at least one RC. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: 3- to 12-membered cycloalkenyl, 3- to 12membered heterocycloalkenyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-12 alkyl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl C1-6 alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl C1-6 alkylene, 6- to 10-membered aryl C1-6 alkylene, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl C1-6 alkylene; each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -C1-6 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -NRC1P(O)(OH)2, and -NRC1C1-6 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 12membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl; ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC: 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkenyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl; 100002 R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-12 alkyl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl C1-6 alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl C1-6 alkylene, 6- to 10-membered aryl C1-6 alkylene, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl C1-6 alkylene; each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-6 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, and -C1-6 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2; RC1 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-6 alkyl; RC2 is independently selected from the group consisting of the following groups substituted with one or more RC3: C1-12 alkyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl C1-6 alkylene, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl C1-6 alkylene; each RC3 is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, and -OC(O)C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Rx is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, -OH, -NH2, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, di-C1-4 alkylamino, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkoxy, C1-4 haloalkylthio, C1-4 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-4 haloalkylamino. In some embodiments, Rx is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, -OH, -NH2, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkoxy, C1-3 haloalkylthio, C1-3 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-3 haloalkylamino. In some embodiments, Rx is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -NH2, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 haloalkyl, and C1-3 haloalkoxy. In some embodiments, Rx is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH2, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy. In some embodiments, X is selected from the group consisting of -N-, -CH-, -C(C1-6 alkyl)-, and -C(C1-6 haloalkyl)-. In some embodiments, X is selected from the group consisting of -N-, -CH-, -C(C1-3 alkyl)-, and -C(C1-3 haloalkyl)-. In some embodiments, X is selected from -N-. In some embodiments, L1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R1: -NH-, C2-4 alkylene, C1-3 heteroalkylene, C2-4 alkenylene, and C1-3 heteroalkenylene. In some embodiments, L1 is selected from the group consisting of -O- and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R1: -NH-, C2-4 alkylene, and C1-3 heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, L1 is selected from the group consisting of -O- and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R1: -NH-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2CH2-, -CH2OCH2-, -CH2CH2O-, -O(CH2)3-, -CH2OCH2CH2-, -CH2CH2OCH2-, -CH2CH2CH2O-, -NHCH2-, -NHCH2CH2-, -CH2NHCH2-, -CH2CH2NH-, -NH(CH2)3-, -CH2NHCH2CH2-, -CH2CH2NHCH2-, and -CH2CH2CH2NH-. In some embodiments, L1 is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R1: -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, -OCH2-, -OCH2CH2-, -O(CH2)3-, -NHCH2-, -NHCH2CH2-, and -NH(CH2)3-. In some embodiments, L1 is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R1: -(CH2)3-, -OCH2CH2-, and -NHCH2CH2-. In some embodiments, L1 is selected from -OCH2CH2- optionally substituted with one or more R1. In some embodiments, when X is selected from -N-, L1 is not selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -NH-, and -N(C1-6 alkyl)-. In some embodiments, each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, - 100002                                                   4 OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, di-C1-4 alkylamino, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkoxy, C1-4 haloalkylthio, C1-4 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-4 haloalkylamino. In some embodiments, each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkoxy, C1-3 haloalkylthio, C1-3 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-3 haloalkylamino. In some embodiments, each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 haloalkyl, and C1-3 haloalkoxy. In some embodiments, each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 haloalkyl, and C1-3 haloalkoxy. In some embodiments, each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH2, -CN, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, -CH2F, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy. In some embodiments, each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-3 alkyl and C1-3 fluoroalkyl. In some embodiments, each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl, and -CH2F. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: 3- to 10-membered cycloalkenyl, 3- to 10membered heterocycloalkenyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: 3- to 10-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 10membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from 5- to 10-membered heterocycloalkenyl optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 4- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: indolinyl, cyclopentenopyridinyl, dihydropyrrolopyridinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and tetrahydronaphthyridinyl. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: cyclopropanyl, cyclobutanyl, cyclopentanyl, cyclohexanyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, phenyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyranyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: cyclopentenylpyridinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, and tetrahydroisoquinolinyl. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: cyclopropanyl, cyclobutanyl, cyclopentanyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolyl, phenyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC 100002 and In some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more , phenyl, RB or RC: ,,,  , XNH , and . In some embodiments, L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from tetrahydroisoquinolinyl optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: phenyl and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: phenyl, and In some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from pyridinyl optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: and In some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC:          and In some embodiments, ring B is optionally substituted with one or more RB. In some embodiments, ring B is not substituted with RC. In some embodiments, L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB: embodiments, L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of and In some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of RB , rb rb Rb , Rc , Rc , Rc Rc, RB , and RB . rb In some embodiments, L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of HO OH , , , . cyclopropanyl, , cyclobutanyl, nh2 In some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of '2 , NH, NH- , , cyclopentanyl, , , , , , , . , N N In some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of '2 , Jp'OH 100002 A jA JL cyclopropanyl, ,^ ,^ n- o JAf A-        A X. , / , cyclopentanyl, X ^A2Anh2                  'nh ,,, rA         O A'N NH    N— A / vL ) ,                     , H , AN    X   [f / X'NH \         HN^        NH2 ,,, hnXH 7 OH 0 A^ N 0^       A^ N Va / °            \a 1 > nA         S' n7 'ho         ' h , A^ N \ H O O o , HO. pH        HQ p Cly^ 7'%   7% A + A     A + |A “XNH2    , A Xnh2   , and Ca1 p v ' / A N'V° H      z and ring B is selected from             ' 2   N   sA A             _ / OH     NH2 Ax ■ nh a\—         rA 0 , NH2 , / , / , cyclobutanyl, X. , X , AAOH      OH ‘jT^AoH A^AnH2 vO"NH2 ,,,  ,  , A\_ 7    [ A 7 i \ 7 i \_7   r?   r J / —NH   s 1   >~ N    >, 1 2"N    5 1      N      1__1     1__1 A"^           \        \ A2 \ >4    >< ,    ,    ,    ,,, HNZ nh2  X  AA  r%  An h  AA  fS Xa^n aA^n / v^t  Afn A'A   A^N    NH2    nh2    nh2    nh2 , ,,,,,, civ^             -xvn       rN „ U U At An-V™ A NH2 ,    “> NH2 ,            O OH ,        H OH , O oA'OH HN-7 0H <5 x ox             0 0 , H    , HA , "°Y^A                                   H0x pH °       Cl\        ry       Cl\_                 O'P^ * SVr A- A ” ,  ,,, HOxP Ok      O'F\ T - X- NH2    . in some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, . In some embodiments, L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of cyclopropanyl, \ / \ OH        NH2        N -   < \ '^N" cyclobutanyl, X. , X. , X. , / , vCSAnh2 jpCA"NH2 vCXnh2 vC3^~nh ,   ,, /   [—O ।—NH    r^A      A\     , C N  J 1 J 1   vX / NH vXzN~' ,,,  ,   , NH2     NH2     NH2              A       Z\ A, A, A, ^, / , / , vAA~oh %AA "°h A , , cyclopentanyl, —         , 2         ,^         , sA / "NH A Anh A AA •, A P-A a / /                       \         \ ,,,,, A i^NH    AnX N              . 00 T         , ,. . T, H ,^ /       , and          . In some embodiments, L2 100002 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of, NH2 nh2 ,                         , , , and nh2. In some , , selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of embodiments, L2 is 0 , , , . nh2 , and NH2 , In some embodiments, R2a is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R2a1: C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, di-C1-4 alkylamino, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl, and 4- to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, R2a is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and C1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more R2a1. In some embodiments, R2a is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R2a1: C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl, and 4- to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R2a is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -NH2, -CN, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R2a1: C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl, and 4- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R2a is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH2, -CN, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R2a1: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, methylthio, methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, cyclopropanyl, cyclobutanyl, cyclopentanyl, cyclohexanyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and piperazinyl. In some embodiments, R2a is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH2, -CN, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R2a1: methyl, methoxy, methylthio, methylamino, dimethylamino, cyclopropanyl, and azetidinyl. In some embodiments, R2a is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, methylamino, dimethylamino, and cyclopropanyl. 100002 In some embodiments, each R2a1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, di-C1-4 alkylamino, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkoxy, C1-4 haloalkylthio, C1-4 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-4 haloalkylamino. In some embodiments, each R2a1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkoxy, C1-3 haloalkylthio, C1-3 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-3 haloalkylamino. In some embodiments, each R2a1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 haloalkyl, and C1-3 haloalkoxy. In some embodiments, each R2a1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -NH2, -CN, methyl, methoxy, methylamino, dimethylamino, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy. In some embodiments, R2b is independently selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, di-C1-4 alkylamino, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkoxy, C1-4 haloalkylthio, C1-4 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-4 haloalkylamino. In some embodiments, R2b is independently selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkoxy, C1-3 haloalkylthio, C1-3 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-3 haloalkylamino. In some embodiments, R2b is independently selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 haloalkyl, and C1-3 haloalkoxy. In some embodiments, R2b is independently selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 haloalkyl, and C1-3 haloalkoxy. In some embodiments, R2b is independently selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH2, -CN, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, -CH2F, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy. In some embodiments, R2b is independently selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, -F, -Cl, methyl, -CH2F, and trifluoromethyl. In some embodiments, R2a is selected from methyl, and R2b is selected from the group consisting of H and deuterium. In some embodiments, R2a is selected from methyl, and R2b is selected from H. In some embodiments, each RB is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, di-C1-4 alkylamino, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkoxy, C1-4 haloalkylthio, C1-4 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-4 haloalkylamino. In some embodiments, each RB is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkoxy, C1-3 haloalkylthio, C1-3 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-3 haloalkylamino. In some embodiments, each RB is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -OH, -NH2, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, methylthio, methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, fluoromethyl, fluoromethoxy, fluoromethylamino, and fluorodimethylamino. In some embodiments, each RB is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -CN, -OH, -NH2, methyl, methoxy, methylthio, methylamino, dimethylamino, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy. In some embodiments, each RB is independently selected from the group consisting of -F, -Cl, -OH, -NH2, methyl, methylamino, and dimethylamino. In some embodiments, RB is selected from the group consisting of -F, -Cl, and -NH2. 100002 In some embodiments, ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC: 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 5- to 10-membered cycloalkenyl, 5- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC: benzo 4- to 6-membered cycloalkenyl, benzo 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC: phenyl, naphthyl, benzocyclohexenyl, benzocyclopentenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, furanyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyranyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzopyrimidinyl, benzothienyl, pyridopyrazolyl, and pyridopyrrolyl. In some embodiments, ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC: phenyl, naphthyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, indolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzothienyl, pyridopyrazolyl, and pyridopyrrolyl. In some embodiments, ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC: In some embodiments, ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC: phenyl, naphthyl, and benzothienyl. In some embodiments, ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC: . In some embodiments, ring A is selected from optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC. In some embodiments, ring A is selected from optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC. In some embodiments, ring A is selected from substituted with one or more RA or RC. optionally In some embodiments, ring A is optionally substituted with one or more RA. In some embodiments, ring A is not substituted with RC. In some embodiments, ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA: Rc , and ring A is selected from the group consisting of . In some embodiments, 100002 ~X 'tX ‘X In some embodiments, ring A is selected from the group consisting of 0H , 0H , 0H , OH , X' X:& X x x x -OH OH OH OH OH OH XX XX XX ,,,,,,,, , CF3       CF3     CF3       X3       X3        X3 CIY Y 7 Y Y °'V ^px Hxx OH        OH      NH2       NH2       NH2         NH2         q I ,,,,, ,  , Y               nh2      nh2     X3      X3    X2      OH   h2N V °v :yt,"ty,.....v y; -5 OH        OH       F         Cl        NH2       NH2    Cl         Cl      F^ ,  ,,  ,,,,  , CF3               f X 'M: lie ""'X X: 1, a> R. • r -¾ 7 I / F X . . . ; "X V X X ,,, , ,  ,,,,, HN X yJ X '5X X 'iv -4; .4 ,, ,,,,,, , , e t xr 5- '1 X '•? X X 4' ,, , ,,,,, ,, X X X X X X it X ,,,,,, ,,, F HzVN U*    "Ww hVsw ho. o H ,, syV J o oh H0' '0 XX hA kJ. «°-% XT IT                          I CF3          I CF3          f^^cf3 F ,                0 OH ,                       Cl , Cl ,                        I , 100002 HO HO HO' , , , . , HO-P-NH OH In some embodiments, ring A is selected from the group consisting of , , , ; in consisting of , HO , , , , , , and cf3 ■3 , some embodiments, ring A is selected from the group CF- CF- CF- 100002 OH        T       ....       ., T T ' T r Cl      NH2            1 kJ ,      ,, 1              Cl          1               9f3 z j NH2       oh     nh2        nh2 ,    ,,     , h2n >N S^FZ XX from the group consisting of F F , F           F XX. XX ( XXy n XX xXn XXy J T T t I HN-^ , NH2 , NH2 , HN-^ , h2n CV Xi > HNCV>    SY n't nff Z f    1 ^NH , HN^ , N- , and F^ F U*     HV°- F        HC>F HN^O.p / OH         ° consisting of            6' OH , HQ                H°     XX hoX XX F Y cf3 , HOX X1.^             ho"R t F F F"y^CF3 , 0 HO-P-NH FFx W        OH ~ 0            HO-P-O FN.H CN      O ^NH CN ‘     T >               ,                                       , an F        N CF3                   H2N\XF XX Xf TT TT XX   t f i TF     TF    TF   hiF       ci     ci ,  ,,,  ,, CF3 X fZ nh2 , and FT ; in some embodiments, ring A is selected f\ X U M         F /         / N=\      h2n HzN cn fFF HXFF   Zn sX\F  \n IX  SyXy XXf Yf t   V- I J nYFf FT          nh2       f       f           hn-n ,,, ,, F           F I F AX F / cX CCz CCz fXt w X^N   X^N N^X N^X ^.N nX-Z ।          ,             ।          ,             ।          , F         , F         , I , . In some embodiments, ring A is selected from the group H               HO H XX Ho o XX HcrZ YX Y^cf3         TCF3      ° f>V'-cf3 ci                           ci ,,   , 0 H p'NYT H                             HO 3        1         H 0H o XJX                    o XXX yxF3                    t^f3 Cl                                                            Cl ,                                                                                                         , ?H HO-P-O 6 ^NH X H                                               O :X ,                                                                                            , OH HO-P-NH CN 0 W X 1 d     F"V . In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA1: C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, di-C1-4 alkylamino, 3- to 10-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 10- 100002 membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA1: C1-3 alkyl, C2-3 alkenyl, C2-3 alkynyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 4- to 7membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -OH, -NH2, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA1: methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, propynyl, methoxy, methylthio, methylamino, dimethylamino, 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl, and 4- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -CN, -OH, -NH2, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA1: methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, propynyl, methoxy, methylthio, methylamino, dimethylamino, cyclopropanyl, cyclobutanyl, oxetanyl, and azetidinyl. In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -CN, -OH, -NH2, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA1: methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, propynyl, methoxy, methylthio, methylamino, dimethylamino, and cyclopropanyl. In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -CN, -OH, -NH2, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, propynyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxymethylene, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, methylamino, dimethylamino, methylthio, trifluoromethylthio, and cyclopropanyl optionally substituted with -F, -Cl, -Br, or methyl. In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -CN, -OH, -NH2, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, ethynyl, propynyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, dimethylamino, methylthio, and cyclopropanyl substituted with methyl. In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -CN, -OH, -NH2, methyl, ethyl, ethynyl, and trifluoromethyl. In some embodiments, each RA1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkoxy, C1-3 haloalkylthio, C1-3 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-3 haloalkylamino. In some embodiments, each RA1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -NH2, -CN, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, methoxy, methylthio, methylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, fluoromethyl, and fluoromethoxy. In some embodiments, each RA1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH2, -CN, methyl, methoxy, methylthio, methylamino, dimethylamino, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy. In some embodiments, each RA1 is independently selected from the group consisting of -F, -Cl, -Br, and methyl. In some embodiments, Z is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, -S-, -O-, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more Rz: -NH- and -N(C1-6 alkyl)-. In some embodiments, Z is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, -S-, -O-, -NH-, and -N(C1-4 alkyl)-. In some embodiments, Z is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, -S-, -O-, -NH-, and -N(C1-3 alkyl)-. In some embodiments, Z is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, -O-, -NH-, and -N(CH3)-. In some embodiments, Z is selected from -O-. In some embodiments, each Rz is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, di-C1-4 alkylamino, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkoxy, C1-4 haloalkylthio, C1-4 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-4 haloalkylamino. 100002 In some embodiments, each Rz is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkoxy, C1-3 haloalkylthio, C1-3 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-3 haloalkylamino. In some embodiments, each Rz is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 haloalkyl, and C1-3 haloalkoxy. In some embodiments, each Rz is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH2, -CN, methyl, methoxy, methylamino, dimethylamino, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is selected from heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is selected from partially unsaturated heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, the 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl is selected from the group consisting of 3- to 12membered heterocycloalkyl and benzo 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, the 3- to 12membered heterocyclyl C1-6 alkylene is selected from the group consisting of 3- to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl C1-6 alkylene and benzo 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl C1-6 alkylene. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-6 alkyl, 3- to 10-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 10-membered cycloalkyl C1-4 alkylene, 3- to 10membered heterocyclyl C1-4 alkylene, 6- to 10-membered aryl C1-4 alkylene, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl C1-4 alkylene. In some embodiments, the 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl is selected from the group consisting of 3- to 10membered heterocycloalkyl and benzo 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, the 3- to 10membered heterocyclyl C1-4 alkylene is selected from the group consisting of 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl C1-4 alkylene and benzo 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl C1-4 alkylene. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-4 alkyl, 3- to 10-membered cycloalkyl, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 10-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene, phenyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, the 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl is selected from the group consisting of 4- to 10membered heterocycloalkyl and benzo 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, the 4- to 10membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene is selected from the group consisting of 4- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene and benzo 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl and 3- to 10membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of 4- to 10-membered and 4- to 9-membered and 4- to 8-membered and 5- to 9-membered heterocyclyl groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of 4- to 10-membered and 4- to 9-membered and 4- to 8-membered and 5- to 9membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of 4- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl and 4- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of 4- to 10-membered and 4- to 9-membered and 4- to 8membered and 5- to 9-membered heterocycloalkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of 4- to 10-membered and 4- to 9-membered and 4- to 8-membered and 5- to 9-membered heterocycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-4 alkyl, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene, phenyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-4 alkyl, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 100002 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-4 alkyl, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-4 alkyl, 4- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 4- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, azetidinyl, tetrahydropyrrolyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizinyl, 5-azaspiro[2.4]heptanyl, tetrahydro-1'H,3'H-pyrrolo[cyclopropane-1,2'-pyrrolidine], cyclopropyl C1-3 alkylene, cyclobutyl C1-3 alkylene, cyclopentyl C1-3 alkylene, cyclohexyl C1-3 alkylene, azetidinyl C1-3 alkylene, tetrahydropyrrolyl C1-3 alkylene, morpholinyl C1-3 alkylene, piperidinyl C1-3 alkylene, piperazinyl C1-3 alkylene, hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizinyl C1-3 alkylene, hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazinyl, hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazinyl C1-3 alkylene, 5-azaspiro[2.4]heptanyl C1-3 alkylene, tetrahydro-1'H,3'H-pyrrolo[cyclopropane-1,2'-pyrrolidine]C1-3 alkylene, and imidazolyl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, azetidinyl, tetrahydropyrrolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, cyclopropyl C1-3 alkylene, cyclobutyl C1-3 alkylene, cyclopentyl C1-3 alkylene, azetidinyl C1-3 alkylene, tetrahydropyrrolyl C1-3 alkylene, morpholinyl C1-3 alkylene, piperidinyl C1-3 alkylene, piperazinyl C1-3 alkylene, hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizinyl C1-3 alkylene, hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazinyl C1-3 alkylene, 5-azaspiro[2.4]heptanyl C1-3 alkylene, tetrahydro-1'H,3'H-pyrrolo[cyclopropane-1,2'-pyrrolidine]C1-3 alkylene, and imidazolyl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, , and In some embodiments, R3 is selected from hexahydro-lH-pyrrolizinyl C1-3 alkylene optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from R3a optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from R3a ' optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, 100002 R3 is selected from R3a . In some embodiments, R3 is selected from R3a In some embodiments, R3 is selected from tetrahydropyrrolyl C1-3 alkylene optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from HN-- / optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC. R3\ rc In some embodiments, R3 is selected from r3\ rc V*^n'+ optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from \ Rc V\.N + optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from \ Rc V*^n'+ optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from      —'    optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from R3a\ R3a । Rc                                                     R3a R3a Rc . In some embodiments, R3 is selected from In some embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, R3 is not substituted with RC. In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, methyl, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 100002 , , , , ,,,,   ,   ,   ,   ,   , _ / ^F                            ,— /   D D / F D D __r D D Z D D / F D D Z , 0. PH P0H 0 _PH OH 0. PH OH OH %; d' 0H °'p° y OH %° d' 0H 100002 ,                              , 0_PH OH 0_PH OH 0_PH OH , , , , , , 0_P OH d' 0H ,                             , 0_PH OH 0_PH OH 0. / OH , , , , , , , O._ / ^ OH , %; OH , OH , ,                             , 0. PH P0H O._PH OH O._PH OH , , , O._ / OH %; OH OH , , , , , , 0. PH P0H 0_PH OH O_PH OH "OH %'0 OH °'P° 0 0H %? d' OH O OH X _ , / -07 o N + 0 OH X -s / -07 o N + 0 OH X _ , and , . In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of , , , , , , , and , , and , , , , , . In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of . In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of . In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of . In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of 100002 Ck_ / co OH 0. / 0 / ' 0. / ,O. / . O._ / ° o.P n. ,o. / . In some embodiments, R3 is selected from the group consisting of 0. / 0H / "OH , F O._ / OH OH , OH OH , OH / OH / OH , and 0. / 0H P0H , o._ / OH OH , 0. / 0H P0H O._ / OH , OH OH , OH OH , OH - OH , 0. / 0H P0H O. / OH Pv^ d' OH 0._ / ° °y d' OH OH , °'PP ' OH , °'PP / OH , , and In some embodiments, the position of each R3a substitution is independently selected from a cyclic moiety and / or an alkylene moiety in R3. In some embodiments, the position of each R3a substitution is a cyclic moiety in R3. In some embodiments, the position of each R3a substitution is an alkylene moiety in R3. In some embodiments, each R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3b: =NH, =CH2, =N(C1-4 alkyl), =CH(C1-4 alkyl), =C(C1-4 alkyl)2, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, and di-C1-4 alkylamino. In some embodiments, each R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -NH2, -CN, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3b: =NH, =CH2, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, methylthio, methylamino, ethylamino, and dimethylamino. 100002 In some embodiments, each R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH2, -CN, =CH2, =CHF, =CF2, methyl, methoxy, methylamino, dimethylamino, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and dimethylaminomethylene. In some embodiments, each R3b is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, and di-C1-3 alkylamino. In some embodiments, each R3b is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -NH2, -CN, methoxy, ethoxy, methylthio, methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, and diethylamino. In some embodiments, each R3b is independently selected from the group consisting of -F, -Cl, -NH2, methyl, methoxy, methylamino, and dimethylamino. In some embodiments, ring B is optionally substituted with one or more RC and optionally substituted with one or more RB; ring A is optionally substituted with one or more RC and optionally substituted with one or more RA; R3 is optionally substituted with one or more RC and optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, ring B is optionally substituted with one RC and optionally substituted with one or more RB; ring A is optionally substituted with one RC and optionally substituted with one or more RA; R3 is optionally substituted with one RC and optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, ring B is substituted with one or more RC and optionally substituted with one or more RB. In some embodiments, ring B is substituted with one RC and optionally substituted with one or more RB. In some embodiments, ring B is substituted with one or more RC and optionally substituted with one or more RB; ring A is not substituted with RC and optionally substituted with one or more RA; R3 is not substituted with RC and optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, ring B is substituted with one RC and optionally substituted with one or more RB; ring A is not substituted with RC and optionally substituted with one or more RA; R3 is not substituted with RC and optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, ring A is substituted with one or more RC and optionally substituted with one or more RA. In some embodiments, ring A is substituted with one RC and optionally substituted with one or more RA. In some embodiments, ring A is substituted with one or more RC and optionally substituted with one or more RA; ring B is not substituted with RC and optionally substituted with one or more RB; R3 is not substituted with RC and optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, ring A is substituted with one RC and optionally substituted with one or more RA; ring B is not substituted with RC and optionally substituted with one or more RB; R3 is not substituted with RC and optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, R3 is substituted with one or more RC and optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, R3 is substituted with one RC and optionally substituted with one or more R3a. In some embodiments, R3 is substituted with one or more RC and optionally substituted with one or more R3a; ring A is not substituted with RC and optionally substituted with one or more RA; ring B is not substituted with RC and optionally substituted with one or more RB. In some embodiments, R3 is substituted with one RC and optionally substituted with one or more R3a; ring A is not substituted with RC and optionally substituted with one or more RA; ring B is not substituted with RC and optionally substituted with one or more RB. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) comprises one, two, three, four, five, or six RC. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) comprises one or two RC. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) has one and only one RC. In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-4 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-4 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-4 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-4 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)ORC2, -OC(O)OC1-4 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)OC1-4 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-4 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-4 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, - 100002 OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-4 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-4 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -P(O)HORC2, -C1-4 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -C1-4 alkylene NRC1 P(O)HORC2, -C1-4 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-4 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -OC1-4 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, and -OC1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)ORC2, -OC(O)OC1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)OC1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-3 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, and -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)ORC2, -OC(O)OC1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)OC1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, and -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)ORC2, -OC(O)OC1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, and -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)ORC2, -OC(O)OC1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1RC2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, and -NRC1P(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -C1-2 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-2 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, and -NRC1P(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -C1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, and -NRC1P(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-4 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-4 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -P(O)HORC2, -C1-4 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -C1-4 alkylene NRC1 P(O)HORC2, -C1-4 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-4 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -OC1-4 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, and -OC1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, - 100002 NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-3 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, and -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, and -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(OH)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1P(O)HOH, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -OP(O)HOH, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, and -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -C1-2 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -C1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-2 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -OP(O)(OH)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -OC1-2 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -C1-2 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -C1-2 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -NRC1P(O)HOH, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -OP(O)HOH, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)HOH, and -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH. 0      0 In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of 100002 RC In some embodiments, each , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , '2 , and ; in some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of      H oh , and is independently selected from the group consisting of >xnh2 . In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of . In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of ^0^^, embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of 100002 ; in some o                                                                                       o A /                                                                      p'oh . 0 N T         , ,.   .     ,    . ......... „           .... A'%H and I . In some embodiments, each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of H , 0 ; I OH nA'%h H o           o ' ,0H   ,       ioOH P      A       P. OH       O' OH , . o                I H V°' o N^O.p'P HO' 0H H ny°. o H O N'P° HO OH i'0' N n H 0- o n'h H H , .0 0 ° 0 ,0 , ^0' XOH, ^OH °H, and . °',0 NRn H 0- In some embodiments, RC1 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, RC1 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, RC1 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl. In some embodiments, RC1 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and methyl. In some embodiments, RC1 is independently selected from H. In some embodiments, RC2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RC3: C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 heteroalkyl, 3- to 10-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 10membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 10-membered cycloalkyl C1-6 alkylene, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl C1-6 alkylene, 6- to 10-membered aryl C1-6 alkylene, and 5- to 10membered heteroaryl C1-6 alkylene. In some embodiments, RC2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RC3: C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 heteroalkyl, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 8membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl C1-4 alkylene, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl C1-4 alkylene, 6- to 10-membered aryl C1-4 alkylene, and 5- to 10membered heteroaryl C1-4 alkylene. In some embodiments, RC2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RC3: C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl, 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 6membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 3- to 6membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene, phenyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, the “heteroalkyl” moiety in RC2 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkoxyalkylene, alkylaminoalkylene,     dialkylaminoalkylene,     alkoxyalkyleneoxy, alkoxyalkyleneamino, alkylaminoalkyleneoxy, alkylaminoalkyleneamino, dialkylaminoalkyleneoxy, and dialkylaminoalkyleneamino. In some embodiments, RC2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RC3: C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 alkoxy C1-3 alkylene, C1-3 alkylamino C1-3 alkylene, di-C1-2 alkylamino C1-2 alkylene, C1-3 alkoxy C1-3 alkyleneoxy, C1-3 alkoxy C1-3 alkyleneamino, C1-3 alkylamino C1-3 alkyleneoxy, C1-3 alkylamino C1-3 alkyleneamino, di-C1-2 alkylamino C1-2 alkyleneoxy, di-C1-2 alkylamino C1-2 alkyleneamino, 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 6membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 3- to 6membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene, phenyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, RC2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RC3: C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-4 alkoxy C1-2 alkylene, C1-4 alkylamino C1-2 alkylene, di-C1-2 alkylamino C1-2 alkylene, C1-4 alkoxy C1-2 alkyleneoxy, C1-4 alkoxy C1-2 alkyleneamino, C1-4 alkylamino C1-2 alkyleneoxy, C1-4 alkylamino C1-2 alkyleneamino, di-C1-2 alkylamino C1-2 alkyleneoxy, di-C1-2 alkylamino C1-2 alkyleneamino, 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 6membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 3- to 6membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene, phenyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, RC2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and the following groups 100002 optionally substituted with one or more RC3: C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-5 alkoxymethylene, C1-5 alkylaminomethylene, di-C1-2 alkylaminomethylene, C1-5 alkoxymethyleneoxy, C1-5 alkoxymethyleneamino, C1-5 alkylaminomethyleneoxy, C1-5 alkylaminomethyleneamino, di-C1-2 alkylaminomethyleneoxy, di-C1-2 alkylaminomethyleneamino, 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene, phenyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, RC2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RC3: C1-6 alkyl, 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene, phenyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, RC2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RC3: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tertbutyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dioxolyl, phenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, cyclopropyl C1-3 alkylene, cyclobutyl C1-3 alkylene, cyclopentyl C1-3 alkylene, cyclohexyl C1-3 alkylene, azetidinyl C1-3 alkylene, oxetanyl C1-3 alkylene, pyrrolidinyl C1-3 alkylene, tetrahydrofuranyl C1-3 alkylene, piperidinyl C1-3 alkylene, tetrahydropyranyl C1-3 alkylene, piperazinyl C1-3 alkylene, morpholinyl C1-3 alkylene, dioxolyl C1-3 alkylene, phenyl C1-3 alkylene, pyrrolyl C1-3 alkylene, pyrazolyl C1-3 alkylene, imidazolyl C1-3 alkylene, pyridinyl C1-3 alkylene, pyridazinyl C1-3 alkylene, pyrimidinyl C1-3 alkylene, and pyrazinyl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, RC2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RC3: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tertbutyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, cyclopentyl C1-3 alkylene, tetrahydropyranyl C1-3 alkylene, dioxolyl C1-3 alkylene, and phenyl C1-3 alkylene. In some embodiments, RC2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RC3: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-r'o / / x . I I To butyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, cyclopentylmethylene, , 0- / , benzyl, and phenylethylidene. , n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, , n- , , H, methyl, ethyl, In some embodiments, RC2 is independently selected from the group consisting of y,NH2 XxNH2 XxNH2 propyl, isopropyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, cyclopentylmethylene, H o N ,0 P HO X°H , H o HO "0H H0 , and o In some embodiments, each RC3 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -CN, -NH2, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkoxy, C1-3 haloalkylthio, C1-3 haloalkylamino, di-C1-3 haloalkylamino, -P(O)(OH)2, -C1-3 alkylene P(O)(OH)2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -OP(O)(OH)2, -OC1-3 alkylene P(O)(OH)2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -P(O)HOH, -C1-3 alkylene P(O)HOH, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -NRC1P(O)HOH, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene P(O)HOH, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -OP(O)HOH, -OC1-3 alkylene P(O)HOH, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -C(O)NRC1C1-4 alkyl, -NRC1C(O)C1-4 alkyl, -NRC1C(O)OC1-4 alkyl, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-4 alkyl, -C(O)OC1-4 alkyl, -OC(O)C1-4 alkyl, -OC(O)OC1-4 alkyl, and -OC(O)NRC1C1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, each RC3 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -CN, -NH2, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, methoxy, methylthio, methylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, fluoromethyl, fluoromethoxy, -C1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -C1-2 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-2 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -OP(O)(OH)2, -OC1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -OC1-2 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -C1-2 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -C1-2 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -NRC1P(O)HOH, - 100002 NRC1C1-2 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -NRC1C1-2 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -OP(O)HOH, -OC1-2 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -OC1-2 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -C(O)NRC1C1-4 alkyl, -NRC1C(O)C1-4 alkyl, -C(O)OC1-4 alkyl, and -OC(O)C1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, each RC3 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH2, methyl, methoxy, methylthio, methylamino, dimethylamino, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, -NHP(O)(OH)2, -NHC1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -NHC1-2 alkylene NHP(O)(OH)2, -OP(O)(OH)2, -OC1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -OC1-2 alkylene NHP(O)(OH)2, -NHP(O)HOH, -NHC1-2 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -NHC1-2 alkylene NHP(O)HOH, -OP(O)HOH, -OC1-2 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -OC1-2 alkylene NHP(O)HOH, -C(O)NRC1C1-4 alkyl, -NRC1C(O)C1-4 alkyl, -C(O)OC1-4 alkyl, and -OC(O)C1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, each RC3 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH2, methyl, methoxy, methylthio, methylamino, dimethylamino, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, -NHP(O)(OH)2, -NHC1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -NHC1-2 alkylene NHP(O)(OH)2, -OP(O)(OH)2, -OC1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -OC1-2 alkylene NHP(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C(O)C1-4 alkyl, -C(O)OC1-4 alkyl, and -OC(O)C1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, each RC3 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -o           o           o . ".OH . ".OH          . II ^N'PxOH ^Vo^OH OH, -NH2, methyl, H , H , and I . In some embodiments, R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 haloalkyl, and C1-4 haloalkoxy. In some embodiments, R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 haloalkyl, and C1-3 haloalkoxy. In some embodiments, R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, methyl, methoxy, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy. In some embodiments, R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, -F, and -Cl. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is selected from an onium ion compound. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is selected from a mono-onium ion compound. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is selected from a bis-onium ion compound. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is selected from a nitrogen-onium ion compound. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is selected from an onium ion compound formed in the ring A moiety. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is selected from an onium ion compound formed in the ring B moiety. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is selected from an onium ion compound formed in the R3 moiety. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is selected from an onium ion compound, wherein each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -C1-6 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-6 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-6 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -C1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, and -C1-6 alkylene OP(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is selected from an onium ion compound, wherein each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -C1-4 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, and -C1-4 alkylene OP(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is selected from an onium ion compound, wherein each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -C1-2 alkylene P(O)(OH)2, -C1-2 alkylene NHP(O)(OH)2, and -C1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from an onium ion compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is selected from an onium ion compound, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of formula (I) is selected from an inner salt. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is selected from an onium ion compound, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of formula (I) is selected from a hydrochloride. 100002 In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is selected from an onium ion compound, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of formula (I) is selected from a monohydrochloride. In some embodiments, the C1-12 is selected from the group consisting of C1-10, C1-8, C1-6, C1-4, C1-3, and C1-2. In some embodiments, the C1-6 alkyl is selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl, and C1-2 alkyl. In some embodiments, the C1-6 alkylene is selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkylene, C1-3 alkylene, and C1-2 alkylene. In some embodiments, the halogen is selected from the group consisting of -F, -Cl, -Br, and -I. In some embodiments, the halo is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, and bromo. In some embodiments, the halo is selected from the group consisting of fluoro and chloro. In some embodiments, the halo is selected from fluoro. In some embodiments, the “3- to 12-membered” is selected from the group consisting of 3- to 10-membered, 3- to 8-membered, 3- to 6-membered, 4- to 10-membered, 4- to 9-membered, 4- to 8-membered, 4- to 7-membered, 4- to 6-membered, 5- to 10-membered, 5- to 8-membered, and 5- to 6-membered. In some embodiments, the heteroalkylene contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S. In some embodiments, the heteroalkylene contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N and O. In some embodiments, the heteroalkylene contains 1 N atom and 1 O atom. In some embodiments, the heteroalkylene contains 1 N atom. In some embodiments, the heteroalkylene contains 1 O atom. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N and O. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl contains 1 N atom. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl contains 1 O atom. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl contains 1 N atom and 1 O atom. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl or heteroaryl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl or heteroaryl contains 1 or 2 N atoms. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl or heteroaryl contains 1 N atom and 1 O atom. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl or heteroaryl contains 1 N atom and 1 S atom. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl or heterocycloalkyl includes a monocyclic ring, a spiro ring, a fused ring, and a bridged ring. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl or heterocycloalkyl includes a monocyclic ring, a fused ring, and a spiro ring. In some embodiments, the “one or more” in the present disclosure may refer to an integer ranging from one to ten. For example, “one or more” refers to one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten; or “one or more” refers to one, two, three, four, five, or six; or “one or more” refers to one, two, three, or four; or “one or more” refers to one, two, or three; or “one or more” refers to one or two. The present disclosure relates to compounds of formulas (II), (III), (III-1), (III-1a), (IV-1), (IV-2), and (IV-3) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, 100002 wherein the moieties L1, R1, R2a, R2b, R3, R4, RA, RB, RC, Z, ring A, and ring B are as defined above; n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; p is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; q is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. In some embodiments, n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3. In some embodiments, m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3. In some embodiments, p is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3. In some embodiments, q is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3. In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to compounds of formulas (A), (A-1), (B), (B-1), (C), (D), (E), (E-1), (F), (F-1), (G), and (H) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, 100002 , wherein the moieties L1, L2, X, R3a, R2a, R2b, R3, R4, RB, RC, R1, Z, ring A, and ring B are as defined above; n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; p is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. In some embodiments, RC is selected from the group consisting of -C1-6 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-6 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-6 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -C1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, and -C1-6 alkylene OP(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, RC is selected from the group consisting of -C1-4 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, and -C1-4 alkylene OP(O)HORC2. In some embodiments, RC is selected from the group consisting of -C1-2 alkylene P(O)(OH)2, -C1-2 alkylene NHP(O)(OH)2, and -C1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2. In some embodiments, n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3. In some embodiments, m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3. In some embodiments, p is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3. In some embodiments, the compound disclosed herein does not include a compound of a formula selected from the group consisting of the following formulas, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 100002 and In some embodiments, the present disclosure encompasses the variables defined above and embodiments thereof, as well as any combination thereof. The present disclosure further relates to a compound of a formula selected from the group consisting of the following formulas, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 100002 100002 100002                                                35 100002 100002 100002 The present disclosure further relates to a compound of a formula selected from the group consisting of the following formulas, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 100002 100002 100002 100002 100002 100002 The present disclosure further relates to a compound of a formula selected from the group consisting of the following formulas, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 100002 100002 100002 100002 100002 100002 100002 100002 100002 100002 100002 100002 100002 HO OH In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition, which comprises the compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present disclosure described above. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for treating a disease in a mammal, comprising administering to a mammal, preferably a human, in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of the compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present disclosure, or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to use of the compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present disclosure, or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure for preparing a medicament for treating a disease. In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to use of the compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present disclosure, or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure for treating a disease. In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to the compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present disclosure, or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure for use in treating a disease. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the disease is preferably a Kras-associated disease. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras-associated disease is preferably a Kras-mutated cancer. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras-associated disease is selected from a cancer (e.g., pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, or multiple myeloma). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras-associated disease is preferably a Kras G12D-associated disease. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras G12D-associated disease is preferably a Kras G12D-mutated cancer. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras G12D-associated disease is selected from a cancer (e.g., pancreatic cancer). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras-associated disease is preferably a Kras G12V-associated disease. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras G12V-associated disease is preferably a Kras G12V-mutated cancer. 100002 In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras G12V-associated disease is selected from a cancer (e.g., pancreatic cancer). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras-associated disease is preferably a Kras G12C-associated disease. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras G12C-associated disease is preferably a Kras G12C-mutated cancer. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras G12C-associated disease is selected from a cancer (e.g., nonsmall cell lung cancer). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras-associated disease is preferably a Kras G12A-associated disease. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras G12A-associated disease is preferably a Kras G12A-mutated cancer. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras G12A-associated disease is selected from a cancer (e.g., multiple myeloma). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras-associated disease is preferably a Kras G13D-associated disease. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras G13D-associated disease is preferably a Kras G13D-mutated cancer. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the Kras G13D-associated disease is selected from a cancer (e.g., colon cancer). Technical Effects The compounds of the present disclosure or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof include those compounds of the examples which have relatively high Kras inhibitory activity (e.g., Kras G12D and / or Kras G12V nucleotide exchange inhibitory activity), cell proliferation inhibitory activity (e.g., AsPc-1 cells and / or Capan-1 cells and / or NCI-H358 cells and / or HCT-116 cells and / or RPMI-8226 cells), and in vivo anti-tumor activity (e.g., AsPc-1 cell NOD-SCID mouse subcutaneous xenograft tumor model, NCI-H358 cell CB17-SCID mouse subcutaneous xenograft tumor model, Capan-1 cell nude mouse subcutaneous xenograft tumor model), while showing good stability, bioavailability, and / or other pharmacokinetic parameters in in vitro liver microsome stability and in vivo pharmacokinetics (e.g., mouse and / or rat and / or dog) studies. The compounds of the present disclosure or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof include those compounds of the examples which have good safety, e.g., a larger safety window. Definitions Unless otherwise stated, the following terms used in the present disclosure shall have the following meanings. A certain term, unless otherwise specifically defined, should not be considered uncertain or unclear, but interpreted according to its common meaning in the art. When referring to a trade name, it is intended to refer to its corresponding commercial product or its active ingredient. The term “substituted” means that any one or more hydrogen atoms or any one or more lone pair electrons on a specific atom are replaced with a substituent, as long as the valence of the specific atom is normal and the substitution results in a stable compound. When the substituent is oxo (i.e., =O), it means that two hydrogen atoms are substituted; oxo substitutions do not occur on aromatic groups. Non-limiting examples of the “substituent” described herein include, but are not limited to, hydroxy, sulfydryl, halogen, amino, nitro, nitroso, cyano, an azide group, a sulfoxide group, a sulfone group, a sulfonamide group, carboxy, a carboxaldehyde group, an imine group, alkyl, halo-alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo-cycloalkyl, alkenyl, halo-alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, halo-cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, halo-alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, halo-cycloalkynyl, heteroalkyl, halo-heteroalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkylthio, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylthio, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkoxy, heteroarylalkylthio, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylthio, heterocyclylalkylene, heterocyclylalkoxy, heterocyclylalkylthio, acyl, acyloxy, a carbamate group, 100002 an amido group, ureido, an epoxy group, an ester group, and the like, wherein the groups are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, carboxy, -C(O)O-alkyl, -OC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NH-alkyl, -C(O)N(alkyl)2, -NHC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)-alkyl, -S(O)-alkyl, -S(O)2-alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NH-alkyl, -S(O)2N(alkyl)2, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkylene, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylene, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkylene, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylene, heteroaryloxy, aryl, arylalkylene, and aryloxy. The term “replaced” means that a particular atom or group can be replaced with another atom or group as specified. For example, 1 or 2 or 3 of the -CH2- in -CH2CH2CH2- may be replaced with O, S, or NH to give -O-CH2-CH2-, -O-CH2-, -CH2-O-CH2-, -CH2-O-, -CH2-CH2-O-, -O-, or the like. The term “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not. For example, ethyl “optionally” substituted with halogen means that the ethyl may be unsubstituted (CH2CH3), monosubstituted (e.g., CH2CH2F), polysubstituted (e.g., CHFCH2F, CH2CHF2, etc.), or fully substituted (CF2CF3). It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that for any group comprising one or more substituents, no substitution or substitution pattern that is sterically impossible and / or cannot be synthesized is introduced. The “or” and “alternatively” herein may be used interchangeably with “and / or”. Cm-n used herein means that the moiety has an integer number of carbon atoms in the given range. For example, “C1-6” means that the group may have 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms, or 6 carbon atoms. When any variable (e.g., R) occurs more than once in the constitution or structure of a compound, the definition of the variable in each case is independent. Therefore, for example, if a group is substituted with 2 R, the definition of each R is independent. When the number of connecting groups is 0, for example, -(CH2)0-, it means that the connecting group is a covalent bond. When a variable is selected from a covalent bond, it means that the two groups are directly connected. For example, in A-L-Z, when L represents a covalent bond, it means that the structure is actually A-Z. When the direction for connection of the listed connecting group is not specified, the direction for connecting is arbitrary. For example, in A-L-Z, when the connecting group L is -M-W-, it means that the structure may be A-M-W-Z or A-W-M-Z. When a bond of a substituent is crosslinked to two atoms on a ring, the substituent can be bonded to any atoms on the ring. For example, a structural unit or represents that substitution may occur in any one position of cyclohexyl or cyclohexadienyl. The term “halo” or “halogen” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. The term “hydroxy” refers to an -OH group. The term “cyano” refers to a -CN group. The term “sulfydryl” refers to an -SH group. The term “amino” refers to an -NH2 group. The term “nitro” refers to an -NO2 group. The term “alkylene” refers to saturated linear or branched divalent hydrocarbyl with a general formula of CnH2n and usually has 1 to 12, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. For example, the term “C1-6 alkylene” refers to alkylene containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of alkylene include, but are not limited to, methylene (-CH2-), ethylene (-CH2CH2-), propylene (-CH2CH2CH2- or -CH2CH(CH3)-), butylene (-CH2CH2CH2CH2-, -CH2CH(CH3)CH2-, or -CH2CH2CH(CH3)-), and the like. The alkylene is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyloxy, 100002 heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, aryl, and aryloxy. The term “heteroalkylene” refers to alkylene in which one or more carbon atoms (and the hydrogen atoms to which they are connected) are each independently replaced with the same or different heteroatom groups. Unless otherwise indicated, the heteroalkylene contains 1, 2, or 3 heteroatom groups, non-limiting examples of which include O, S, N, and NH, and usually has 1 to 12, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. For example, the term “C1-6 heteroalkylene” refers to heteroalkylene containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms and 1-3 heteroatom groups. The heteroatom group can be placed in any position (e.g., internal or terminal position) on the heteroalkylene, including a position where the alkylene is connected to the rest of the molecule. Usually, where more than one heteroatom group is present, the heteroatoms are not adjacent to each other. Non-limiting examples of heteroalkylene include, but are not limited to, -OCH2-, -OCH2CH2-, -OCH2CH2CH2-, -CH2OCH2-, -OCH2O-, -OCH2CH2O-, -OCH2OCH2CH2-, -SCH2-, -SCH2CH2-, -SCH2CH2CH2-, -CH2SCH2-, -SCH2S-, -SCH2CH2S-, -SCH2SCH2CH2-, -NHCH2-, -NHCH2CH2-, -NHCH2CH2CH2-, -CH2NHCH2-, -N(CH3)CH2-, -CH2N(CH3)-, -OCH2NH-, -OCH2CH2NH-, -OCH2NHCH2CH2-, -OCH2N(CH3)CH2-, and the like. The heteroalkylene is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, aryl, and aryloxy. The term “alkyl” refers to saturated hydrocarbyl with a general formula of CnH2n+1 and usually has 1 to 12, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. The alkyl may be linear or branched and usually has 1 to 12, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, or 1 to 3 carbon atoms. For example, the term “C1-6 alkyl” refers to alkyl containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, neopentyl, hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, etc.). The alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, aryl, and aryloxy. Similarly, the alkyl moieties (i.e., alkyl) of alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylsulfonyl, and alkylthio have the same definition as described above. The term “heteroalkyl” refers to alkyl in which one or more carbon atoms (and the hydrogen atoms to which they are connected) are each independently replaced with the same or different heteroatom groups. Unless otherwise indicated, the heteroalkyl contains 1, 2, or 3 heteroatom groups, non-limiting examples of which include O, S, N, and NH, and usually has 1 to 12, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. For example, the term “C1-6 heteroalkyl” refers to heteroalkyl containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms and 1-3 heteroatom groups. The heteroatom group can be placed in any position (e.g., internal or terminal position) on the heteroalkyl, including a position where the heteroalkyl is connected to the rest of the molecule. Usually, where more than one heteroatom group is present, the heteroatom groups are not adjacent to each other. Exemplary heteroalkyl includes, but is not limited to, alkoxy, alkoxyalkylene, alkylamino, alkylaminoalkylene, dialkylamino, dialkylaminoalkylene, and the like. The heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, aryl, and aryloxy. The term “alkoxy” refers to -O-alkyl and usually has 1 to 12, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. The alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, aryl, and aryloxy. The term “alkylamino” refers to -NH-alkyl and usually has 1 to 12, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. The alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, aryl, and aryloxy. The term “dialkylamino” refers to -N(alkyl)2 and usually has 1 to 12, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. The alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, aryl, and aryloxy. 100002 The term “alkylsulfonyl” refers to -SO2-alkyl and usually has 1 to 12, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. The alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, aryl, and aryloxy. The term “alkylthio” refers to -S-alkyl and usually has 1 to 12, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. The alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, aryl, and aryloxy. The term “alkenyl” refers to linear or branched unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl consisting of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms and having at least one double bond, and usually has 2 to 12, 2 to 8, 2 to 6, 2 to 4, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the alkenyl include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-butenyl, isobutenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, and the like. The alkenyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, aryl, and aryloxy. The term “alkenylene” refers to a divalent form of alkenyl. The alkenylene usually has 2 to 12, 2 to 8, 2 to 6, 2 to 4, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the alkenylene include, but are not limited to, ethenylene, 1-propenylidene, 2-propenylidene, 1-butenylidene, isobutenylidene, 1,3-butadienylene, and the like. The alkenylene is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, aryl, and aryloxy. The term “heteroalkenyl” refers to alkenyl in which one or more carbon atoms (and the hydrogen atoms to which they are connected) are each independently replaced with the same or different heteroatom groups. Unless otherwise indicated, the heteroalkenyl contains 1, 2, or 3 heteroatom groups, non-limiting examples of which include O, S, N, and NH, and usually has 1 to 12, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 2 to 12, 2 to 8, 2 to 6, 2 to 4, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms. For example, the term “C1-4 heteroalkenyl” refers to heteroalkenyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms and 1-3 heteroatom groups. The heteroatom group can be placed in any position (e.g., internal or terminal position) on the heteroalkenyl, including a position where the heteroalkenyl is connected to the rest of the molecule. Usually, where more than one heteroatom group is present, the heteroatom groups are not adjacent to each other. Exemplary heteroalkenyl includes, but is not limited to, CH2=N-, alkenyl-O-, alkenyl-NH-, alkenyl-S-, alkenyl-O-alkylene-, alkyl-O-alkenylene-, alkenyl-NH-alkylene-, alkyl-NH-alkenylene-, alkenyl-S-alkylene-, alkyl-S-alkenylene-, alkenyl-CH=N-, alkenyl-N=CH-, alkyl-CH=N-alkenylene-, alkenyl-CH=N-alkylene-, and alkyl-NH-alkenylene-O-. In some embodiments, the double bond in the heteroalkenyl is a carbon-carbon double bond. The heteroalkenyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, aryl, and aryloxy. The term “heteroalkenylene” refers to a divalent form of heteroalkenyl. Unless otherwise indicated, the heteroalkenylene contains 1, 2, or 3 heteroatom groups, non-limiting examples of which include O, S, N, and NH, and usually has 1 to 12, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 2 to 12, 2 to 8, 2 to 6, 2 to 4, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms. For example, the term “C1-4 heteroalkenylene” refers to heteroalkenylene containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms and 1-3 heteroatom groups. The heteroatom group can be placed in any position (e.g., internal or terminal position) on the heteroalkenylene, including a position where the heteroalkenylene is connected to the rest of the molecule. Usually, where more than one heteroatom group is present, the heteroatom groups are not adjacent to each other. Exemplary heteroalkenylene includes, but is not limited to, -alkenylene-O-, -alkenylene-NH-, -alkenylene-S-, -alkenylene-O-alkylene-, -alkylene-O-alkenylene-, -alkenylene-NH-alkylene-, -alkylene-NH-alkenylene-, -alkenylene-S-alkylene-, -alkylene-S-alkenylene-, -alkenylene-CH=N-, -alkenylene-N=CH-, -alkylene-CH=N-alkenylene-, -alkenylene-CH=N-alkylene-, and -alkylene-NH-alkenylene-O-. In some embodiments, the double bond in the heteroalkenylene is a carbon-carbon double bond. The heteroalkenylene is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, aryl, and aryloxy. 100002 The term “alkynyl” refers to linear or branched unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl consisting of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms and having at least one triple bond, and usually has 2 to 12, 2 to 8, 2 to 6, 2 to 4, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the alkynyl include, but are not limited to, ethynyl (-C=CH), 1-propynyl (-C=C-CH3), 2-propynyl (-CH2-C=CH), 1,3-butadiynyl (-C=C-C=CH), and the like. The alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkenyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, aryl, and aryloxy. The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a carbocyclic ring that is fully saturated and may exist as a monocyclic ring, a bridged ring, or a spiro ring. Unless otherwise indicated, the carbocyclic ring is usually a 3- to 10-membered ring, a 4- to 8-membered ring, a 5- to 8-membered ring, or a 5- to 6-membered ring. Non-limiting examples of cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopropanyl, cyclobutanyl, cyclopentanyl, cyclohexanyl, norbornyl (bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl), bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, adamantyl, and the like. The cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, carboxy, -C(O)O-alkyl, -OC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NH-alkyl, -C(O)N(alkyl)2, -NHC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)-alkyl, -S(O)-alkyl, -S(O)2-alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NH-alkyl, -S(O)2N(alkyl)2, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkylene, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylene, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkylene, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylene, heteroaryloxy, aryl, arylalkylene, and aryloxy. The term “cycloalkenyl” refers to a non-aromatic carbocyclic ring that is not fully saturated, has at least one double bond, and may exist as a monocyclic ring, a bridged ring, or a spiro ring. Unless otherwise indicated, the carbocyclic ring is usually a 3- to 10-membered ring, a 4- to 8-membered ring, a 5- to 8-membered ring, or a 5- to 6-membered ring. Non-limiting examples of the cycloalkenyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptenyl, cycloheptadienyl, and the like. The cycloalkenyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, carboxy, -C(O)O-alkyl, -OC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NH-alkyl, -C(O)N(alkyl)2, -NHC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)-alkyl, -S(O)-alkyl, -S(O)2-alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NH-alkyl, -S(O)2N(alkyl)2, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkylene, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylene, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkylene, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylene, heteroaryloxy, aryl, arylalkylene, and aryloxy. The term “heterocyclyl” refers to a non-aromatic ring that is fully saturated or partially unsaturated (but not a fully unsaturated heteroaromatic group) and may exist as a monocyclic ring, a bridged ring, a fused ring, or a spiro ring. Unless otherwise indicated, the heterocyclic ring is usually a 3- to 12-membered, 3- to 10-membered, 4- to 8membered, 5- to 8-membered, 5- to 6-membered, 3- to 7-membered, or 4- to 6-membered ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms (preferably 1 or 2 heteroatoms) independently selected from the group consisting of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, and / or boron. Non-limiting examples of the heterocyclyl include, but are not limited to, oxiranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, N-methylpyrrolidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrazolidinyl, 4H-pyranyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, tetrahydrothienyl, and the like. The heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, carboxy, -C(O)O-alkyl, -OC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NH-alkyl, -C(O)N(alkyl)2, -NHC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)-alkyl, -S(O)-alkyl, -S(O)2-alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NH-alkyl, -S(O)2N(alkyl)2, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkylene, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylene, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkylene, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylene, heteroaryloxy, aryl, arylalkylene, and aryloxy. The term “heterocycloalkenyl” refers to a non-aromatic ring that is partially unsaturated (but not a fully unsaturated heteroaromatic group) and may exist as a monocyclic ring, a bridged ring, a fused ring, or a spiro ring. Unless otherwise indicated, the heterocycloalkenyl is usually a 3- to 12-membered, 3- to 10-membered, 4- to 8-membered, 5- to 8-membered, 5- to 6-membered, 3- to 7-membered, or 4- to 6-membered ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms (preferably 1 or 2 heteroatoms) independently selected from the group consisting of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, and / or boron. Non-limiting examples of heterocycloalkenyl include, but are not limited to, dihydrofuranyl, dihydropyrrolidinyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydroindolyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl (e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl), tetrahydroisoquinolinyl (e.g., 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl), and the like. The heterocycloalkenyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, 100002 alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, carboxy, -C(O)O-alkyl, -OC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NH-alkyl, -C(O)N(alkyl)2, -NHC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)-alkyl, -S(O)-alkyl, -S(O)2-alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NH-alkyl, -S(O)2N(alkyl)2, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkylene, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylene, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkylene, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylene, heteroaryloxy, aryl, arylalkylene, and aryloxy. The term “heterocycloalkyl” refers to a cyclic group that is fully saturated and may exist as a monocyclic ring, a bridged ring, or a spiro ring. Unless otherwise indicated, the heterocyclic ring is usually a 3- to 12-membered, 3- to 10-membered, 4- to 8-membered, 5- to 8-membered, 5- to 6-membered, 3- to 7-membered, or 4- to 6-membered ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms (preferably 1 or 2 heteroatoms) independently selected from the group consisting of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, and / or boron. Examples of 3-membered heterocycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, oxiranyl, thiiranyl, and aziranyl; non-limiting examples of 4-membered heterocycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, and thietanyl; examples of 5-membered heterocycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, and tetrahydropyrazolyl; examples of 6-membered heterocycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, 1,4-thioxanyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1,3-dithianyl, and 1,4-dithianyl; examples of 7-membered heterocycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, azepanyl, oxepanyl, and thiepanyl. The heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: oxo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, carboxy, -C(O)O-alkyl, -OC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NH-alkyl, -C(O)N(alkyl)2, -NHC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)-alkyl, -S(O)-alkyl, -S(O)2-alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NH-alkyl, -S(O)2N(alkyl)2, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkylene, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylene, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkylene, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylene, heteroaryloxy, aryl, arylalkylene, and aryloxy. The term “aryl” refers to an all-carbon aromatic monocyclic or fused polycyclic group having a conjugated n-electron system. For example, the aryl may have 6-20 carbon atoms, 6-14 carbon atoms, or 6-12 carbon atoms. Nonlimiting examples of the aryl include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, and the like. The aryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, carboxy, -C(O)O-alkyl, -OC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NH-alkyl, -C(O)N(alkyl)2, -NHC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)-alkyl, -S(O)-alkyl, -S(O)2-alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NH-alkyl, -S(O)2N(alkyl)2, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkylene, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylene, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkylene, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylene, heteroaryloxy, aryl, arylalkylene, and aryloxy. The term “heteroaryl” refers to an aromatic monocyclic or fused polycyclic system containing at least one ring atom selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, with the remaining ring atoms being C, and usually has a 5- to 14-membered, 5- to 12-membered, 5- to 10-membered, 5- to 8-membered, 5- to 7-membered, or 5- to 6-membered ring. Preferably, heteroaryl has a single 4- to 8-membered ring, in particular a 5- to 6-membered ring, or has a plurality of fused rings containing 5 to 14 ring atoms, in particular 5 to 10 ring atoms. Non-limiting examples of the heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, tetrazolyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, and the like. The heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: hydroxy, amino, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkylamino, halodialkylamino, carboxy, -C(O)O-alkyl, -OC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NH-alkyl, -C(O)N(alkyl)2, -NHC(O)-alkyl, -C(O)-alkyl, -S(O)-alkyl, -S(O)2-alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NH-alkyl, -S(O)2N(alkyl)2, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkylene, cycloalkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylene, heterocyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkylene, heterocycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylene, heteroaryloxy, aryl, arylalkylene, and aryloxy. The group -L1- in the present disclosure is correspondingly connected to the lower group and the right group that are connected to this group in the general formula in a left-to-right or right-to-left reading order, e.g., the left-to- right reading order. Specifically, for example, when -L1- is -OCH2CH2-, the structure 100002 corresponds to The term “treat” or “treatment” means administering the compound or formulation described in the present disclosure to ameliorate or eliminate a disease or one or more symptoms associated with the disease, including: (i) inhibiting a disease or disease state, i.e., arresting its progression; and (ii) alleviating a disease or disease state, i.e., causing the regression of the disease or disease state. The term “prevent”, “preventing”, or “prevention” means administering the compound or formulation described herein to prevent a disease or one or more symptoms associated with the disease, and includes preventing the occurrence of the disease or disease state in a mammal, particularly when such a mammal is predisposed to the disease state but has not yet been diagnosed with it. The term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of the compound of the present disclosure for (i) treating or preventing a specific disease, condition, or disorder, (ii) relieving, ameliorating, or eliminating one or more symptoms of a specific disease, condition, or disorder, or (iii) preventing or delaying the onset of one or more symptoms of the specific disease, condition, or disorder described herein. The amount of the compound of the present disclosure constituting the “therapeutically effective amount” varies depending on the compound, the disease state and its severity, the mode of administration, and the age of the mammal to be treated, but can be determined routinely by those skilled in the art in accordance with their knowledge and the present disclosure. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” is used herein for those compounds, materials, compositions, and / or dosage forms that are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problems or complications, and commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. The pharmaceutically acceptable salt, for example, may be a metal salt, an ammonium salt, a salt formed with an organic base, a salt formed with an inorganic acid, a salt formed with an organic acid, a salt formed with a basic or acidic amino acid, and the like. The term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture consisting of one or more of the compounds or the salts thereof of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The pharmaceutical composition is intended to facilitate the administration of the compound of the present disclosure to an organism. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to those that do not have a significant irritating effect on an organism and do not impair the biological activity and properties of the active compound. Suitable excipients are well known to those skilled in the art, such as carbohydrates, wax, water-soluble and / or water-swellable polymers, hydrophilic or hydrophobic materials, gelatin, oil, solvents, and water. The word “comprise” and variations thereof such as “comprises” or “comprising” should be understood in an open, non-exclusive sense, i.e., “including but not limited to”. The compounds and intermediates of the present disclosure may also be present in different tautomeric forms, and all such forms are included within the scope of the present disclosure. The term “tautomer” or “tautomeric form” refers to structural isomers of different energies that can interconvert via a low energy barrier. For example, a proton tautomer (also referred to as a prototropic tautomer) includes interconversion via proton transfer, such as keto-enol isomerization and imine-enamine isomerization. A specific example of a proton tautomer is an imidazole moiety in which a proton can transfer between two ring nitrogens. A valence tautomer includes the interconversion via recombination of some bonding electrons. The present disclosure also includes isotopically labeled compounds of the present disclosure, which are identical to those recited herein but have one or more atoms replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number generally found in nature. Examples of isotopes of the compounds of the present disclosure include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, fluorine, iodine, and chlorine, such as 2H, 3H, 11C, 13C, 14C, 13N, 15N, 15O, 17O, 18O, 31P, 32P, 35S, 18F, 123I, 125I, 36Cl, and the like. The compound of the present disclosure may be asymmetrical, for example, having one or more stereoisomers. 100002 Unless otherwise stated, all stereoisomers are included, for example, enantiomers and diastereoisomers. The compound containing asymmetric carbon atoms of the present disclosure may be isolated in an optically active pure form or in a racemic form. The optically pure form can be resolved from a racemic mixture or can be synthesized using a chiral raw material or a chiral reagent. Non-limiting examples of stereoisomers include, but are not limited to: and oh The compounds of the present disclosure may have one or more atropisomers, which, unless otherwise stated, refer to optically active isomers resulting from the hindrance of free rotation between single bonds. The compounds containing a chiral axis of the present disclosure can be isolated in a racemic form. When the energy barrier for the single bond free rotation of the compounds containing a chiral axis of the present disclosure is sufficiently high, the atropisomers of the compounds may be isolated in an optically active pure form. The pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be prepared by combining the compound of the present disclosure with a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and can be formulated, for example, into a solid, semisolid, liquid, or gaseous formulation such as tablet, pill, capsule, powder, granule, ointment, emulsion, suspension, suppository, injection, inhalant, gel, microsphere, and aerosol. Typical routes of administration of the compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition thereof of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, oral, rectal, topical, inhalational, parenteral, sublingual, intravaginal, intranasal, intraocular, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intravenous administration. The pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be manufactured using methods well known in the art, such as conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, lyophilizing, etc. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is in an oral form. For oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated by mixing the active compounds with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients well known in the art. These excipients enable the compounds of the present disclosure to be formulated into tablets, pills, pastilles, dragees, capsules, gels, slurries, suspensions, etc. for oral administration to a patient. A solid oral composition can be prepared by conventional mixing, filling, or tableting. For example, the solid oral composition can be obtained by the following method: mixing the active compound with solid excipients, optionally grinding the resulting mixture, adding additional suitable excipients if desired, and then processing the mixture into granules to obtain the core parts of tablets or dragees. Suitable excipients include, but are not limited to: binders, diluents, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, sweeteners, flavoring agents, etc. The pharmaceutical composition may also be suitable for parenteral administration, such as sterile solutions, suspensions, or lyophilized products in suitable unit dosage forms. In all administration methods of the compound of general formula I described herein, the daily dose is 0.01 mg / kg of body weight to 200 mg / kg of body weight. The compounds of the present disclosure can be prepared using a variety of synthetic methods well known to those skilled in the art, including the specific embodiments listed below, embodiments formed by combinations thereof with other chemical synthetic methods, and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art. The preferred embodiments include, but are not limited to, the examples of the present disclosure. The chemical reactions in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure are conducted in a suitable solvent that must be suitable for the chemical changes in the present disclosure and the reagents and materials required. In order to obtain the compounds of the present disclosure, it is sometimes necessary for those skilled in the art to modify or select a synthetic procedure or a reaction process based on the existing embodiments. The compound of formula (I) disclosed herein, e.g., the compound of formula (III), may be prepared by those skilled in the art of organic synthesis via route 1, wherein the moieties n, R1, R2a, R2b, R3, R4, Z, ring A, and ring B are as defined above. 100002 Route 1 The compound of formula (I) disclosed herein, e.g., the compound of formula (F), may be prepared by those skilled in the art of organic synthesis via route 2 or route 3, wherein the moieties n, m, R1, L2, R3a, RC, R4, Z, ring A, and ring B are as defined above. Route 2 Route 3 Each of the products from the reactions of the route described above may be obtained by conventional separation techniques including, but not limited to, filtration, distillation, crystallization, chromatography, and the like. The starting materials may be self-synthesized or purchased from commercial establishments (such as, but not limited 100002 to, Adrich or Sigma). These materials can be characterized using conventional means, such as physical constants and spectral data. The compounds described herein can be synthesized as a single isomer or a mixture of isomers. The following abbreviations are used in the present disclosure: DMF represents N,N-dimethylformamide; PMB represents p-methoxybenzyl; TIPS represents triisopropylsilyl; MOM represents methoxymethyl; DIPEA represents diisopropylethylamine; DMSO represents dimethyl sulfoxide. The commercially available compounds are under the supplier’s catalog names. For clarity, the present disclosure is further described with the following examples, which are, however, not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail herein and specific embodiments have also been disclosed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the examples without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. All the reagents used in the present disclosure are commercially available and can be used without further purification. Example Example 1 and Example 2 Step 1: 1a (7.25 g) and p-methoxybenzyl chloride (26.3 g) were dispersed in DMF (80 mL), and sodium hydride (60%, 5.9 g) was added under stirring at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for reaction for 2 h. After the reaction was completed, an ammonium chloride solution (20 mL) was added to quench the reaction, and water (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (150 mL) were added. The mixture was stirred, and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 2), and the organic phases were combined, washed with 5% brine (100 mL x 2), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated until no liquid flowed out and purified by column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether = 1:100 to 1:10) to give compound 1b. LC-MS: m / z = 413.16 [M+H]+. Step 2: 1b (1.25 g), bis(diphenylphosphino)palladium(II) dichloride (0.21 g), and tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (3.1 mL) were dispersed in DMF (10 mL), and under nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated to 80 °C and stirred for reaction 100002 for 8 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and the pH was adjusted to acidity with diluted hydrochloric acid. Water (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (100 mL) were added, the mixture was stirred, and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 2), and the organic phases were combined, washed once with a 10% sodium bicarbonate solution (100 mL) and once with 5% brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated until no liquid flowed out and purified by column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether = 1:50 to 1:5) to give compound 1c. LC-MS: m / z = 377.26 [M+H]+. Step 3: 1c (1.4 g), L-alaninol (0.84 g), and tetraisopropyl titanate (4.5 g) were dispersed in methanol (28 mL), and the mixture was heated to 80 °C and stirred for reaction for 16 h. The reaction solution was cooled to 0 °C, and sodium borohydride (280 mg) was added. The resulting mixture was allowed to be stirred for reaction at room temperature for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was filtered through celite, and the filtrate was concentrated until no liquid flowed out and purified by column chromatography (methanol:dichloromethane = 1:200 to 1:10) to give compound 1d. LC-MS: m / z = 436.40 [M+H]+. Step 4: 1e (5 g) was dispersed in acetonitrile (100 mL), and DIPEA (13.8 g) and phosphorus oxychloride (8.19 g) were added sequentially. Under nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated to 80 °C and stirred for reaction for 2 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and poured into ice water (500 mL), and the mixture was stirred for crystallization for 30 min and filtered. The filter cake was dried under vacuum at 55 °C for 6 h to give compound 1f. Step 5: 1f (1.4 g), 1d (700 mg), and DIPEA (630 mg) were dispersed in tetrahydrofuran (45 mL), and the mixture was stirred for reaction overnight. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether = 1:20 to 1:5) to give compound 1g. LC-MS: m / z = 697.31 [M+H]+. Step 6: 1g (1.5 g) and cesium fluoride (3.3 g) were dispersed in DMF (150 mL), and the mixture was heated to 60 °C and stirred for 2 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was concentrated until no liquid flowed out, and ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added to dissolve the residue. Water (100 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred, and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 2). The organic phases were combined, washed with 10% brine (100 mL x 2), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated until no liquid flowed out and purified by preparative SFC (YMC-SA 10 nm 30 x 150 chromatographic column; ethanol-CO2 (50%-50%, isocratic elution for 0-15 min)) to give 1A (Rt 10 min, LC-MS: m / z = 661.33 [M+H]+) and 2A (Rt 12 min, LC-MS: m / z = 661.33 [M+H]+) in sequence. Step 7: 1A (6.3 g) was dispersed in dichloromethane (252 mL), and the mixture was cooled to 0-5 °C. m-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (75%, 8.2 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 h with the temperature maintained. After the reaction was completed, a 10% sodium thiosulfate solution (100 mL) was added to the reaction 100002 solution, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (100 mL x 2). The organic phases were combined, washed with 5% brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated until no liquid flowed out to give compound 1B. LC-MS: m / z = 693.28 [M+H]+. Referring to the synthesis method of compound 1B, compound 1A was replaced with compound 2A to synthesize compound 2B. LC-MS: m / z = 693.28 [M+H]+. Step 8: Cl 1C 2C 1B (6.3 g) and 1h (4.34 g) were dispersed in tetrahydrofuran (12 mL), and the mixture was cooled to 0 °C. A solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in tetrahydrofuran (1 N, 13.6 mL) was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred for 1 h with the temperature maintained. After the reaction was completed, a saturated ammonium chloride solution (50 mL) was added to the reaction system to quench the reaction, and water (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (100 mL) were added. The mixture was stirred, and the phases were separated. Extraction was performed with ethyl acetate (80 mL x 2), and the organic phases were combined, washed with 5% brine (80 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated until no liquid flowed out and purified by column chromatography (methanol:dichloromethane = 1:200 to 1:30) to give compound 1C. LC-MS: m / z = 772.38 [M+H]+. Referring to the synthesis method of compound 1C, compound 1B was replaced with compound 2B to synthesize compound 2C. LC-MS: m / z = 772.33 [M+H]+. Step 9: 1C (8.8 g) was dispersed in trifluoroacetic acid (88 mL), and the mixture was cooled to 0 °C. Methanesulfonic acid (13.2 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture was stirred for reaction at room temperature for 2 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure until no liquid flowed out, and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (200 mL). The pH of the system was adjusted to alkalinity with a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution under an ice bath, and water (100 mL) and dichloromethane (100 mL) were added. The mixture was stirred, and the phases were separated. Extraction was performed with dichloromethane (100 mL x 2), and the organic phases were combined, washed with 10% brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated until no liquid flowed out and purified by column chromatography (methanol:dichloromethane = 1:200 to 1:10) to give compound 1D. LC-MS: m / z = 532.21 [M+H]+. Referring to the synthesis method of compound 1D, compound 1C was replaced with compound 2C to synthesize compound 2D. LC-MS: m / z = 532.20 [M+H]+. 1D (1.06 g), 1i (1.36 g), chloro{[(4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl]di-tert-butylphosphino}(2'-amino-1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)palladium(II) (230 mg), potassium phosphate (1.3 g), and water (4.3 mL) were dispersed in 1,4-dioxane (21.3 mL), and under nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated to 90 °C and stirred for reaction for 1 h. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure and purified by column chromatography (methanol:dichloromethane = 1:200 to 1:10) to give compound 1E. LC-MS: m / z = 822.52 [M+H]+. Referring to the synthesis method of compound 1E, compound 1D was replaced with compound 2D to synthesize compound 2E. LC-MS: m / z = 822.52 [M+H]+. Step 11: 1E (4.17 g) and cesium fluoride (7.71 g) were dispersed in DMF (40 mL), and the mixture was stirred for reaction at room temperature for 1 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure until no liquid flowed out, and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL). Water (100 mL) was added, the mixture was stirred, and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (60 mL x 2), and the organic phases were combined, washed with 10% brine (100 mL x 3), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (methanol:dichloromethane = 1:100 to 1:10) to give compound 1F. LC-MS: m / z = 666.31 [M+H]+. Referring to the synthesis method of compound 1F, compound 1E was replaced with compound 2E to synthesize compound 2F. LC-MS: m / z = 666.30 [M+H]+. Step 12: 1F (270 mg), sodium iodide (900 mg), potassium carbonate (830 mg), and di-tert-butyl chloromethyl phosphate (1040 mg) were dispersed in acetonitrile (50 mL), and the mixture was stirred for reaction at room temperature overnight. The reaction solution was filtered, and the filtrate was purified by column chromatography (methanol:dichloromethane = 1:100 to 1:4) to give compound 1G. LC-MS: m / z = 832.43 [M]+. Referring to the synthesis method of compound 1G, compound 1F was replaced with compound 2F to synthesize compound 2G. LC-MS: m / z = 832.41 [M]+. Step 13: 1G (200 mg) was dispersed in dichloromethane (10 mL), and a solution of hydrogen chloride in 1,4-dioxane (4 N, 1 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction system. The mixture was stirred for reaction at room temperature for 1 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure until no liquid flowed out to give compound 1H. LC-MS: m / z = 776.26 [M]+. Referring to the synthesis method of compound 1H, compound 1G was replaced with compound 2G to synthesize 100002 compound 2H. LC-MS: m / z = 776.26 [M]+. Step 14: Compound 1H was purified by preparative liquid chromatography (YMC TA C18 10 pm 30 x 250 chromatographic column; methanol-0.1% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (5%-75% / 0-70 min gradient elution)) to give compound 1. LC-MS: m / z = 776.35 [M+H]+; 1H-NMR (500MHz, CD3OD) S 8.19-8.07 (m, 2H), 8.06-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.86 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.76-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.39 (m, 1H), 6.89-6.72 (m, 2H), 5.64 (J = 55.0 Hz, 1H), 5.295.12 (m, 2H), 5.07-4.94 (m, 2H), 4.76-4.48 (m, 2H), 4.45-4.33 (m, 1H), 4.32-4.00 (m, 3H), 3.92-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 0.4H), 3.44 (s, 0.6H), 3.12-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.31 (m, 5H), 1.85-1.64 (m, 3H), 0.88-0.70 (m, 3H). Referring to the purification method of compound 1, compound 1H was replaced with compound 2H, and the reaction system was purified to give compound 2. LC-MS: m / z = 776.35 [M+H]+. Example 3 and Example 4 Referring to the preparation process of compound 1 in Example 1, compound 1i was replaced with 2-(7,8-difluoronaphthalen-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane in step 10 to prepare compound 3. LC-MS: m / z = 770.41 [M+H]+. Referring to the preparation process of compound 2 in Example 2, compound 1i was replaced with 2-(7,8-difluoronaphthalen-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane in step 10 to prepare compound 4. LC-MS: m / z = 770.43 [M+H]+. Example 5 and Example 6 Referring to the preparation process of compound 1 in Example 1, compound 1i was replaced with 2-(8-chloronaphthalen-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane in step 10 to prepare compound 5. LC-MS: m / z = 768.20 [M+H]+. Referring to the preparation process of compound 2 in Example 2, compound 1i was replaced with 2-(8-chloronaphthalen-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane in step 10 to prepare compound 6. LC-MS: m / z = 768.18 [M+H]+. Example 7 and Example 8 100002 Referring to the preparation process of compound 1 in Example 1, compound 1i was replaced with ((6-fluoro-8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)ethynyl)triisopropylsilane in step 10 to prepare compound 7. LC-MS: m / z = 776.26 [M+H]+. Referring to the preparation process of compound 2 in Example 2, compound 1i was replaced with ((6-fluoro-8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)ethynyl)triisopropylsilane in step 10 to prepare compound 8. LC-MS: m / z = 776.26 [M+H]+. Example 9 and Example 10 Step 1: 1D (0.5 g), sodium iodide (2.1 g), potassium carbonate (1.95 g), and di-tert-butyl chloromethyl phosphate (2.45 g) were dispersed in acetonitrile (25 mL), and the mixture was stirred for reaction overnight at room temperature. The reaction solution was filtered, and the filtrate was purified by column chromatography (methanol:dichloromethane = 1:100 to 1:3) to give compound 9A. LC-MS: m / z = 698.25 [M]+. Referring to the synthesis method of compound 9A, compound 1D was replaced with compound 2D to synthesize compound 10A. LC-MS: m / z = 698.24 [M]+. Step 2: 9A (315 mg), 9a (315 mg), chloro{[(4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl]di-tert-butylphosphino}(2'-amino-1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)palladium(II) (52 mg), potassium phosphate (290 mg), and water (6 mL) were dispersed in 1,4-dioxane (30 mL), and under nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated to 90 °C and stirred for reaction for 2 h. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure and purified by column chromatography (methanol:dichloromethane = 1:200 to 1:10) to give compound 9B. LC-MS: m / z = 857.35 [M]+. Referring to the synthesis method of compound 9B, compound 9A was replaced with compound 10A to synthesize 100002 compound 10B. LC-MS: m / z = 857.35 [M]+. Step 3: 9B (290 mg) was dispersed in dichloromethane (8 mL), and a solution of hydrogen chloride in 1,4-dioxane (4 N, 0.8 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction system. The mixture was stirred for reaction at room temperature for 1 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure until no liquid flowed out to give compound 9C. LC-MS: m / z = 801.23 [M]+. Referring to the synthesis method of compound 9C, compound 9B was replaced with compound 10B to synthesize compound 10C. LC-MS: m / z = 801.27 [M]+. Step 4: Compound 9C was purified by preparative liquid chromatography (YMC AQ C18 10 um 50 x 250 chromatographic column; acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous formic acid solution (15%-75% / 0-60 min gradient elution)) to give compound 9. LC-MS: m / z = 801.23 [M+H]+; 1H-NMR (500MHz, CD3OD) S 8.29 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 6.80 (brs, 1H), 6.64-6.33 (m, 1H), 5.66 (dt, J = 5.0 Hz, 50.0 Hz, 1H), 5.355.24 (m, 1H), 5.23-5.13 (m, 1H), 5.02-4.92 (m, 2H), 4.76-4.65 (m, 1H), 4.50-4.10 (m, 5H), 3.98-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.142.96 (m, 1H), 2.78-2.30 (m, 5H), 1.77 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 3H), 0.83 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H). Referring to the purification method of compound 9, compound 9C was replaced with compound 10C, and the reaction system was purified to give compound 10. LC-MS: m / z = 801.27 [M+H]+. Example 11 and Example 12 Referring to the preparation process of compound 9 in Example 9, compound 9a was replaced with 2-fluoro-3-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline in step 2 to prepare compound 11. LC-MS: m / z = 799.33 [M+H]+). Referring to the preparation process of compound 10 in Example 10, compound 9a was replaced with 2-fluoro-3-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline in step 2 to prepare compound 12. LC-MS: m / z = 799.34 [M+H]+). Example 13 100002 1 (50 mg) and 10% palladium on carbon (20 mg) were dispersed in methanol (10 mL), and under hydrogen atmosphere, the mixture was purged with hydrogen and stirred for reaction at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was filtered, and the filtrate was purified by preparative liquid chromatography (YMC TA C18 10 um 30 x 250 chromatographic column; methanol-0.1% aqueous formic acid solution (20%-80% / 0-60 min gradient elution)) to give compound 13. LC-MS: m / z = 780.33 [M+H]+. Example 14 Referring to the preparation process of compound 1 in Example 1, compound 1i was replaced with triisopropyl((8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)ethynyl)silane in step 10 to prepare compound 14. LC-MS: m / z = 758.28 [M+H]+. Example 15 Referring to the preparation process of compound 1 in Example 1, compound 1i was replaced with ((2-fluoro-6-(methoxymethoxy)-8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)ethynyl)triisopropylsilane in step 10 to prepare compound 15. LC-MS: m / z = 792.33 [M+H]+. Example 16 16 Referring to the preparation process of compound 1 in Example 1, compound 1h was replaced with N-methyl-L -prolinol in step 8 to prepare compound 16. LC-MS: m / z = 732.28 [M+H]+. Example 17 100002 7 5 Referring to the preparation process of compound 1 in Example 1, compound 1h was replaced with ((2R,7aS)-2-fluorotetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)methan-d2-ol in step 8 to prepare compound 17. LC-MS: m / z = 778.36 [M+H]+. Example 18 Step 1: 1E (330 mg) and triethylamine (6 mL) were dispersed in dichloromethane (40 mL), and the mixture was cooled to 0 °C. Phosphorus oxychloride (180 mg) was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred for reaction at room temperature for 1 h. Water (10 mL) was added to the reaction solution, the resulting mixture was stirred, and the phases were separated. The organic phase was washed with a saturated ammonium chloride solution (50 mL x 3), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated until no liquid flowed out to give compound 18a. LC-MS: m / z = 902.53 [M+H]+. Step 2: 18a (200 mg) and cesium fluoride (500 mg) were dispersed in DMF (2.5 mL), and the mixture was stirred for reaction at room temperature for 1 h. Water (15 mL) and dichloromethane (25 mL) were added to the reaction solution, the resulting mixture was stirred, and the phases were separated. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated until no liquid flowed out and purified by preparative liquid chromatography (YMC TA C18, 10 ^m, 30 x 250 chromatographic column; acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (10%-70% / 0-50 min gradient elution)) to give compound 18. LC-MS: m / z = 746.37 [M+H]+. Example 19 0 m-P'oh N t H OH p-OH H OH Referring to the preparation process of compound 1F in Example 1, compound 1h was replaced with N-methyl- L -prolinol in step 8 to prepare compound 19a. LC-MS: m / z = 622.40 [M+H]+. Referring to the preparation method for compound 18a in Example 18, 1E was replaced with 19a to prepare 100002 compound 19. LC-MS: m / z = 702.22 [M+H]+. Example 20 Referring to the preparation process of compound 1E in Example 1, compound 1i was replaced with compound 9a in step 10 to prepare compound 20a. LC-MS: m / z = 691.23 [M+H]+. Referring to the preparation method for compound 18a in Example 18, 1E was replaced with 20a to prepare compound 20. LC-MS: m / z = 771.24 [M+H]+. Example 21 Step 1: Referring to the preparation method for compound 9B in Example 9, 9a was replaced with 21a to prepare compound 21b. LC-MS: m / z = 1003.46 [M]+. Step 2: Referring to the preparation method for compound 1F in Example 1, 1E was replaced with 21b to prepare compound 21c. LC-MS: m / z = 847.33 [M]+. Step 3: Referring to the preparation method for compound 1H in Example 1, 1G was replaced with 21c to prepare 100002 compound 21d. LC-MS: m / z = 791.30 [M]+. Step 4: Compound 21d was purified by preparative liquid chromatography (YMC AQ C18 10 gm 30 x 250 chromatographic column; methanol-0.1% aqueous acetic acid solution (10%-10%-15%-55% / 0-4-5-85 min gradient elution)) to give compound 21. LC-MS: m / z = 791.30 [M+H]+. Example 22 Step 1: 1E (300 mg) and triethylamine (364 mg) were dispersed in dichloromethane (30 mL), and the mixture was cooled to 0 °C. Diisopropyl chlorophosphate (732 mg) was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred for reaction at room temperature overnight. Water (10 mL) was added to the reaction solution, the resulting mixture was stirred, and the phases were separated. The organic phase was washed with a saturated ammonium chloride solution (50 mL x 3), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated until no liquid flowed out to give compound 22a. LC-MS: m / z = 986.56 [M+H]+. Step 2: 22a (400 mg) and cesium fluoride (920 mg) were dispersed in DMF (20 mL), and the mixture was stirred for reaction at room temperature for 4 h. Water (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (50 mL) were added to the reaction solution, the resulting mixture was stirred, and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL), and the organic phases were combined, washed with 10% brine (50 mL x 2), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure until no liquid flowed out, and the residue was purified by preparative liquid chromatography (YMC TA C18 10 gm 50 x 250 chromatographic column; methanol-0.1% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (30%-90%-100% / 0-60-70 min gradient elution)) to give compound 22. LC-MS: m / z = 830.48 [M+H]+. Test Example 1: Experimental Method for Nucleotide Exchange 1. Reagents: His-KRAS G12D (1-169); SOS1cat (564-1049); GDP (purchased from Sigma); Anti-6HIS-Cryptate (purchased from Cisbio); EDA-GTP-DY-647P1 (purchased from Jena Bioscience) 2. Buffer preparation: 1) assay buffer: HEPES pH 7.4, NaCl, MgCl2, DTT, BSA, and Igepal; 2) KRAS G12D working solution: A KRAS G12D working solution containing 100 nM His-KRAS G12D and 2 nM Anti-6HIS-Cryptate was prepared using the assay buffer; 3) SOS1cat working solution: An SOS1cat working solution containing 20 nM SOS1cat and 200 nM EDA-GTP-DY-647P1 was prepared using the assay buffer; 4) blank control working solution: A blank control solution containing 2 nM Anti-6HIS-Cryptate was prepared using the assay buffer. 100002 3. Testing procedure: The entire experimental process was completed at room temperature. Using a black clear-bottom 384-well plate, 5 nL of KRAS G12D working solution was added to each well for the experimental and negative groups, while 5 nL of blank control working solution was added to each well for the blank group. The plate was incubated at room temperature for 10 min. Then, the compounds (at an initial concentration of 100 nM, 8 concentration gradients by 1:2 serial dilution) were added to the experimental groups using an ultra microsyringe and incubated at room temperature for 30 min. Finally, 5 nL of SOS1cat working solution was added to each well, and after incubation at room temperature for 15 min, signal values were detected at 665 nm / 620 nm using a PerkinElmer Envision HTS multi-label plate reader. The inhibition rate was calculated by the following formula: inhibition rate (%) = (mean value of negative control group - mean value of experimental group) / (mean value of negative control group - mean value of blank group) x 100%. The curves were fitted using the four-parameter logistic model with the logarithm of the compound concentration as the abscissa and the inhibition rate as the ordinate, and IC50 values were calculated. Test Example 2: Assay for Inhibitory Activity Against AsPc-1 Cell Proliferation AsPc-1 cells in a well-growing state were collected into a centrifuge tube, adjusted to a cell density of 3 x 104 cells / mL, and inoculated onto a 96-well plate (100 nL / well). The compounds were added using a nanoliter pipettor such that the final concentrations of the compounds were 5000 nM-0.31 nM (the addition was performed in duplicate). Meanwhile, a control was set. After 72 h of incubation in the cell incubator, the assay reagent CCK-8 (manufacturer: Dojindo Laboratories; 10 nL / well) was added. After 3 h of incubation in the cell incubator, the absorbance values were measured at 450 nm on a PerkinElmer Envision microplate reader. A four-parameter analysis was performed, a dose-response curve was fitted, and IC50 was calculated. Test Example 3: Assay for Inhibitory Activity Against Capan-1 Cell Proliferation Capan-1 cells in a well-growing state were collected into a centrifuge tube, adjusted to a cell density of 1.5 x 104 cells / mL, and inoculated onto a 96-well plate (100 nL / well). The compounds were added using a nanoliter pipettor such that the final concentrations of the compounds were 20000 nM-9.1 nM (the addition was performed in duplicate). Meanwhile, a control was set. After 5 days of incubation in the cell incubator, the assay reagent CCK-8 (manufacturer: Dojindo Laboratories, Beijing; 10 nL / well) was added. After 4 h of incubation in the cell incubator, the absorbance values were measured at 450 nm on a PerkinElmer Envision microplate reader. A four-parameter analysis was performed, a dose-response curve was fitted, and IC50 was calculated. Test Example 4: Assay for Inhibitory Activity Against NCI-H358 Cell Proliferation NCI-H358 cells in a well-growing state were collected into a centrifuge tube, adjusted to a cell density of 3 x 104 cells / mL, and inoculated onto a 96-well plate (100 nL / well). The compounds were added using a nanoliter pipettor such that the final concentrations of the compounds were 10000 nM-4.6 nM (the addition was performed in duplicate). Meanwhile, a control was set. After 72 h of incubation in the cell incubator, the assay reagent CCK-8 (manufacturer: Dojindo Laboratories, Beijing; 10 nL / well) was added. After 3 h of incubation in the cell incubator, the absorbance values were measured at 450 nm on a PerkinElmer Envision microplate reader. A four-parameter analysis was performed, a dose-response curve was fitted, and IC50 was calculated. Test Example 5: Assay for Inhibitory Activity Against HCT-116 Cell Proliferation HCT-116 cells in a well-growing state were collected into a centrifuge tube, adjusted to a cell density of 1 x 104 cells / mL, and inoculated onto a 96-well plate (100 nL / well). The compounds were added using a nanoliter pipettor such that the final concentrations of the compounds were 20000 nM-9.1 nM (the addition was performed in duplicate). Meanwhile, a control was set. After 5 days of incubation in the cell incubator, the assay reagent CCK-8 (manufacturer: Dojindo Laboratories, Beijing; 10 nL / well) was added. After 2 h of incubation in the cell incubator, the absorbance values were measured at 450 nm on a PerkinElmer Envision microplate reader. A four-parameter analysis was performed, a dose-response curve was fitted, and IC50 was calculated. Test Example 6: Assay for Inhibitory Activity Against RPMI-8226 Cell Proliferation RPMI-8226 cells in a well-growing state were collected into a centrifuge tube, adjusted to a cell density of 3 x 104 cells / mL, and inoculated onto a 96-well plate (100 nL / well). The compounds were added using a nanoliter pipettor such that the final concentrations of the compounds were 10000 nM-4.6 nM (the addition was performed in duplicate). Meanwhile, a control was set. After 72 h of incubation in the cell incubator, the assay reagent CCK-8 (manufacturer: Dojindo Laboratories, Beijing; 10 nL / well) was added. After 4 h of incubation in the cell incubator, the absorbance values were measured at 450 nm on a PerkinElmer Envision microplate reader. A four-parameter analysis was performed, a dose-response curve was fitted, and IC50 was calculated. 