Mobile Wearable Monitoring Systems

Abstract

Abstract A wearable apparatus and method for monitoring physiological parameters of an individual during sleep, the apparatus comprising: (a) a head-applied sensor assembly configured to be worn on the head of an individual, the sensor assembly comprising: (i) at least one electroencephalography (EEG) sensor; (ii) at least one electrooculography (EOG) sensor; (iii) at least one electromyography (EMG) sensor; and (iv) at least one photoplethysmography (PPG) oximetry sensor; and (b) an electronics module operatively coupled to the head-applied sensor assembly and configured to acquire signals from the EEG, EOG, EMG, and PPG oximetry sensors during a common monitoring period. Abstract

Description

INVE NTIO N D ESCRI PT IO N OVE RVIE W The application describes a number of subject (consumer / patient) data-acquisition, monitoring and analysis inventions including any of or any combination of: Overview The application presents a number of method and device inventions incorporating or enabling communication interface (including one or more wearable devices, or connectivity options (such as WWW, IP, LAN, WAN, supplementary / companion monitoring / sensing or computing systems, SAAS including Cloud-computing services or NAS, peer to peer connections etc.) with the means of sensing, monitoring, tracking, storing and / or analysing any of or any combination of a subject’s physiological parameters, pathological conditions, psychological states, wake, sleep, activity, fitness, health, other sentient states, associated transitions, and / or neurological parameters including option of automatic determination of the prediction, onset or incidence of health conditions / disorders or events of interest by way of incorporating characterisation and determination of processing capabilities or combinations (i.e. multivariate analysis) or clusters or ensembles applicable to any of or any combination of the following; a) A patient-wearable sleep, fitness, health, sentient state monitoring device (Somfit). b) An forehead applied sensor system incorporating a wrist-forehead interchangeable or exchangeable active electronic module (Figure 1 RHS, [1], [7]) with option of display capabilities (any of sleep measure and / or or health tracking measure) (Somfit); c) The capability of continuously transmitted sleep parameter information enabling reconstitution of the analysis of contiguous 20 or 30 seconds data epochs in order to enable online sleep staging based on these continuous epoch periods. The monitored sleep parameter data (Figure 1 LHS, [1]) can be transferred to a secondary wearable device for sleep status display purposes such as a smart watch device (Figure 1 RHS UPPER, [5]), interconnected mobile, clock or other device etc. The monitored sleep parameter data (Figure 1 LHS, [1]) can also be simultaneously transferred to additional communication networks, systems or other interconnectivity options (such as WWW, IP, LAN, WAN, supplementary / companion monitoring / sensing or computing systems, SAAS including Cloud-computing services or NAS, peer to peer connections etc.) in order to enable personalised or remote tracking, reporting or surveillance or an individual sleep and associated outcomes. d) Automatic data exchange is possible between a first applied forehead monitoring system and a second information indicator (computer based wrist watch system, mobile device, clock, bangle with indicator such as Figure 1 LHS [8] or

[10] or Figure 1 RHS [5]), whereby user / patient can track sleep progress during any stage of sleep and also as a means of tracking sleep deprivation or sleep quality (based on prior sleep or wake measures and / or circadian cycle offsets factors). e) The monitored and exchanged parameters can include sleep, health and fitness measures and indicator display capabilities, comprising one or more light-detection and applied forehead electrophysiological sleep-parameter(s) (EEG, EOG and EMG) monitoring capability, along with measures or associated indices including (but not limited to) sleep efficiency (SE), wake after sleep onset (WASO); f) The sensing, monitoring and analysis of any of or any combination of wake and sleep events, measures, states or health and environmental conditions of interest, g) One electronic part of a wearable monitoring system (i.e. in case of an interchangeable module for day activity and night sleep monitoring, for example) ora plurality of electronic parts of wearable monitoring systems (i.e. in case of separate modules such as a wrist device containing a separate module, or a microprocessor based wrist watch incorporating the day-time activity and other health tracking and / or monitoring functions, etc.) containing the for an interchangeable module for day activity 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 and night sleep monitoring, for example) can be deployed in order to provide both day activity and health monitoring and tracking, as well as night homeostatic sleep monitoring capabilities, as part of an overall wake / sleep health monitoring and tracking system; h) The said “electronic part of a wearable monitoring system” ^Figure 1 LHS UPPER, [1] and

[10] ) or Figure 1 LHS LOWER, [2] or Figure 1 RHS UPPER, [1] and [7]) can comprise of an electronic module containing any of or any combination of functions for physiological monitoring, analysis of monitored physiological parameters, storage of monitored physiological parameters, means of information flow interconnectivitv. health measures or health status indications, including sleep / wake information and / or activity information (i.e. movement, motion, steps, activity etc.) and / or other health information, i) Said “electronic module” (Somfit) incorporating means (i.e. any of or any combination of magnetic, mechanical, and / or interlocking) of being interchanged between a plurality of wearable health or environmental monitoring devices; j) Said Somffl electronic module (Figure 1 LHS UPPER [1]) or Figure 1 LHS LOWER [1]) can be attached or applied to a subject’s forehead via a compatible forehead applied sensor device (i.e. Figure 1 LHS UPPER [2] or Figure 1 LHS LOWER [2]). k) Additionally in order to enable the same Somfit electronic module device also be used for daytime or wake activity (i.e. user can transfer more expensive electronic module to wrist band holder device this enabling sleep / wake or day / night 24 hours 7 days a week monitoring from a single Somfit module with different wearable devices such as forehead system for sleep and wrist band for daytime fitness or health tracking. I) The Somfit electronic module can also incorporate display or indicator capabilities so that the module provides users indication of measures or related indices of sleep / wake as well as daytime fitness or general health tracking capabilities. m) The Somfit electronic module indicator can be monochrome or graphic displays or alpha numeric type. Alternatively the display can be simple bar-graph or other graphic or numeric indicator types presenting a range of measures of daytime fitness or general health tracking capabilities, including the analysis measures further detailed elsewhere, throughout this document. n) In one example embodiment of indicator the Somfit module can incorporate real sleep parameters by way of the forehead applied monitoring of sleep parameters (including any of or any combination of one or more of or combined channels of any of or any combination of EEG, EMG and / or EOG signals) (i.e. Figure 2 [3] and [2] whereby sleep quality or sleep parameters (including those of homeostatic sleep and / or circadian clock factors) as well as fitness or other general health or daytime parameters can be displayed in a single wearable indicator system for 24 hour, 7 day sleep / wake health tracking capabilities.) o) The said Somfit electronic module (i.e. Figure 1 RHS UPPER [1]) can also be attached (i.e. interlocked, magnetically coupled, clipped, press-stud attached, or otherwise mechanically engaged or clipped into etc.) into or as part of a plurality of wearable devices (including but not limited to) compatible wrist band device (i.e. Figure 1 RHS UPPER [8] wrist-band). Additionally, wireless or other connectivity capabilities can manually or automatically transfer the Somfit module sleep monitoring parameters from the forehead Somfit monitoring module (i.e. Figure 1 RHS UPPER [1]) to the smartwatch system (i.e. Figure 1 RHS UPPER [5]). p) A “Forehead applied sensor” incorporating at least one bipolar electrophysiological forehead electrophysiological signal (Figure 4; [8], [9],

[10] ,

[11] ,

[12] ); q) A “Forehead applied sensor” comprising of a reusable sensor; r)  A “Forehead applied sensor” comprising of a disposable sensor; s) A “Forehead applied sensor” comprising of a sensor with or without a partial or total circumference headband (Figure 4;

[13] ); t) A “Forehead applied sensor” which can comprise on one side of a sensor with selfadhesive surface and embedded self-gelled electrophysiological electrodes, whereby these said “electrode” can be exposed with the removal of backing paper; u) A “Forehead applied sensor” which can comprise on non-electrode side of said “forehead applied sensor” a means of interfacing (i.e. self-adhesive, press-stud, 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 magnetic, mechanical interlocking or other means) to said “electronic module” or a device containing or holding said “electronic module” (Figure 4; [7]); v) A “Forehead applied sensor” The said “Forehead applied sensor” can monitor at least one forehead sleep-parameter signal including any of or any combination of EEG, EOG and EMG; w) The deployment of a subject applied forehead-sensor capable of monitoring principle sleep-parameters (EEG, EOG, EMG) combined with interconnectivity with a secondary wearable communication / indicator device enables a range of sleep and wake events or disorders to be tracked and managed, including the option of corresponding countermeasures by way of therapeutic device or other forms of intervention; x) The deployment of compatible and interconnected companion patient worn devices (i.e. subject worn or related; placement of sound monitoring or environmental monitoring devices further enables monitoring and automatic tracking of wake or sleep and associated breathing disorders. Information between a group of compatible (i.e. wireless communication and information) devices (i.e. as covered elsewhere in this document:; eLifeWATCH (Figure 5, [5]), eLifeWRIST (Figure 5, [8]); eLifeCHEST (Figure 5, [4]); eLifeEXG (Figure 23), eLifeNEURO (Figure 4, [2]) which can automatically and dynamically interchange data between one of more of the said devices, enabling determination and associated indication of any combination of measures or associated indices; y) Where said “measures or associated indices” can include any of or any combination of this for fitness, health and / or sleep-parameters (personalised sleep quality, efficiency / SE, wake after sleep onset / WASO, deep-sleep body recovery period, REM sleep brain restoration period, sleep-in-progress tracking, sleep-quality progress, sleepjournal, comparative population or personalised sleep function, sleep-debt, sleepdisturbance, respiratory-disturbance, sleep-disturbance causation along with corresponding sleep improvement hints or recommendations, sleep-architecture, sleep structure, sleep fragmentation etc.). z) The deployment of a somnilink system comprising of an internet or other wireless or interconnectivity means of interfacing signals or derived measures from the Somfit system with medical therapeutic or diagnostic Internet Of Medical Devices (IOMD) whereby the Somfit can form a biofeedback (closed loop or other control incorporating Somfit measures as part of decision making processes responsible for controlling therapy administration). Where said therapy control can include sleep therapeutic devices such oral mouth adjustment systems, patient positioning devices or trainers, PAP, NIPPV and other devices. Where said therapy control can include relaxation or meditation vidual outputs or controls (i.e. massage chair control) or music or room lighting or video or 3D projections etc.). Where said therapy control can include magnetic or electrical stimulation devices. aa) The Somnisync system incorporates a means of enabling “dynamic data-exchange” of sleep parameters or other health or fitness parameters between two or more wearable devices or associated mobile wireless communication devices or computer systems. bb) Whereby said “dynamic data-exchange” can enable personalised management of wrist-bangle or other wearable device sleep and / or fitness and / or other health conditions or status; cc) This dynamic data-exchange can be via wireless interconnection between two or more wearable devices enabling a means for sleep monitored parameter data and / or associated sleep measures to be automatically displayed on a wearable display device, such as mobile phone (Figure 1, LHS, [8]), smartwatch (Figure 1, RHS, [5]), wrist bangle (Figure 1 RHS, [8]) or other wearable system; dd) This dynamic data-exchange can be via wireless interconnection between two or more wearable devices enabling a means for sleep monitored parameter data and / or associated sleep measures to be automatically displayed on a wearable display device, such as mobile phone (Figure 1, LHS, [8]), smartwatch (Figure 1, RHS, [5]), wrist bangle (Figure 1, RHS, [8]) or other wearable system; 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 ee) An electronic monitoring transfer electronic module from (with applied forehead EEG, EOG, EMG monitoring part), for example, to remove forehead applied sensor and device and transfer electronic module to a wearable wrist device wrist augment conventional daytime wrist pedometer or motion-based fitness devices with sleep measures. ff) The Somnilink forehead applied, wrist device (i.e. watch or bangle) or other wearable or attachable devices can incorporate a means of detecting room or environmental light conditions (i.e. such means include light dependent resistor or other photo-sensors essential for internationally accepted standard sleep indices such as sleep efficiency or sleep after wake onset). The output information of the light sensors can be linked to online and automatic measures applicable to sleep measures such as sleep efficiency, sleep after wake onset, sleep time, REM sleep (during sleep time), deep-sleep (during sleep-time), NON-REM sleep etc. These said light detections sensor derived measures can be displayed as part of another wearable device to provide a subject instantaneous measures or indicators of sleep function and performance. These sleep measures can be displayed in conjunction with other fitness (such as accelerometer and / or motion sensor and / or pedometer sensor measures) in order to provide a sleep and fitness tracking capability applicable to the said subject via a wearable information indicator device (such as watch or bangle) or other subject wearable or attachable device. gg) A system automatically computing a subjects intra-sleep and inter sleep progress and associated outcomes and related information (disorders, measures, indices, quality or severity of sleep and associated disorders or concerns). The present invention enables distillation of information using an information triage means (i.e. triage means can include an information dissemination process, whereby such a process is in accordance to a predefined (i.e. but not limited to empirical prior data studies, normative or disease / disorder state populations data or studies) or dynamically (i.e. but not limited to determination and / or adaptation and / or adjustment based on preceding monitored or sensed information) computed user access authority and rights covering role, qualifications, security and privacy aspects as well as appropriate user interface and information access or information content complexity levels. Said “information content” can include sleep architecture, including REM sleep and deep-sleep amount, disruptions or arousals. hh) The present invention can automatically compute and advise a subject when they should be having or need additional sleep, the quality of sleep, the improvement recommendations based on ongoing tracking and computation of a subject’s ongoing sleep tracking outcomes, as well as these said outcomes comparable to a subject’s normal sleep requirements or normative population database comparatives. The present invention incorporates a means of referencing said data bases. ii) The present invention can enable a questionnaire or sleep survey such as a validated sleep-scale or validated drowsiness scale to be deployed in conjunction with selfassessment in order to establish a set of criteria corresponding to a subject’s normal, levels or indices (i.e. REM sleep, sleep time, deep-sleep, arousal index, AH respiratory index, RERA index, overall sleep quality, and / or sleep deprived status, enabling a subject or subject’s health carer enhanced information access for improved sleep management. A further means of comparing such information with current inter-sleep and intra-sleep progress reports or related trends in order to establish recommendations based on these outcomes and recommendations of hints for subject or associated health carer (means of means of comparing such information can include reference to a subject’s personal model of sleep as established with said personal survey assessments and ongoing calibration of related “criteria” as well as comparison to patient normative data bases. jj) The present invention enables sleep-staoe-linked synchronisation of a clock or alarm system or other clock or alarm system to choose the more optimal alarm time for awakening based on user’s need to awaken versus sleep cycles of minimal adverse impact during awakening (i.e. avoid awakening during deep-sleep when longer sleep recovery may be evident, if prediction or eventuation of REM sleep stages are close-by 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 that can enable less disruptive awakening without compromising overall sleep or awakening time requirement). kkJThe present invention provides a minimal configuration comprising of a single headband sensor (Somfit) capable of monitoring brain signals capable continuous monitoring of sleep parameters (EEG, EOG, EMG) and automatic online processing to enable the determination of sleep stages (i.e. REM, non-REM stage 1, non-REM stage 2, non-REM stage 3 and stage 1). II) The present invention further provides the options of monitoring room light detection (i.e. LDR) and / or breathing sounds (i.e. snoring) monitoring and / or sleep hypopnoea monitoring via a range of other optional sensors (including any of or any combination of RIP, PVDF, piezo-electric sensor or other thoracic and / or abdomen belt; nasal cannula sensor; airflow sensor) mm) The present invention further provides the option to have the single sensor strip incorporating an embedded reflective oximeter sensor (LED with LDR), whereby the oximeter sensor can be attached or embedded in the forehead sensor providing plethysmography and oximetry with associated outputs (including any of or any combination of PTT, pulse-wave oscillatory amplitude autonomic markers of obstructive apnoea, pulse wave amplitude, pulse arterial tone). Whereby other sensors can include a “drop-down” (i.e. connects to Somfit) airflow sensor (i.e. PVDF, thermo-coupler, thermistor, nasal cannula etc.), whereby said sensor(s) can enable monitoring of sleep disordered breathing including apnoea, hypopnoea, mixed apnoea / hypopnoea. A wearable wrist-based monitoring device incorporating a gyro-meter or positional tracking system capable of inputting to automatic incorporating means of computing gait, walking characteristics (including Parkinson’s onset) including automatic analysis of long-term trending of automatic gait analysis capable of detecting fluidity of walking and manoeuvring, along with predictive assessment of associated outcomes (i.e. hint to see GP or specialist based on detected trends that may have further implications) of individual’s walking (gait) such as inability to naturally swing arms with walking stride, short or shuffling steps and difficulties (i.e. change of motion of limbs and stride associated with manoeuvring corners). Any combination of measures such as GPS, gyro-meter, motion, location data can be analysed as a marker of predefined events or health condition onset, or incidence (Figure 1 RHS, [5]). An example embodiment of watch-body modular sensor platform system incorporating any of or any combination of photo-plethysmography, oximetry plethysmography, temperature, springpressure-loaded or fixed sensor electrophysiological monitoring (i.e. conductive rubber), means of galvanic skin resistance (GSR) monitoring, Doppler ultrasound monitoring, light detection monitoring, microphone monitoring (Figure 7), a smart-phone system [1] with SAAS including Cloud-computing services interface and other connectivity options (i.e. including simultaneously interconnecting with additional communication networks, systems or other interconnectivity options including WWW, IP, LAN, WAN, supplementary / companion monitoring / sensing or computing systems, SAAS including Cloud-computing services or NAS, peer to peer connections etc.) and range of embedded sensors, applanation tonometry monitoring, Doppler blood-flow [3], PPG, temperature, GSR, pedometer / accelerometer, position, metabolism / calorie-burn tracking (Figure 7, Figure 9, Figure 13). - Whereby said means of GSR can include incorporation of a plurality of non-polarising electrodes applied to skin surface with a small constant current (i.e. 3 to 5uV), whereby electrical resistance of palmar skin is proportional to the voltage potential developed between said electrodes. - The resistance is mainly due to the semi-permeable nature of the sweat glands and associated epidermis electrical properties. - Sleep and wakefulness periods generate different electrical properties which can be tracked as a surrogate or contributory measure for sleep and wake state determination. 2026204730   18 Jun 2026 - An option of the present invention’s GSR approach includes switching or alternating the direction of the small constant current between the electrodes in order to minimise electrode polarisation effects. Example embodiment of watch-body modular sensor platform system incorporating DOPPLER ULTRASOUND MONTORING and / or TONONOMETER MONITORING detection system. Interchangeable back section (screws, pressure fits or rotational screw rear-cover fit; rubber seals can ensure water-proofing or water-resistance capability) (Figure 9). Ear-bud (earphones) worn monitoring device with combined sleep, health and fitness incorporating a range of physiological parameter monitoring sensors including GSR, temperature, pulse, motions and / or energy / heat profile characterisation for enhanced calorie burn determination (Figure 1 LHS, [3]). eLifeKIT ©vend ew - eLifeKIT provides a range of wearable or applied monitoring systems capable of working individually or as part of a cluster of interconnected systems across a common framework and health management system platform, enabling personalised health management system framework, based on a compatible health tracking and management technology; MULTIPOINT TIMB-SYNCH MONITORING (MTM) SYSTEM overview Incorporating a multipoint time-synchronisation monitoring (MTM) system capable of automatic online characterization (clock drift, offset, stability) of clock properties (i.e. drift, offset, stability) along with the calibration of the said timing characteristics by way of continuous tracking and compensation where required of all associated clock-synchronisation systems, using any combination or phase locked or open-loop control approaches. MTM incorporates calibration modes and corresponding compensation modes to minimise online or data reconstruction time-alignment errors across disparate transmission medium or multiple, simultaneous monitoring devices or systems, of a subject at any time or under varying monitoring / communication conditions. MTM can be deployed across a disparate group of monitoring systems and communication networks with the adoption of free-running, master-slave or multimodality timing reference approaches, in order to achieve minimal data acquisition misalignment with precision of time-clock synchronisation of more interrelated monitoring systems ranging from atomic-clock accuracy or as required in accordance to accuracy ranging from and reduction of associated phase or data alignment errors applicable to special-purpose or specific applications or reguirements. eLifeSLEEP overview 2the present eLifeSLEEP invention enables true sleep monitoring and tracking with the incorporation of a head applied (i.e. Somfit) system capable of monitoring principal sleep parameters for the investigation of sleep and sleep related disorders with a single small electronic device easily applied (i.e. magnetically) and disposable self-adhesive (avoids cross infection or need for pressure application to an individual’s head or forehead). eLifeCKEST / eUfeSCOPE overview (chestband) (Figure 5[3];[4]; Figure 32; Figure 33) Chest-worn monitoring device with stethoscope sleep and wake breathing sound, central versus obstructive apnoea / hypopnoea and other automatic sleep disorder tracking capabilities (Figure 1 LHS UPPER [7]). Chest-worn monitoring device with combined sleep, health and fitness 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 incorporating a range of physiological parameter monitoring sensors including stethoscope sound monitoring with online automatic breathing disorder determination and tracking, reflective plethysmography oximeter and related outputs, photo-pulse, energy / heat profile characterisation for enhanced calorie burn determination (with option of monitoring spatiotemporal dynamics of bodyheat emissions using time-gated NFIR analysis) for enhanced calorie burn determination. The present invention further comprises of obstructive versus central apnoea discrimination by way of correlating respiratory movements with respiratory effort, whereby respiratory effort can be determined by EMG and / or pulse transient oscillatory amplitude measures and / using thoracic and / or abdominal respiration circumference movement) (Figure 1 LHS UPPER [7]). The incorporation of an adaptive physiological-body monitoring (APM) system, enabling a group of mobile companion (i.e. interconnection compatibility) monitoring systems to be automatically reconfigured in terms of data-acquisition, physiological parameter data-acguisition-linked system or network properties or intercommunication properties, resources and / or parameters, information, communication and associated data-prioritisation, and other available processing system or communication system resource(s) allocation, usage and / or shared resources across devices, methods, systems and networks or interconnectivity arrangements (i.e. memory storage, buffering, etc.) in accordance to available resources or monitoring and / or communication conditions and / or available communication mediums, networks or other interconnectivity options (including simultaneously interconnecting with additional communication networks, systems or other interconnectivity options such as WWW, IP, LAN, WAN, supplementary / companion monitoring / sensing or computing systems, SAAS including Cloudcomputing services or NAS, peer to peer connections etc.) and the and / or communication pathways (i.e. wireless connectivity) at any point in time, in order to accommodate minimal monitoring study type requirements (i.e. professional medical level or consumer level study type, format and criteria) in order to minimise risk of data loss (such as during wireless connectivity degradation or disruption). The APM system adopts a substantially enhanced degree of data-acquisition / monitoring / sensing system resource and communications “elasticity” for improved system reliability and data dependability by enabling adaptation of automatic compensation of changing or unpredictable monitoring conditions such as subject’s body shrouding of wireless communication pathways, associated with wearable-monitoring devices. etifeBAND (MOBILE DEVICE & INTBGRATiD SENSOR ARMBAND) overview An armband-wom metabobsm-monHoHng device such as a mobile phone-case with combined health and fitness monitoring capabilities, incorporating a range of sensors particularly useful for determination of an individual’s energy exertion associated with estimating or predicting an individual’s metabolic rate (calorie burn) related to exercise effort, incorporating measures based on characterisation of the spatiotemporal dynamics of body-heat emissions (i.e. time-gated NFIR analysis) for enhanced calorie burn determination, whereby such means can include any number and combination of temperature sensor physiological sensing or 3-dimensional infrared heat-mapping imaging capabilities. Heat dissipation can be measured using more sophisticated means such as infrared sensor enabling body-heat dispersion and emission characterisation enabling physiological temperature as well as temporal special dynamic heat imaging for more comprehensive and precise modelling of metabolism and associated calorie burn rates (Figure 1 LHS UPPER [9]). A phone-case incorporating metabolism-monitoring capability comprising range of sensors and associated multivariate analysis to automatically compute and indicate online (i.e. via mobile App or wearable device indicator with wireless, dynamic-data exchange or exchangeable 2026204730   18 Jun 2026 electronic module compatibility or interface capabilities.) metabolism or calorie burn measures (Figure 1 LHS UPPER [9]) including spatiotemporal dynamics of body-heat / energy emissions (i.e. time-gated NFIR analysis); The present invention provides the deployment of Doppler-watch tracking (DWT) system comprising of monitoring any of or any combination of a subject’s wrist, ankle, arm, and / or other subject limb or body extremity for any of or any combination of the following Doppler and / or ultrasonic vascular or cardiac characteristics, based on periodic or continuous monitoring of any of or any combination of: -Dual channel - radial artery and ulnar artery; -Single channel - radial artery and ulnar artery; -Single channel - ulnar artery; -Single channel - radial artery; The present invention comprises of the deployment of an attachable / wearable / applanation tonometry (AAT) which can comprise of a watch, bangle or other device incorporating a means of periodic or continuous applanation tonometry (Figure 37) whereby said means applies a pressure sensor capable of measuring and / or characterisation of radial and / or ulnar artery (Figure 38) or other body artery pulsation characteristics (pulse wave-shape). Moreover the present invention can further computes the pulse wave analysis (PWA) comprising recording a period (10 seconds for example) of arterial pressure in order to derive the associated ascending aortic pressure wave, from which a number cardiovascular measurements such as central aortic systolic pressure, aortic augmentation index, and the central pulse pressure can be derived, and / or other cardiac functional measures. The human circadian rhythm is an endogenous (self-sustainedor "in-built") biological process with an entrainable physiological oscillation (rhythm) of approximately 24 hours. A typical circadian clock could be represented by the following 24-hour cyclic sequence: 00:00 Midnight - start of sleep period 02:00 - deepest sleep period 04:30 - minimal body temperature 06:45 - blood pressure undergoes most rapid pressure increase 07:30 - cessation of melatonin secretion 08:30 - likely bowel movement 08:30 - testosterone secretion at maximum 09:00 - likely bowel movement 10:00 - alertness peak 12:00 noon 14:30 - coordination at premium 15:30 - reaction time most responsive 17:00 - cardiovascular efficiency and must strength at maximum 18:30 - blood pressure peak 19:00 - body temperature peak 21:00 - commencement of melatonin secretion 22:30 - suppressed bowel movements 00:00 Midnight - start of sleep period 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 02:00 - repeat of typical circadian cycle per above The circadian clock cycle comprises of the following 3 aspects: 1. A free-running period (referred to as tau or the Greek letter “t “) with an approximate period of 24 hours; 2. An entrainment characteristic which can be reset or adapted (entrainment) by way of exposure to external stimuli such as light or temperature changes. Examples of a person’s entrainment or adjustment of their circadian clock are when a person suffers unexpected or unanticipated sleep urges resulting from jet-lag or other disruptions of conventional sleep routines. For example in cases where a person’s biological clock (circadian clock or rhythm) body has not yet adjusted or synchronised with the local time or current routine sleep / wake cycle this can occur following international travel, across different time zones, or examples such as adjusting during or following to shiftwork, or as a result of late nights during demanding study period or other events; 3. A “temperature compensation” characteristic, where the body maintains a certain cyclic nature over a range of physiologic temperatures, regardless of changing kinetic (temperatures and different thermal energy of molecular processes in cells).1 The circadian clock has a profound impact upon metabolism, general well-being and sleep / wake regulation > An association has been demonstrated between shift work and metabolic disease 2; > Studies have associated sleep time and circadian disruption with a wide range of disorders such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and gastrointestinal disorder 2; > “Social Jet Lag" (i.e. the habit of altering sleeping times on weekends has been associated with increased body weight)2; > The circadian clock regulates energy homeostasis, and its disruption, similar to social jetlag, can contribute to weight-related pathologies 2; > circadian factor plays an important role in sleep quantity; i.e. length is not dependent of on the homeostatic sleep factor, but dependent on whether you sleep in accordance to your own circadian sleep cycle (i.e. the circadian sleep cycle factor is more predominant than sleep homeostasis (sleep-urge)2; > therefore from a practical or productivity perspective, an understanding and guidance in terms of the interaction and relationship between an individual’s homeostatic and circadian processes can be an important aspect as it is important to remain awake for a significant amount of time in order to achieve high quality sleep, and also to have regular bed and rise times to achieve stable sleep duration (i.e. more time in bed to sleep or more sleep is not necessarily better quality sleep but working with versus against your circadian clock can result in the most efficient and effective use of sleep time)2; > the homeostatic sleep factors accumulate according to prior wakefulness, i.e. the homeostatic factor (sleep urge) increases the longer you are awake. Consequently this factor is believed to be of major importance for sleep quality. For example, the longer you remain awake the deeper the following sleep episode will be, as marked by an increase in slow wave EEG activity 2; > In contrast the circadian rhythm fulfills an important role in terms of sleep quantity. For example, the duration of sleep is mainly determined by when you go to bed. INVENTION DECRIPT1ON Method or device whereby a subject can control a system’s indications or associated display information (i.e. tap or gesture or touch via capacitive surface detection or touch via resistive surface detection etc.) to to^to of tefwoer? tespfey modes mffeodw of steep parameter mortem or sssootefsd tod / cos rsprsssofedoe of s         momtored stoop ototos sod measyrae mfModVe of steer dtesss sod dated monitored measures or environmental sensing. 2026204730   18 Jun 2026 The present invention provides a method or device whereby a subject can control a system indications or associated display information to toggfe gf srWtoh feefrwCT display modes reflective of monitored sleep measures or indices (i.e. bram-algmbjmkac^^        based on any of or any combination of EEG, EOG and / or EMG signal-based sleep parameter measures, as well as health and fitness measures (such as accelerometer or motion-based measures and / or as also further detailed elsewhere in this document including physiological or psychological monitoring including” and / or “Enyirgnmentai,sensing” as detailed elsewhere in this document and below; -Where in one embodiment of the present invention the subject with a wearable device (such as but not limited to headband (Figure 25 [71); universal-bipolar sensor (Figure 23); oximeter (Figure 22); legband (Figure 24); wristband (Figure 2), ankle-band (Figure 2), armband (Figure 2), earphone(s) (Figure 14), chest-band (Figure 5[31;[41; Figure 31), other attachable device or watch) can be used to measure and enable and also interrelationship with other limbs such as wrist or arm motion characteristics; -Where in one embodiment of the present invention the subject with a wearable device (such as but not limited to wristband, ankle-band, armband, earphone(s), chest-band, other attachable device or watch) can automatically or manually exchange data with a data-interface compatible device (i.e. but not limited to wireless subject-applied head EEG, EOG and / or EMG signal-based sleep parameter monitoring system) in a way that enables a subject to automatically track sleep measures, indices and overall sleep gualitv (i.e. including measures such as wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, REM sleep amount, deep-sleep amount, sleep architecture fragmentation or normality, along with other optionally and user or health-carer programmable accessible prognostic, diagnostic and subject personal-care management measures enabling sleep-debt, sleep architecture, sleep requirements to be easily accessible and trackable based on each user’s degree of required simplicity, complexity and sophistication; -Where in one embodiment of the present invention the subject with a wearable device (such as but not limited to           (Figure 25; Figure 3; Figure 4), wristband (Figure 2), ankte-band (Figure 2). armband (Figure 2; Figure 32; Figure 33). earphone(s) / earbuds (Figure 14), chestband (Figure 31). other            rfevme or (Figure 6; Figure 7, Figure 9; Figure 13) can automatically or manually exchange data with a data-interface compatible device including an alarm clock or mobile phone or other communication-compatible device. For example, information that can be exchanged includes information relating to user / patient coaching (recommendations or guide for improved health or current health status), including indicators capable of sfeep rggirejwjls based on any combination of daily health, fitness / activity and sleep-monitored parameters (including but not limited to EEG, EOG and / or EMG signal-based sleep parameter measures), and / or environmental monitoring inputs (i.e. temperature, humidity, air pollutants, airborne pollen or other air contaminants etc.). Somflt minimum eonflgurmton -the present invention provides monitoring capabilities capable of any of or any combination of including, but not limited to, EEG / P1, EEG / P2, EEG / Pz. EOG / L / P7, EOG / R / P8, patient posture or if possible multi-axis combined patient position and patient motion, infra-red breathing detection, microphone sound breathing monitoring, light detection (i.e. light detection resistor), sptowd mffec&Ve ox / wfer, optional wireless interconnectivity with any of or any combination of sensors required for any of categorisation formats applicable to fyp® ? to 4 stody types or levels as further detailed herein. Ths present mwntton comprises of phystotogtoal or environmental monitoring Including any of or any combination of; -Sound monitoring; Stethoscope auscultation sensor, monitoring and automatic analysis, classification, tracking and detection capabilities; Acoustic noise cancellation system; Motion detection; REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD); Pulse sensor integrated watch of other wrist worn device (band or bangle); Pulse wave analysis (PWA) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) monitoring and 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 analysis capability; PWA and PWV sensors; Pulse wave analysis (PWA) sensor measures; Ballistocardiograph; Position, locational and movement sensing and monitoring; Gait or movement tracking and characterisation of events of interest; Movement and locational information; ECG sensor(s) and monitoring; Light sensor(s) and monitoring; Breathing band sensors and monitoring; EMG sensors and monitoring; GSR; Cardiac function; Heart rate; Sleep training system; Plethysmography Oximetry; Pulse transient oscillation amplitude measures; Temperature; Energy-exertion / metabolism-monitoring (EM) as a surrogate calorie-burn measure; Sleep Parameters; Physiological and / or Sleep and / or Wake Markers; Sleep Parameters; Sleep Architecture Measures; Environmental sensing; "dynamically-linked capabilities"; Psychological states; Whereby the present invention comprises sensing, monitoring, data-acquisition, signal processing, analysis, storage, and information access including the online automatic characterisation of a subject / individual’s physiological, neurological, nervous system, movement system, muscular system, psychological, pathological, states, events of interest and / or health conditions including any of or any combination of the following: Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Characteristics ; Sleep Disorder Classifications; Select Sleep disorders; Dreaming States; HALLUCINATION STATES; Dissociated States; Hypnosis States ; and as further outlined below and elsewhere in this patent application document. The present invention provides                                 wmpremg »iy of orayy 47 $ 47 :7 $7 ¢7 47 ?7 •' vc J 4 xy7 s s<7 J.4 <c7 4 K.* 4 v (with alarm or alert or indicator or interface to mobile device associated or messaging, email, phone automated voice message and other information or communication systems), weather elements, wind, humidity, temperature, ionisation monitoring, ionisation smoke alarm, methane monitoring, toxic gas monitoring, toxic chemical monitoring, C02 gas monitoring, methane gas monitoring, other toxic gases, other toxic chemicals and / or thermometer, and / or as further detailed below and elsewhere in this document; -Where in one embodiment of the present invention the subject with a wearable device (such as but not limited to headband (Figure 25; Figure 4), wristband (Figure 2), ankle-band (Figure 2), armband (Figure 2; Figure 32; Figure 33). earphone(s) (Figure 14), chest-band (Figure 31), , other attachable device or watch) can automatically or manually exchange data with a data-interface compatible device including a subject’s room thermostat (or other communication-compatible device) capable of optimising sleep environmental conditions in accordance to a subject’s preferences and / or also automatically based on environmentally monitored and / or subject-specific or biological-synchronisation characterisation (i.e. delineation of snoring partner where sound is not biologically synchronised to partner, and where option exists for automatic sleep-training feedback or notification (i.e. recommendations, hints, prognostic or diagnostic supporting data access for health-carers and the like) to offending snorer (for example only) of sleep disruption incidence(s)) -Where in one embodiment of the present invention the subject with a wearable device (such as but not limited to wristband, ankle-band, armband, earphone(s), chest-band, other attachable device or watch) can                                           with a data-interface compatible device based on subject-specific or biological-synchronisation characterisation and determination, such as the delineation of snoring partner where sound is                                fo and where option exists for automatic sleep-training feedback or notification or adaptation, or adjustment is possible as it relates to caution -Where in one embodiment example of the present invention the subject with a wearable device (such as but not limited to wristband, ankle-band, armband, earphone(s), chest-band, other attachable device or watch) can automatically or manually exchange data with a data-interface compatible device based on subject-specific or biological-synchronisation characterisation and determination as it relates to another person snoring (for example only) and causing sleep disruption to the user or wearer of the present invention, whereby atfffcafen Qg / ycfes aytomatfe afayns (i.e. mobile phone messages, alarms, calendar entries, events and / or sleep-trainer system 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 and the like) or other sleep disruption deterrents applicable to recommendations, hints, prognostic or diagnostic supporting data access for health-carers or therapeutic adjustment (i.e. any of or any combination of automatic; biofeedback or manual adaptation, adjustment or reconfiguration) of user or subject wearing invention or other nearby person(s); -Where in one embodiment of the present invention the subject with a wearable device (such as but not limited to wristband, ankle-band, armband, earphone(s), chest-band, other attachable device or watch) can                                           with a data-interface can include any network connection and / or available communication mediums, networks or other interconnectivity options (including simultaneously interconnecting with additional communication networks, systems or other interconnectivity options such as WWW, IP, LAN, WAN, supplementary / companion monitoring / sensing or computing systems, SAAS including Cloud-computing services or NAS, peer to peer connections etc.). The present invention comprises of a portable device (i.e. mobile wireless system, wrist band, smart watch, phone, PDA, headband, head-worn apparatus, attachable or pocket device etc.) incorporating means of indicating and / or tracking any of or any combination of a          steep J V £ SJJXiS V VW 5 XCS 5 VSC  J S) X<- C V' X>'     V?    C » V     X^ < 5 C x S S W   V X 5 5 J     V £ £ $x»'VV <-x J c < V xVS X^ < 5 x x A’VxJ VS S 5        5 S health parameters              performance / function, the present invention further comprising any of or any combination of: -gsstora sc&Vsfed (i.e. tap motion, switch, finger slide, wrist shake etc.) as a means of toggling between any said parameters or performance / function measures or indices; -wireless monitoring capability enabling online monitoring of sleep parameters (i.e. EEG, EMG, EOG etc.); -full disclosure capacity of online monitoring of sleep parameters (i.e. EEG, EMG, EOG etc.); >whereby full disclosure includes means of displaying any of or any combination of primary monitored raw date (i.e. physiological waveform data), secondary monitored data (i.e. summaries of compressed data) and / or tertiary data (i.e. analysis transformation(s) of primary or secondary data such as, but not limited to, indices or spectral analysis, signal dynamics analysis (i.e. non-linear dynamic analysis), correlation analysis, coherence analysis, multivariate analysis, FFT and associated outputs, etc.); -incorporation of MTM capability; -incorporation of APM capability; -incorporation of HDCM capability; -synch somnisync (covered elsewhere in this patent application document); -a wearable headband device incorporating means of enabling full-disclosure (i.e. raw data such as any of EEG, EMG, and or EOG electrophysiological signal fluctuations, including capability to enable bandwidth of all sleep and other neurological events including HFOs, spikes, spindles, vertex sharp waves, or other events or health conditions covered elsewhere in this document. - incorporating means "spectral compensation" and "other compensation" in such a manner whereby EEG signals undergo analysis transformation applicable to a standardised (i.e. AASM or K&K - expand recommendations or standards) or any specific or conventional EEG electrode locations; -“spectral compensatton" and "other compensation" can comprise of a spectral transfer characteristics, phase transfer characteristics, signal amplitude, signal distortion, multiple signal superposition, capable of compensating for neural source locations otherwise attenuated by non-obtrusive monitoring constraints (i.e. forehead positions below hair- line such as Fp1, Fp2, F7, F8 and / or Fz) versus standardised positions such as (but not limited to) EEG locations traditionally utilised for EEG sleep monitoring parameters (i.e. including F4 - M1; C4 - M1; 02 - M2; with backup monitoring electrodes including F3 - M2; C3 - M2; o1 - M2 sleep monitoring electrode locations). - whereby said EEG signal compensation transfer characteristics incorporate a means of emulating the EEG signal characteristics similar to another "designated alternative location" or "traditional location", -whereby said determination of a "designated alternative location" can comprise of -whereby said determination of a "designated alternative location" can comprise of transfer characteristics based on empirical data studies investigating the comparative EEG signal characteristics of different EEG locations during sleep states in order to enable the relationship and associated transfer function required to convert; -whereby the EEG signal of a first monitored location can be processed by a transfer function capable of generating (modelling) a data set applicable to the approximate date ate values of a EEG -whereby said transfer function is modelled in order to most precisely simulate data of the second location applicable to difference sleep stages (i.e. AASM or R&K sleep scoring recommendations); - The present invention enables a means of full disclosure online signal monitoring, sleep stage analysis, ongoing (whereby means includes the capability to access real-time sample by sample or regularly        mstefew mretftored mtoafen te order to compute measures toteoabw of oootmuous, rmmtorrapted, ra^cfata, versus only summaries or compressed versions of data, in order to enable diagnostic quality and industry standard (i.e. ASSM and / or R&K scoring recommendations of human sleep, respiration and other related aspects) and along with the capability to generate accurate measures of monitored sleep variables, derive measure of sleep progress, performance, and status (i.e. and other sleep measure, but not limited to, as further outlined in section                             jmdtor teetoers;” and other sections detailed elsewhere in this document) and also enable capability for online remote or local online analysis. -whereby said analysis and monitoring capabilities can be updated online or in virtual real-time so that an individual can read a display indicator (including wireless linked to sleep parameter (i.e. EEG, EMG and / or EOG) monitoring system) at any time during the subject's sleep or associated wake states using a patient worn or mobile or remote computer device or information access system; The present invention enables a wearable mobile monitoring system comprising of a means of wafe audtor steep Psadd           and management, the said means comprising any of or any combination of (but not limited to) descriptions presented elsewhere in this patent application document including a) Forehead apphed physiological monitoring sensore, b) Re-usable or disposable sensors, o) Reusable or tesposates sensors atenmatto reload dispenser device, d) Continuous online sleep parameter (EEG, EOG, EHSG) monitoring and sleep analysis, e) Wearable monitoring, I) Exohangeable / lnterchangeable part with dynamic data exchange, g) Infrared resplrology or body heat flux monitoring, h) Body position and / or position and / or movement, I) Movement and / or motion, j) Oximeter, k) PPG, as further outlined here: a) Forehead applied physieiusicai monitoring sensors - the present invention enables the monitoring of 1 or more forehead applied physiological monitoring sensors with option of deriving a plurality of sleep parameters from any one or more said sensor(s); - option whereby said "sleep parameters" monitoring includes any of or any combination of EEG, EOG, EMG, and / or ECG; - option whereby said "sleep parameters" includes any of or any combination of those further detailed under sub-headings section headed “ ELIFEKIT:” AND ELIFECHEST / ELIFESCOPE (CHESTBAND) (FIGURE 5131:141: FIGURE 16: FIGURE 31)” DESCRIBED ELSEWHERE IN THIS PATENT APPLICATION DOCUMENT; -option of forehead applied electrodes which can comprise of partial or total head, forehead and or face coverage; - option of self-adhesive forehead applied strip, whereby pressure interface in order to attain a quality electrode connection for monitoring of sleep parameters from patient / subject's forehead is not required; -option of disposable self-adhesive forehead applied strip; -the present invention provides the option of disposable self-adhesive forehead applied strip with electrode dispenser device capable of automatically discarding old sensor and replacing with new sensor; 2026204730s 18 Jun 2026 cl Reusable or dfeeosabfe sensors automatte reload disueiiser device - the present invention provides the option of disposable self-adhesive forehead applied strip with electrode dispenser device capable of automatically discarding old sensor and replacing with new sensor, whereby said sensor dispensing device is part of packaging system of a pack of new selfadhesive sensors; - the present invention provides the option of dBposabte self-adhesive forehead applied ship with electrode dispenser device capable of automatically discarding old sensor and replacing with new sensor, whereby said sensor dispensing device is part of packaging system of a pack of new self-adhesive sensors, and whereby said dispensing device comprises any of or any combination of (but is not limited to) a) enabling replacement of monitoring sensor from forehead monitoring strip, b) - sensor injector and eject process that removes and safely stores or contains used sensor while or subsequently applying new sensor, with option of single action push, discard old sensor and reload new sensor; - where, for example farehead sensor strip san be push loaded unto and then retracted from the said sensor dispenser device as a means (i.e. a spring tensioned dispenser mechanism can push new replacement sensor onto forehead sensor holder device, while used sensor at the same time is peeled off and discarded. The reloaded sensor and forehead sensor can then be ejected with single depression of ejection button / lever in order to access reloaded sensor system. > In this way a package of disposable elsotrodes can be loaded into a sensor reloading device which In a single push action enables a used sensor to be peeled away from Somfit device and discarded, while new sensor's backing paper can be peeled away ready for adhesion to Somfit device, followed by a further spring-loading mechanism being activated at the downward extremity during insertion of the Somfit insertion into sensor dispenser device, in order for the new sensor (backing paper now peeled back) to now be pressure applied via a sensor spring-loaded mechanism, and finally ejection of the Somfit from the sensor dispenser device can result in a loaded sensor with the option of a quality control code transfer from the dispenser device verifying operation and transmitting a warranty violation and risk code where counterfeit sensors are being used; >The present invention provides continuouss uninterrupted sleep parameter monitoring including (but not limited to) any of or any combination of EEG, EMG, EOG monitoring for online accurate, continuous, uninterrupted sleep / wake hypnogram and associated sleep quality determination and coaching, and / or intelligent clock interface (i.e. wrist watch or alarm clock settings); dU                                    (EEG; EOCE EMG1                sleets ^.e^lvsis > the present invention provides continuous EEG monitoring with associated analysis capable of the (time period segmentation) and                            (i.e. such as but not limited to wake, N1, N2, N3, REM) and / or sleep events (i.e. such as but not limited to spindles, k-complexes, vertex-waves, alpha-bursts, body movements, arousals etc.), and / or sleep measures (i.e. not limited to measures covered elsewhere in section including but not limited to) or indices (i.e. but not limited to sleep efficiency / SE, wake after sleep onset (WASO), respiratory event related arousals / RERA, therapeutic event related arousals / TERA, apnoea / hypopnoea index / AHI, sleep disturbance index / SDI, respiratory disturbance index / RDI, sleep fragmentation, percentage and amount of each sleep stage, total sleep time / TST, sleep hypopnoea, sleep delay syndrome delay factors, residual daytime sleepiness / RDS, arousal index / AI, degree and other sleep measures such as but not limited to sleep disorders or other events of interest (i.e. including but not limited to events of interest “DENIFITION”, as described elsewhere in this document); -whereby said                           comprises of segmenting data in blocks of time such as 30 seconds; -whereby said ppped-based sfegp stages determination can comprise of local (micro-processing device or DSP system forming part of monitoring sensor or device) and / or available communication mediums, networks or other interconnectivity options (including simultaneously interconnecting with additional or supplementary communication networks, systems or other interconnectivity options such as WWW, IP, LAN, WAN, supplementary / companion monitoring / sensing or computing systems, SAAS including Cloud-computing services or NAS, peer to peer connections etc.). > the present invention wearable monitoring (including option of mobile wireless interconnected) devices or associated system van comprise of any of or any combination of example monitoring embodiments per Figure 1 to Figure 94. .Q                             part with dyuamfc data exchange The present invention incorporates a                       and / or exetepgg&fe between two or more wearable devices / systems as a / / O / B / Z / feM / / / . / / ®^                                  the invention further comprising any or any combination of: -the said                         can include any of or any combinations of connectivity with available communication mediums, networks or other interconnectivity options (including simultaneously interconnecting with additional or supplementary communication networks, systems or other interconnectivity options such as WWW, IP, LAN, WAN, supplementary / companion monitoring / sensing or computing systems, SAAS including Cloud services or NAS, peer to peer connections etc.), various data-communication channels and / or different mediums, cellular network, optical communications network, Wi-Fi, blue-tooth, satellite, SMS, copper communications network, Wi-Fi, pager alerts, automatic phone alerts, calendar updates, social or business information interfaces, etc. -the said                                      “ can comprise of an electronic element or component of a first wearable device which has means of attachment (i.e. but not limited to magnetic interlocking, mechanical interlocking, adhesive interlocking, material or matter interlocking etc.) or interconnectivity with a second wearable device and / or other nearby device, -the said of ooo&ftoo            ocooss          to            oo woff os ooooro / can include combining, sharing, exchanging indications, displays, data storage, data processing, deriving indices, based on sfew mcw / ored           or associated measurement derivations (i.e. such as EEG, EOG, EMG, breathing sound, room or environmental sound, room light conditions, airflow, reflective plethysmography oximetry and associated outputs (pulse wave amplitude / PWA, pulse arterial tone / PAT, Pulse arterial tone / PTT, pulse-wave oscillatory amplitude autonomic markers of obstructive apnoea to enable central versus obstructive discrimination (i.e. the increased activation of breathing muscles evoke additional blood-flow, which in turn appear as discernible oscillatory or amplitude fluctuations which can be detected using signal morphological, spectral and other events extraction techniques), along with other monitored sleep parameters or associated measures outlined elsewhere in this document) and other / 5® / ®® / ®^ -whereby the present invention can enable “separate or combined sleep and / or other health and / or fitness measures and / or information” to be indicated or displayed as part of any wearable devices (i.e. wrist device, watch, clock etc.); -whereby said can include dynamically exchanging (i.e. dynamic data exchange / DDE) data comprising of any said “separate or combined sleep and / or other health and / or fitness measures and / or information”, or other health status or progress; g) tofrared respiratogy / thennai airflow or body heat flux OKmitortaH The present invention can incorporate one or more "attached infrared" breathing monitoring sensor(s) and / or skin heat flux monitoring centre(s) (body energy dissipation via skin surface, enabling measure of energy or calories burning / metabolic-activity of subject); In one embodiment the present invention can comprise of one or more infrared sensors with option of associated lens in a manner whereby the sensor is incorporated as part of a forehead sensor that can be located and the sensor directed to detect a subject's breathing and associated breathing disorders; 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 The said "infrared sensors" can be combined with one or more lens systems