100002 Test Example 7: Assay for Inhibitory Activity Against NCI-H1975 Cell Proliferation NCI-H1975 cells in a well-growing state were collected into a centrifuge tube, adjusted to a cell density of 1 x 104 cells / mL, and inoculated onto a 96-well plate (100 uL / well). The compounds were added using a nanoliter pipettor such that the final concentrations of the compounds were 20000 nM-9.1 nM (the addition was performed in duplicate). Meanwhile, a control was set. After 5 days of incubation in the cell incubator, the assay reagent CCK-8 (manufacturer: Dojindo Laboratories, Beijing; 10 uL / well) was added. After 2 h of incubation in the cell incubator, the absorbance values were measured at 450 nm on a PerkinElmer Envision microplate reader. A four-parameter analysis was performed, a dose-response curve was fitted, and IC50 was calculated. The above testing results for some of the compounds of the present disclosure are shown in Table 1. _________________________________Table 1. Testing results for part of compounds Compound Inhibitory activity IC50 against proliferation of AsPc-1 cells (nM) Inhibitory activity IC50 against proliferation of Capan-1 cells (nM) Inhibitory activity IC50 against proliferation of NCI-H358 cells (nM) Inhibitory activity IC50 against proliferation of HCT-116 cells (nM) Inhibitory activity IC50 against proliferation of RPMI-8226 cells (nM) Inhibitory activity IC50 against proliferation of NCI-H1975 cells (nM) 1 A A A A A >10000 3 A 5 A 6 A 9 A A 10 A 13 A A 15 A A 16 A 17 A A 18 A A 19 A A 20 A A 21 A A Note: A represents IC50 < 100 nM; B represents 100 nM < IC50 < 500 nM; C represents 500 nM < IC50 < 999 nM; —— represents the IC50 value not detected. Test Example 8: In Vitro Stability in Liver Microsomes Liver microsome incubation samples (species: human, monkey, rat, and mouse) were each prepared by mixing a PBS buffer (pH = 7.4), a liver microsome solution (0.5 mg / mL), a test compound, and an NADPH + MgCl2 solution, 100002 and incubated at 37 °C and 300 rpm for 1 h. Zero-hour samples were prepared by mixing a PBS buffer (pH 7.4), a liver microsome solution (0.5 mg / mL), and a test compound. An acetonitrile solution containing an internal standard was added to the samples, and supernatants were prepared by protein precipitation, diluted, and then assayed by LC / MS / MS. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2. Results for in vitro metabolic stability in liver microsomes Compound Remaining amount % (T = 60 min) (0.5 mg / mL) Human liver microsome Mouse liver microsome 1 >40 >40 15 > 40 > 40 17 >40 >40 Test Example 9: Evaluation for In Vivo Pharmacokinetics in Mice ICR mice weighing 20-24 g were randomized into groups with 9 mice in each group after 3 to 5 days of acclimatization, and intragastric administration of the experimental compounds was performed at a dose of 35 mg / kg. The test animals (ICR mice) were fasted for 12 h before administration and fed 4 h after administration, and were given free access to water before, after, and during the experiment. After intragastric administration, about 0.1 mL of blood was collected via the orbital sinus at 0.25 h (15 min), 0.5 h (30 min), 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 10 h (each mouse was subjected to blood collection at 3 to 4 time points, with 3 mice per time point). Following anticoagulation with EDTA-K2, the blood samples were transferred to a centrifuge within 30 min and then centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C to separate the plasma. All the plasma samples were immediately stored after collection at -20 °C for testing. 20 gL of each of the plasma samples to be tested and the standard curve sample were pipetted, and 400 gL of acetonitrile solution containing an internal standard (20 ng / mL) was added. The mixture was shaken and mixed well for 10 min, and centrifuged at 13000 rpm for 10 min. 50 gL of the supernatant was taken and diluted with 100 gL of ultrapure water. After being mixed well, 0.5 gL of the resulting sample was assayed by LC / MS / MS, and a chromatogram was recorded. Experimental results: The compounds of the present application, e.g., example compounds 1, 3, 5, 9, 17, and 18, have good oral pharmacokinetic parameters (including Tmax, Cmax, AUC, etc.) in mice. Test Example 10: Evaluation for In Vivo Pharmacokinetics in Rats SD rats weighing 210-230 g were randomized into groups with 3 rats in each group after 3 to 5 days of acclimatization, and intragastric administration of an example solution was performed at a dose of 35 mg / kg. Plasma samples to be tested were prepared by taking blood from the orbit at time points of 0 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 24 h, and 32 h. 50 uL of each plasma sample to be tested was taken, and an acetonitrile solution containing an internal standard was added. Supernatants were obtained by protein precipitation, diluted, and then assayed by LC / MS / MS, and fitting was performed using a non-compartmental model. Test Example 11: Evaluation for In Vivo Pharmacokinetics in Dogs Beagle dogs weighing 10-12 kg were randomized into groups with 3 dogs in each group after 3 to 5 days of acclimatization, and intragastric administration of an example solution was performed at a dose of 17.5 mg / kg. Plasma samples to be tested were prepared by taking blood from the forelimb vein at time points of 0 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 24 h, 32 h, and 48 h. 50 uL of each plasma sample to be tested was taken, and an acetonitrile solution containing an internal standard was added. Supernatants were obtained by protein precipitation, diluted, and then assayed by LC / MS / MS, and fitting was performed using a non-compartmental model. 100002 Test Example 12: Pharmacodynamic Evaluation for AsPc-1 Cell NOD-SCID Mouse Subcutaneous Xenograft Tumor Model SPF-grade female NOD-SCID mice (source: Jiangsu Huachuang Xinnuo Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.) were inoculated subcutaneously at the right axilla with AsPc-1 cells at 1 x 107 cells / mouse. When the mean tumor volume reached about 200 mm3, the animals were grouped. The day of grouping was defined as day 0, and intraperitoneal injection was started on day 1 and performed once daily. The tumor volume and body weight were measured twice to thrice every week, and the data were recorded. The general behavior of the mice was observed and recorded every day. After the experiment was completed, the tumors were extracted, weighed, and photographed. The detection parameters and the calculation formulas are as follows: tumor volume TV (mm3) = 1 / 2 x (a x b2), where a represents the long diameter of the tumor, and b represents the short diameter of the tumor; relative tumor volume RTV = TVt / TV0, where TV0 represents the tumor volume on day 0, and TVt represents the tumor volume at each measurement; relative tumor proliferation rate T / C (%) = (TRTV / CRTV) x 100%, where TRTV represents RTV of the treatment group, and CRTV represents RTV of the vehicle control group; tumor growth inhibition rate TGI (%) = (1 - TW / TW0) x 100%; where TW represents the tumor weight of the treatment group, and TW0 represents the tumor weight of the vehicle control group; weight change rate WCR (%) = (Wtt - Wt0) / Wt0 x 100%, where Wt0 represents the body weight of the mouse on day 0, and Wtt represents the body weight of the mouse at each measurement. Test Example 13: Pharmacodynamic Evaluation for NCI-H358 Cell CB17-SCID Mouse Subcutaneous Xenograft Tumor Model SPF-grade female CB17-SCID mice (source: Shanghai Lingchang Biotech Co. Ltd.) were inoculated subcutaneously at the right axilla with NCI-H358 cells at 5 x 106 cells / mouse (inoculation by mixing with Matrigel at a ratio of 1:1). When the mean tumor volume reached about 200 mm3, the animals were grouped. The day of grouping was defined as day 0, and intragastric administration was started on day 0 and performed once daily (1-10 mg / kg). The tumor volume and body weight were measured twice to thrice every week, and the data were recorded. The general behavior of the mice was observed and recorded every day. After the experiment was completed, the tumors were extracted, weighed, and photographed. The detection parameters and the calculation formulas are as follows: tumor volume TV (mm3) = 1 / 2 x (a x b2), where a represents the long diameter of the tumor, and b represents the short diameter of the tumor; relative tumor volume RTV = TVt / TV0, wherein TV0 represents the tumor volume on day 0, and TVt represents the tumor volume at each measurement; relative tumor proliferation rate T / C (%) = (TRTV / CRTV) x 100%, where TRTV represents RTV of the treatment group, and CRTV represents RTV of the vehicle control group; tumor growth inhibition rate TGI (%) = (1 - TW / TW0) x 100%, where TW represents the tumor weight of the treatment group, and TW0 represents the tumor weight of the vehicle control group; weight change rate WCR (%) = (Wtt - Wt0) / Wt0 x 100%, where Wt0 represents the mouse body weight on day 0, and Wtt represents the mouse body weight at each measurement. Experimental results: After two weeks of administration, some of the compounds of the present application, including example compounds, showed excellent pharmacodynamic indexes in the NCI-H358 cell CB17-SCID mouse subcutaneous xenograft tumor model, including but not limited to, a tumor growth inhibition rate (e.g., a tumor growth inhibition rate greater than 80% or greater than 90%). Test Example 14: Pharmacodynamic Evaluation for Capan-1 Cell Nude Mouse Subcutaneous Xenograft Tumor Model SPF-grade female nude mice (source: Changzhou Cavens Laboratory Animal Ltd.) were inoculated subcutaneously 100002 at the right axilla with Capan-1 cells at 2 x 106 cells / mouse. When the mean tumor volume reached about 200-250 mm3, the animals were grouped. The day of grouping was defined as day 0, and intragastric administration was started on day 0 and performed once daily (20-60 mg / kg). The tumor volume and body weight were measured twice to thrice every week, and the data were recorded. The general behavior of the mice was observed and recorded every day. After the experiment was completed, the tumors were extracted, weighed, and photographed. The detection parameters and the calculation formulas are as follows: Tumor volume TV (mm3) = 1 / 2 x (a x b2), where a represents the long diameter of the tumor, and b represents the short diameter of the tumor. Relative tumor volume RTV = TVt / TV0, wherein TV0 represents the tumor volume on day 0, and TVt represents the tumor volume at each measurement. Relative tumor proliferation rate T / C (%) = (TRTV / CRTV) x 100%, where TRTV represents RTV of the treatment group, and CRTV represents RTV of the vehicle control group. Tumor growth inhibition rate TGI (%) = (1 - TW / TW0) x 100%, where TW represents the tumor weight of the treatment group, and TW0 represents the tumor weight of the vehicle control group. Weight change rate WCR (%) = (Wtt - Wt0) / Wt0 x 100%, where Wt0 represents the mouse body weight on day 0, and Wtt represents the mouse body weight at each measurement. Experimental results: After 37 days of administration, some of the compounds of the present application, including example compounds, showed excellent pharmacodynamic indexes in the Capan-1 cell nude mouse subcutaneous xenograft tumor model, including but not limited to, a tumor growth inhibition rate (e.g., a tumor growth inhibition rate greater than 80% or greater than 90%). 100002

Claims

1. A compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein,X is selected from the group consisting of -N- and -CH- optionally substituted with Rx;Rx is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, -OH, -NH2, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 haloalkylthio, C1-6 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-6 haloalkylamino;L1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R1: -NH-, C1-5 alkylene, C1-4 heteroalkylene, C2-5 alkenylene, and C1-4 heteroalkenylene;each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 haloalkylthio, C1-6 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-6 haloalkylamino;L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: 3- to 12-membered cycloalkenyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocycloalkenyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl;or L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl;R2a is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R2a1: C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, and 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl;each R2a1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 haloalkylthio, C1-6 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-6 haloalkylamino;R2b is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 haloalkylthio, C1-6 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-6 haloalkylamino;or R2a and R2b form =O together;each RB is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 haloalkylthio, C1-6 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-6 haloalkylamino;ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC: 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkenyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl;each RA is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA1: C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl;100001each RA1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, di-C1-4 alkylamino, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkoxy, C1-4 haloalkylthio, C1-4 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-4 haloalkylamino;Z is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, -S-, -O-, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more Rz: -NH- and -N(C1-6 alkyl)-;each Rz is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, di-C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 haloalkylthio, C1-6 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-6 haloalkylamino;R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-12 alkyl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10membered aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl C1-6 alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl C1-6 alkylene, 6- to 10-membered aryl C1-6 alkylene, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl C1-6 alkylene;each R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3b: =NH, =CH2, =N(C1-6 alkyl), =CH(C1-6 alkyl), =C(C1-6 alkyl)2, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-6 alkylamino, and di-C1-6 alkylamino;each R3b is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, and di-C1-4 alkylamino;each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-6 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-6 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-6 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-6 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)ORC2, -OC(O)OC1-6 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)OC1-6 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-6 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-6 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-6 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-6 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-6 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-6 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-6 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-6 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -P(O)HORC2, -C1-6 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -C1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -C1-6 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-6 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-6 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-6 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -OC1-6 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, and -OC1-6 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2;RC1 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-6 alkyl;RC2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RC3: C1-12 alkyl, C1-12 heteroalkyl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl C1-6 alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl C1-6 alkylene, 6- to 10-membered aryl C1-6 alkylene, and 5- to 10membered heteroaryl C1-6 alkylene;each RC3 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -CN, -NH2, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, di-C1-4 alkylamino, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkoxy, C1-4 haloalkylthio, C1-4 haloalkylamino, di-C1-4 haloalkylamino, -P(O)(OH)2, -C1-4 alkylene P(O)(OH)2, -C1-4 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -OP(O)(OH)2, -OC1-4 alkylene P(O)(OH)2, -OC1-4 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -OC1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -P(O)HOH, -C1-4 alkylene P(O)HOH, -C1-4 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -NRC1P(O)HOH, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene P(O)HOH, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -OP(O)HOH, -OC1-4 alkylene P(O)HOH, -OC1-4 alkylene OP(O)HOH, -OC1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)HOH, -C(O)NRC1C1-6 alkyl, -NRC1C(O)C1-6 alkyl, -NRC1C(O)OC1-6 alkyl, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-6 alkyl, -C(O)OC1-6 alkyl, -OC(O)C1-6 alkyl, -OC(O)OC1-6 alkyl, and -OC(O)NRC1C1-6 alkyl;R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy;each Rx, L1, R1, R2a, R2a1, R2b, RB, RA, RA1, Rz, R3, R3a, R3b, RC, RC1, RC2, RC3, or R4 is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents;provided that the compound of formula (I) comprises at least one RC.1000012. The compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of -N-, -CH-, -C(C1-6 alkyl)-, and -C(C1-6 haloalkyl)-;or X is selected from the group consisting of -N-, -CH-, -C(C1-3 alkyl)-, and -C(C1-3 haloalkyl)-;or X is selected from -N-.