capable of focussing respiration heat change associated with subject's oral and / or nasal breathing inspiration and expiration towards direction of infrared sensor; The said "infrared sensor" can comprise of thermal sensors including any of or any combination of (but not limited to) photo diode, photo conductive, photovoltaic, pyro-electric types; The said "infrared sensor" can comprise of photonic (photo-detectors) including any of or any combination of (but not limited to) charge coupled device or active pixel sensors (CMOS); 111 The present invention can incorporate one or more subject / patient body / position sensors; The present invention can incorporate one or more movement and / or motion sensors (i.e. but not limited to one or more axis accelerometers) as detailed elsewhere in sections titled “Position, locational and movement sensing and monitoring”; 0 Oximeter and / or PPG -The present invention can incorporate one or more attached photo-plethysmography (PPG) sensor(s), and / or reflective oximeter(s) with the option of plethysmography function, as detailed elsewhere in sections titled “Plethysmography Oximetry and / or photo-plethysmography (PPG)”; Rj                  or bociv                 oh'How oionHoHncs -wearable sound monitoring (i.e. but not limited to forehead or, head or body attached microphone) incorporating combination of breathing sound (i.e. but not limited to microphone) and other physiological signal (i.e. thermal airflow monitoring including, but not limited to infrared sensor capable of tracking airflow temperature changes related to breathing subject / patient) as a means of discriminating between subject / patent / user of interest versus other person (i.e. but not limited to sleeping partner snoring); -the present invention combines one or more wearable monitoring systems (i.e. but not limited to head attached or applied device with sound or thermal monitoring sensor(s))) and / or one or more microphone sensors capable of distinguishing of differentiating two or more sound sources in order to detect breathing sounds of one or more subiect(s) / patient(s) / individual(s) / user(s); -whereby means of monitoring breathing sounds (i.e. a measure of monitoring any of or any combination of sound, airflow, thermal breathing characteristics related to inspiration and / or expiration and / or aspirating and / or nasal aspirating and / or oral aspirating of a subject / patent / user) can incorporate tracking breath for variations in magnitude or cessation of breathing in a manner where hypopnoea (i.e. such as but not limited to reduced breathing for a period) and / or where apnoea (cessation of breathing for a period) and or hypoxia (i.e. such as but not limited to sustained reduction in breathing), along with other sleep breathing disorders; -whereby such monitoring can incorporate a means of determining one or more sleep / wake states or stages of said subject / patent / user; 1) Forehead sensor wUh muMfenottonaf phystotogtoaf parameters appfmabte to dtegrresis and prognosis of a sabjcct / pattertes tree homeostatic steep / wate, circadian ciack and associated steen disorder factors -the present invention provides a wearable forehead sensor (one or more sensors and / or electrophysiological electrodes) strip sleep monitoring system incorporating means of monitoring any of or any combination of sleep parameters (i.e. EEG, EOG, EMG). along with any of or any combination of (but not limited to) monitoring, determination and / or tracking of: 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 - sleep disordered breathing monitoring and associated event determination (i.e. microphone and / or thermals respiration determination - i.e. infrared breathing detection), and / or environment light sensing (i.e. light dependent resistor enabling computation of sleep efficiency and other measures), - body temperature measures applicable to estimation or determination or contribution to circadian clock cycle computation; - one or more “clock” determinations (including circadian clock (CC) factors (as well as any of or any combination of a subject / individual’s travel, work, social, relation, schedule (i.e. clock, calendar, itinerary, agenda, requirements for any of or any combination of (but not limited to) sleep / wake, work, social activities, leisure, relaxation, sports or exercise activities; whereby “clock” refers to daily or weekly schedules according to an individual’s social schedule (i.e. “social clock) or work schedule (i.e. work clock) or travel agenda / schedule (travel clock) etc.; - environmental time determination (i.e. via information access to inbuilt GSM, GPS or interconnectivity with mobile device, clock, clock settings, clock or time applications etc.); -monitoring, determination and / or tracking of activity or motion detection as a measure of actigraphy and / or patient position; - circadian clock cycle or offset and other factors with relation to environmental clock, time-zone conditions, and / or other applicable subject / user time factors (i.e. via calendar or schedule or itinerary information access to enable determination of social clock, work clock, leisure clock, sleep / wake clock and outcomes including offset with CC along lack or synchronisation or implications of sleep gualitv risk (i.e. due to asynchronous relationship with CC), sleep urge risk (i.e. result of previous sleep / wake historical information), sleep duration versus sleep quality risk as a result of CC offset factor, etc.); - sound envelope analogue signal or digital data processing capabilities (i.e. ability to track sound envelope where memory storage and processing requirements are otherwise prohibitive in terms of processing higher bandwidth sound waveform signals, for example, (i.e. as a data reduction mechanism for sleep breathing disorder monitoring whereby sound envelope can be extracted before or after data acquisition, signal processing or memory storage; - with further option of the incorporation of a forehead oximeter (including option of plethysmography reflective with capability of deriving oximeter outputs including any of or any combination of pulse wave amplitude (PWA), pulse arterial tone (PAT), characterisation of plethysmography amplitude as a means of distinguishing obstructive (i.e. generation of oximeter plethysmography waveform oscillation corresponding to autonomic disruption evident during obstructive sleep apnoea autonomic disturbances), - Wearable forehead strip sleep monitoring system incorporating an active circuit element able to be interchanged between wrist mounted monitoring system (i.e. containing motion, position, stride (including interaction with mobile phone motion detection as a measure of stride versus arm motion symmetry and / or synchronicity applicable to movement or neural disorders such as Parkinson gait dysfunction); - characterisation of subject motion, body movements, body vibrations, by using multi-axis accelerometer (i.e. whereby any one (i.e. spectral segmentation in accordance to primary energy band of various monitoring goals such as gait / fall / cardioballistogram; stride symmetry or synchronicity between and of subjects extremities or limbs and body) or plurality of single or multiaxis accelerometer sensors can monitor and determine any of or any combination of subject / patient physiological or movement monitoring including any of or any combination of capable of: 1) cardioballistogram such as via sensing of cardiac pulse variations; 2) subject / patient body position / posture; 3) subject gait or stride characteristics including but not limited to stride symmetry or synchronicity between and of subjects extremities or limbs and body applicable to activity or disorder tracking ( i.e. Parkinson's movement disorder); 4) determination of subject / patient walking or jogging or running steps; 6) fall / trip / stumble determination; -whereby means of "monitoring and / or characterisation of subject motion, body movements, body vibrations, by using multi-axis accelerometer" can comprise any of any combination of: 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 >QRST STEF COMPRISING SUBJECT MONITORING with one or more physiological signal channels, including those sensor monitoring channels for motion detection (i.e. accelerometer with one or more axis,), pressure sensor channels such as measurement of cardioballistogram, pulse or tonometry vascular pressure changes; >S£CQFD FFOCESS STEF / SEGSQH S / GGAE FSOCESSS / GJ involving the signal processing (i.e. amplification and / or filtering of accelerometer) of one or more signals from a single or multi-axis accelerometer (i.e. 3 or more axis but not limited to); involving acquisition (i.e. by way of analogue to signal acquisition or acquisition of digital data in accordance to sensor format or requirements); 2026204730   18 Jun 2026 FFOCFSS STZOBJ comprises any of or any combination of analyses including (but not limited to) the analysis options present elsewhere in this document including but not limited to provisions further detailed under Figure 1 to Figure 99, but particularly as it applies top examples of ANALYSIS VARIANTS INCLUDING THOSE APPLICABLE TO GAIT OR MOTION ANALYSER INCUDING PARKINSON ONSET SYMTOMS AND / OR COMBINED SBD SLEEP BEHAVIOUR DISORDER DETERMINATION (Figure 45 [51) excessive motion associated with REM without atonia as with during RBD, or associated with restless legs syndrome, or with muscle processing disorders such as fibromyalgia per Figure 75 [20TJ22D; also as further detailed under heading “Motion detection and / or aaigraph^’, “REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD)”, “Poise levice (baud or bangle)”, “Pulse wave analysis sensors, “Pulse wave analysis (PWA) sensor measures”, “Baliistoeardiograph”, “Position, locational and movement sensing and monitoring”, “Movement and locational information”, “Gait or movement tracking and characterisation of events of interest”, covered elsewhere in the “eLifeCHEST / eLiteSCOre* section of this document. FQygTW              (ANALYSIS - SPECTRAL OPTION) incorporating FFT or other monitored spectral, morphological / pattern, signal dynamics (i.e. NLDB), coherence (or other analysis correlation or variance approaches) between two or more sensor outputs, amplitude or power analysis designed to characterise characterisation of subject motion, body movements, body vibrations, in terms of signal sources (i.e. in terms of the segmenting movement signals according to motion characterisation along with associated motion source association, such as stride versus arm motion symmetry and / or synchronicity applicable to movement or neural disorders such as Parkinson gait dysfunction; fall-detection; activity versus idiopathic RBD with associated muscle tonicity changes (i.e. REM sleep without atonia); steps; movement; hyperkinesia (exaggeration of unwanted motion), such as twitching or writhing in Huntington’s disease or Tourette’s Syndrome; tremor, or other movements; diagnosis and treatment of movement disorders, including Parkinsonian Tremor, Restless Legs Syndrome, Dystonia, Wilson’s Disease or Huntington’s disease; bradykinesia (i.e. slowness of movement) and dyskinesia (i.e. diminished voluntary movements; involuntary movements), whereby any of or any combination of analysis techniques covered elsewhere in this document including but not limited to Figure 1 to Figure 99, but particularly as it applies top examples of ANALYSIS VARIANTS INCLUDING THOSE APPLICABLE TO GAIT OR MOTION ANALYSER INCUDING PARKINSON ONSET SYMTOMS AND / OR COMBINED SBD SLEEP BEHAVIOUR DISORDER DETERMINATION (Figure 45 / 57).-excessive motion associated with REM without atonia as with during RBD, or associated with restless legs syndrome, or with muscle processing disorders such as fibromyalgia per Figure 75 [201;[22D; also as further detailed under headings “Motion detection and / or actigraphy”, “REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD)”, “Pulse sensor integrated watch of other wrist worn device (band or bangle)”, “Pulse wave analysis (PWA) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) monitoring and analysis capability”, “PWA and PWV sensors, “Pulse wave analysis (PWA) sensor measures”, “Ballistocardiograph”, “Position, locational and movement sensing and monitoring”, “Movement and locational information”, “Gait or movement tracking and characterisation of events of interest”, covered elsewhere in the “eLifeCHEST / eLifeSCOPE” section of this document. whereby motion and / or patient position analysis techniques including any of or any combination of analysis techniques covered elsewhere in this document including but not limited to “Position, locational and movement sensing and monitoring ”, “Movement and locational information ”, “Gait or movement tracking and characterisation of events of interest”, cove red elsewhere in the “eLifeCHEST / eLifeSCOPE” section of this document, and whereby these analyses can be applied to any of or any combination of sensor outputs (i.e. including a plurality of accelerometer axes); FFyglgFWSSStePcan include gyro sensor positional (based on vertical or horizontal positioning degree) outputs as a measure of a subject / patient's gait and / or smoothness and / or staggered stride or walk, whereby motion and / or patient position analysis techniques including any of or any combination of analysis techniques covered elsewhere in this document including but not limited to provisions further detailed under heading “Position, locational and movement sensing and monitoring”, covered elsewhere in the “eLifeCHEST / eLifeSCOPE” section of this document; analysis outcomes can be deployed as part of prognosis or diagnosis determination for a subject / individual; whereby said analysis outcomes and / or associated results can be disseminated in terms of messages, events, calendar information or data access, information networks (social, work, professional etc.); CIRCADIAN TEMPERATURE CYCLE DETERMINATION VERSUS LOCAL ENVIRONMENT AND / OR SLEEP / WAKE / ACTIVIT¥ / WORK - A nub of the present invention’s personal health management system is to automatically determine and indicate, coach, alert, message, CC entrainment stimulation applicable to subiect / patient / user based on CC input factors, a range of scenarios, covering sleep guality and length relating to the interrelationship or the manner the said subject works with or against their natural CC; - Moreover, the present invention can provide a number of entrainment scenarios such as the intervention with subject-wearable device or environmental lighting as a means various degrees of advancing or delaying a subject’s phase response curve (i.e. a subjects inbuilt circadian curve phase relationship with external clock factors, including social, time-zone, work, work-shift, study requirements etc.) applicable to minimising delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) or advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD) according to a subject’s health- care oversight or intervention and / or an individual’s personal preferences or requirements and / or occupational hazard and safety considerations; - The present invention can automatically or via manual assistance activate light intensity and type (i.e. visible blue light with short wavelength, and stronger melatonin suppression affect can be deployed as part of an automatically computed CC entrainment treatment regime, versus longer wavelength light) as well as the timing functions of such light therapy (i.e. light-therapy in the evening can enable CC phase delay, while light therapy in the day can product CC phase advancement); - The present invention can automatically (or with manual intervention option) control entrainment factors (i.e. lighting timing and / or lux intensity and / or melatonin dosage and administration timing or recommendation), as well as the option of recommending or setting bed-times or alarm clock settings, in accordance to a subject / patient (or healthcare advisor) social, work, travel requirements or environmental factors; - The present invention can advise / coach and / or automatically adjust said CC entrainment in accordance to subject / patient / user preferences, selections or personalised scenario choices (i.e. more aggressive adjustment over a shorter period of days or more moderate CC adjustment over a longer period of days); - The present invention can automatically access a travel agenda and based on any of or any combination of these or other CC and sleep homeostatic factors: >sleep duration; >sleep time; >bed-time; >sleep quality; >sleep urge or deprivation; >work-clock, social-clock; >CC phase offset with any other said clock: >alarm clock settings: >map application visual annotation showing various travel agendas and likely CC adjustment consequences such as the east-west travel versus west-east varying travel jet-lag factors; >various travel schedule such as in one embodiment the present invention can automatically access or interface travel information relating to one or more travel itineraries as a means of generating optimal travel itineraries in accordance to CC entrainment options or optimal 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 subject / patient / user performance outcomes in terms of subject’s peak energy CC levels or a subject’s optimal sleep bed-times and / or sleep duration times; >agenda interface to a travel scenarios based on user’s preferences in terms of prioritising these said factors, various alarm clock schedule scenarios based on subject / patient / user prioritising these said factors; >various map application including annotations or associated information annotation of CC versus other environmental clock / jet-lag / social / work / sleep deprivation-urge / sleep duration / sleep-quality etc.; > alarm clock schedule scenarios based on subject / patient / user prioritising these said factors) sleep taking into account known etc., applicable to personalised subject / patient / user preferences for CC versus social-clock, versus work-clock, versus solar clock, versus time-zone clock, versus sleep duration versus sleep quality versus bed times versus sleep times; the present invention can measure environmental lighting conditions applicable to subject / patient / user (i.e. via wearable device such as watch, mobile device etc.) in order to provide coaching or guidance to treat winter depression or other forms of depression or delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), or compensate for offset between CC and environmental (i.e. time zone or solar clock factors or behavioural clock properties (i.e. social clock, work-clock, shift-works, travel / jet-lag clock, clock and associated requirements or planning / scheduling preferences), whereby said coaching can include CC offset therapy (i.e. light therapy, melatonin medication, adaptation of homeostatic sleep factors (i.e. optimal increasing of a subject / patient / user’s awake period to enable higher quality sleep and alignment of CC with sleep patterns or vice versa); the present invention can automatically incorporate all CC entrainment factors, indication aspects, alarm clock functions, light detection functions, coaching and / or messaging and / or alert functions, into a single application as part of a wearable or mobile device; The present invention can determine circadian clock nadir factors (i.e. body temperature and / or interval from body temperature nadir to sleep offset) including subject / patient / user’s with delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) in order to optimise CC entrainment (i.e. light therapy including glasses with blue light projected towards subject / patient / user retina as a stimulus -can be blocked form forward projection based on shaded or blocked upper section of glasses in order to minimise obtrusive or obvious nature of such treatment), whereby light exposure prior to the nadir of the core body temperature rhythm can produce phase delay, whilst light therapy (bright light therapy) administered after nadir can result in advancement of phase; The present invention can track sleep-wake rhythms and characterise a lack of clearly discernible circadian patterns of sleep-wake time, as a marker or potential prognosis of irregular sleep-wake rhythm; The present invention can in incorporate sleep-wake rhythms and characterise a lack of clearly discernible circadian patterns of sleep-wake time, and / or questionnaire outcomes relating to excessive sleepiness , unrefreshing sleep, and / or insomnia that vary in accordance to work schedule as a marker or potential prognosis of shift work disorder (SWD); Circadian algorithm: circadian-automatic regressive analysis modelling with context analysis Whilst conventional scientific laboratory measures of circadian clock temperature cycles implicate core body measures generally not suited to routine or circadian monitoring (rectal temperature probe monitoring), in contrast a nub of the present invention is to enable the derivation of an individual's (subject / patient / user’s) natural inbuilt (endogenous) circadian temperature by way of circadian»automatic regressive analysis modelling with one or more external inputs (CRX). The said oircadlamautomatic regressive analysis modelling can incorporate context analysis; a) Circadian algorithm processing: context analysis whereby said context analysis (not limited to) in one embodiment example of a model only can include inputs to the said model comprising of an individual’s inbuilt circadian rhythm clock information can include any of or any combination of (but not limited to): 2026204730   18 Jun 2026 s CircaUiaa asgonthm mput; survey(s) or trarlruig sub^ert / pauest 5555555555555555555^ - input data via patient or other person based on survey(s) or tracking subject / patlent information, such as sleep propensity or sleepiness information such as with Epworth Sleepiness scale or other survey / scales / measures, or routine sleep, wake, work, recreation and / or other active routines, similar data derived from applications such as health apps or calendars, schedulers, health applications, wearable or mobile devices etc.; c) Circadian algorithm input: sloop study Information -data accessed or input automatically, manually or via computer-assistance relating to steep d) Circadian aigrsrithm input: steep monitoring studies or applications -data accessed or input automatically, manually or via computer-assistance relating to sleep monitoring studies us" applications associated with the present invention’s monitoring, system, applications, or other application capabilities (i.e. such as, but not limited to, those further outlined elsewhere this document); a) Circadian algorithm input; information relating to fitness, health monitoring and / or -information relating to fitness, health monitoring and / or related appiieatiurss associated with the present invention’s monitoring, system, applications, or other application capabilities (i.e. such as, but not limited to, those further outlined elsewhere this document);data accessed, input automatically, manually or via computer-assistance or derived relating to f) Circadian algorithm input; Information or information derivations based on sleep, fitness or other health applications, devices and / or systems -information or derivation from any combination of information such as (but not limited to) a clock or mobile phone or other software applications or systems containing information relating to subject / pati ent’s activity, sports, work, sleep, wake, alarm clock, schedules or routines or timing data; g) Circadian aigrsrithm input: local or new time zone information -local or new time zone information (i.e. but not limited to GSM, GPS, radio clock or other timing source); h) Circadian algorithm output; phase shift between inbuilt circadian dock and local environment time-zone whereby outputs of said context analysis model (not limited to) in one embodiment example of a model only can include any of or any combination of (but not limited to): -phase shift between inbuilt circadian slock rhythms and local environment time-zone properties or related subject / patient schedules or required routines and / or time cycles; i) Circadian algorithm output; coaching or recommendation of optimal alarm clock or scheduling -coaching or recommendation of optimal alarm clock or scheduling or timemanagement aspects based on any of or any combination of said model inputs; |) Circadian algorithm processing; auto-regression estimation of natural or inbuilt estimation of local or new environment circadian clock / rhythm -auto-regression estimation of natural or inbuilt subject / patient’s circadian clock / rhythm; -auto-regression estimation of local or new environment subject / patient’s circadian clock / rhythm; kj Circadian algorithm processing options: auto-regression sstimation / dotermination of subject wearable or attachable temperature sensors / probes wherebv c taw ease filtering function capable of emphasising low frequency cyclic changes for derivation of naiurai / inbush or new environment circadian clock / rhvthm status or requirements The automatic regressive analysis can be subject wearable or attachable temperature sensors / probes whereby a low pass filtering function capable of emphasising low frequency cyclic changes (i.e. 24 hour circadian core temperature changes versus external environment or shorter term activity or exercise mainly independent of circadian core temperature changes); I) Circadian algorithm inputs: “external inputs” including derivation of natural circadian The said “external inputs” can include any of or any combination of (but not limited to): - natural or derivation of natural circadian stack (i.e. via any of or any combination of temperature measures and / or EEG measures); - new environment or time zone 24 hour cycle (i.e. based on GSM, GPS, radio clock, mobile phone or watch determination etc.); - subject / patient actual sleep monitored slsep / wake cycle (including but not limited to sleep parameter based (i.e. any of or any combination of but not limited to EEG, EOG, EMG measures and associated sleep stage or sleep cycle or sleep hypnogram derivations); o) Circadian algorithm inputs: existent known knowledge based on the association between -existent known knowledge based on the association between siasp / wake and the natural cyclic circadian clock and / or sleep cycles and / or core body temperature cycles (i.e. low core temperature on REM sleep etc.). -aggregated knowledge (i.e. per accumulated knowledge and transition of information to knowledge per artificial intelligent or expert system self-learning capability examples in Figure 77knowledge base, real-world inputs, inference engine and workspace: Figure 78. Figure 79, middle-block to Figure 80, [121J13J14D based on subject / patient's association between sleep / wake and the natural cyclic circadian clock and / or sleep cycles and / or core body temperature cycles (i.e. low core temperature on REM sleep etc.). p) Circadian algorithm inputs: "subject wearable or attachable temperature sensors / probes” The said "subject wearable or attachable temperature sensars / probss‘’ can include any of or any combination one or more the temperature sensors attached or embedded as part of the earbuds / earplugs with combined audio monitoring function described elsewhere in this patent. Moreover the present invention can further delineate between external temperature with thermistors positioned to detect current environmental temperature (i.e.one or more temperature sensors incorporated as part of any of or any combination of wearable devices / probes (i.e. watch, mobile phone, earbuds, chest-wall monitor, armband monitor, head, body extremity, body-orifice etc. monitoring). qj Circadian algorithm processing options: delineate between body transient or short term fluctuations Additionally, in order to further dehneate between body transient or short farm fluctuations (such as due to physical exercise) and core circadian related temperature the present invention's CRX analysis can compare and contrast heat-flux measures versus external environment versus core body temperature versus skin temperature measures (i.e. temperature probes just above skin surface can reflect heat flux emitted from skin surface, versus deeper earbud measures being more reflective of body temperature, versus external environment temperature sensors not as closely associated with body temperature changes, for example only). Circadian temperature Circadian algorithm processing options: wearable health monitoring and / or tracking eystem / device -The present invention provides a circadian function within a wearable health monitoring and / or tracking system / devioe, whereby such function includes any of or any combination of: a) Circadian algorithm: mo / Managvanadfefe / related to natoto / / / / / b^ wearable health monitoring, tracking, means of cmtotodrgtoft^                   related to                or associated factors (i.e. sleep / wake) and / or required                             (external; such as wake, sleep, work, recreation etc. schedules and associated time or performance management demands) influencing said “inbuilt” circadian cycle (i.e. EEG, temperature, sleep / wake staging or associated cycles; noise, activity etc.), bl Circadian algorithm outputs:               or farbyfa cfrcsd / m? rfiyto® cwfer means of determination of a snfe / ggt / PgfQf fatoadfar (i.e. via analysis of monitored circadian rhythm physiological parameters for an underlying cyclic trend nature; c) Circadian algorithm processing options: means of                          of a                             ppmsM ar a yc / a (i.e. via clock, watch, subject / patient or other accessible or entered information relating to such factors - i.e. alarm clock, time-zone clocks, GPS or GSM locational information, sleep questionnaires / surveys; etc.), d) Circadian algorithm processing options: fafafa e / mad / an ayefe at any tone w / th th® &a / d               r^tored or current or ngw ogwrptmwd                             or expectations at any time, e) Circadian algorithm processing options: means of anaMlfilhgjghgitd^wwcs^^ m^gfOrjBgtotodj^^                  (i.e. in any of or any combination of tabular or graphic, or user interface, or interactive user interface, vibration or sound or other notification or alert means, via clock or watch-face overlaid or incorporating links or association with circadian “inbuilt” clock and / or any other clock or timing information), with in order to produce a measure of ofeadfdd Q Circadian algorithm output: pro wd / np axfatoa / c / madfem sfetote means of proyidmg         pdpw / dg (i-e. temperature change of wearable, environmental, bed or bedding material or bed room etc., or light along with associated power and / or colour and / or frequency of lighting, g) Circadian algorithm output: means of incorporating measure of                               as part of the biofeedback or control decision matrix of said external stimulus application of subject / patient, in order to minimise said “cfrcadton offaat dm® factor”, -The present invention can incorporate one or more and / or (but not limited to) other physiological measures with option of plethysmography formats as further detailed in eLifeCHEST / eLifeSCOPE chapter under section “Temperature” or eLifeBUDS chapter, and elsewhere in this document describing temperature monitoring and analyses. Circadian EEG Forward equation targeted EEG brain region monitoring mdudmg girgadjanotook function The present invention incorporates                  gomg® toqaffsaSm such as (but not limited to) monitoring and derivation of associated measures relating to the subject / patient’s natural including (but not limited to monitoring associated brain regions (i.e. suprachiasmatic nucleus (circadian clock) regions) applicable to circadian EEG cycle signals (such as for determination of circadian clock cycle for subject / patient), Whereby in one embodiment example based on configuration of EEG sensor monitoring system (i.e. but not limited to examples per Figure 1 to Figure 3, Figure 5, Figure 14, Figure 16, Figure 21, Figure 23, Figure 25, Figure 27, Figure 28, Figure 46 to Figure 55) coupled with the present inventions monitoring goals and associated wearable monitoring minimisation computation (Figure 45). the present invention can compute and determine sensitivity and / or filtering and / or other processing formats (including any of or combinations of NLDBTV, STV, SR, ER, clusters of ERs, clusters of SRs, spectral EOI, interconnectivity of any of same - i.e. coherence and / or Dipole sequences and / or associated clusters, sequences and / or ensembles) and / or neurological amplitude, power, morphological signals or values) in the context of the optimal tomato equatfe coupled with corresponding neurology channel (or body physiological channels where applicable) in order to most effectively "pin-point" or localise the anatomical sources of interest (i.e. circadian clock EEG signals in order to contribute to determination of human phasic sleep-wake clock for example, such as could be used as part of therapeutic medication, light treatment or other sleep coaching or recommendation hints to re-along a subject / patient's circadian clock or sleep-wake phasic cycle) Circadian sotc toadisatimi based on pre-diageustk The present invention incorporates a means of EEG monitoring and The said source localisation comprises of source reconstruction is based on gmtotoonoabo subject / patient studies or general population data as a basis of determining signal source or brain sources of interest. In this manner the spectral and sensitivity characteristics of signal processing applicable to a plurality of sensors (including but not limited to Figure 3; Figure 4; Figure 21; Figure 23; Figure 46; Figure 47; Figure 48; Figure 49; Figure 50; Figure 51; Figure 52; Figure 53; Figure 54; Figure 55; Figure 56). For example, based on the modelling of the EEG signal attenuation of skin layer, skull and brain matter, combined with the EEG electrode positions and specific distances from the targeted brain regions of monitoring interest, each EEG sensor can be designated a sensitivity (amplification) and spectral (filtering) properties in accordance to EEF forward source reconstructions where the neural origins are known but the head surface electrode signals can be computed (using forward equation modelling). In this way the present invention can provide optimal compensation as it relates to electrode locations designed for subject / patient convenience (i.e. per wearable monitor minimisation formats, (such as in Figure 45 or sensor configurations such as Somf / 7 forehead sensor per Figure 16; Figure 28 [41). Using this forward equation source reconstruction analysis approach the present invention can determine optimal EEG signal processing applicable to sensor monitoring systems specific electrode location (i.e. per Somfit) in order to emulate standardised AASM sleep monitoring manual recommendations (i.e. F4 - M1; C4 - M1; 02 - M2; with backup monitoring electrodes including F3 -M2; C3 - M2; o1 - M2 versus Somfit Fp1, Fp2, F7, F8 and / or Fz sleep monitoring electrode locations). Using this forward equation source reconstruction analysis approach the present invention can determine optimal EEG signal processing (i.e. adapting frequency, phase and / or amplitude of sensor signals) applicable to sensor monitoring system’s specific electrode location (i.e. per Somfit) in order to emulate location of brain regions (i.e. suprachiasmatic nucleus (circadian clock) regions) applicable to circadian EEG cycle signals (such as for determination of circadian 2026204730 -18 Jun 2026 clock cycle for subject / patient), and / or consciousness switch region (i.e. thalamus), or other brain regions (i.e. but not limited to Figure 66 source localised regions). Circadian clock monitoring and tracking The present invention provides a means of monitoring and indicating as part of a wearable or mobile wireless system one or more measures relating to a subject's circadian rhythm including the incorporation of a subject's brain or temperature measures, the present invention further comprising any of or any combination of (but not limited to): »means of monitoring a subject's temperature and by way or analyses (such as regression analyses but not limited to) determine the 24 hour cyclic nature of a subject’s body temperature, whereby shorter term temperature time changes such as those applicable to a subject's motion or exercise (such spontaneous or shorter term measures, for example, can otherwise distort slower changing body temperature trends applicable to circadian cycles. Therefore low pass filtering of temperature changes over a 24 hour cycle, coupled with exclusion of temperature measures not fitting within the typical circadian cycle can be compensated for in order to derive a subject's underling circadian temperature cycle); »means of enabling EEG linked circadian clock synchchronisation determination, whereby means incorporates determination of phasic or rhythmic pulses of signals from the circadian clock brain region via 1 or more monitored EEG signals, whereby in a first process step the frequency or periodic nature of the circadian brain region (i.e. suorachiasmatic nucleus (circadian clock) regions) applicable to circadian EEG cycle signals such as for determination of circadian clock cycle for subject / patient, and / or consciousness switch region (i.e. thalamus), or other brain regions (i.e. but not limited to Figure 66 source localised regions). Whereby the brain region can be monitored, and / or analysed as a means of computing any measure subject’s sleep propensity (i.e. sleep deprivation; sleep delay syndrome; sleep recovery recommendations). Whereby, the present invention further enables a means of analysing the periodic nature of EEG signals evolving from the human brain or body circadian clock, so that only small samples versus continuous or uninterrupted circadian clock output signals need to be monitored, in order to accurately compute or estimate the cyclic or phasic position at any time or over any period of the human body or brain circadian clock (body clock). e) Circadian stock cycle determination and integration with mobile or other map, calendar, messaging, eommonity applications The present invention can automatically determine, predict and indicate offsets between an individual's natural circadian cycle, sleep / wake patters and proposed travel, social, work, recreation. Leisure or other oroposed schedule. r e. via calendar application annotations can incorporate an indication of an individual’s offset between their natural circadian cycle versus their proposed travel agenda and scheduled activities / events. For example, if the individual has to attend a business meeting at a certain time in the future, following a bout of travel, the present invention can take into account the time-zone changes, the travel schedule (i.e. automatic linking to travel websites or personally managed flight schedules, or travel agent flight data etc.) and then provide a measure of sleep urge based on a range of assumptions or an individual’s data entries or selections or default factors. For example, if an 8 hour flight is followed by an important business meeting, and the assumption is that the individual achieves no sleep on the flight prior to the business meeting, then the present invention can estimate the likely sleep urge of the subject in meaningful terms (i.e. based on no or little sleep between departure and scheduled meeting you are likely to have a sleep propensity similar to 3 hours after your normal sleep-time or saying up to 3AM based on your normal sleep / wake cycle.) (Figure 96 output blocks [4] to [101). Similarly the present invention allows more complex scenarios to be computed and presented (i.e. map settings or annotations, calendar settings or annotations, clock settings, alarms or annotations) in terms of optimal scheduling of an individual’s performance or mood factors versus time efficiency factors, based on the determination of any of or any combination of an individual’s a) scheduled or hypothetic^ schedule (Figure 96 [11), b) trawl itinerary (Figure 96 [11), c) natural circadian clock cycles (Figure 96 [11), d) homeostatic sieep / wake monitoring (i.e. including automatic access to the present invention’s routine sleep monitoring capabilities and the associated normal homeostatic sleep factors of an individual, and / or actigraphy, and / or environment light conditions, as covered elsewhere in this document) (Figure 96 [ 11). e) an individual’s preferences in terms of maintaining optimal sleep quality (i.e. taking into consideration previous wake period and the current or prediction such as new environment time-zone adjustment), f) or (Figure 96 [11) as the background in terms of time-zone shifts and various adjustment periods etc.), g) individual preferences in terms of Jet-lag minimisation versus social clock factors versus work-clock factors, individual circadian clock factors (phase delay, phase advance, delay stability and confidence level in terms of the accuracy of the determination of the Individual’s previous and up-to-date circadian cloak cycle status^ along with other factors imoactino the determination of current circadian clock status of an Individual) (Figure 96 [31),           " The present invention enables all these functions and capabilities to be incorporated into one or more wearable or mobile devices (i.e. smartwatch, mobile phone, Somfit sleep monitoring headband and / or other covered elsewhere at any section within this patent application document such as (but not limited to) wearable device examples presented in Figure 1; In another embodiment of the present invention an individual (i.e. traveller) incorporation of CC computed parameters as part of automatic entrainment (i.e. per Figure 96 [ 11,(71) programming of CC treatment systems (i.e. such as bright light therapy Including glasses or sunglasses (i.e. half-shielded glasses, for example only, tinted in upper section of glass lenses only), whereby said glasses can include reflective oculography (i.e. per Figure 43) capable of both entrainment light-therapy and / or detection of eye-lid movements and / or opening as a marker of drowsiness in order to enable biofeedback entrainment capabilities in order to adjust for CC cycle offset factors and / or sleep propensity and / or sleep urge factors. For example, the present invention can incorporate a series of blue LEDS or other blue lighting arrangement, which can be controlled automatically via wireless interconnect to provide an individual’s selected entrainment treatment regime designed to adjust for circadian phase advancement or delay based on the present inventions computation of the individual’s current circadian clock versus social, travel, timezone and or work or recreation schedule / clock requirements (i.e. per Figure 96 [11)-, Similarly the present invention can automatteaky link (i.e. wireless or other interconnectivity communication and information access means) to messaging systems (such as mobile phone SMS, emails, calendar, applications and the like) in order to track and / or oomment / heaith-coach and / or enable sleep scheduling as it relates to an individual’s current circadian clock versus social, travel, time-zone and or work or recreation schedule / clock requirements, in terms of optimal performance, energy, sleep-urge, occupational-health sleepiness risks, fatigue implications and other factors an individual may be interested in activating (i.e. per Figure 96 [71). One embodiment of the present invention enables integrated mapping applications (La, geographical or road map) ar related indications or annotation, to Incorporate additional nates or associated information, relating to various travel scenarios iodinating or symbolising (i.e. single sine-wave cycle with normal sleep periods marked versus new environment time-clock with respectively positioned such as equivalent start and end times corresponding to new time zone environment) along with indication of CC phase lag or lead factors so that an individual can associate travel plans along with associated travel itinerary with CC and jet-lag factors. Additionally, CC entrainment suggestions / health-coaching along with projected or estimated sleep propensity factor or sleep quality aspects (i.e. difficulty based on phase relationship of CC’s prior wake period and homeostatic sleep patterns. In this way an individual can visually, automatically, instantly and in an integrated or seamless (i.e. mobile personal planning applications including mapping or routing refeted functions or applications or processes, wearable devices, etc.) associate travel plans with the related health management impact and precautions or countermeasures to optimise an individual sleep-quality, sleep duration, sleep-timing, daytime energy, sleep-propensity, mood and other elements which clearly can be managed and enhanced in terms of information access, understanding and control via the present invention's circadian health management system (i.e. per Figure 96 block [31 health management system with associated inputs [11 and[21, adjunct system options [3AL and outputs [41 to [ 101; Figure 97, 4-stage entrainment adaptive monitoring system). The present invention in one embodiment enables integrated caiandar or s^nsammg; psannmg              vra. gengrapravas 0¾ scan maps ass hmma^sons as annotation, with the option of additional notes or associated information, relating to various travel scenarios indicating or symbolising (i.e. single sine-wave cycle with normal sleep periods marked versus new environment time-clock with respectively positioned (i.e. equivalent start and end times corresponding to new time zone environment) along with indication of current individuals CC inbuilt, along with various (i.e. different travel itinerary or different schedules for travel, social events, work events, study, etc.) CC phase-lead, CC phase-lag or adjustment / entrainment (i.e. melatonin dosage and dosage timing and / or bright-light dosage and timing of therapy etc.) strategies to align these conflicting clock cycles (i.e. inbuilt CC versus working against social-clock (i.e. based on natural CC wake / sleep requirements versus conflicting clock time-cycle requirements) versus attempting to synchronous CC phase-lead or phase-lag factors. In this way an individual can visually, automatically, instantly and in an integrated or seamless (i.e. migrated catendar or pkmnmg or scheduiing reiated appiinatinns or appiications or processes, mobile personal planning applications, wearable devices, etc.) associate travel plans with the related health management impact and precautions or countermeasures to optimise an individual sleep-quality, sleep duration, sleep-timing, daytime energy, sleep-propensity, mood and other elements which clearly can be managed and enhanced in terms of information access, understanding and control via ths present invention’s circadian hearth management system (i.e. per Figure 96 block [31 health management system with associated inputs [11 and[21, adjunct system options [3A1, and outputs [41 to [101; Figure 97 4 stage entrainment adaptive monitoring system). The present invention in one embodiment enables watch or clock application to be programmed so that information relating to the CC clock cycle and / or individual’s required scheduled clock requirements (i.e. travel-clock, time-zone changes, social-clock, work-clock, leisure-clock, special-event clock) along with strategies or scenarios capable of providing trip programs or sequences designed to minimise the disruption of quality sleep or an individual performance in work, sport, play, leisure etc. can be structured and stored in a library or easily recallable such each or clock display face setups, along with various CC embodiments, entrainments, strategies, personalised preferences, planning capabilities and the like, in order to enable user to establish an ideal library of personalise configurations for CC HMS (i.e. per Figure 96 block [31 health management system with associated inputs [11 and[21, adjunct system options [3A1, and outputs [41 to [ 101; Figure 97 4 stage entrainment adaptive monitoring system). to^cted fey                            (i.e. per Figure 96 block [31 health management system with associated inputs [11 and[21, adjunct system options [3A1, and outputs [41 to [101; Figure 97 4 stage entrainment adaptive monitoring system). "Additionally, the present invention can automattoaiiy link (i.e. wireless or other interconnectivity communication and information access means) to an individuai time reference (i.e. alarm clock, watch, mobile phone clock or other application) in order to antomattoaby set ar suggest aiarm settings and / or enable steep scheduling track and / or comment / heahh-coaoh as it relates to an individual’s current circadian clock versus social, travel, time-zone and or work or recreation schedule / clock requirements, in terms of optimal performance, energy, sleep-urge, occupational-health sleepiness risks, fatigue implications and other factors an individual may be interested in activating. For example, one said projected or predicted scenario could be based on the assumption that subject / patient continues their sleep patterns ar behavlour / guality (i.e. time of sleep, sleep time , sleep fragmentation, sleep architecture, sleep arousals, sleep disturbance, respiratory disturbance, REM sleep amount and structure, deep sleep amount and structure) unabated, or with various degrees of correction such as                  (i-e. gradual increase in sleep quality or decrease in sleep deficit),                                                (i.e.           any light-therapy, sleep hygiene or environmental improvements (i.e. reduce external arousals related to audible noise, temperature, humidity, air pollution or other breathing or asthmas antagonists etc.). Additionally, the present invention provides a "means of computing ©h'oadmn sydes" based on projecting or predicting a sleep-circadian-cycle scenario based on assumption that the subject / patient reduces or compromises their sleep for a period (i.e. period of study or to allow for a special event, travel etc.). Said means can also provide a typical measure of sleepiness or propensity based on comparative circumstances (i.e. you will be at extreme risk of falling asleep within 10 seconds (i.e. period of say 1 second to 30 seconds subject to specific scenario) of shutting eyes and you should not drive, undertake decisions of financially material nature, undertake any task where occupational work risks to yourself or others are relevant etc. Additionally, (for example only) the predicted sleep deprivation scenario could be related to other equivalent reaction time or alertness or sleepiness measures such as the predicted equivalent Epworth sleepiness scale outcomes or blood-alcohol readings etc. -Whereby "means of computing circadian cycles" including for example, but not limited to, examining information of prior monitored circadian physioiogioai wriabins (i.e. temperature, EEG suprachiasmatic brain region, etc.) and also examining such variables along with other factors influencing the shift of the circadian clock cycle (i.e. sleep parameters and associated sleep measures of subject / patient) in order to determine, based on historical or prior changes versus consequential sleep and circadian clock shift measures, i.e. per algorithm subject / patient-specific learning (ASL) system or wearable-device minimisation (WM) system the subject / patient's prior and / or current and / or predicted (with indicated scenarios) and / or training (i.e. to improve or optimise sleep management based on circumstances and / or scenarios and / or assumptions and or users selection of various desired sleep quality versus work / play schedule preferences - i.e. per Figure 45 where this example demonstrates in this context of the present invention, the capability to examine the goals of monitoring (Figure 45 [11) and then in this context advise user of the more complex (Figure 45 [2D monitoring configuration(s) (subject to clinical oversight or requirements or considerations consumer or GP oversight guidance, for example), followed by enabling a monitoring, analysis, determination of outcomes and then statistical assessment of accuracy of outcomes diagnosis or prognosis, in order to determine reconfiguration requirements and related wearable monitoring adaptation for both monitoring sensor configuration(s) or wearable monitoring sensor(s) and related devices (Figure 45 10, 11, 12- not in the context of circadian monitoring the same principles apply as neurology minimisation except that the broad range of physiological parameters and related wearable monitoring configurations are taken into account in order to cover relevant monitoring measures including any of (but not limited to) direct or surrogate measures of body temperature monitoring, homeostatic sleep measures, and / or daytime activity measures ) but also the minimal or streamlined / minimalized (Figure 45 [8], [9],

[10] ) sensor and wearable configurations based on achieving relevant and appropriate accuracy of diagnostic and / or prognostic aims and outcomes, applicable to the specific or personalised requirements of user and user’s health community (as personalised based on user’s privacy, security and preferences or allowance of opt in capabilities and intervention). -the present invention provides                                       and / or and / or appitcation-iinked means of characterising, determining, and / or Whereby said amad / an characterising can comprise of monitoring slow changing, or typically 24 hour cycles with typical sleep and wake phases of cycle, of a subject / patient’s temperature, EEG associated with circadian clock (i.e. associated or directly implicated with suprachiasmatic nucleus (circadian clock) brain regions, per Figure 66). as further detailed elsewhere in this document; Whereby said gapwMor               ,0^0^ includes (but is not limited to) one or more tenemanagementsystem^ and / or sfeeoferake along with the interrelationship between such aspects; Whereby said natural circadian clock devtee and applloatlon-llnked fmsmmifgsgwrf system means includes (but is not limited to) any of or any combination of: -alarm clock settings, mobile phone clock settings, map applications, calendar applications, any scheduling applications, any project management applications, any travel planning applications, wrist watch settings, computing devices, online applications, social media applications, social network applications or other systems applicable to an individual’s sleep / wake management; Whereby said natural circadian clock dsvioe or appkcatlon-lmked head'd              system means includes (but is not limited to) any of or any combination of: -health or personal planning applications, any occupational health management planning applications, any health insurance occupational risk and health applications, 3D or other glasses, lighting systems, curtain control systems, room temperature or environmental control systems, subject glasses with light therapy function (i.e. to enable light therapy for adjustment of sleep delay or sleep quality), sleep / wake coaching, sleep / wake recommendations, sleep / wake alarm clock or subject / patient clock recommendations or hints or other systems applicable to adapting, adjusting therapeutic intervention of an individual’s sleep / wake planning or intervention of timing schedules or cycles (including natural circadian clock aspects); Whereby the present invention can enable an individual to adjust and / or optimise tew nwtegsmgterayteems and / or steep / wake                       along with the interrelationship between such aspects in accordance to optimising an individual health, including (but not limited to) adjustment for sleep delay syndrome, undesirable or unsafe sleep propensity or sleep-urges and / or adjusting and / or accommodating a subject / patient / user’s natural circadian clock; Whereby the present invention can include a computer system programmed with steps comprising of a decision matrix incorporating adjustable properties relating to natural circadian clock device or appllcatlorellnked means associated wsth                           and / or a) Further circadian ctock aspects The present invention further enables i) natural circadian clock cycle parameters; ii) users essential awakening time parameters (i.e. work, study, travel commitments etc.); iii) calendar, trawl and other schedule applications with associated commitments or planning details; iv) travel itinerary long with automatic world time-zone computational implications in terms of association, comparison and contrast with other time-related (i.e. per a) to c) herein; v) map applications in terms of world travel routes or routing as a mean of planning travel routes to optimise adjustment or readjustment of a subject / patient / user’s natural (circadian) time clock in order to adapt back to a timing structure capable of reducing or most appropriately recovering sleep deprivation over a defined (i.e. user preference or essential needs) period of time; vi) massaging nr other mobile phone, watch or other user (or other designated or authorised location or party - i.e. enabling a transportation driver / pilot or shift-worker or shift-worker safety carer to better manage occupational vigilance or safety or risk day-time sleep solutions or cooohUio           lor vii) Cluck alert or alarm system - i.e. alarm clock setting, mobile phone clock settings, wrist watch settings, application forming part of existing mobile phone, alarm clocks or other devices settings and functionality; viii) 0 s        s             Os s.-' s 0 000si.ii S i                i s.                i.e. the ability to enable subject / patient / user to adjust timing indicators and / or alarm clock functions and / or calendar planning coaching or hints and / or messaging system coaching or hints in accordance to optimising schedules or adaptation / adjustment (i.e. recovery from or avoldanne of more adverse sleep deprivation, for example) of personal circadian rhythm in accordance to mild, moderate, significant, or severe realignment to optimal sleep wake cycle (i.e. whereby user can configure their optimal 2026204730   18 Jun 2026 sleep / wake cycle for the immediate sleep / wake periods or any future period, and thereby enabling adjustment from sleep deprivation or unconventional (i.e. departure from standard sleep / wake cycle times due to travel, recreation activities, work demands, exam studies, jet-lag, night-shirt etc.); ix) health or sleep coaching application capable of advising, adjusting or controlling a range of devices or systems (i.e. internet of things or medical internet of things or other wire, wireless means of interconnecting systems) subject / patient / user different options or programs of clock and timing schedules (i.e. via calendar appointments and alarm clock awakenings, along with option of adjusting room temperature, room lighting or associated lighting adjustments and other sleep / wake environmental influences); fl Forward »»the present invention provides capability of forward         source anatysfo based on the know n typical circadian clock brain anatomical tetos such as the suprachiasmatic region (circadian clock) and / or associated control or interconnectivity regions of the brain (i.e. as well as options for (but not limited to locations outlined in Figure 66, Talairach Atlas: Current atlas tools; Harvard Whole Brain Atlas, MNI Template, The standard template of SPM and International Consortium for Brain Mapping; Atlas of the Developing Human Brain; All Functional including Brodmann areas, Gyri, Sulci etc. -where the present invention can provide compensation for electrode location based on compensating signals in accordance to the amplification or attenuation, filtering, phase adjustment and any other factors in order to simulate or emulate the conditions applicable to targeting the monitoring of feeg / foo er otfw bofo fapefecMar sfmctora / foca tfoag any of or any combination of brain regions or connectivity aspects (i.e. coherence or Dipole measures); For example, in one of the simplest modelling scenarios the present invention can: - assume                that all EEG electrodes are presented with exactly the same signal, -                     define aof interest: ■ fo a Wa sted determine the likely attenuation, spectral filtering characteristics, and phase shifts most probable (i.e. based on skin, skull, brain matter attenuation factors applicable between each electrode and the brain region of interest); ■                  apply the determined attenuation, spectral filtering characteristics, and phase shifts characteristics in term of signal processing for each respective EEG electrode; -                - the determined attenuation, spectral filtering characteristics, and phase shifts characteristics can be further improved by way of contrasting and comparing with actual subject / patient imaging and diagnostic assessment data; In this way forward equation source modelling enables specifically targeted regions of the brain to be monitored or analysed even with minimised wearable monitoring sensor systems (per example process embodiment in Figure 45 demonstrating example of minimisation of sensors capable of targeting brain regions of interest with minimal possible sensors or electrodes). Moreover, more complex monitoring sensor systems (per example Figure 55) can still be streamlined or minimised (per Figure 46 to Figure 54 providing example (but not limited to) different wearable monitoring formats ranging from the simplest consumer-level monitoring options to more complex clinical diagnostic options) with improved source localisation capabilities using these and g) Intelligent circadian-based, dock, alarm, scheduling, caching, biafeedback, central system) > the present invention provides / 1 / 1 / ll^Lll^lM / r^ / l^.l / / ^^ afamyso / wdafcdy poach / m                                       whereby intelligent wrist or alarm clock settings can include any of or any combination of (but not limited to): a) actual subject / patient's circadian clock-based alarm settings or clock time indicator capabilities;, b) conventional (i.e. time-zone adjusted) time or alarm indications); c) sleep coaching recommendations whereby a subject's sleep / wake behaviour modification recommendations in terms of, for example, adjusting sleep cycle to compensate or minimise time phase sift between a subject / patient's current natural circadian clock cycle and a subject / patient's desired sleep / wake phasic requirements (i.e. adjusting for jet-lag, night-shift, late study or recreational nights and the like); 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 d) interlinking (wireless communication, for example) with other devices applicable to adjusting or compensating or indicating ((i.e. displaying, comparing or contrasting between circadian phase and cyclic nature versus an individual's required or desired sleep / wake cycle) an individual's sleep cycle and or circadian cycle and such as, but not limited to light therapy (i.e. activation or adjustment of conventional room lighting or special (i.e. any power, brightness, lighting colour, light frequency radiation spectrum etc.) lighting; mobile device or wearable device interface (i.e. smart watch or mobile phone or intelligent alarm clock etc.); room temperature or electric blanket and other environmental controls that can also impact and contribute to adjustment or correction of circadian rhythm; e) the present invention provides a means of administering, coaching or medication determination, along with online automatic or assisted (including regulatory, security, privacy and personal authorisation and access requirements) medication ordering based on any of or any combination of (but not limited to): i) schedule of medication, ii) online access for ordering dosage, iii) determination of dosage based on any of sleep / wake monitoring outcomes, subject / patient medical information, subject / patient personalised circadian rhythm, subject / patient sleep / wake monitoring outcomes, subject / patient HMS outcomes or related information, subject / patient health survey and other health information records, subject / patient natural circadian versus ongoing sleep / wake schedule requirements, subject / patient circadian monitoring outcomes (i.e. natural circadian rhythm based on EEG circadian clock, temperature and other circadian physiological monitored measures and associated analysis or derived outcomes); iv) dosage and medication or medication-dispenser or medication-coaching (i.e. guidance on pharmaceutical such as recommended dosage and dosage schedule automatically programmed and / or control linked with an automated medication dispenser system (i.e. programmed to best compensate shifts between natural circadian rhythm / clock and new environment (i.e. change in time-zone or day-night activities) or sleep / wake / work requirements); v) user interface to clock or alarm system (i.e. smart watch, alarm clock or mobile phone application that can enable user to select between optimal circadian rhythm synchronised time indication (i.e. for most natural alarm setting or calendar scheduling etc.) versus actual world time-zone based clock, alarm or scheduling means). -the present invention provides a means (i.e. means including integrating into a smartwatch device any measures or combination of measures including but not limited to temperature sensing of subject, galvanic skin resistance of subject, photo-plethysmography, ECG, oximetry or plethysmography oximetry measures, all of which have a very slow underlying circadian cycle component which can be derived using any such measures, with further option of incorporating other wearable or mobile wireless monitoring systems local / distributed analyses outlined elsewhere in this document) of monitoring, computing and tracking, indicating a subject's / patient's circadian rhythm. Such means can also include a means to display any of or any combination of conventional 24 hour time clock and / or date / and or calendar and / or sleep schedule means (i.e. such means can include calendar, messaging, clock display, or other means of indicating any of or any combination of actual subject / patient's actual circadian cycle, one or more predicted or projected circadian cycles, inclusion of the indication of normal variance or the range of sleep deficit and / or surplus that can be accommodated without mild, moderate or severe consequences (moreover this information can be based on comparative population data bases or aggregated subject / patient-specific monitored or other input information (i.e. per artificial intelligence or expert system analysis methods per Figure 77 [A] whereby a Knowledge Base is accumulated based on the evaluation of inputs from the Interface to the Real World [8] and the associated of the rule interpreter which is based on standardised scoring rules applicable to disease, disorders or health conditions of interest. The said “health conditions of interest” can include (for example but not limited to) sleep disorders this can refer to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine rules for staging sleep scoring sleep-related respiratory disorders (Le, per section eLlfeCHEST / eLlfeSCOPE section tstted “ Monitoring, Determination and Tracking of Sleep, Wake and other Mental States, Events of Interest or 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 Health Conditions of Interest ), epilepsy prognosis or diagnosis including detection of events or clusters of events such as HFOs, ripples, spikes, waves, K-complexes or spindles as further details in Figure 75129] Automata analysis Determmatton. The said “health conditions of interest” can include (for example but not limited to) the diagnosis or prognosis of Parkinson’s, whereby the determination of the said The said “health conditions of interest” can include (for example but not limited to) monitoring and analysis identification of biomarkers and related “expert system rules” (i.e. per Figure 77[DJ] associated with analysis of events of interest (i.e. symptoms corresponding to diagnosis or prognosis or disorders, health conditions or diseases of interest). These said “expert system ruled’ are described elsewhere, including sleep behaviour disorder combined with movement (i.e. motion or activity characteristics) as further covered under prognostic and / or diagnostic movement disorder marker monitoring and analysis associated with Parkinson’s or other movement, muscle or nervous system disorders markers (i.e. per vibration or uncontrolled, jerky movements, symmetry of movement, flow or movement, synchronisation of movement between two or more body parts or as further deters to sectton sUfeCKEST / aUfeSCOFE section headed “'INVENTION decription” toctodmg (but not limited to) section tilted “Gait or movement tracking and characterisation of events of interest” (with automatic analysis option)combined with (or assessed as independent factors) the monitoring and analysis or per example (but not limited to) Figure 75 (211,