3. The compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein L1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R1: -NH-, C2-4 alkylene, C1-3 heteroalkylene, C2-4 alkenylene, and C1-3 heteroalkenylene;or L1 is selected from the group consisting of -O- and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R1: -NH-, C2-4 alkylene, and C1-3 heteroalkylene;or L1 is selected from the group consisting of -O- and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R1: -NH-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2CH2-, -CH2OCH2-, -CH2CH2O-, -O(CH2)3-, -CH2OCH2CH2-, -CH2CH2OCH2-, -CH2CH2CH2O-, -NHCH2-, -NHCH2CH2-, -CH2NHCH2-, -CH2CH2NH-, -NH(CH2)3-, -CH2NHCH2CH2-, -CH2CH2NHCH2-, and -CH2CH2CH2NH-;or L1 is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R1: -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, -OCH2-, -OCH2CH2-, -O(CH2)3-, -NHCH2-, -NHCH2CH2-, and -NH(CH2)3-;or L1 is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R1: -(CH2)3-, -OCH2CH2-, and -NHCH2CH2-;or L1 is selected from -OCH2CH2- optionally substituted with one or more R1.

4. The compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylamino, di-C1-4 alkylamino, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkoxy, C1-4 haloalkylthio, C1-4 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-4 haloalkylamino;or each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkoxy, C1-3 haloalkylthio, C1-3 haloalkylamino, and di-C1-3 haloalkylamino;or each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, halogen, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylthio, C1-3 alkylamino, di-C1-3 alkylamino, C1-3 haloalkyl, and C1-3 haloalkoxy;or each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -NH2, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 haloalkyl, and C1-3 haloalkoxy;or each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, oxo, -F, -Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH2, -CN, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, -CH2F, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy;or each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-3 alkyl and C1-3 fluoroalkyl;or each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl, and -CH2F.

5. The compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: 3- to 10-membered cycloalkenyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkenyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl;or L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: 3- to 10-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl;or L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from 5- to 10-membered heterocycloalkenyl optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC;or L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 4- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl;or L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups100001optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: indolinyl, cyclopentenopyridinyl, dihydropyrrolopyridinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and tetrahydronaphthyridinyl;or L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: cyclopropanyl, cyclobutanyl, cyclopentanyl, cyclohexanyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, phenyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyranyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl;or L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: cyclopentenylpyridinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, and tetrahydroisoquinolinyl;or L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: cyclopropanyl, cyclobutanyl, cyclopentanyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolyl, phenyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl;or L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groups Noptionally substituted with one or more RB or RC:        ,, and;or L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of the following groupsoptionally substituted with one or more RB or RC: N^i, phenyl,,,5,or L2 is selected from a single bond, and ring B is selected from the group consisting ofor L2 is selected from -C(R2aR2b)-, and ring B is selected from the group consisting of cyclopropanyl,6.,,,,.^^2     , andThe compound of formula (IA) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC: 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 5- to 10-membered cycloalkenyl, 5- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl;or ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC: benzo 4- to 6-membered cycloalkenyl, benzo 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, and 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl;or ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC: phenyl, naphthyl, benzocyclohexenyl, benzocyclopentenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, furanyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyranyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzopyrimidinyl, benzothienyl, pyridopyrazolyl, and pyridopyrrolyl;or ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or more RA or RC: phenyl, naphthyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, indolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzothienyl, pyridopyrazolyl, and pyridopyrrolyl;or ring A is selected from the group consisting of the following groups optionally substituted with one or moreRA or RC:100001or ring A is selected from the group consisting of 0H , 0H , 0H , OH , OH ,OH        OH        OH        OH        OH          "          '         <>"          OH,,,,,,,, ,1    H°^o<Cl । ,              OCF3Nh2        oh¢, O Cl               ClOF?     CF3       CF3       CF3         CF3y 0            । °                1 0                1 0                   1   0¢ /         V HOiOH     NH2       NH2       NH2        NH2,,,, ,4 -a Y VOH         F           Cl          NH2        NH2 Cl           Cl        O 'F,,  ,,,,  ,  ,CF3              f X¥ i e CA 5- . >,   ,,,,,, ,Ci             FA 0,' ""Y Y V 'S,,, , ,  ,,,,o-X ,X ,^,^ ,'f XOH ,                                  ,4* 0 o,- -¾. ’■>? ¢-c > , ,,, , ,,,,FCY , Cc: , ^,    ,   , & .  C’ . ^, ^,FCF3 cf3                            C XCl . A' ,-A CF H2N)=<CN O'        HOP-O^N^AV- HO O XX nh2 nh2 M f^5^           6 OH             Cl,,,,  ,   ,1000017. The compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, -S-, -O-, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more Rz: -NH- and -N(C1-6 alkyl)-;or Z is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, -S-, -O-, -NH-, and -N(C1-4 alkyl)-;or Z is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, -S-, -O-, -NH-, and -N(C1-3 alkyl)-;or Z is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, -O-, -NH-, and -N(CH3)-;or Z is selected from -O-.

8. The compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-6 alkyl, 3- to 10-membered cycloalkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 10-membered cycloalkyl C1-4 alkylene, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl C1-4 alkylene, 6- to 10-membered aryl C1-4 alkylene, and 5- to 10membered heteroaryl C1-4 alkylene;or R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-4 alkyl, 3- to 10-membered cycloalkyl, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 10-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene, phenyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene;or R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-4 alkyl, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene, phenyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene;or R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-4 alkyl, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to 6membered heteroaryl, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene;or R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-4 alkyl, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 4- to 10-membered heterocyclyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene;or R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: C1-4 alkyl, 4- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, 4- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl C1-3 alkylene, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl C1-3 alkylene;or R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,100001cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, azetidinyl, tetrahydropyrrolyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizinyl, 5-azaspiro[2.4]heptanyl, tetrahydro-1'H,3'H-pyrrolo[cyclopropane-1,2'-pyrrolidine], cyclopropyl C1-3 alkylene, cyclobutyl C1-3 alkylene, cyclopentyl C1-3 alkylene, cyclohexyl C1-3 alkylene, azetidinyl C1-3 alkylene, tetrahydropyrrolyl C1-3 alkylene, morpholinyl C1-3 alkylene, piperidinyl C1-3 alkylene, piperazinyl C1-3 alkylene, hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizinyl C1-3 alkylene, hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazinyl, hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazinyl C1-3 alkylene, 5-azaspiro[2.4]heptanyl C1-3 alkylene, tetrahydro-1'H,3'H-pyrrolo[cyclopropane-1,2'-pyrrolidine]C1-3 alkylene, and imidazolyl C1-3 alkylene;or R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted with one or more R3a or RC: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, azetidinyl, tetrahydropyrrolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, cyclopropyl C1-3 alkylene, cyclobutyl C1-3 alkylene, cyclopentyl C1-3 alkylene, azetidinyl C1-3 alkylene, tetrahydropyrrolyl C1-3 alkylene, morpholinyl C1-3 alkylene, piperidinyl C1-3 alkylene, piperazinyl C1-3 alkylene, hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizinyl C1-3 alkylene, hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazinyl C1-3 alkylene, 5-azaspiro[2.4]heptanyl C1-3 alkylene, tetrahydro-1'H,3'H-pyrrolo[cyclopropane-1,2'-pyrrolidine]C1-3 alkylene, and imidazolyl C1-3 alkylene;with one or more R3a or RC: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl,or R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and the following groups optionally substituted,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,or R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, methyl, 9-100001100001, and9. The compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-4 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-4 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-4 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-4 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)ORC2, -OC(O)OC1-4 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)OC1-4 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-4 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-4 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-4 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-4 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-4 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -P(O)HORC2, -C1-4 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -C1-4 alkylene NRC1 P(O)HORC2, -C1-4 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-4 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -OC1-4 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, and -OC1-4 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2;or each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)ORC2, -OC(O)OC1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)OC1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene P(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-3 alkylene P(O)HORC2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, and -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2;or each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)ORC2, -OC(O)OC1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)OC1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, and -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2;or each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -NRC1C(O)OC1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)ORC2, -OC(O)OC1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1C(O)RC2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1P(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2, -OP(O)HORC2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)HORC2, and -OC1-3 alkylene NRC1P(O)HORC2;or each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)RC2, -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)ORC2, -OC(O)OC1-3 alkylene OC(O)RC2, -OC(O)NRC1RC2, -C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OP(O)(ORC2)2, -OC1-3 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, and -NRC1P(O)HORC2;or each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -C1-2 alkylene100001OP(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-2 alkylene OP(O)(ORC2)2, and -NRC1P(O)HORC2;or each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of -NRC1C(O)ORC2, -C1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, -NRC1P(O)(OH)2, -NRC1P(O)(ORC2)2, -NRC1C1-2 alkylene OP(O)(OH)2, and -NRC1P(O)HORC2;00oNH2or each RC is independently selected from the group consisting of o,oh , and.' °H,10. The compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 haloalkyl, and C1-4 haloalkoxy;or R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, halogen, -CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 haloalkyl, and C1-3 haloalkoxy;or R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, methyl, methoxy, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy;or R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, -F, and -Cl.10000111. The compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-10, being selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas (II), (III), (III-1), (III-1a), (IV-1), (IV-2), and (IV-3) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,andandwherein the moieties L1, R1, R2a, R2b, R3, R4, RA, RB, RC, Z, ring A, and ring B are as defined in claim 1;n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;p is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;q is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

12. The compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-10, being selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas (A), (A-1), (B), (B-1), (C), (D), (E), (E-1), (F), (F-1), (G), and (H) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,100001wherein the moieties L1, L2, X, R3a, R2a, R2b, R3, R4, RB, RC, R1, Z, ring A, and ring B are as defined in claim 1;n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;p is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

13. The compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-12, being selected from the group consisting of the following compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:100001                                                   96100001100001100001100001100001100001or being selected from the group consisting of the following compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:100001N ~7 0\i-P-OH NrH OHH°p,O,N HO'^NH2H ,O. NY n o 'yF            NClHNHOp.O ,N HO'^NH2H.

0. N°Fn—AH ON O'CF3O n-V0H H OH ^FNH2O oY'OH 7 OHO HHcr OHClCF3h2nS.OH HO-P-O6 ^NH0^NH0 rsxCNN-N'NH2N O'N O'N'H0> ,O^,NH HO'^OHHOx OHm=^N O'OH100001■1 : . ■H2N0 oP-OH1 OHO o^OH / OHN z.7 0P'OH Nr H OHCF3N O 'YNH2NCF3Clnh2ClN7 0 m-P"OH Nr H OHFnh2ClH2NOHClCF3N O 'YN-S,o o^'OH / OHClN O'N'HOko^N HO'^OHHO-P-O6 xN O'.O^ ,N.Clnh2CF3NH2o oY'OH / OHClN O'OHN O 'YNOH HO-P-NH 6o'p-oh n rH OH Fnh2OHO o-P°H 1 OHO O^'OH / OHHOS OH< Px      N^\O o-'x J / / - N"'^ JJ: HN O'M,p-OHN 5H OH1000011000011000011000015or being selected from the group consisting of the following compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:100001100001100001100001100001100001100001100001100001100001100001100001100001NNOHOHHNHN,,,,,,Cl,,,, and10000114. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-13, and optionally further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

15. Use of the compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of claims 1-13, or the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 14 for preparing a medicament for treating a disease.100001