[24] and aesoctoted teatures enabling the determmatton of sleep behaviour disorder (with automatic analysis option) as a diagnostic or prognostic marker of Parkinson’s. Similarly, these artificial intelligent or expert system analysis processes can be deployed in order to automatically analyse circadian offset factors (Le. but not limited to section headed Somflt “invention decription” including (but not limited to) section titled “circadian temperature cycle determination versus local environment and / or SLEEP / WAKE / ACTIVITY / WORK”, The said “health conditions of interest” can include (for example but not limited to) the diagnosis or prognosis of other neural disorders such as ASD as further described in section headed “PATENTTITLE: DIMENTIA / ALZHEIMER'S / ASD / ASP” along with associated “IINVENTION DESCRIPTION” section as well as combined measures covered in section headed “eLifeALERT” and associated “INVENTION DESCRIPTION”. The said “health conditions of interest” can include (for example but not limited to) the diagnosis or prognosis of other neural disorders such as ASD as further described in section headed “eLifeALERT” along with associated “IINVENTION DESCRIPTION” section. Additionally, as part of the input factors to the expert system or artificial intelligence process concordance analysis (i.e. means of assessing and rating the accuracy of the expert or artificial system analysis accuracy, compared to comparative expert analysis outcomes in order to both quality control and also continually improve the present invention’s prognostic and diagnostic analysis outcomes in terms of validation with professional medical or scientific experts at all times and ultimately provide the highest quality medical and health tracking for subject / user) can be automatically deployed in order to validate and where required continually modify and improve the interpreter rules Figure 77 [D] to enhance the accuracy of the Knowledge Base [A] and ultimately the quality of the subject / patient’s diagnosis or prognosis Figure 78 [21; [51. The present invention can incorporate minimisation rules as part of the system’s artificial intelligence or expert system self-learning capability so that based on the broad-scoped or narrowscope monitoring criteria or monitoring goals the present invention can both continually validate and improve the monitoring algorithms personalised or specific to the subject / patient as well as streamline and adapt the most appropriate and minimalized wearable monitoring sensors and associated prognostic and diagnostic analyses, once again tailored specific to the patient / subject. The said artificial analysis or expert system analysis self-learning capabilities can be part of one or more mobile and / or wearable monitoring system or supplemented by interconnecting software network or associated services or resources (i.e. SAAS including Cloudcomputing services , LAN, WAN, peer to peer, WWW, NAS etc.). Additionally as outlined in Figure 78 inputs from experts (including diagnostic review or expert oversight observations per Figure 78 blocks [1]), patient survey or monitoring data [2], can be examined within prognostic Figure 78 [2] or diagnostic Figure 78 [5] modules, for example, in the context of artificial intelligence or expert analysis (as outlined in Figure 77 as described above. In one embodiment, conventional clock face time keeping can be supplemented with a series of circadian clock overlays indicating subject / patient's actual circadian cycle status and / or one or more projected circadian sleep cycle scenarios and / or interlinking with local smart watch and / or interlinking with a remote (i.e. wireless or mobile wireless linked alarm clock application designed to enable recommended sleep alarm recommendations for minimal to maximal sleep quality and / or minimal to maximal work scheduling and / or any compromise or balanced position. Additionally, one or more subject / patient's room or house lights and / or wireless linked lights can be controlled in the context of light therapy to help adjust or optimise a subject / patent's circadian cycle. The present invention snsbtes current or new environment (i.e. world cock time zone) time, aieng with current sieep / wake (and option of comparison with work and / or recreation time cycles - i.e. via calendar and / or clock settings of subject / patient / user’s mobile device and / or sleep / wake monitoring) as well comparison and contrasting analysis with normal rhythm or typical cycle or phasic nature of subject / patient / user individual during healthy or peak sleep performance or health condition (i.e. via ESS or other sleep propensity or sleep scale performance, sleep / wake studies, sleep study outcomes indicating normal or healthy sleep propensity or daytime performance of an individual); »> indicator means such as watch face (i.e. shows clock time of body versus actual clock and / or phase lag or gain and / or recommendation or coaching go catch up with sleep or potential amount to sacrifice sleep without excessive adverse consequences (i.e. modest or minor sleep deprivation / sleep propensity), mobile, alarm clock - linkage, alarm clock etc. »in a manner whereby the periodic nature of the dreadian clock of the human body can be determined and the elapsed cycle or time of the human circadian clock can be computed and compared to the typical circadian clock cycle for the particular subject / patient or the typical normalised population example of circadian clock cycle in a health individual. » interlinking to lighting / glasses / pharmaceutical timing and dose recommendations or administration in order to correct or realign naturei body cloak (cireadian) wrens desired clonk and scheduling requirements; »The present invention can incorporate into a triaged health-watch, or scheduling / activitv / calendar application or shared social or business media information to enable on a personal or community / group level explicit health data or coaching and / or associated treatment (i.e. light therapy circadian clock adjustment entrainment linked to internet of thins or various lights and other associated controls) in order to assist with the management of crucial sleep stages such as deep-sleep (body recovery) or REM sleep (brain restoration), circadian clock alignment (i.e. offset and management of healthy realignment between homeostatic sleep / wake stages / stages’ local versus travel clocks, work schedules, leisure schedules, relaxation schedules, of a subject and conflicting or other social or business or travel agendas / itineraries) wh ereby user / subject can preference or weighted in order to influence and / or impact and / or modify and / or adapt upon the on scheduling or alarm clock setting or calendar functions and availability can be segmented such as colour coded in accordance to impact various schedule or commitment will have on homeostatic or circadian sleep alignment, sleep-debt, sleep-urge and other sleephealth factors) the importance from their private or personalised perspective in terms of sleep propensity or sleep urge risks, sleep debt factors, sleep urge factors, work time priority, work productivity or performance factors, leisure time or leisure enjoyment, sleep time, quality sleep and other sleep, wake, circadian-clock, sleep health and general health associated factors. For example, in one embodiment example of the present invention a mobile wireless personalised mobile device or wearable devices (i.e. watch, phone, computer etc.) can incorporate a watch function with ability of user to toggle through related watch-face or scheduling modes applicable to any of or any combination of homeostatic sleep / wake stages / stages’ local versus travel clocks. 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 work schedules, leisure schedules, relaxation schedules, of a subject and conflicting or other social or business or travel agendas / itineraries. Moreover, the present invention can coach, guide and recommend calendar entries, activity scheduling, clock alerts or alarms, shift-work schedules or sleep / wake-planning in accordance to the personalised preference of workproductivity and / or focus / attention (i.e. work-mode), personalised occupational work hazard and risk factors (i.e. incorporates a means of monitoring, analysing, correlating and alerting of health conditions such as excessive sleep / wake disruptions including crucial aspects of quality sleep such as amount of REM sleep, amount of deep-sleep, and also the circadian-clock offset factors versus (for example only) population normative reguirements along with personalised reguirements etc. versus also the level or risk or responsibility of job -i.e. truck driving with indications of snoring or OSA sleep disruptions could be indicated on a personalised and personal safety management level to allow private information but potentially critical personal health guidance and support) and cognitive performance (i.e. mind-mode), leisure time (fun without consideration of sleep deprivation or fun with various degrees of sleep deprivation or sleep-urge consideration or weighting factors in terms of the present inventions associated fitness or training coaching, sleep training or coaching, work schedules or coaching, leisure schedules or coaching and / or relaxation schedules or coaching » the present invention enables a means of self-assessment of a subject / patient via sleep or other health surveys (i.e. but not limited to                       scgfe), whereby sleep urge or sleep propensity can be tracked in accordance to sleep patterns of an individual in order to determine (i.e. artificial intelligence or expert system means per examples Figure 77, Figure 78, Figure 79. but not limited to) sleep patterns and / or sleep start and end times most conducive to minimising sleep urge day-time sleepiness; the present invention can further associate these measures with monitored sleep measures along with associated sleep scoring (scoring of human sleep via sleep stage analysis) and / or respiratory scoring (i.e. detection of sleep disordered breathing) in order to determine, indicate, therapeutic device control (i.e. biofeedback or configuration or pressure dynamics of pressure ranges or dynamical changes of pressure associated with APAP / CPAP / PAP / NIPPV in order to minimise sleep disruptions or sleep fragmentation, maximise sleep architecture quality and / or minimise sleep disordered breathing while talking into account improved sleep propensity or daytime sleepiness (or residual daytime sleepiness). This can involve »computation of an individual’s circadian clock cycle can be based on any of or any combination of: -temperature of the subject / patient and / or cycle EEG signals indicative of the brains circadian clock and / or activity or motion of subject / patient and / or homeostatic sleep monitored characteristics and / or sleep / wake or other health survey information; -the present invention enables wearable mpfe / fe momtorfeg of whereby such measures can be based on measurement sensors attached or forming part of smart watch, wristband, forehead sensor, armband or other wearable monitoring sensor system incorporating measures that can be analysed in a manner where slow (typically 24 hour slow changing cyclic measures can be derived based on monitoring temperature and / or galvanic skin resistance, and / or heat-flux, and photo-plethysmographic (PPG) measures such as pulse rate, and / or heart rate variability etc., which are physiologically aligned with the natural 24 hour circadian clock function. -The present invention can monitor and compute a measure of residual exessssw steapmass (RES) in addition to computation of, comparing, and contrasting measure(s) of any of or any combination of the following as a means of determining association or causation of RES (i.e. TERA versus other factors as a mechanism to optimise automatic positive airway pressure titration in order to maximise obliteration of sleep disordered breathing, optimise cardiac function and optimise sleep quality) with CC or homeostatic factors (i.e. sleep propensity versus circadian clock (CC) asynchronous factors - i.e. delay or advanced CC phase): 1) a subject / patient’s sleep parameters (i.e. any of or any combination of but not limited to EEG, EMG, EOG), 2) sleep breathing disorders, 3) therapeutic event related arousals (TERA)3-5, 4) respiratory event related arousals (RERA) arousals, 5) circadian clock factors, 6) previous sleep duration(s), 7) previous wake period, 8) previous waking periods, 9) previous sleep periods in terms of sleep architecture, 10) previous sleep periods in terms of deep sleep (i.e. N3) and / or REM sleep, 11) previous sleep period versus CC, 12) current sleep duration(s), 13) current wake period, 14) current waking periods, 15) current sleep periods in terms of sleep architecture, 16) current sleep periods in terms of deep sleep (i.e. N3) and / or REM sleep, 17) current sleep in terms of sleep architecture;6 »or O&CF forelwad          device wife sleeo wstare traintav fuoctton with inbuilt (self-contained) training system capable of detecting snoring (i.e. via inbuilt breathing sound or snoring monitoring function (i.e. accelerometer vibration or microphone sensor) in a manner whereby subject / patient can be alerted or awoken (including headband attached vibration or sound alarm device) based on determination of any of or any combination of: 1) sleep alarm setting (i.e. watch, mobile phone, alarm clock etc.), 2) sleep stage determination including wake, N1, N2. N3, REM, Non-REM, arousal, spindle, k-complex, alpha bursts, EMG bursts, EMG atonia status etc., 3) subject / patient posture, 4) subject / patient posture preference where snoring is least evident (i.e. side versus back position etc.), 5) subject / patient biological synchronisation with breathing cycle (such as derived from any of monitoring sensors including infrared heat flux or subject / patient breathing signals, in order to mitigate against risk of detection of sleep partner breathing measures (or snoring) versus actual subject / patient snoring measures; 6) in one example embodiment the present invention can (for example only): -in a fefe ww sfeg determine from the users selection of alarm request the amount of time before the alarm activates; -in atrack sleep stages (i.e. wake, N1, N2, N3, REM), and sleep events (i.e. spindles, arousals, k-complexes), while continually assessing the time before the alarm is activated; -in a .¾¾¾              and in circumstance when a subject / patient is entering a sleep state which is prone to or has been defined as being prone to cause “grogginess” or “weariness” when interrupted or awakened from, the present invention can activate alarm in a more favourable sleep state that is less prone to cause such “weariness upon awakening. For example, if a subject / patient sets alarm for a daytime 1 hour power nap to try and overcome jet-lag or other forms of sleep-urge or sleep propensity, and the present invention determines or tracks (via online sleep analysis capability) that the user / subject is in REM sleep (less adverse recovery impact than N3 deep-sleep state, for example) then the alarm will sound at the selected alarm setting. -in a fewfe w and if (for example), the present invention determines or tracks (via online sleep analysis capability) that the user / subject appears to be transitioning from REM to Nl / deep-sleep stage (prone to result in high adverse recovery impact than REM stage, for example) and also there is only say 10 minutes time before the alarm set time is activated, along with the condition that the           gre-wfee afem? few is set (or defaulted) to greater than 10 minutes, then the present invention will sound the alarm and allow subject / patient to be awakened in the preferred REM state versus the potential N3 deep-sleep state. The                                 is the setting related to the maximum time allowed before awakening that the present invention can use its processing capabilities to optimise awakening event based on subject / patient sleep stage. can be set in accordance to sleep time (i.e. hours and minutes) or selected in terms of sleep time (i.e. percentage of total sleep time, where fwfefe sfefe g / fe wfe sfeffefews or jwwfegfe£g / wfefew.wnfefe are entered or set as default by system) or time prior to alarm 10% of total sleep period, for example. The present invention includes (in one example embodiment) the capability for a smart watch with attachable or integrated (embedded or on-board as part of smart watch and / or wireless interconnected processing system(s)) a biofeedback feedback drug delivery (BFDD) system and or "associated therapy" system, whereby said biofeedback drug system can comprise of any of or any combination of: a) a drug delivery dispenser system, b) an automatic analysis system and / or c) a drug delivery control system; The said "drug delivery dispenser system" can comprise of any attachable drug delivery system including a manually or automatically controlled drug dispenser capable of "optimal medication dispensation" including any of or any combination of: A) dispensing medication at an optimal time, and / or rate, B) and / or compound (I.e. Drug type or drug compound mixture including but not limited to melatonin) and / or C) concentration and / or delivery concentration and / or D) delivery rate, - whereby said in order to minimise the effects of sleep delay syndrome (Le. Offset between a subject's sleep / wake cycle and / or work cycle / schedule / clock / calendar (i.e. shift work) and / or social cycle / schedule / clock / calendar and / or travel cycle / schedule / clock / calendar (i.e. itinerary), whereby said "optimal medication dispensation" can be applicable to any physiological and / or neurological and / or sleep disorder and / or other adverse health condition; -whereby said "biofeedback" system and / or "associated therapy" system can include any of or any combination of: i) circadian rhythm entrainment system; ii) circadian rhythm entrainment system including light radiation control or light radiation; ill) Internet or other interconnected circadian rhythm entrainment system including light radiation control or light radiation; -whereby the said "automatic analysis system" can comprise of determination of a subjects sleep / eke patterns and / or homeostatic sleep characterisation and / or determination of an individual's circadian clock cycle of an individual as outlined elsewhere in this document; -whereby the said "drug delivery control system" can comprise of a drug dispensing mechanism (including, but not limited to, a cartridge loaded drug dispenser which can dispense medication / drugs in order to minimise sleep delay or sleep offset syndrome in a manner which can be configured to be moderate, severe, or other graduated entrainment (I.e. Compensating for an individual's sleep delay or circadian clock offset factor); -whereby the said "biofeedback feedback drug delivery system" can be a part of any of or any combination of: a) any wireless mobile system; b) any wearable monitoring system; c) any telemedicine system; AUTOMATIC SLEEP / WAKE / CIRCADIAN MEDICATION AND / OR THERAPY SYSTEM The present invention provides a mobile wireless phone or wearable device or separate mobile device PLUS option for automatic or manual medication dispenser system (i.e. sleep suppression or antagonist medications such as melatonin etc.) PLUS option for sleep / wake cycle analysis system (automatic or manual via local or on-broad processing and / or interconnected processing such as network or cloud-computing or other wireless interconnectivity format) PLUS option for circadian rhythm analysis system (automatic or manual) PLUS option for light therapy entrainment (i.e. internet of things including light and / or alarm or music and / or audio controls designed to adjust an individual’s circadian rhythm cycle) PLUS option for meditation and / or relation music and / or audio PLUS option for linkage of said one or more therapy types to be linked to biofeedback including processed brain signals (i.e. EEG) and / or other physiological signals (i.e. temperature, oxygen saturation, heart-rate, perspiration or galvanic skin resistance, ECG, EMG, EOG, room light status, subject motion, subject location, subject position, and / or subject activity; -The present invention provides a mesas of determining, gsfegfmg, gogffggggg^, whereby said means includes the capability of any of or any combination of (but not limited to): automatic means) of                             and / or                          and / or           o (including option of single select options of sleep study device(s) monitoring kit and / or consumable sensor kits), applicable to selected or required study format (can also include consideration of “high dependence connectivity monitoring (HOCQ” or “adaptive physiological-Body Network connection or quality status, requirements and (i.e. filtering, sensitivity etc.) configurations,                                                 (i.e. analogue to digital sampling rates, sample resolution / steps for each respective monitored, analysed, transmitted, stored and / or displayed channel), registered for each monitored channel,                                                        (i.e. filtering, sensitivity etc.), but not limited to sampling rates, sample resolution / steps for each respective monitored, analysed, transmitted, stored, locally displayed, remote displayed, reports, alerts, alarms and / or other communication access or transmission), -the present invention provides a means, of determining gggffwROOgr of any of or any combination of (but not limited to): automatic wireless of or wire interface interconnectivity means whereby the present invention can automatically detect including a montew g / gtogefo      ggp Re efassffmd in accordance to both gRgs / gfegfeg / mgmtorm® ggmggfeg and quality or specific properties associated with each said (including any of, but not limited to automatic preacquisition signal processing (i.e. filtering, sensitivity etc.) configurations, automatic data-acquisition configurations (i.e. analogue to digital sampling rates, sample resolution / steps for each respective monitored, analysed, transmitted, stored and / or displayed channel), automatic sensor or electrode location information registered for each monitored channel, automatic post-acquisition signal processing (i.e. filtering, sensitivity etc.), automatic interconnectivity and / or intercommunication relating to data characteristics), consideration of “high dependence connectivity monitoring (HDCM)” or “adaptive physiological-Body Network (APN / APM) “, and / or automatic sensor connectivity requirements and connection or quality status; Whereby said include automatically adjusted or upgraded monitoring types and / or levels and / or categorisation and / or scape (or “SCORER” per in clinic and out of clinic study approaches and / or recommendations and / or health insurance requirements or guidelines and / or government health rebaits etc.) along with associated sleep monitoring study scope including type and categorisation of sleep, cardiovascular, oximetry, position, effort, and / or respiratory monitoring requirements); -the present invention provides automatic determination and corresponding configuration of the sleep monitoring system configuration; >Whereby said determination can comprise of detecting consumer / non-reaulatory versus professional / reaulated(i.e. China-FDA, USA-FDA etc.); >whereby said determination can comprise of detecting actual study criteria or local regulatory (i.e. health insurance reimbursement or government reimbursement or market clearance body (i.e. USA, China FDA etc.) in contrast or comparison to actual sleep study configuration details; >whereby indications, hints, automatic prompting, are provided in terms of any of or any combination of: -compliance of professional / reaulated (i.e. China-FDA, USA-FDA etc.) requirements; -actual progress or steps of process in terms of required (outstanding) versus completed progress of study status or study setup / configurations, professional oversight and authorisation versus China-FDA, USA-FDA etc. oversight and authorisation; 2026204730   18 Jun 2026 -determination of authorised completion by board certified sleep specialist (BCSS) evaluation of suspected subiect / patient obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA); -BCSS determination of whether subject / patient has symptoms or signs of comorbid medical disorders; -BCSS determination of whether subject / patient has symptoms or signs of comorbid sleep disorders; -compliance of professional / regulated (\.e. China-FDA, USA-FDA etc.) sleep or other subject / patient health questionnaire(s) requirements; -whereby said FfyffeFggFyyyyor                                         includes, any of or any combination of (but not limited to) sleep, cardiovascular, oximetry, position, breathing effort and / or respiration measures; -where said Sfegg SitflSasafigiL.J (for example only) can include the monitoring of sleep parameters such as (but not limited to) sleep by using 3 active EEG channels, at least one EOG channel and chin EMG channel; -where said Ffew               2 (for example only) can include the monitoring of sleep parameters such as (but not limited to) sleep by using at least 2 active EEG channels (plus separate reference EEG channel), with or without EOG channel or chin EMG channel; -where said Sfegg                J (for example only) can include (but not limited to) the monitoring of sleep surrogate channels such as actigraphy; -where said Sfeeg cgfwgnsaFFFJ (for example only) based on other sleep measures than those detailed in Sleep categorisation 1,2 and 3; -whereby said                                   (for example only) can include the monitoring of cardiovascular parameters such as (but not limited to) more than 1 ECG lead with option of deriving events; -whereby said                                 3 (for example only) can include the monitoring of cardiovascular parameters such as (but not limited to) peripheral arterial tonometry (such as described in 37; -whereby said Cg / Wawgggfer cgoofe 3 (for example only) can include the monitoring of cardiovascular parameters such as (but not limited to) a standard (1 lead) ECG measure ; -whereby said                                   (for example only) can include the monitoring of cardiovascular parameters such as (but not limited to) derived pulse, such as oximetry; -whereby said                                   (for example only) can include the monitoring of cardiovascular parameters (but not limited to) based on other cardiac measures than those detailed in Sleep categorisation 1,2,3 and 4; -whereby said                            (for example only) can include the monitoring of oximetry (but not limited to) finger or ear sensing with sampling of 3 s averaging and at least a 10 Hz sampling rate but preferably 25 Hz; -whereby said CTomFy                 (for example only) can include the monitoring of oximetry (but not limited to) finger or ear sensing with sampling properties less than 3 s averaging and 10 Hz sampling rate; -whereby said                               example only) can include the monitoring of oximetry (but not limited to) located at an alternative site such as forehead; -whereby said                               example only) can include the monitoring of other oximetry formats; Position scope -whereby said Foy / yy ofeggygaFgoj? (for example only) can include the monitoring of video or visual position measurement; 2026204730   18 Jun 2026 -whereby said Fwlto                    example only) can include the monitoring of nonvisual position measurement; Breathing Effort scope -whereby said Sreafofoff effort                  (for example only) can include the monitoring of two respiratory inductive plethysmography measures (abdominal and thoracic measures); -whereby said Ifofofons                       (for example only) can include the monitoring of one respiratory inductive plethysmography measures (either abdominal or thoracic measure); -whereby said           effort fofofort 3 (for example only) can include the monitoring of one respiratory inductive plethysmography measures a derived breathing effort measure, such as forehead forehead venous pressure (FVP); -whereby said                                   (for example only) can include the monitoring of other breathing effort measures, such as piezo respiration belt measures; -whereby said Respiratory gregfofoff effort / (for example only) can include the monitoring of nasal pressure and thermal sensor device; -whereby said Respiratory B / wfofog effort eafoaerteaffoe 3 (for example only) can include the monitoring of nasal pressure sensor device; -whereby said Respiratory                                   (for example only) can include the monitoring of thermal sensor; -whereby said Respiratory rtmefofooffort cefo^         3 (for example only) can include the monitoring of end-tidal C02 (ETC02) sensor; -whereby said Respiratory rt^afofog                       (for example only) can include the monitoring of another respiratory measure; -whereby any said or any combination of                               (including an of or any categorisation 1 -to 5 types or levels) and / or associated monitored signal channels (including any or any combination of gfoegs Gefofo vgocofog Oongte Fog#fog,:>f^^ scopes ger ego vg) can comprise of automatically meshing one or more distributed wireless interconnected monitoring sensors with fom- sggcfewfogtfoo (i-e- as described in but not limited to Title: MULTIPOINT TIME-SYNCH MONITOR                 and associated “INVETION DECRIPTION”). -The present invention provides an automatically connected and configured consumer or professional wearable mobile HMS (including device, corresponding online services, sensors, therapeutic intervention and control with option of biofeedback capabilities) activation linked in accordance to any of or any combination of (but not limited to) : a) monitoring study or HMS goal requirements, b) monitoring or HMS “categorisation” format, c) monitoring study or HMS “type or level” requirements, d) sensor-kit, monitoring-kit, e) professional-authorised and secure opt-in healthcarer, f) consumer services provider, g) professional services provider, h) personal-caremanagement platform, i) application , j) opt-in practitioner (regulatory - i.e. China FDA; USA FDA; CE etc.), k) online-buy-kit (i.e., Amazon, AppleStore, Samsung, Microsoft, Telco, MobileCo, Xiaomi, Baidu, Alibaber, Huawei, etc.), China Mobile, k) HMS eHealth online shop selection, I) HMS eLife online shop selection, k) HMS eHealth App selection or functions, k) HMS eLife App selection or functions, I) HMO, m) health insurance organisation, n) Government health rebait linked-system) AMD, n) AICC, o) SQE, p) SQI&C; -where said                 foody tggejfovfo)J.. / fogfoeffo?gmhgmfoe.fogfoHfor example only) includes the following monitored channels: EEG, EOG, ECG / Heart rate, Chin EMG, Limb EMG, Respiratory effort at thorax and abdomen, air flow via nasal cannula thermistor and / or breathing effort, (respiratory plethysmography), pulse oximetry, additional channels for CPAP / BiPAPA levels, pressure, CO2, pH etc.; -where said                                           example only) includes the following monitored channels: EEG, EOG, ECG / heart rate, Airflow, Respiratory effort, oxygen saturation; 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 -where said Sfeon ,¾¾¾study type / s ve:)2 AU (for example only) includes the following monitored channels: EEG, ECG, airflow, thoracic-abdominal movement, oxygen saturation, body position, and either EOG or chin EMG); -where said 8 / u^p            uUsUy                  example only) includes the following monitored channels: 2 respiratory movement / airflow, 1 ECG / heart rate, 1 oxygen saturation; -where said                                           example only) includes the following monitored channels: minimum of 3 channels including Arterial oxygen saturation, airflow, optionally thoracic-abdominal movement, along with the direct calculation of AHI or RDI measure; -The present invention further provides a )¾¾¾¾ whereby the AMD function works in conjunction with the A / OC, SQE and functions to enable the system configuration to be set up in accordance with the specific electrode configurations and quality status during the system operation. The AICC, SQE and SQI&C functions are detailed in the patient interface section. Specifically, the SQE system tracks the status of the electrode connections and quality. The corresponding control functions are relayed by the SQI&C function to the AMD system. The A&CD monitoring mode in then adjusted in accordance to the validity and connections status of the sensors and electrodes at any point in time. As shown in Figure 83 (below) the activation of automatic mode determination (Figure 83 ;[3:Y]) if activated (Figure 83 ;[5]) prompts the A&CD system to configure the monitoring operational mode in accordance to the ISA format and signal quality. However, of the AMD function is not activated (Figure 83: [3:NJ) the operator interface is configured in accordance to the operator manual mode selection (Figure 83 ;[4]). The integrated attachment sensor (Figure 83; [6]) is connected to the patient interface module [7] which detects and determines the ISA format, along with the sensor attachment and quality status (Figure 83: [8]). This information is input as part of the decision matrix involved with the automatic identification and channel characterisation (Figure 83 ; [9]; AICC) system. The mode determination (Figure 83: 5) then enables the various affiliated systems including the dynamically linked signal conditioning (Figure 83:

[11] ) and the dynamically linked analysis conditioning (Figure 83:

[12] ) system to configure or adapt the A&CD systems corresponding to operational, environment and signal quality conditions. The combination of on-line signal quality tracking and the AMD enables special on-line adaptation such as when the AEP click stimulus is disconnected, whereupon the system can revert from the a hybrid (AEP and EEG-based) to an EEG-based monitoring mode. -The present invention further provides a myans pf whereby the 4 / CC,system is designed to automatically detect the integrated sensor attachment (ISA) system configuration (i.e. Figure 82) and also per (but not limited to Figure 1; Figure 28; Figure 31; Figure 38; Figure 46; Figure 55) other monitoring system examples (i.e. but not limited to) the wearable mobile or other monitoring system monitoring modes (hybrid, EEG based etc.) and format (standard or advanced). Additionally, the specific signal filtering and processing characteristics required for each respective channel can be automatically configured. In this way a single quick snap ISA connection (for example) can automatically prepare the system for monitoring. -The present invention further provides a away of S / QQf QyaQy          (SQQ whereby the said Signal Quality Estimation (SQE) System enables continuous tracking of the input signal’s integrity and overall quality. Additionally, such measure can be continually compared to predetermined and acceptable signal ranges, limits, and other important characteristics. The 508function works in conjunction with -The present invention further provides a of SanaanEfegQogfe 0¾¾ / ntffegfor OQtf.CQnfrQf / SQ / aC), Whereby the said SQfSC system can be integrated within the patient interface (such as Somfit or other wearable monitoring devices (i.e. but not limited to Figure 1 wearable device 2026204730   18 Jun 2026 examples) or monitoring head-box (i.e. for clinical or laboratory monitoring) provides a number of key functions including visual user-prompts indicating the connection and sensor quality status at all times. LoW’disturbaace Cmitimsous On-ifae ^mnedance Measurement System The LCOIM system generally refers to the use of active on-line impedance measurements undertaken in such a manner that the measurement periods are flagged and excluded from the downstream analysis results. Furthermore the impedance measurement periods can be minimised by measuring a transient response signal versus conventional steady state waveform measurement methods. The present invention enables a combination of passive signal quality tracking (i.e. examination of monitored signal in terms of typical and expected signal characteristics versus signal characteristics typical of interference and other artefact sources (i.e. main, sweat artefact, electrode popping noise etc.). The present invention further enables active impedance measures to be interleaved with monitored signals is such a manner that measurement periods (which can cause monitoring signal disturbances) can be limited to “non-critical” or “less-critical” monitoring periods (i.e. not during periods that are critical to the determination of sleep staging epochs (i.e. not during transitional sleep stages and the like). Non-critical periods can also be predefined as periods when vital measures such as spindles or K-complexes marking sleep stage changes are not evident. The present invention’s AC&R system incorporates a series of algorithms capable of eliminating or minimising noise or artifact. Automatic online artifact routines can identify the specific severity level, interval and classification of artifact. Reduction or removal of the effects of unwanted background physiological artifacts including EMG signal intrusion, eye-blinks, EOG intrusion, arousals (various neural and autonomic categories to be included), body movements, movement time, and unwanted PAMR signal intrusion can be automatically and , continuously tracked and implemented online. The present invention enables high tolerance and quality sustained signal monitoring during severe interference from electrical, EMF and other body movement artifact and other signal interference sources. The present invention can incorporate a high impedance t0 operate like an antenna for noise and sample interference in a manner that the signal characteristics or environmental interference can be monitored and / or stored. In this way the environmental noise can be characterised in terms of determining filtering types and characteristics required to minimise or eliminate noise form monitored signals channels. For example, eiwerewnM               samp fed sWure / can be used to help cancel out noise in input channel of interest, by way of phase shift, magnitude adjustment and ultimate unwanted cancellation of unwanted environmental noise, i.e. a noise cancellation channel can be created and then phase shifted to be precisely equal but opposite phase (180 degree phase shift) to noise present in other signal channels, in order to null out or cancel out unwanted noise. The present invention’s AC&R incorporation of an open-ended “noise-sampling channel” as a means to cancel out unwanted signals is illustrated in Figure 29. The present invention enables a health payment system wh§ch “appropriately" (i.e. compliance with relevant privacy, security, government, medical, patient-care, safety aspects, which can be linked in or programmed in as a function for the present invention in accordance to the location or patient specific details and health information) incorporates a means of separating patient or consumer information from health services or products supplier but while still enabling a means of accessing a personalised medical data -base service that enables access to important information such as haahh msurence compliance or approval data, medical prescription data including verification of therapeutic type and / or adjustments (i.e. PAP. NIPPV devices), in addition to conventional means of enabling online payment transaction; -further aspects of the present invention include the capability to “appropriately" assess contradlctionss sidereffects, checks against contradictions between patient medical history (i.e. allergies, reaction with certain drugs etc.) and prescribed medications) and alert or notify subject / patient and relevant health-carers as required; -further aspects of the present invention include the capability to automatical GowrnmenVtosurance resmbureement by way of advice, coaching, simple steps, GP, practitioner, advice / steps, HMOs, etc. - further aspects of the present invention include the capability utilise two-way separated or buffered data access so that a guaranteed disconnect and both privacy security of information exists between subject / patient and supplier to conceal private ailments and medical history or privacy in general (i.e. private medications or the like with "healthpal" with health-sensitive and health specialist security). Patent—Elite gait or motor-neuron (mdudlng Parkmson’s) process or apparatus Invention The present invention provides a means of characterfsmg on mdfwduars pad or motion oharacterisffos, including any measure of the mterrefadunshfp of motion between anypterahfy of body extremities orflmhs, the present invention further including any of or any combination of (but not limited to): (walking, running, striding motion characteristics) The present invention provides a means of anafysh?g fee motion characteristics of a subject / patient by way of analysing (i.e. spectre! analysis suoh as FFTand segmenfadon of specified frequency bands applicable to different components of a subject's motion, including analysing the freguenoy band characteristics associated sad? am? swings and correlating tease am? swings rate? teg steps in terms of phaste nature and synchronisation between signals. Said motion characterisation can include resolving motion properties such as any of or any combinations of the dnsar fenyte (i.e. millimetre), cyclic time (i.e. seconds), regularity (i.e. deterministic or regularity of am? swing or teg stride motion characteristics; (body extremities motion Interrelationship) Said synchronisation and phasic interrelationship between arm swing and corresponding leg modes characteristics will change over time with the progression of movement and neural disorders, and particularly during the navigation by subject of more challenging motor control circumstances associated with corners, changing direction and the like. PS melton armteaate Similarly, analyses of motion sensor out puts (i.e. accelerometer) can comprise of the deployment of nan-dnsar dynamic based pVIDSJ analyses transformations whereby, for example only, the regularity (i.e. deterministic or regularity of arm swing or leg stride motion characteristics can be measured in terms of non-linear dynamic characteristics indices such as (but not limited to) complexity or entropy; (motion pattern or signal morphology analyses) Similarly, analyses of motion sensor outputs (i.e. accelerometer) can comprise of the deployment of pattern recognition analyses transformations whereby the teg stride and arm swing motions can mapped and recorded mte signal obareotensadon in order to characterise gradual changes m pendulum andon, tiuanoy, flow of mutiun, synchronisation with any other limb or extremity as a measure of subtle or more severe deterioration or improvement applicable to reversal / recovery or degradation of movement, neural or nervous disorders including any of "events of interest / EOl" (per “EOI DEFINITION” detailed” in abbreviation table at rear of this document); (motion correlation with tocatlon / GFS analyses) The present invention further incorporates means of combining fenadunal fraoAmgsuch as GPS information to map out an individual’s motion characteristics in a manner whereby progressive deterioration over a period of time and as it relates to different category of moramenfs (i.e. rated / op, stair odmbmg, sports or gym exercise systems such as freadmflte, running) can be analysed in context of nawgatemaf or gab difficulty (i.e. mild, moderate or severe manoeuvring difficulty, straight line pathway, etc.) along with corresponding gait or balance output measures (i.e. such as but not limited to any or any combination of: »measures of mterefetaft / p (degree of ptesfc               feetwwn «ny ifw or more &tey / / m&s or oxtrem^MO or feo^y moffoo ooos / mj teoolteos); » oytere      pftasfo mforrefetfonWp teten aoy f wo or mare      or date otepote of two or more motion sensing systems (i.e. can be a part of or attached to a wearable device or subject's mobile phone or mobile phone case incorporating sensing device (i.e. single or multiple axis accelerometer measurement sensor), - whereby motion analysis or characterisation of ooy one ortfmfes or sxywmfes aod^or m« Pody saosWys) comprises any of or any combination of (but not limited) to any length of arm swing (linear or arc millimetres) fteency; Ws?te^ arm moremenf;          arm pattern: awmpteg arm movement (i.e. via wrist watch or bangle such as (but not limited to) single multi-axis accelerometer; degree of walking leg synchrony with arm synchrony; terms of phasic nature and synchronisation between signals. Said motion characterisation can include resolving motion properties such as any of or any combinations of the linear length (i.e. millimetre), cyclic time (i.e. seconds), regularity (i.e. deterministic or regularity of arm swing or leg stride motion characteristics; and pwtofom moffon of osoft arm swmp or step; symmefty teeter tery oorretetem between arm arte teg movemente during walking, the present invention further comprising of analyses of association, comparison or other phase, or cyclic or other means of determining the interrelationship between a plurality of said extremities, limbs or body section motion of a subject / individual; »>the present invention provides measurement assessment and characterisation of combined SSD atema and motion analyses applicable to prognosis or diagnosis of movement or neurological disorders including “health conditions of interest” or "events of interest / EOl" (per “EOI DEFINITION” detailed in abbreviation table at rear of this document); -the present invention incorporates a means of oorretete^g S.8.© (per Figure 75} andter motion analysis means such as described elsewhere in this document; Description of the Figures CIRCADIAN HMS FIGURE DESCRIPTIONS Figure 96. The present invention provides a process as part of microprocessor programmed within one or more of any of or any combination of software application(s), mobile device(s), wearable technology, or interconnected communication systems(s) (i.e. SAAS including Cloud-computing services , LAN, WAN, NAS etc.) capable of providing circadian clock health management by way of inputs such as but not limited to any of or any combination of inputs functions, application or systems covered here in Figure 96. BLOCK 1 AND BLOCK 2 or processing / determination per BLOCK 3 or respective outputs in BLOCKS 4 to 10, or other inputs, determinations or outputs covered elsewhere in this document. [Block 1] CIRCADIAN CLOCK (CC) HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HMS) INPUTS »ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION CC ENTRAINMENT inputs; -Block 1 incorporates inputs including new and current environments time-zones and / or solar daylight conditions, temperature changes, information on population studies or health information such as typical sleep deprivation or sleep urge / propensity associated with various degrees of circadian clock asynchrony (including incorporation as part of self-learning algorithm processes (i.e.. but not limited to self-learning processes per examples .); »INPUTS / INFORMATION - Questionnaire activation with interaction via subject / patient / user and information or related derived information or associated outcomes as they relate to characterisation of an individual’s sleep / wake cycle and / or circadian clock cycles; i.e. example (but not limited to) questionnaires include Horne-Ostberg Morning-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ); Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) etc. (see also CC HMS processing / determinations); 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 -endogenous circadian cycle; -subject / patient / user target or desirable circadian cycle entrainment outcome; -subject / patient / user target (desirable) circadian cycle; -actual versus target circadian cycle; »ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORED AND TRACKED CC ENTRAINMENT input; i.e. but not limited to any of or any combination of: -Entrainment stimulus or environmental condition changes (i.e. light-therapy controlled inputs; magnetic stimulation controlled targeting and dosage and property adjustment of inputs; temperature controlled inputs etc.; -Zeitgebers; »ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORED AND TRACKED CC ENTRAINMENT input; i.e. but not limited to any of or any combination of: »Entrainment stimulus or environmental condition changes (i.e. light-therapy controlled inputs; magnetic stimulation controlled targeting and dosage and property adjustment of inputs; temperature controlled inputs etc.; »REGULATION OF SLEEP BY WAY OF CIRCADIAN AND HOMEOSTATIC SLEEP / WAKE FACTORS i.e. but not limited to any of or any combination of: -actual sleep-wake cycle (i.e. timing and structure of sleep and waking such as derived from monitored sleep parameters and / or associated measures including (but not limited to Figure 77; Figure 78; Figure 79 as covered elsewhere in this document); -subject / patient / user target (desirable) sleep-wake cycle; -actual versus target sleep-wake cycle -temperature measures; »PHYSIOLOGICAL AND / OR PSYCHOLOGICAL MONITORED AND TRACKED CC ENTRAINMENT input; i.e. but not limited to any of or any combination of: -EEG measures; -retina light measures; -GSR measures; -activity measures; -position measures; -pulse measures; -measures of blood-pressure; -brain activation measures; -sleep / wake measures; -light measures; -Objective measurement of rest-activity cycle timing can be made with actigraphy; - Point of care body fluid measures such as melatonin (i.e. the rhythm of the melatonin concentration provides an optimal circadian phase marker for humans) or cortisol (i.e. measures via periodic testing of samples of saliva, blood / plasma or urine or associated blood / plasma, saliva or urine sampling test trips and related point of care testing systems, with option of automatic integration or interface with mobile health monitoring or tracking systems); [Block 2] CIRCADIAN CLOCK (CC) HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HMS) BRAIN SLEEP / WAKE REGULATION INPUTS -The present invention enables forward and / or reserve equation EEG electrode minimisation / monitorinq (i.e. see also Figure 45 minimisation process) and / or source localisation applicable to an individual’s health management and associated markers of consciousness, sleep / wake homeostatic or circadian rhythm determination / monitoring, brain centres regulating wakefulness and sleep (including neuromodulators and neurotransmitters producing EEG activation, such as histamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, hypocretin and glutamate), further including any of or any combination of brain regions (but not limited to): 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 -the thalamus or associated areas; -posterior cingulate or associated areas; medial parietal cortex or associated areas; -medial basal forebrain or associated areas; -occipital cerebral cortex regions or associated areas; -cingulate gyrus or associated areas; -prefrontal cortex or associated areas; -reticular formation or associated areas; -pons or associated areas; -visual cortex (visual cortex part of cerebral cortex; -located in occipital lobe) or associated areas; -hypothalamus or associated areas: anterior (ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, responsible for promoting sleep) or associated areas; -posterior (tuberomammillar nucleus, responsible for generating histamine; medulla oblongata; orexin [A / B], relating to wake-promoting neural activity); -midbrain and pons (central point of the generation of coeruleus (norepinephrine; NE), raphe nuclei (serotonin; 5-HT), and -pedonculopontine) or associated areas; -olfactory bulb or associated areas; -cerebellum or associated areas; and / or -suprachiasmatic nucleas (circadian clock) regions or associated areas; -along with related coherence or Dipole modelled connectivity interrelationships (including thalamus-cortical interrelationship); rBlock31 CIRCADIAN CLOCK (CC) HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HMS) PROCESSING / DETERMINATION »-CC SYNCHRONISATION WITH ENVIRONMENT CLOCKS OR CYCLES (I.E SOCIAL, TRAVEL, TIME-ZONE, SOLAR, WORK-SHIFT, REQUIRED-SCHEDULE, REQUIRED AGENDA, REQUIRED ININERARY CLOCK ETC.) -determination of optimal synchronization with the environment or entrainment, which can be mediated by way of controlling steady state or periodic stimuli (also referred to as zeitgebers) to stimulate or act upon the subject / patient / user’s circadian clock (see also CC HMS inputs); -interactions and interrelationship between the biological clock (or circadian clock (pacemaker) and subject / patient / user sleep homeostatic process (i.e. dependent on prior sleep / wake and associated characteristics) -modelling / computation of interactions and interrelationship between the biological clock (or circadian pacemaker) and subiect / patient / user sleep homeostatic process as a means of determining a range of sleep disorders or sleep disturbances, such as (but not limited to the interpretation of possible rhythmic circadian clock abnormalities implicated with depression, along with the determination of associated framework and recommendations and / or biofeedback and / or control for associated treatment via therapeutic treatment or related circadian rhythm adjustment; -determination of the time variation between the phase of a subject / patient / user’s circadian rhythm such as sleep onset and the phase of a zeitgeber such as the solar clock cycle (i.e. dusk or dawn); - sleep timing information such as the sleep midpoint (i.e. between sleep onset time and wakeup time); -Objective analysis of rest-activity cycle actigraphv i.e. FFT and frequency analysis of accelerometer outputs followed by segmentation of likely source or causation of activity and then association of said categorisation of movements with sleep, wakes and other activities as a means of deriving final sleep / wake / activity cycle of subject / patient / user; - Sleep / behaviour Questionnaire activation with interaction via subject / patient / user and information or related derived information or associated outcomes as they relate to characterisation of an individual’s sleep / wake cycle and / or circadian clock cycles; i.e. example (but not limited to) questionnaires include Horne-Ostberg Morning-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ); Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) etc. (see also CC HMS outputs); 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 -determination from melatonin samples of the “Dim light melatonin onset” (DLMO), which is the marker of body clock time which can be measured in saliva or urine or blood / plasma before a person goes to sleep. Moreover, during 24-hour rhythm measurements the points including peak, midline crossing point, offset of secretion, and other points can be determined as a derivations of subject / patient / user circadian clock; -the present invention can provide a point of care testing system which is automatically interfaced to a mobile or wearable device or via interconnectivity to a communication network or system in order to enable saliva, blood / plasma, urine sampling (i.e. melatonin assays including (but not limited to) chemically impregnated test strips designed to react in accordance for the presence or concentration of melatonin and then have option for said test-strips to be automatically scanned and analysed as a means of outcomes to be indicated or communicated); -the incorporation of an algorithm capable of providing a clinical utility or personalised subject / patient / user health monitoring or tracking capabilities including the use of (but not limited) the sleep midpoint (by way of sleep / wake monitoring capability, and so long as sleep is not too disturbed, of the present invention’s as detailed anywhere in this document) deployed as a surrogate but reasonable measure of approximated circadian phase cycle determination; -the incorporation of an algorithm capable of providing the calculation of the time of therapy usage (i.e. bright light therapy) should be applied in accordance to a subject / patient / user’s internal circadian versus external environment clock time conditions. In this manner automatic, patient-wearable technology and / or mobile device integrated systems can contribute to the incorporation of circadian principles in order to enable the determination of important therapeutic treatment (i.e. alignment or adjustment between circadian (internal) and environment (external) clock cycles for optimal health, safety and occupational hazard minimisation. The said therapy can extend to optimising subject / patient / user room, alarm clock settings, or other environment or temperature conditions to personalised versus general conditions; -determination of sleep midpoint on a single or routine basis by way of analysing sleep midpoint computation based on sleep / wake monitoring of the present invention and / or MEQ, MCTQ questionnaires and / or subject / patient / user sleep journals (i.e. start sleep period time, lights off for sleep time, awakening sleep time) in order to determine an approximation of internal circadian cycle clock time; -Determination of light therapy phase-advancing treatment or adjustment / adaptation strategy based in phase relationship and correction requirements I order to shift internal circadian clock to synchronise with external environment (time zone and and / or solar clock factors and / or required sleep / wake cycle), such as advancing time of circadian clock cycle by way of applying light therapy (i.e. activation of bright lights in room) in co-incidence with alarm clock awakening time in an automatic manner (i.e. wireless linked light activation or light controller deployment). Such process can be deployed to counter disorders such as “cabin” or winter “depression” in winter or snowbound regions or in the incidence of non-seasonal depression etc.; In this manner the present invention incorporates an alarm and / or steep coaching determination capability and, along with an algorithm designed to assist or guide people with notification of optimal rest periods (i.e. naps or recovery sleeps) the user can set preference (i.e. for a driver or pilot for the purpose of drowsiness occupational-risk aversion or mitigation, for example) in order to enhance vigilance or performance capabilities, whereby the present invention enables subject / user to enter desired sleep period and selection of "best sleep recovery strategy" means (said means can associate any CC determination and / or wake, sleep, REM or arousal state with determination of wake function (i.e. alarm via audio, vibration, including vibration function within monitoring wearable device (i.e. forehead Somfit / forehead- strip etc.); -Determination of long-term activity (i.e. actigraphy), sleep / wake (i.e. monitoring capabilities and / or sleep journal entries) applicable to causation and / or treatment and / or coaching applicable to depression; -Determination of unstable rest-activity cycle as a marker of potential poor circadian entrainment and potential contribution to adverse physiological or psychological health status; -Determination of sleep / wake parameters such as (but not limited to) sleep onset, wake-up time, wake bouts, sleep efficiency, mid-sleep time etc.) based on any of or any combination of sleep / wake monitoring data or associated outcomes, and / or actigraphy (i.e. accelerometer outcomes measures); 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 -Determination of circadian variables such as circadian relative amplitude versus cycle time and / or CC maximum amplitude and / or CC minimum amplitude, CC day by day stability (inter-day stability or related fragmentation factor) and / or CC daily stability (intra-day stability or related fragmentation factor); -Determination of circadian variables such as strength of coupling or correlation between external CC environmental stimulus factors (zeitgebers) versus CC cycle; -Determination of objective verification and / or characterisation of chronotvoe (time subject / patient / user goes to bed and awaken up and / or optimally requires to do same), -Determination of objective verification and / or characterisation of chronotype (time subject / patient / user goes to bed and awaken up and / or optimally requires / desires to go to bed and awaken) as it relates to special period such as exams, celebrations, illness, associated with or following treatment; associated with or following medication; depression etc.; -Determination of any of or any combinations of CC processing / determination aspects based on longer term measures or trends (.i.e. but not limited to weekly, monthly, yearly summaries or overviews) and / or shorter term measures or trends (such hourly etc.) and / or in correlation with work periods, recreation periods, relation periods etc., along with the option of indications, coaching, entrainment determinations, etc. in order to stabilise CC clock cycle and / or synchronise internal CC cycle with external environmental clock factors (time-zone; solar-clock; zeitgeber factors); -Stability of entrainment (i.e. dim light melatonin onset; DLMO (marker of body clock time based on measuring saliva prior to subject / patient / user going to sleep) over successive days, week, months etc.) by way of any of or any combination of measures of environmental environmental / room light, solar light, temperature and / or physiological subject / patient / user light, temperature, actigraphy, EEG; -Environmental / room light and / or solar light log; -Social zeitgebers by way of Social Metric Rhythm Questionnaire; -Sleep log via any of or any combination of related Questionnaire and / or sleep / wake monitoring and / or actigraphy; -determination of CC amplitude by way of any of or any combination of core body temperature, melatonin sample testing, EEG measures, surrogate or derived or estimated body temperature measures; -determination of light input freguency / colour composition and / or strength; -determination of sleep homeostatic characteristics including the increase or decline shortterms or long-term wise as it relates to slow wave sleep (i.e. NREM such as 0.75 Hz to 4.5 Hz); -determination of sleep homeostatic characteristics including the increase or decline long-term or short-term-wise as it relates to REM sleep; -determination of sleep homeostatic characteristics including the increase or decline long-term or short-term-wise as it relates to wake EEG; -determination of sleep homeostatic characteristics including the increase or decline long-term or short-term-wise as it relates to faster beta waves in active waking and / or slower alpha waves in ouiet waking; -determination external zeitgebers applicable to sleep and wake structure aspects and / or variations; -Determination of zeitgeber strength based on degree of light subject / patient / user receives, along with associated time of day as it relates to entrainment requirements and / or current entrainment determination; -the present invention can automatically incorporate all CC entrainment factors, indication aspects, alarm clock functions, light detection functions, coaching and / or messaging and / or alert functions, into a single application as part of a wearable or mobile device; -The present invention can determine circadian clock nadir factors (i.e. body temperature and / or interval from body temperature nadir to sleep offset) including subject / patient / user’s with delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) in order to optimise CC entrainment (i.e. light therapy including glasses with blue light projected towards subject / patient / user retina as a stimulus - can be blocked form forward projection based on shaded or blocked section of glasses in order to minimise obtrusive or obvious nature of such treatment); -The present invention can track sleep-wake rhythms and characterise a lack of clearly discernible circadian patterns of sleep-wake time, as a marker or potential prognosis of irregular sleep-wake rhythm; 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 -The present invention can in incorporate sleep-wake rhythms and characterise a lack of clearly discernible circadian patterns of sleep-wake time, and / or questionnaire outcomes relating to excessive sleepiness , unrefreshing sleep, and / or insomnia that vary in accordance to work schedule as a marker or potential prognosis of shift work disorder (SWD) ; [BLOCK 3AJ- OPTION AN INTEGRAL OR ADJUST SPECIAL WEARBLE TECHNOLOGY, MOBILE OR OTHER SYSTEM -MULTIPOINT TIME-SYNCH MONITORING (MTM) SYSTEM : Figure 30 -IR reflective oculography and / or video imaging (with IR capability) and / or light therapy integrated and / or mobile CC HMS application interfaced systems ((i.e. glasses): Figure 43 -Automatic diagnostic and prognostic EEG-monitormg and analysis system incorporating minimisation process enabling professional and consomer-ievel monitoring and automatic analysis determination (MINIMISATION SYSTEM) per example F / gwe 45; -HMS WITH AUTOMATIC TRACKING OF EOI per example F / qure^T~ -HMS sensor or monitor device / system (SOMDI) interface per example Figure 76; -Driver / subject wearable glasses incorporating any of or any combination of binocular or monocular -Self-learning and Personalised Self-Adaptation System Al; ES per example Figure 77; Figure 78; Figure 79; and / or -Personalised subject / patient- health management system (HMS) [1] incorporating any of or any combination of monitoring goals per example Figure 80. fB / oc / c 47 CIRCADIAN CLOCK (CC) HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HMS) OUTPUTS INPUTS -Control of environmental and / or other stimulation factors capable of enabling or transition towards optimal synchronization with the environment or entrainment. This can be mediated by way of controlling steady state or periodic stimuli (also referred to as zeitgebers) to stimulate or act upon the subject / patient / user’s circadian clock (see also CC HMS inputs); -Circadian sleep-wake cycle, -Neurobehavioral performance, -mood, -cortisol, -melatonin, -temperature, -heart rate, etc. -A computed circadian clock generating a cycle to match the solar day -A control or measure of control to maintain or correct (i.e. move circadian and sleep wake clock into closer synchronisation) the phase relation between the subiect / patient / user circadian clock cycle (i.e. prior sleep / wake cycle) and the current environment clock cycle (i.e. solar clock, time-zone or schedule requirements of subject / patient / individual) and / or target clock (i.e. desired subject / patient / user and / or the subject / patient / user desired or preference clock or schedule (i.e. any of or any combination of considerations including wake cycle, sleep cycle, work cycle, recreation cycle, fitness cycle, relaxation cycle, travel cycle, work-shift cycle, study-cycle, exampeak-performance-cycle, jet-lag cycle, current time-zone cycle, one or more new time-zone cycles etc.); i.e. but not limited to any of or any combination of: »Circadian clock entrainment outputs or outcomes, i.e. but not limited to circadian clock interactive (or one way information access) options (CCIO); -whereby said CCIO include any combination of (but not limited to) - map display or application with map functions or indications or associated annotations or information, with automatic and / or dynamic data exchange or update options; - clock or watch indications, with automatic and / or dynamic data exchange or update options; -clock or watch alarm indications or settings, with automatic and / or dynamic data exchange or update options; -as part of circadian clock entrainment stimulus or environmental adjustment decision matrix or control of environmental or therapy deployment (i.e. any of but not limited to light-therapy, with automatic and / or dynamic data exchange or update options; 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 -temperature or environmental changes, with automatic and / or dynamic data exchange or update options; -vibration or other stimulus, magnetic stimulus, steady state or flashing "light stimulus", with automatic and / or dynamic data exchange or update options; -whereby said "light stimulus" can include (but is not limited to room or glasses or other head mounted / applied system including concealed steady state light therapy means using forward light blocking means and / or less obvious subject / patient steady state light and light colour selection or light-colour control properties; »the present invention includes any combination of or any of motion tracking (such as actigraphy or accelerometer measures), body temperature, GSR measures, pulse measures, light measures as a means of approximating or determining and / or indicating a subiect / patient / users circadian clock cycle; [BLOCK 51- CIRCADIAN CLOCK (CC) HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HMS) OUTPUT- MAP-LINKED FUNCTIONS The capability to automatically access a travel agenda -integrated mapping application (i.e. geographical or road map) an indications or annotation, with the option of additional notes or associated information, relating to various travel scenarios indicating or symbolising; / B / ocfc 57 CIRCADIAN CLOCK (CC) HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HMS) OUTPUT-SOCIAL / PROFESSIONAL / COMMUNITY-LINKED APPLICATIONS OR FUNCTIONS The present invention enables a range of clock or watch face programmable functions, including a sequence of watch displays which can be toggled through and selected as required. For example, any combination of solar-cycle, sleep-wake cycle, time-zone, social-clock, and associated phase shift with circadian clock can be programmed by users, presented as default library of displays and / or programmed display formats shred amongst different users. The present invention CC HMS enables a community or private select grouping function whereby healthcare specialists can coach, guide, assist and intervene in tracking, diagnosing and supporting an individual’s occupational safety aspects, sports performance aspects, general health aspects, depression and other psychological disorders greatly impacted by appropriate CC management (Figure 96.; Figure 97). fB / ock 77 - CIRCADIAN CLOCK (CC) HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HMS) THERAPEUTIC / CONTROL / FEEDBACK / BIOFEEDBACK - determination of associated framework and recommendations and / or biofeedback and / or control for associated treatment via therapeutic treatment or related circadian rhythm adjustment including neural magnetic stimulation targeting and dosage determination and / or light therapy stimulation targeting and dosage determination and / or room temperature targeting and dosage determination - provision for the determination and / or enabling of a number of entrainment scenarios such as the intervention with subject-wearable device or environmental lighting as a means various degrees of advancing or delaying a subject’s phase response curve (i.e. a subjects inbuilt circadian curve phase relationship with external clock factors, including social, time-zone, work, work-shift, study requirements etc.) applicable to minimising delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) or advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD) according to a subject’s health- care oversight or intervention and / or an individual’s personal preferences or requirements and / or occupational hazard and safety considerations; - automatically or via manual assistance activate light intensity and type (i.e. visible blue light with short wavelength, and stronger melatonin suppression affect can be deployed as part of an automatically computed CC entrainment treatment regime, versus longer wavelength light) as well as the timing functions of such light therapy (i.e. light-therapy in the evening can enable CC phase delay, while light therapy in the day can product CC phase advancement); - automatically (or with manual intervention option) control entrainment factors (i.e. lighting timing and / or lux intensity and / or melatonin dosage and administration timing or recommendation), as well as the option of recommending or setting bed-times or alarm clock settings, in accordance to a subject / patient (or healthcare advisor) social, work, travel requirements or environmental factors; - the present invention can advise / coach and / or automatically adjust said CC entrainment in accordance to subiect / patient / user preferences, selections or personalised scenario choices (i.e. more aggressive adjustment over a shorter period of days or more moderate CC adjustment over a longer period of days); / B / ocfc 87 CIRCADIAN CLOCK (CC) HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HMS) OUTPUT-PERSONALISED HEALTH MANGEMET AND COACHING-LINKED FUNCTIONS -capability to measure environmental lighting conditions applicable to subiect / patient / user (i.e. via wearable device such as watch, mobile device etc.) in order to provide coaching or guidance to treat winter depression or other forms of depression or delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), or compensate for offset between CC and environmental (i.e. time zone or solar clock factors or behavioural clock properties (i.e. social clock, work-clock, shift-works, travel / jet-lag clock, clock and associated requirements or planning / scheduling preferences), whereby said coaching can include CC offset therapy (i.e. light therapy, melatonin medication, adaptation of homeostatic sleep factors (i.e. optimal increasing of a subject / patient / user’s awake period to enable higher quality sleep and alignment of CC with sleep patterns or vice versa); [Block 91 CIRCADIAN CLOCK (CC) HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HMS) INTEGRATED (INTERCONNECTED) APPLICATIONS AND NOTIFICATIONS -determine, predict and indicate (i.e. optional calendar application annotations; -scheduled or hypothetical schedule, travel itinerary, natural circadian clock cycles, homeostatic sleep / wake monitoring; -determination of accuracy or confidence level in terms of the accuracy of computing individual’s previous and up-to-date circadian clock cycle status, along with other factors impacting the determination of current circadian clock status of an individual (i.e. based on prior sleep / wake study data quality and availability, along with atigraphy and other availability of circadian clock related measures; -incorporation of CC computed parameters as part of automatic entrainment programming of CC treatment systems (i.e. such as bright light therapy including glasses or sunglasses (i.e. halfshielded glasses, for example only, tinted in upper section of glass lenses only), whereby said glasses can include reflective oculography capable of both entrainment light-therapy and / or detection of eye-lid movements and / or opening as a marker of drowsiness in order to enable biofeedback entrainment capabilities in order to adjust for CC cycle offset factors and / or sleep propensity and / or sleep urge factors; - determination of CC confidence level factors (i.e. accuracy - i.e. error factor) in terms of the accuracy of the determination of the individual’s previous and up-to-date circadian clock cycle status, along with other factors impacting the determination of current circadian clock status of an individual); The present invention enables all these functions and capabilities to be incorporated into one or more wearable or mobile devices (i.e. smartwatch, mobile phone, Somfit sleep monitoring headband and / or other covered elsewhere at any section within this patent application document (Figure 1); - automatically link (i.e. wireless or other interconnectivitv communication and information access means) to messaging systems (such as mobile phone SMS, emails, calendar, applications and the like) in order to track and / or comment / health-coach and / or enable sleep scheduling; - integrated calendar or scheduling / planning application(s) (i.e. geographical or road map) an indications or annotation, with the option of additional notes or associated information, relating to various travel scenarios indicating or symbolising; [Block 707 CIRCADIAN CLOCK (CC) HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HMS) DISPLAY INDICATIONS -A nub of the present invention’s personal health management system is to automatically determine and indicate, coach, alert, message, CC entrainment stimulation applicable to subject / patient / user based on CC input factors, a range of scenarios , covering sleep quality and length relating to the interrelationship or the manner the said subject works with or against their natural CC; 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 The present invention provides entrainment adaptive monitoring (EAM) system comprises of 4 stages including: STAGE 1 providing initial monitoring and analysis goals (i.e. Goal determination of sleep / wake process (SWP) versus circadian process (CP) applicable to subiect / patient / user Work and Lifestyle Personalised-Preferences (W&LP; see also monitoring aims per minimisation process in Figure 45J_and any applicable therapeutic / biofeedback Personalised-Preferences (TP)), STAGE 2 including wearable technology customisation / minimisation, STAGE 3 Wearable technology customisation / adaptation (see also EEG monitoring sensor adaptation per Figure 52), STAGE 4 incorporating analysis review determination (see also self-learning algorithm with artificial intelligence or expert system analysis processes per Figure 77; Figure 79) Entrainment or therapeutic determination. The Sleep / wake / circadian entrainment adaptive monitoring (SEAM) system comprises of 4 stages including: Stage 1 providing initial monitoring and analysis goals (i.e. Goal determination of sleep / wake process (SWP) versus circadian process (CP) applicable to subiect / patient / user Work and Lifestyle Personalised-Preferences (W&LP) and any applicable therapeutic / biofeedback Personalised-Preferences (TP)), Stage 2 including wearable technology customisation / minimisation, Stage 3 Wearable technology customisation / adaptation, Stage 4 incorporating analysis review determination, 5) Entrainment or therapeutic determination. The upper section presents a circadian and homeostatic integrated sleep / wake / work / recreation / relaxation management (CHASM) system, the middle section presents a fitness health management system and the lower section presents a neurological health management system. The basic entrainment adaptive monitoring (BEAM) system comprises of: 1) Initial Monitoring and Analysis Goal Determination (i.e. per Figure 45 aims & initial stages), followed by; 2) Wearable Technology Customisation / Minirnisation (i.e. per Figure 45) for the establishment of monitoring and analysis parameter configurations (i.e. self-learning per experts system and Al per figures Figure 77;      78: Figure 79), followed by; 3) Adaptation Determination (i.e. per Figure 45 showing example of adapting wearable technology EEG electrode system), followed by; 4) Analysis Review Determination (i.e. self-learning per experts system and Al per Figure 77; 78: Figure 79), followed by; 5) Entrainment or therapeutic Determination (Figure 99.: Figure 97 therapy / biofeedback examples); 6) a return to step 1) or step 2) subject to effectiveness of process outcomes (i.e. statistical assessment per Figure 45) and so on. Figure 1 LEFT TOP: figure presents example of a subject / patient wearable neuro-sleep / fitness / health management systems comprising applied forehead sensor (Somfit) using headband attachment [2], eLifeBAND (arm phone / entertainment / device holder) [9], eLifeWATCH

[13] , RIGHT-TOP: sleeping subject with eLifeCHEST [3], eLifeWATCH [5], eLifeWRIST [8] and Somfit [1] devices LOWER RIGHT: eLifeWATCH with sensor monitoring platform. LEFT LOWER: forehead applied sensor incorporating self-adhesive attachment without requirement of head band attachment. Figure 2wrist (eLifeWRIST) with monitoring and health / fitness / sleep function or performance indicator. In this example the display indicator can be programmed to indicate, for example, sleep / wake factors on the left-hand side of display dial (i.e. between the typical 6 o’clock and 12 clock dial range, whilst the right hand side of the 6 to 12 o’clock range can be programmed to indicate daytime fitness and other health parameters. In one example, the system could be programmed to indicate overall sleep quality based on, for example, the subject / user achieving at least say within 20% of the total REM sleep time and non-REM deep-sleep time (say total of N2, N3) compared to the normal quality sleep requirements (i.e. can be based on any of or any combination of: a) normalised population averages and associated comparisons, 2) subject-specific outcomes using sleep quality tracking surveys / questionnaires, 3) monitored sleep / wake parameters, 4) monitored circadian, 5) local environmental factors such as tie zones or related shifts, circadian offset factors. Additionally, user may toggle through indicator modes such as sleep / wake goals (i.e. sleep / wake target for quality sleep tracking) or actual outcomes (i.e. actual sleep / wake outcomes including sleepdeprivation, circadian delay factors etc.) versus goals. Similarly user / subject can toggle through indicator modes such as fitness goals (i.e. steps, motion, activity etc.) versus relates goals. The toggling or switching through display modes can be activated via gesture or tapping / shaking means i.e. detected by Somfit module on-board accelerometer). Similarly all these functions can be integrated as part of a smart or computer-based watch system. A high level user interface graphic drag and click type application can allow user to program their somfit module indicator system and / or the compatible computer based watch-face indicators functions or cover these and other measures. ffegj headband Somfit / eLifeNEURO with forehead EEG / EOG / EMG, LDR and / or motion health tracking capability headband (eLifeNEURO) example of monitoring electrode configurations S Diagram of sleeping subject with range of wearable companion health tracking devices. CLAIMS - Somfit: refer abstract, description, figures, applicable claims sections or subsequent divisional app^catmns. ELIFEWATCH INVEmOM DECRIPTION Pattent wearable smart health watch device incorporating any combination ci: STANDARD eLifeWATCH MODEL SPECIFICATION • Integrated environmental light detection sensor • Integrated microphone sensor (RHS: • Figure 7) with option for enhanced watch lens coupled sound dish function; • Integrated pulse pressure sensor; • Integrated photo plethysmography system with oximetry plethysmography option • Integrated temperature sensor; (Figure 1; • Figure 7}; • Motion / tremor detection system with, fall-detection and capability patient posture detection capability; • GSR sensors with accompanying second wrist band option (for wrist to wrist GSR function) • Unique configurable monitoring sensor platform whereby modular rear watch panel supports a vast range of embedded monitoring smart watch sensors and systems OTHER eLifeWATCH MODEL SPECIFICATIONS • Configurable display parameters • Waterproof rated • 1 week charge capability with standard smart watch mode • 3 day 24-7 day-sleep eLifeWATCH all-channel acquisition mode eLifeWATCH PLATFORM SPECIFICATIONS 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 • Community shareable eHealthMEDICS App free or purchased App shop display options and reporting programs • Scientific, developer SDK and technical community shareable eHealthMEDICS App free or purchased App shop display and reporting programs • Personalised “opt-in” health community Apps for Android, Apple, PC or mobile wireless devices • Sleep 360 SAAS including SAAS including cloud-computing services or NAS • Neuro 360 SAAS including SAAS including cloud-computing services or NAS • Ultrasonic Doppler bloodflow (Figure 9) • 360 SAAS including cloud-computing services or NAS • Cardio 360 SAAS including cloud-computing services or NAS Patient wearable smart health watch device incorporating any combination of: • OTHER SPECIFICATIONS • interface to wireless network such as (but not limited to network application services (NAS), SAAS including cloud-computing services or other network or point to point interconnection; • temporary and / or removable storage capabilities; • wireless gateway / interconnection-capability with wearable chest or abdomen band • wireless gateway / interconnection-capability with wearable device (such as but not limited to band or watch); • One or more motion or movement detection sensors or systems, incorporating capability for linear (i.e. spectral analysis) and non-linear (i.e. spectral entropy or associated complexity analysis) for enhanced distinguishing and classifying of neurological, nervous and / or muscular system disorders and associated symptomatic vibration or movement “footprints”; • Psychological state-linked tremor and / or vibration and / or motion analysis to enable enhanced diagnostic classification of sleep, wake, cardiac, respiratory, neurological, nervous and / or muscular system disorders and associated symptomatic vibration or movement “footprints”; Integrated function (per above motion detection) or separate posture detection and / or falldetection and / or step or run status and / or other gate parameters; Unique option for Gyrometer to enhance posture / position / fall-detection; / gate tracking capabilities; Option for geopositioning system (GPS) capable of assisting with geographical locational determination; Option for One or more integral electrocardiograph (ECG) sensors (such as carbonised rubber sensors); One or more light sensors with option of smart watch light combined light analysis function for enhanced environmental light determination (i.e. sleep statistical analysis outcomes); One or more respiratory inductive plethysmography and / o piezoelectric and / or PVD respiratory sensors or sensor bands; Option for body EMG sensor and monitoring via ECG or separate sensors, with option to provide effort measures associated with breathing effort and delineation of central versus obstructive monitoring and event determination; Option for plethysmography oximeter module and associated analysis enabling cardiac functions including PTT, pulse wave amplitude, Pulse arterial tine, pulse transient oscillation amplitude, oximetry (Figure 6;Figure 7;Figure 9; Figure 13); Increase Acquisition and Analysis and Complexity without Conventional Data and Analysis Shortcomings: • The present invention incorporates processing capabilities whereby extensive or additional processing requirements can be undertaken by means of distributed or parallel processing systems including (but not limited to) accompanying processing systems, interface to wireless network such as (but not limited to) network application services (NAS), cloud-computing services or other network or point to point interconnection (Figure 13). • Unique processes have been developed to ensure data remains synchronised with other related simultaneously monitored information (i.e. subject’s physiological parameters; audio 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 and video of subject), interrupted or misaligned time-synchronised or time critical monitoring data can be constituted automatically and data is time stamped in such a manner that data integrity issues reconstitution status are always evident to user so that incomplete records or misaligned data, along with associated diagnostic ambiguity and risk of misinterpretation can be avoided. Essential oversight and health-community involvements to ensure the accuracy and diagnostics of such processes the potential risks of misdiagnosis: • The present invention incorporates health-carer “opt in” functionality. -whereby “Opt in” Refers to the present inventions capability to allow access by other parties, subject to special medical authorisation. I.e. said “special medical authorisation” can, for example, involve online verification or clearance and confirmation that a medical practitioner is legitimately registered register in order to confirm the legitimacy and qualifications, registration etc. of a medical practitioner’s current and acceptable registration status with the official relevant register(s). In this manner the present invention enables the system user to opt-in (enables approved health-care workers to be designated and authorised by the system user), in order to ensure only user selects who can access what data, thus ensuring privacy and data security. I.e. users can request medical “op-in” or “Link-in” status for their personalised “health-network” (i.e. general practitioners, dentists, chiropractors, osteopath, chiropodist etc.). Once subject / patient / user has “opted” in their personalised health-network group, “opted” in where and who health alerts and messages should be transmitted, opted in what calendar appointments should be automatically configured in personalised calendar, opted in what scheduling should be automatically configured in personalised schedules, opted in what medical record systems are authorised for interface or data access (i.e. personally controlled electronic health record (PCEHR) and opted in what other management systems (mobile phone, smart-watch etc.) can be accessed or configured as part of the present inventions interconnectivity options. • Wearable band (for head, body, any body extremity etc.) with integrated fitness motion and genuine sleep diagnostic monitoring capability • An example of the present invention embodiment screen displays includes a watch mode display screen with single eLifeWATCH menu button activation including 4 application display screen and a home sleep test (HST) set-up display screen (Figure 6: Figure 10). • Example embodiment of watch-body modular sensor platform system incorporating PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHY and / or OXIMETERY PLETHYSMOGRAPHY and / or TEMPERATURE and / or spring-pressure-loaded or fixed ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL (i.e. conductive rubber) or SKIN GALVONIC SESNOR (GSR) monitoring electrodes and / or DOPPLER ULTRASOUND MONTORING and / or TONONOMETER MONITORING (vascular monitoring) sensor system and / or LIGHT DETECION SENSOR and / or MICROPHONE sensor (Figure 7). • Example of 3-step eLifeWATCH HST study process (Figure 8): • STEP 1: Go to AMAZON or eHealthSHOPCARTand click to buy eLifeWATCH for your personalised healthcare everywhere with inbuilt temp; pulse; activity / position; skin / GSR; pleth-oximeter; sound; light. The modular rear cover provides specialised eLifeWATCH options including Doppler / ultrasound vascular functions (patent pending), plethysmography oximeter (patent pending), vascular pressure pulse sensing system (patent pending), interstitial glucose (patent pending), blood-pressure analyser, etc. eLifeWATCH covers eHealthMEDICS current and future generation applications and services. • STEP 2: Go to AMAZON or eHealthSHOPCART, eHealthSENSORS, or eHealth DATAPLAN and click to buy eLifeWATCH Sensor Kit or your special eHealthMEDICS service requirements. • Ie. US Home Sleep Test Type i), II), iii) and / or iv) or AU Level 2 • OPTIONAL: While you are there or alternatively go to eHealth DATAPLAN • STEP 3: Go to eHealthYOU or eHealthMEDICS and “opt-in” your personalised health community. • STEP 4: Charge eLifeWATCH and sensor kit (lasts 1 week with normal or standby usage) via eLifeWATCH POD (Figure 8): Embodinwnt of the oresont inventions Watch"bosed sleeo monitoring systems • Study Type is automatically detected and eLifeWATCH system configured for YOU • Simple translucent sensor kits with disposable self-adhesive electrodes (like “magic-tape” bandaids) kits are available (ie AMAZON click and buy) for different sleep, cardiac and neurology studies (Figure 8). • 2 CM, 4CM and 8CM spaced electrode pairs come in wide (6mm) medium (4mm) and narrow (3mm) options, enabling the magnetic-aligned sensor electronic module to easily align and faultlessly snap connect, virtually invisible and with minimal obtrusion. • Peel-backing paper off sensors, attach fully charged magnetic-aligned (patent pending) sensor modules and watch the eLifeWATCH indictors stop blinking. • The green circle around eLifeWATCH sensor display when charged > 24hrs or red when not. • Unique use of eLifeWATCH display (or select animated video guide) using number and colour codes locational guide system. • Unique eLifeWATCH automatically detects sensor type and configures system (patent pending) so that the study type and system screens you need are automatically presented. • Unique eLifeWATCH display SETUP mode (Figure 11; LEFT) is displayed and sensors will blink until all sensors and signal quality is acceptable and then OK mode is displayed (see Figure 8). • Scroll through screens (Figure 12) for animated video guides, helpful hints, troubleshooting, diagnosis, more detailed status etc. RR AR WATCH sMGDLQ F SFNSGR PLATFORM of The invention a subject wearable device for body, head, limbs or body extremity attachment or application Including but not limited to wristband, watch or mobile monitoring, sensing or communication devices with interface capability to monitored subject and / or interface capability between wearable devices and a “watch-case modular sensor platform” and / or “watch-face modular sensor platform” and / or “watch-body modular sensor platform” (Figure 13). In one embodiment of the present invention a “watch / wristband body” and / or “watch / wristband face” and / or “watch / wristband -back” and / or “watch / wristband strap and / or “watch / wristband buckle” detachable or removable modular sensor platform system includes a watch device containing processing capability whereby an interface between the said “watch-body modular sensor platform" enables any of or any combination of analogue, power, digital or wireless interface in order to enable a range of configurable smart watch devices with a spectrum of environmental or health monitoring characteristics, including (but not limited to) embedded, attached and / or integrated sensors (via watch-back) along with option of automatic processing capabilities as further detailed under sub-headings listed in this document including any health monitoring aspects such as (but not limited to) of sound monitoring; Stethoscope auscultation sensor, monitoring and automatic analysis, classification, tracking and detection capabilities; Acoustic noise cancellation system; Motion detection; REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD); Pulse wave analysis (PWA) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) monitoring and analysis capability; PWA and PWV sensors; Pulse wave analysis (PWA) sensor measures; Ballistocardiograph; Position, locational and movement sensing and monitoring; Movement and locational information; ECG sensor(s) and monitoring; Light sensor(s) and monitoring; Breathing band sensors and monitoring; EMG sensors and monitoring; GSR; Cardiac function; Sleep training system; Photo-plethysmography (PPG) ( Figure 7); Plethysmography Oximetry; Pulse transient oscillation amplitude measures; temperature ( 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 Figure 7), Energy-exertion / metabolism-monitoring (EM) as a surrogate calorie-burn measure; Physiological and / or Sleep and / or Wake measures or markers; along with other psychological states (i.e. sleep, wake). Environmental sensing (with alarm or alert or indicator or interface to mobile device associated or messaging, email, phone automated voice message and other information or communication systems, ionisation monitoring, ionisation smoke alarm, methane monitoring, toxic gas monitoring, toxic chemical monitoring and / or C02 gas monitoring, methane gas monitoring and / or thermometer. Multivariate analysis capabilities enable any combination of environmental or health variables to be analysed and generate indicators, alarms and messaging capabilities based on exceeding baseline normal or safe operational regions or any pre-determined combinations or clusters or events or health conditions or environmental conditions of interest or concern. Deltas ted Dcssod often of tho Flooroo Figure 6 eHealth WATCH incorporating programmable watch face with heath indications, health monitoring applications, monitoring setup and select applications, and sensor monitoring platform . Figure 7 eLifeWATCH with health monitoring sensor examples. Figure 8 Example of health wearable monitoring companion web “shop” application. Figure 9 eLifeWATCH Doppler ultrasound example. Figure 70 eLifeWATCH gesture or button display and menu toggle selection. Figure 11 eLifeWATCH setup and signal validation example application screens. Figure 72 Smart health watch gesture control interface. Figure 13 eLifewatch with smartphone, sensors interfaces and wireless information access system (i.e. NAS, SAAS, or cloud-computing services). Figure 73 eLifewatch with smartphone, sensors interfaces and wireless information access system (i.e. NAS, SAAS, or cloud-computing services). ELIFEBUDS iWEmoM description • The present invention provides a incorporates into a patient wearable device such as ear phone(s) one or more integrated (embedded or attached) sensors (Figure 14) capable of 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 monitoring one or more physiological parameters, enabling the present invention to function as a physiological monitor and mobile wireless device holder. • The present invention provides a sensor capable of detecting fine tremor movements ranging from cardioballistogram or tremors to coarser vibrations or movements. Such a sensor can comprise of a membrane or sensor (such as accelerometer) capable of detecting movement or motion and generating a signal or measure associated with said “movement or motion”. • The present invention enables access to said information related to “signal or measure associated with said movement or motion” in order to generate directly access “information” or further “transformations or transpositions (linear or non-linear)” of said “information” in order to associate such “information” with sleep states, including REM sleep state in order to identify possible phases of physiologically generated tremor associated with incidences of rem behaviour disorder. • The present invention provides a incorporates said information relating to “signal or measure associated with said movement or motion” or RBD in the decision process or control process applicable to optimise the administration of appropriate drug therapy in order to achieve predetermined outcomes in terms of any of or any combination of minimising RBD and / or tremor conditions during pre-specified sleep or wake states. • EMG via carbonised rubber sections of earphone inserts where conductive carbon sections of the earbuds can be positioned in a manner where skin contact and conduction of small electrical signals is possible between two or more of these carbon conductive regions (i.e. galvanic skin resistance can be determined form the measurement of constant current transmitted between two said conductive sensors as a means of determining the impedance / resistance between the two sensors, which changes with different sleep states, subject perspiration and other physiological changes); • EEG including vestibular signals via carbonised rubber sections earphone inserts, where a conductive electrode such as carbonised rubber or other electrical conductive material can detect signals around the brain cochlear region (i.e. PAMR as a measure of auditory muscle responding to sound levels (for example), which can be deployed as a measure of excessive volume and potential auditory damage of a subject). • PAMR via carbonised rubber sections earphone inserts (as described above); • Galvanic skin resistance via carbonised rubber sections earphone inserts (as described above); • ECG via carbonised rubber sections earphone inserts (i.e. conductive sensors as a means of determining small but detectable signal measures evident throughout the skin surface as a marker of cardiology function and heart rate variability); Audiology acoustic testing capabilities comprising any of or any combination of hearing assessments (i.e. useful with earplug usage as continued high volume usage of earplugs, and particularly with sensitive hearing physiology amongst younger children or adults, van lead to permanent hearing damage if left unchecked or undiagnosed (i.e. the present invention provides a means of automatically enabling hearing screen tests and audiology tracking of same within a mobile device, so that a parent or individual can be recommended for further medical assistance where signed may suggest hearing deterioration or possible risk. The present invention enables hearing tests to be contained within a mobile phone or music or hearing aid or any combination of same system(s), in order to provide automatic and hearing screening tests, coaching and elevated awareness, as a means of mitigating the potential of more serious unchecked hearing damage amongst children and adults, alike. The present invention also has the means of utilising such hearing test outcomes as measure of auditory volume sensitivity, spectral auditory sensitivity, auditory conductive characteristics, auditory directional hearing characteristics (i.e. multiple spatially distributed speakers within earbuds can change and compensate for spatial directivity disorders) in order to automatically compensate each subject / patient-specific optimal auditory processing requirements in accordance to user’s preferred mode (i.e. speech intelligibility, music listening, noisy room conversation focus, classroom audibility etc.). The present invention can provide an audiometer function as part of a mobile device and earplugs or headphones, whereby the headphone or earplugs can generate a series of sounds including frequencies bursts, frequency pips, MMN, odd-ball responses, auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) of other AEP test paradigms capable of contributing towards the assessment of 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 an individual’s hearing or attention / awareness (i.e. sedation, alertness, concentration (such as applicable to diagnosing autism spectral disorders, ADHD etc.). A companion forehead or other EEG head monitoring system (ke, per, but not limited to, monitoring examples Including any of or any combination of examples presented in Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 16 Figure 21; Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 27 Figure 28; Figure 45; Figure 46; Figure 47; Figure 48; Figure 49; Figure 50; Figure 51; Figure 52; Figure 53; Figure 54; Figure 55) can be used to monitor myogenic (i.e. PAMR) or neurogenic responses to auditory sound or stimuli (i.e. such as but not limited to presence of tone pips or other frequency pips, tone bursts or frequency generated test sequences etc.), as a means of assessing a subject’s auditory evoked potential (AEP) hearing performance (i.e. hearing conductivity, directional determination, sensitivity, spectral response etc.). The present invention can provide an audiometer function as part of a mobile device and earplugs or headphones, the headphone or earplugs can generate a series of test sequence sounds including frequencies bursts or frequency pips. The present invention can include electrophysiological sensors attached or embedded (i.e. conductive material) to or as part of the earplugs, in a manner whereby the neurological and myogenic signals in the proximity of ear-plug or he cortical region of the subject can be monitored as part of an AEP test paradigm. The present invention can include one or more vibration (i.e. speaker) vibration sensor capable of vibrating at a range of frequencies in order to emulate the characteristics of a tuning fork whereby the individual can be tested sound conductivity (i.e. a measure or screening assessment of conductive hearing loss) versus the sensor function of the subject’s auditory physiology. The present invention can include one or more vibrating probe(s) (i.e. speaker or other vibrating element embedded or attached to earplug in a manner where the probe can vibrate similar to a tuning fork used to evaluate conductive (hearing loss) be on sensor capable of vibrating at a range of frequencies in order to emulate the characteristics of a tuning fork whereby the individual can be tested sound conductivity (i.e. a measure or screening assessment of conductive hearing loss) versus the sensor function of the subject’s auditory physiology. The present invention can include one or more separate and / or the standard speaker transducer(s) used for generating sound (i.e. embedded or attached to earplug or headphones) whereby any combination of AEP testing and also voluntary responses (i.e. subject taps or indicates with a user interface when they can or cannot hear certain sounds in order for sensorineural (i.e. caused by a problem in the auditory nerve or auditory pathwavs / cortex of the brain) hearing loss to be evaluated). The present earbud or headphone system invention can include a means of deploying hearing in noise (HINT) within said system, whereby means can comprise of incorporating separate and / or the standard speaker transducer(s) used for generating sound (i.e. embedded or attached to earplug or headphones) whereby test paradigms comprising any of generating sound sequences in situations with both guiet and noisy surrounding audio conditions (i.e. competing sounds or audio sequences) can be simulated as part of current system. Additionally, the present invention comprises of a plurality of speakers strategically positioned within the present invention earplug or headphones in a manner earphone that directional sound can be simulated in order to evaluate a subject’s ability to distinguish sound from different directions (i.e. the location of speakers at different positions with respect to the ear canal via earbuds or ear structure with headphones can tend to simulate changes in sound direction (i.e. speakers at the top, left, front, back, bottom, etc. can tend to simulate sound direction and assess an individual’s neurological processing of sound direction (i.e. with aid of user interface prompting user to indicate perceived changing sound direction based on activating different speaks at different locations in terms of a subject’s auditory spatial orientation). The present invention can enable HINT testing where a number of conditions including (but not limited to) the assessment of a subject’s hearing performance under a number of conditions including any of or combination of: generating sentences or sound sequences without competing background noise, generating sentences or sound sequences with competing background noise, generating sentences or sound sequences with competing background noise with a directivity (i.e. simulated with multiple strategically located or position speakers within earplug or headphone system) aspect (i.e. sound perceived as being evolving from in front of subject by way of activating similar sounds and speaker direction (i.e. same sound and speaker front 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 positioned activation) in subject’s left and right ears to simulate “centred” sound from subject’s perspective), generating sentences or sound sequences with a 90 degrees left or 90 degrees right directivity (i.e. simulated with multiple strategically located or position speakers within earplug or headphone system) aspect (i.e. sound can be steered from left to right by adjusting which speakers and what levels of sound are generated by strategically positioned speakers within earbuds or headphones). The present invention provides a means of computing the signal to noise ratio for different conditions based on the determination of the level of loudness required to playback sentences above background noise before a subject can repeat sentences correctly at least 50% of the time. The present invention can use a microphone such as the standard in-built or earbud microphone to record and analyse correctness of subject’s ability to repeat sentences (buried or distinguished from the generation of competing background noise). The present earbud or headphone system invention can include a means of incorporating tympanogram hearing assessment within said system, whereby means can comprise of incorporating (i.e. embedded within or as part of or attached to earbud(s)) one or more pressure sensors in both or either of the earbuds or headphones, in a manner that a speaker or other device (i.e. part of earbud or headphones, such as calibrated speaker transducer and / or tiny valve arrangement to generate and measure (i.e. a calibrated pressure sensor capable or measuring pressure in ear canal in a manner where the generated pressure and / or corresponding air generated air volume versus the resulting pressure and / or resulting ear canal air volume and / or pressure help to describe tympanic membrane characteristics such as ear drum perforation) desired pressure and pressure variation) can generate and vary a pressure in the ear canal and measures corresponding pressure or leakage of pressure in order to determine the ear canal volume and determine (for example) the function of the tympanic membrane (i.e. perforation in the eardrum). The present earbud or headphone system invention can include a means of incorporating acoustic reflex test capability within said system, whereby means can comprise of (i.e. embedded within or as part of or attached to earbud(s) 3 main elements (each element can include a separate tube directed at the subject’s ear canal and the earbud forms a tight seal with the subject ear canal. The present earbud invention can contain (for example only but not limited to) any of or any combination of an air-coupling tube where said tubes can transmit sound via a speaker, another can connect the ear canal to a microphone, another can be a pressure generation pump (i.e. miniature pump within earbud) capable of generating a range of pressures typically ranging between -200 daPa to +400 daPa (1 pascal is equal to 0.1 dekapascal (daPa)), and / or another said tube can couple the ear-canal pressure to a pressure measurement transducer (whereby said tubes can be one or more combined tubes). A series of tones can be generated via the speaker and resulting impedance (via acoustic reflectometery) can be measured at the microphone. The resulting values can be used to generate a graph referred to as a tympanogram comprising of compliance or acoustic impedance corresponding to a range of pressure values. In this way the present invention can include one or more separate and / or the standard speaker transducer(s) used for generating sound (i.e. embedded or attached to earplug or headphones) whereby one or more said speaker transducers are calibrated to generate a known sound pressure level, and where a tone (i.e. such as but not limited to a tine greater than 70 Decibel sound pressure level (DBSPL ) can be presented to subject in order to measure of the subject’s stapedius muscle (protects the ear from loud noises, including the subjects own voice which can be 90 DBSPL or more at the subject’s eardrum, for example). The present invention comprises of any of or any combination of sensorineural (i.e. caused by problems in the cochlear,, the sensory organ or hearing), conductive (i.e. caused by problems in outer or middle ear) hearing loss, hearing in noise (HINT), tympanogram (determination of how well the eardrum and other structures in middle ear are working), acoustic reflex test (to evaluate a subject’s hearing thresholds, as well as provide information about vestibular and facial nerve function). • Pulse plethysmography (PPG) and outputs (see A&CD patent) ; ear reflectance-based pulse oximetery contributing to non-invasive measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate (PR), along with outputs and contribution to measures including pulse-wave amplitude, pulse arterial tone, pulse transient oscillation amplitude, PTT arousal, surrogate or qualitative 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 blood-pressure measures, sleep stage confidence levels or probability based on vascular tonicity and autonomic disturbances • Pressure pulse signal • Temperature measures • Metabolism, effort or energy exertion monitoring of individual (see also An armband-worn • The present invention provides a incorporates a gyro-meter system capable of determining an individual tilt or angular position with reference to gravity or horizon position as a measure of health (i.e. gait, Parkinson’s onset, fall-detection) or a fitness (optimal performance motion, performance, behavioural physiological mechanics, efficiency, improvement etc.) as also further detailed in this document under health conditions or monitoring detail sub-headings. • Locational information based on GPS or derived from communications systems including (but not limited to) any of or any combination of CDMA / Code Division Multiple Access, GSM / Global System for Mobiles, Wifi, satellite, LAN, WAN and / or Bluetooth systems; • The present invention provides a position sensor system (such as “metal ball in switch cage device capable of determining an individual’s posture at any time); • The present invention provides a incorporates a photo-plethysmography pulse sensor; • The present invention provides a incorporates as part of the body of ear-buds (such as wireless linked music or communication earphones) any sensors including (but not limited to) sensor for the monitoring of cardioballistogram (i.e. sensitive membrane sensor system such as accelerometer), temperature (i.e. thermistor, thermo-coupler, PVDF, infrared LDR, infrared LDR and interfaced infrared LED (including LED switching for 3-dimensional thermal-imaging characterisation or mapping capabilities) capable of deploying near-field energy heat characterisation associated with an individual’s effort or energy exertion or related metabolism or calorie burning rate, as detailed elsewhere in this document). • The present invention provides a enables a means of signifying to an individual wearing earbuds of precursors to health conditions or events of interest such as cardiac events or thresholds, whereupon automated auditory (which can override music or ongoing phone audio as warranted) in circumstances when respiratory rates or oxygen saturation, body-temperature or other factors potentially detrimental to safe and reasonable physiological conditions. • The present invention provides a enables a means of signifying to an individual wearing earbuds of precursors to health or safety conditions including determination of rail-crossings, raids or detection of on-coming vehicles which otherwise may not be noticed due to reduced sensory perception related to factors such as phone calls or music, whereby the present invention can override music or ongoing phone audio as warranted in order to notify individual of pending or possibly pending danger. Such processes or devices can be used in conjunction with glasses or other wearable or mobile camera or audio monitoring devices. The present invention provides a wireless-linked stereo or mono ear-buds to incorporate health management systems capable of any combination of: Audio sound Integrated glasses with superimposed audio-synchronised video capability Integrated temperature sensor(s) ntegrated oximeter Integrated plethysmography oximeter Integrated plethysmography oximeter with any information outputs including : Pulse wave amplitude Pulse transit time Pulse arterial tone pulse oximeter with plethysmography waveform One or more ECG signals ballistogram motion detection movement detection GPS system Gyro position detection Patient position detection Electrophysiological sensor including any combination of: EEG sensor EEG including vestibular detection EMG sensor PAMR sensor Light pulse reflectance detection oximeter system Light reflectance oximeter system Audio noise cancellation system Auditory echo monitoring system ER stimulation capability ER auditory response measurement capability ER auditory testing echo measurement system IP wireless interface capability IP wireless interface capability with video glasses superposition capability Wireless data modem capability Wireless mobile phone capability Wireless video and mobile phone capability with synchronises video superposition glasses capability The present mventton provides PHOHE-HOLDER of present invention- combined phone, entertainment, health-tracking and / or hearing aid ear-bods nr headphones The present invention incorporates within earphone buds the capability of one or microphones in one or two subject-worn earphones whereby said microphones can measure environmental sounds including speech various orientations, and by way of analysing phase, amplitude level, spectral composition and comparative characteristics between two or more said microphones from earphones place in one or both subject’s ears (as well as the option of other locations). Thereby enabling a means of reconstituting sound in a manner where speech of interest can be processed in order to de-noise (including unwanted or background noise cancellation) and then steer focus of auditory reception (i.e. weighting different microphone sound-sources based on steering ultimate “sound source of interest” driving earphone speakers. Where driving earphone speakers of interest can include driving a plurality of speakers in each earphone and collectively across both earphones in order to maximise spatial information for subject and / or speech audio focus and / or spectral filtering and / or background or unwanted background noise in accordance to subjects specific auditory hearing requirements as well as personalised audio options (i.e. speech focus, music enjoyment, speech tuning in crowded or noise environments, etc.). The present invention further provides a means of augmenting conventional entertainment and / or health sensing ear-buds or earphones wireless or wire connected versions enabling augmentation to conventional mobile phone or entertainment audio or audio-visual applications. Said invention can be calibrated and compensated for subject-specific hearing performance using online application or in specialised acoustic environment. The present invention provides ear-buds health monitoring include pamr HEARING FUNCTION) of the present invention - The present invention describes wearable audio ear or headphone(s) method or devices incorporating health monitoring capability comprising one or more electrophysiological sensors (electrodes) capable of neural and / or myogenic monitoring capabilities. The said neural monitoring can include monitoring electroencephalography (EEG) signals, via electrodes embedded or attached as part of earphone or headphone devices, including the capability to monitor EEG signals, in the cochlear or vestibular brain regions. Other EEG monitoring can include the monitoring proximity head or scalp regions via additional wire connected electrodes. The said myogenic monitoring can include monitoring post-auricular muscle responses (PAMR), via electrodes embedded or attached as part of earphone or headphone devices, including the capability to monitor electromyography (EMG) signals, in the cochlear or vestibular brain regions. Other EMG monitoring can include the monitoring proximity head or scalp regions via additional wire connected electrodes. 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 The present invention records and analyses the post-auricular muscle response (PAMR) as a biometrics signal applicable to loud sound level responses and relevant to potentially regulating or minimising dangerous sound levels in children’s or adults earphones or ear-buds or headphones and thus mitigate potential hearing damage otherwise applicable (especially to younger children with more sensitive auditory sensory systems). The present invention further incorporates as part of a mobile or wireless mobile processing device or phone incorporating a series of audiology tests via an application software and audiology test paradigms. Said “audiology tests” can comprise of any of or any combination of: • Pure Tone Audiometry; - Air conduction; - Bone conduction; - High frequency; - May need to use modified pure tones (e.g., warble, pulsed) around frequencies affected by tinnitus; - Masking may exacerbate tinnitus, so should not be performed until after tinnitus perception assessments, if at all; • Tinnitus matching; - Pitch; - Loudness; • Minimum masking level; • Total / partial residual inhibition; • Speech audiometry, which may involve; - Detection; - Recognition; - Identification; - Discrimination; - Masking if required (judgment required on likelihood of tinnitus exacerbation); • Tympanometry; • Otoacoustic Emissions; - Transient Evoked; - Distortion Product; and / or • Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)7. Ear-phone PAMR monitoring background: The problem: Prolonged high-level audio via earphones can adversely impact hearing and lead to permanently hearing dysfunction, particularly amongst younger infants and children. The Solution: Health monitoring in the form of continuous audiology Audiology measures incorporated in the wires, attachment straps or actual earphones, ear-buds or head-phones can provide useful tracking information to prevent hearing damage due to excessive volume or excessive amplitude specific to an individual hearing response and hearing function. The present invention provides a number of audiology measures capable of minimising risk such hearing damage by way of incorporating with a hearing device (earphone(s), ear-bud(s), headphone(s)) microphone capable of measuring dB sound pressure levels (SPL) or various said “audiology tests” or related surrogate measures. By presenting a continuous click sound to a subject (i.e. via earphones) the PAM response can be evoked and measures with electrophysiological sensors. Traditionally this signal has been discarded as unwanted artefact. The PAM response can arguably be monitored as a measure of muscle tonicity. For example, as a subject approaches states of deeper sleep or anaesthesia the overall muscle activity of the body relaxes and therefore EMG responses are suppressed. By “evoking” the post-auricular muscle signal (i.e. loud click sounds to the ear) and then monitoring the resulting “evoked response” one can further gauge a subject’s depth of sleep or depth of anaesthesia. For example, as a subject transitions into deeper stages of sleep such as REM sleep or anaesthesia, the tonicity of the subject’s muscles are progressively suppressed and similarly the evoked PAM response progressively diminishes. Thus evoking the PAM with an auditory click and then measuring the amplitude of the resulting PAM response (“evoked post auricular response”) can provide a useful measure of sleep or anaesthesia depth. Consequently, the responsiveness and ^026204730   18 Jun 2026 associated amplitude of the PAMR can be used as a marker of sound pressure level presented to a subject. Description of the Figures Figure 14 eLifeBUDS battery powered wireless earphones incorporating a platform of sleep, fitness and / or health monitoring and / or analysis and / or indication or alert capabilities. CLAh^S - ebfeBUDS - refer abstract, description, figures, applicable claims sections or subsequent divisional applications. ELIFEKIT BACKGROUND The importance of Steep • Quality sleep is essential for all aspects of health, wellbeing, lifestyle and even zest for life. • The most damaging impacts of sleep deprivation are from inadequate deep sleep. • During deep sleep the body repairs itself and restores energy for the day ahead. • It is the quality of the sleep time and not just the number of hours in bed that is most important. • Sleep is made up of different stages and each stage in the sleep cycle offers different benefits. • Deep sleep (Stage N3) and REM sleep are the most important stages of sleep. • About 50% of total sleep time is spent in Stage 2 sleep, 20% in REM sleep, and 30% in the remaining stages, including deep sleep, for the normal adult. • Sleep debt is the difference between the amount and quality of sleep you get versus your needs. • Sacrificing sleep adds to your sleep debt. • Eventually, sleep debt must be “repaid” in order to rebalance “sleep-account”. • Sleep debt contributes to sleep urges during the day, leading to lapses in attention and reduction in daytime performance including transport accidents, medical errors, falls and other mistakes, mishaps and safety risks.. • Reliable or effective sleep monitoring cannot be achieved using traditional mainly wrist monitoring system, but rather requires monitoring of the brain, muscle tonicity and eyes. • Insufficient deep sleep adversely impacts metabolism and weight, memory recall, energy levels, occupational risks, immune system including the body’s ability to suppress dangerous cells or even fight cancer, and indeed our overall state of health and life-quality. • Amongst children, poor quality sleep has been linked to low IQ and behavioural disorders, whilst amongst women with sleep disorders the unborn foetus health and even life is at risk with serious disorders such as hypertension or preeclampsia. • Sleep deprivation leads to moodiness, impatience, irritability, lack of concentration and feeling or tiredness and general apathy. • Sleep disorders have been linked to cardiovascular health, such as increased stress hormone levels, hypertension, irregular heartbeat, and congestive heart failure. In terms of sleep disorder co-morbidities the majority of sufferers of drug resistant hypertension [1], obesity [2], congestive heart failure [3], diabetes type 2 [4], stroke and transient ischemic attack [5] also have sleep disordered breathing. Problem with Traditional consumer-level health monitors • Quality or healthy sleep is dependent on sufficient deep-sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (a.k.a. dream sleep) and not just time the time spent sleeping. 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 • Other consumer monitoring devices such as Fitbit “is not a reliable device for the estimation of sleep-wake patterns and sleep quality, significantly overestimating wake and underestimating sleep-efficiency.”8. • Previous attempts such as ZEO relied upon unreliable and uncomfortable head-band pressure fit sensors and un- validated indices. • Traditional health trackers claim sleep monitoring and sleep quality tracking but simply stated this cannot be achieved without monitoring brain, muscle and eye measures. • Without routine deep-sleep and REM sleep tracking we cannot track the consistency or enduring effects of sleep quality. • Moreover, without user-friendly and simplified consumer-accessible sleep tracking the average consumer cannot reliably access or manage their own personalised sleep and arguably lifequality, in general. • Without effective sleep quality monitoring we have little idea of the quality of our sleep, let-alone the impact this is having on our daytime performance, mood, occupational risks and overall lifestyle and health status. • Without effective sleep quality monitoring we cannot effectively track our personalised sleep-debt or the depth or daytime sleep urges, let-alone understand the associated risk to ourselves and others. • Without effective sleep quality monitoring we cannot track the cause and effects of avoidable sleep disturbances, such as environmental noise or other conditions. • Without effective sleep quality monitoring we may miss early signs of sleep disorders which could be reported to our doctor for the early intervention to potentially avoid more severe health conditions. • Without effective sleep quality monitoring we risk not tracking the causes and effects of sleep quality changes with age, sleeping environment, health conditions and stress. INVENTION DECRfFHON • eHealthMEDICS solution incorporates a eLifeCHESTchest-worn band with a “companion” eLife WATCH smart health watch, unique network application services (NAS) high-dependence data management (HDCM) system 9(RFM14935), and a special eLifeSLEEPforehead-attached, self-adhesive wireless electrode array capable of enabling traditional fitness or activity tracking and professional-level sleep monitoring, alike. • Monitoring of day-time activity and breathing together with night-time diagnostic sleep and breathing is now possible via a single integrated platform suitable for both consumer-level and professional-level health management. • Night-time, day-time and sleep-breathing can be monitored continuously and seamlessly via a single eHealthMEDICS chest-worn fitness / sleep system. eLifeSLEEP • Enables routine deep-sleep and REM sleep monitoring to allow ongoing tracking and investigation of the enduring effects of sleep quality. • Novel integration of online tracking of wrist-based sleep quality and sleep debt indices (1 to 10) together with conventional fitness level and goal measures. Sleep quality and sleep debt based on validated “gold-standard” sleep measures and indices. • Simple but sophisticated to enable consumer-friendly consumer and professional-level monitoring suitable for tracking not only the amount of time spent sleeping but most importantly the quality of sleep - i.e. adequate deep-sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (a.k.a. dream sleep). • Uses professional-level (“gold-standard”) medically-proven format monitoring approach and associated self-adhesive, disposable-sensors (minimises risk of cross-infection). • Sensor system enables continuous monitoring of “gold-standard” sleep parameters covering brain, muscle and eye measures, (i.e. EEG, EMG, EOG) enabling automatic online determination and display of deep-sleep and REM sleep, along with associated sleep architecture and validated indices such as sleep efficiency. • Enables the determination of sleep quality, applicable for achieving optimal levels of daytime performance, mood control, occupational risk mitigation, and an overall high quality lifestyle and health status. 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 • Enables sleep quality monitoring and incorporates an associated personalised sleep journal with automated sleep-debt tracker to help manage the depth or daytime sleep urges and contribute to associated occupational safety aspects. • Incorporates a novel means of tracking the cause and effects of avoidable sleep disturbances, such as environmental noise or other conditions, including online automated sleep disturbance event cause, effect and preventative action (CAPA) analysis. • Enables effective sleep quality monitoring to help your personalised health-management and also assist your doctor or health specialist with early intervention to potentially avoid more severe health conditions. • Enables effective routine sleep quality monitoring to help your personalised healthmanagement and also assist your doctor or health specialist in concert with sleep quality variations due to changing factors such as age, weight, fitness, sleep position, alcohol consumption, sleeping environment, health conditions and stress. • Unique biological synchronised sound discrimination capability whereby respiratory and sleep disturbances can be automatically analysed and classified online and presented as a simple “sleep progress” CAPA personalised sleep tracking. Provides sleep disturbance journal complete with suggested or likely causes with informative hints for improving sleep, i.e. i.e. one can track personal versus partner’s snoring disruption impact and enable online CPAP traceability (i.e. online sound disturbance playback) enabling the ability to identify disruption source (i.e. abnormal events such as external noise including cars, doors banging, street noise, or personal disruption such as snoring or partner disruption such as snoring or coughing etc)9(RFM14935). The present invention : CAPA determination and countermeasures The present invention provides a enables a user to view their sleep patterns, hypnogram, architecture or other sleep summary with the incorporation or association of event markers representative of sleep or breathing disturbances, whereby the user can activate event marker in order to establish corrective action and preventative action (CAPA) information in order to assist with the management and ultimate reduction of sleep disordered or disturbances or improvement of sleep quality. Said “activation” includes (but is not limited to) replay of sound segments (i.e. corresponding to sleep disturbances) presenting monitored individual or health-carer to understand whether sound was of likely biological nature (i.e. biologically synchronised with subject monitored signals or of biological nature but related to other individual’s such as snoring partner) or other (street or house noises etc.). CAPA includes the means of automatically or manually deployed means of optimising or adapting settings of a therapeutic device or changing environmental conditions (i.e. temperature, room curtains or blinds can automatically be adjusted to block or reduce sound noise interference etc.) in order to improve sleeping or treatment conditions (controlled at a later time or online automatically, or controlled via health-carer remote intervention). The present invention (Somfit bangle) incorporate measures, goals (i.e. target or normal functional range) and / or indications of any of or any combination of sleep (i.e. sleep debt, sleep efficiency, sleep architecture, REM sleep, deep-sleep, wake after sleep onset) and / or fitness (steps, movement, mapped pathways, etc.) and / or the onset or incidence of health events or clusters of events (i.e. idiopathic RBD, Parkinson’s, Epilepsy, seizures, Alzheimer’s, Autism and other neurological, nervous system, and muscular or sleep disorders) of interest whereby a) same band can be interchangeable as head or wrist attached system, b) separate attachable systems can be deployed, c) automatic dynamical data synchronisation between head and / or other body monitored physiological processes or sleep parameters so that watch, wrist, mobile device or other related information access system can be continuously and efforts updated incorporating total duster / group of physiologic monitoring systems and related data. The present invention corrective action preventative action eCAPA function provides a means of adapting or adjusting any of or any combination of: -means of medication advice or recommendation based on CPAP outcomes - i.e. based on determination of a subject / patient’s natural circadian clock / rhythm versus the current or required subject / patent’s circadian clock / rhythm versus the offset between these said different circadian clock / rhythms, along with coaching and / or recommendation / advice and / or alarm clock or other 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 awakening / arousal stimulus and / or light therapy / room-light-adjustment / room-curtain adjustment (i.e. increased light can suppress the brains natural secretion of                   o / peg / while darkness can stimulate the release of melatonin. Medication capable of supressing or stimulating melatonin can be used to resynchronise or adapt the natural circadian clock / rhythm to the required wake / sleep or local time zone requirements. The present invention enables any of or any combination of circadian clock linked (i.e. based on determinations based on adjusting natural circadian clock when it is out of synchronisation with new environment) adjustment or adaptation by of: -Wrecommendations and / orgfe / nafetM / ggnsaferr, appropriate (i.e. any of or any combination of but not limited to medical, regulatory, health insurance, prescriptive and / or advisory requirements / recommendations) medication options is terms of adapting to new environment time and schedule requirements or conditions; of the present invention incorporates these said capabilities subject to regulatory requirements (i.e. any of or any combination of but not limited to data security, data privacy, medical, regulatory, health insurance, prescriptive and / or advisory requirements / recommendations) in accordance to providing subject / patient options for medication options (i.e. medication to modify melatonin generation or sleep urge suppression or sleep promotion capabilities) in order to compensate for jet-lag and other causation of shifts in natural circadian rhythm / clock versus new environment or sleep / wake / work requirements etc. The present invention g / W / w / wrffeafep include, but are not limited to, circadian clock / rhythm modification by way of medications. For example, by way of coaching or recommending dosage and / or types and / or controlling administration (i.e. automatic drug dispensing systems) promote sleep with hypnotic medications; non-sedative hypnotics (non-benzodiazepines -i.e. zolpidem etc.), or where required a benzodiazepine (i.e. short acting types to avoid oversedation, such as temazepan, along with the present inventions coaching hints, messaging, notifications etc. in terms of avoiding mixing alcohol with medication etc.) or otherwise recommendations such as daytime stimulants such a caffeine (along with the present inventions coaching hints, messaging, notifications etc. in terms of avoiding such stimulants after midday); As a further example the present invention can enable automatic drug administration or vending via a dispenser device can which can alert and / or recommend and / or dispense and / or manage via tablet draw with dispensation capabilities, along with other appropriate (i.e. with option of online oversight or authorisation using appropriate regulatory, medical and or health insurance approval means) medication administration methods; present invention can_help to manage short naps (i.e. 20-30 mins) which can increase energy but not undermine night-sleep, where said management can include any of or any combination of coaching, recommendations or control changes for controls to (including wearable devices such as watches, mobile phones, alarm clocks, lighting conditions, temperature and other environmental (including electric blanket temperature etc.) and / or sleep cycle / stage awakening optimisation (i.e. as covered elsewhere in this document) in order or best manage sleep nap periods based on subject / patient required parameters (i.e. available time, preferred prioritisation of circadian synchronisation with new environment versus time or schedule demands, versus cognition or energy demands etc.); in order to track alertness and cognitive health status via approaches such as testing an individual’s behavioural responsiveness, AEP / MMN etc. responses, visual responses, such as camera tracking and video analysis, of head position and / or eyes and / or blinking eyes based on interaction with audio-vidual material and comparative cognitive response measures (i.e. means of comparing subject / patient response to a specific audio-visual sequence compared to various population studies representative of calibrated mild, moderate, severe cognitive deficiency or alertness or attention or responsiveness etc.); (i-e- forehead, head, wrist, body, body extremities etc.), with                                           to help adjust for travel plans and implication of natural circadian clock versus new environment sleep / wake and scheduled requirements (i.e. avoiding critical performance or meeting decision exposure directly after travel where natural circadian rhythm / clock is significantly out of synch and not appropriately compensated for, when compared to new environment sleep / wake and time zone conditions); 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 incorporating integrated natural circadian clock versus asynchrony with respective time zone local environments; to help adjust for travel plans and implication of natural circadian clock versus new environment sleep / wake and scheduled requirements; -or g / hgr gghgtfg / fog           where recommendations, hints, warning, adjustment etc. can be presented as part of calendar notifications or recommendations / hints / messages etc. in order to help compensate for potential adverse circadian clock shift effects; feo&xs or' ooofro / osoocfs              or            / o f / Ho rfggogwW where the conventional clock, watch, mobile phone clock or alarm functions incorporate information of the asynchronous nature of the natural circadian clock / rhythm in order for subject / patient to be provided or to otherwise gauge based on available information (i.e. GPS, travel schedules, sleep or drowsy surveys, typical effects of circadian rhythm / clock shift etc.) and / or monitored information (i.e. subject / patient sleep studies, sleep patterns or related information) and / or environmental information (i.e. temperature, lighting conditions) and / or exercise (i.e. activity sensing from accelerometer and other motion or movement detection systems) and / or brain function (i.e. EEG monitoring of any signals related to the suprachiasmatic nucleus or associated regions providing any measures or markers indicative of the natural circadian clock / rhythm); -ff gA / fog egg feA (i.e. light therapy) or direct generation (i.e. lamp, clock, watch etc.) related to changing environmental lighting conditions of subject / patient; (biofeedback) where by device can change or adapt pressure automatically eHealth based or linked Corrective action preventative action (CAPA) control or feedback (i.e. online PAP / NIPPV control adaptation for minimal sleep fragmentation, RERA arousals, and / or sleep disordered breathing and / or maximal sleep efficiency and / or maximal sleep quality and / or optimal circadian rhythm / clock synchronisation (i.e. with local environment). ■ >-e- reduced environmental temperatures can contribute to awakening or alertness versus higher temperatures which are implicated during subject / patient drowsiness or sleepiness conditions); - fog / WH / Sy of adapting or adjusting-for or attempting to synchronise natural circadian rhythm / clock versus actual or required circadian rhythm / clock - i.e. an automatic drug disperser device can alert and recommend and / or dispense via tablet draw or dispensation means the recommended (i.e. with option of online oversight or authorisation using appropriate regulatory, medical and or health insurance approval means; -see also figures Figure 96; Figure 97; Hub of Present invention - (ENVIRONMENTAL SENSING COMMUNITY SHARING MAP-LINKED APPLICATION) - wearable system for automated prognostic and / or diagnostic method or device subject-wearable system monitoring environmental information This invention disclosure describes a number of methods, apparatus, systems and computer applications / programs or products applicable to an environmental and health sensing and alert usercommunity information sharing application incorporating associated mapping and map-routing information links. The present invention enables a mobile communication device (i.e. wireless mobile phone “user device”) or the first device to deploy a location application, receiving an indication and authorisation to commence sharing a plurality of location system (i.e. GPS tracking) and other relevant information from the first device, along with the transmission of such information in a format which is compatible and usable by one or more other devices incorporating an application and operator interface capability whereby one or more instances (i.e. community sharing application) of the application can indicate the location, travel routes, and “other relevant information” of the first device. Whereby the said “other relevant information” can include monitored health information, sensed environmental information (interfaced / associated with or monitored by the first device) or other reports or user-entry / selected information or independent information reports or data dealing with any of or any combination of 1) “travel conditions and potential hazards or risk levels”, 2) 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 “Environmental monitored / sensed information”, 3) “Respiratory conditions and potential hazards or risk levels” as further detailed below. The present invention enables environmental sensing information monitored via a plurality of mobile device-users to be shared so that a collective or collaborative map (i.e. a community of authorised users or application ambassadors) can share / exchange information relating to monitored or multiple user-reported “travel conditions and potential hazards or risk levels”, “Environmental monitored / sensed information”, and / or “Respiratory conditions and potential hazards or risk levels” including risks to the general population and also more vulnerable population groups such as infants and asthmatics (present invention includes means of data-mining, sorting an filtering data of subject-specific health concerns and relevance). An automated prognostic and / or diagnostic method or subject-wearable system (such as but not limited to watch, wristband, chest-band, headband, forehead sensor etc., earbuds) and further comprising of means of sensing signal(s), acquisitioning data, monitoring, storing, analysing, one or more electrophysiological (EEG) signals. Said method or system further incorporates information data-networking (i.e. means including but not limited to LAN, WAN, IP, WWW etc.) or information telecommunication capabilities (i.e. means can be wireless mobile devices, other interconnectivity compatible wearable or companion devices, other wearable devices, wireless transmission, NAS, cloud-computing services, etc.). Whereby said environmental monitoring can include any of or any combination of: Environmental sensing (with alarm or alert or indicator or interface to mobile device associated or messaging, email, phone automated voice message and other information or communication systems), weather elements, wind, humidity, temperature ionisation monitoring, ionisation smoke alarm, methane monitoring, toxic gas monitoring, toxic chemical monitoring, C02 gas monitoring, methane gas monitoring and / or thermometer, air pollution measures, air smoke measures., airparticles measures; radiation measures, Whereby said “ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH SENSING AND ALERT SHARING APPLICATION” includes a means of sharing information with other people with compatible application; Whereby said ““ENVIRONMENTAL SENSING SHARING APPLICATION” can include peer to peer data sharing, data transfer, linkage to other system with compatible application loaded in terms of a mapping or navigation application indicating any of or any combination of: 1) “travel conditions and potential hazards or risk levels”, 2) “Environmental monitored / sensed information”, 3) “ Respiratory conditions and potential hazards or risk levels” including smog, smoke, pollution and other breathing risks to the general population including more vulnerable population groups such as infants and asthmatics. Where “travel conditions and potential hazards” or risk levels include (but are not limited to) information from various agencies or sources or subject-monitored or community-monitored environments of a defined or authorised community of mobile or wireless mobile devices and associated users, whereby “travel conditions and potential hazards” monitoring includes any of or any combination of: - Police alerts and safety warnings or alerts - Department of trade warnings or concerns - War zones and travel risk regions (including flight paths etc.) - Flight path of proposed flight versus risk zones Where “environmental monitored / sensed information” or risk levels include (but are not limited to) information from various agencies or sources or subject-monitored or community-monitored environments of a defined or authorised community of mobile or wireless mobile devices and associated users, whereby “environmental monitored / sensed information” monitoring includes any of or any combination of: - Temperature - Humidity - Wind conditions - Rain conditions - Storm and other weather elements Where “travel conditions and potential hazards” or risk levels include (but are not limited to) information from various agencies or sources or subject-monitored or community-monitored environments of a defined or authorised community of mobile or wireless mobile devices and associated users, whereby “travel conditions and potential hazards” monitoring includes any of or any combination of: - Visibility road conditions - Rod slippage conditions - Road ice conditions - Fog conditions - Bike travel conditions - Jogging or running track conditions Where “Respiratory conditions and potential hazards or risk levels” or risk levels include (but are not limited to) information from various agencies or sources or subject-monitored or community-monitored environments of a defined or authorised community of mobile or wireless mobile devices and associated users, whereby “Respiratory conditions and potential hazards or risk levels” monitoring includes any of or any combination of: - Allergies - Smog - Smoke - Pollution - Air particle concentration - breathing risks - Asthma risk Where “Health Conditions and potential hazards or risk levels” or risk levels include (but are not limited to) information from various agencies or sources or subject-monitored or community-monitored environments of a defined or authorised community of mobile or wireless mobile devices and associated users, whereby “Health Conditions and potential hazards or risk levels” monitoring includes any of or any combination of: - Disease or virus alerts - Flu warnings - Other validated or authorised health reports or warnings Embodiment™ healthy map routing or travel planning for cyclist, jogger or activity, comprising map-linked views with validated or authorised community user sensed or with               io     reports» In one example embodiment of the present invention is for airlines or other travel organisations to provide validation upon request of flight or travel paths so that passengers can have this cross-checked against risk factors such as updated information feeds relating to war zones etc. and present excessive risk or safe travel validation to passengers (otherwise “kept in the dark” information access wise). Similarly airline safety status and risks can be fed into safety travel model to enable individual a determining and control of their proposed travel plans. Embodiment™ healthy map routing or travel planning for tmvellers, comprising map-linked views with relevant, validated and authorised community usewhealth, environmental monitored data, along with associated up to data reports; The present invention further enables a navigational mapping or direction routing application (i.e. road, car, train, air etc.) to take into account the or environmental Moreover, the monitored and sensed data of the said “user-device” can be shared with a number of authorised other “user-devices” and visa-versa. In this manner a so that can be transmitted , and the location data including a plurality of locations of the first device, and transmitting the location data in a form usable to enable a user interface of a second instance of a location application executing on a second device to indicate the path travelled by the first device. Detailed Description of ths Figures Figure 75eLifeCHEST Figure 76eLifeCHEST: eLifeWRIST; Somfit;eLifeWATCH. Figure yZELifeCHEST with professional-level user interface option (including changeover watch module option) Figure ISeLifeWATCH smart health watch system. Figure 19 Cloud-computing services or other network application services integrate with smartwatch and monitoring devices in order to provide or augment processing requirements. Figure 20 Somfit / eLifeWRIST / eLifeBANGE / Somfit. Figure 22 oximeter 7-day battery charge wireless probe. Figure 23 Universal wireless, battery powered bipolar eLifeEXG sytems. Figure 24 Leg, EMG or other bipolar electrophysiological electrode bands. Figure 25 SomFIT forehead (headband / forehead strip) consumer-format electrophysiological sensor array designed to enable monitoring of EEG, EMG, EOG, and any other sleep or neurological parameters or processes with a single electrode array (Somfit). Figure 26 SleepFit Wristband with novel SomniLink® & Real Sleep measures. AS outlined in this figure the present invention enables any combination of monitored or information related sleep homeostatic sleep / wake and / or circadian and / or fitness or activity measures, drowsiness / fatigue and / or vigilance / attention measures, in the context of pre-defined display modes covering actual performance, targets or goals versus actual measures etc. Figure 27 Embodiment example of present inventions based on top level diagrammatic overview and acronyms presented in this document. Figure 28 Patient wearable device and companion management system (HMS) platform overview flow diagram The eLifeMEDICS (professional medical or scientific diagnostic or prognostic services) and eHealthMEDICS (consumer level monitoring and environmental sensing with information access applicable to a unique health management system approach) comprises of and number of device and methods inventions deployed across a platform structured to incorporate the following attributes: service functions / 7] (i.e. SAAS;cloud-computing services), applications [31, monitoring devices [41, analysis functions [51. monitoring functions [61 and system resources [71, as further outlined here. Figure 29 External Noise Sensing and Cancellation System . SERVICE FUNCTIONS [1] [1] CLOUDeLife;; eLifeKIT; eLifeCART; eLifeNEXUS [2] Automatic dynamic sleep parameter data exchange with wearable indicator device, enabling any of or any combination of combined sleep and fitness and / or health quality tracking APPLICATIONS [3] 2026204730   18 Jun 2026 eLifeROUTE; eLifeTHINGS;; eLifeOPT; eLifeCAPA; eLifeWAKE; eLifeCHECK; eLifeTRACK; eLifeATLAS; HealthBook360; eLifeME; eLifeGYM; MONITORING DEVICES [4] eLifeWRIST; eLifeARRAY; eLifeWATCH / HST; Somfit eLifeWATCH; eLifePULSE eLifeBAND / ARM [4] FIG DESCRIPTION Single device able to be forehead attached or wrist attached with sleep (i.e. EEG, EOG, EMG etc.), fitness or health parameters, including any or any combination of the following: Mamtenag, Determisahim aiw Ti'^cumg of Ssrap, Waite sue ouier M ratal States, L vents of - The present invention further deploys one or more said “subject worn system(s)” with device attributes as presented in this document incorporating one or more integrated (embedded or attached) sensors capable of sensing and monitoring one or more environmental parameters or physiological parameters, along with the determination, prediction, onset or incident of “events / measures / states” or health conditions of interest, where said inventions further comprise any of or any combination of analysis or monitoring capabilities including any of or any combination of "sleep parameters" and / or "neurology parameters", incorporating means of automatic online determination of consciousness or psychological states or associated events / markers including any of or any combination of events or conditions detailed under following headings (as further detailed elsewhere in this patent application document) including under sub-headings: Whereby the present invention comprises sensmg, momtormg, data”acqu§muon, signal processing, analysis, storage, and information access Including ths soil ne automatic characterisation of a subject / mdlvldual’s physiological, neurological, nervous system, movement system, muscular system, psychological, pathological, states, events of interest and / or health conditions including any of or any combination of the following: Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Characteristics; Sleep Disorder Classifications; Select Sleep disorders Dreaming States; Dissociated States; Hypnosis States, Whereby the present invention comprises sensing, monitoring, data-acqulshton, signal processing, analysis, storage, and information access Including the online automatic characterisation of a subject / individuai’s physiological, neurological, nervous system, movement system, muscular system, psychological, pathological, states, events of interest and / or health conditions including any of or anv combination of the following:: Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Characteristics, Sleep Disorder Classifications, Select Sleep disorders, Dreaming States, Dissociated States, Hypnosis States, SCORING STAGE WAKE (Wakefulness), SCORING STAGE N1, SCORING STAGE N2, SCORING STAGE N3, SCORING STAGE R, (any of or any combination of these states or conditions and associated detail below are part of the “events of interest:” or “health conditions of interest” referred to throughout this document), as further outlined here : Whereby The present invention enables in terms of monitoring; sensing, monitoring, data-acquisition, signal processing, analysis, storage, information, and access includes ths online automatic characterisation of a subject / individuai’s physiological, neurological, nervous system, movement system, muscular system, psychological, pathological, states, events of interest and / or health conditions including any of or any combinations of analysis or events or conditions of interest or further objects of the present invention detailed elsewhere this patent application. ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS [5] The present invention incorporates on-board (i.e. within wireless mobile device or wearable monitoring or sensing system) along with automatic adjunct (i.e. network application services, cloudcomputing services, peer to peer supplementary networked processing power, LAN, WAN, internet or other access to augmented online or off-line (i.e. data-mining)) diagnostic or prognostic interconnected processing capabilities, whereby events of interest or conditions of interest outlined in this document outlined in this patent application document can be enabled along with 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 personalised health management information reports providing access to subject / patient or other authorised or nominated (i.e. opt-in) organisations or individuals. In a basic embodiment an individual can wear a wrist band or watch device incorporating a means of measuring and / or indicating any of or any combination of a subject / pati ent’s: - Monitored sleep variables or derived measures; - Monitored fitness variables or derived measures; - Monitored health variables or derived measures; -whereby said means of “Monitored sleep variables or derived measures” can comprise any of or any combination of monitoring one or more sleep parameters vi embedded or attached sensors or via wireless connected companions sensors, for example; -whereby said means of “Monitored fitness variables or derived measures” can comprise of one or more axis accelerometer sensor and associated analysis; -whereby said means of “Monitored health variables or derived measures" can comprise of measuring ECG from one device such as a wearable watch or wrist band and then incorporating the send pair of the ECG sensing signal to be formed by way of the user touching any electrode conductive region of the second device, or in another example embodiment by way of extracting surface ECG signals from a single wrist band or other wearable device containing a pair of electrodes in contact with the subject / patient’s skin and then utilising any combination of combination filtering, signal pattern and signal dynamic (i.e. non-linear dynamic) analysis techniques to extract ECG signal components from the subject / patient’s skin surface. In another embodiment of the present invention where ECG signals are not discernible from background signals or noise an automatic substitution technique enabling a hierarchical analysis process whereby any number of pulse or heart rate signal sources are scanned in order to determine at any time the post reliable signal source in order to compute at least pulse rate, but heart rate variability when suitable signals quality exists, and more comprehensive ECG cardiac waveform analysis when ECG signals are available or discernible). Alternatively ECG signal monitoring can be derived from a companion device such as chest band or wireless electrodes appropriately placed on the subject’s body. -whereby some example of events or conditions of interest monitored, analysed and indicated by system include any of or any combination of including measures such as gaols (i.e. target or normal functional range), sleep debt, sleep efficiency, sleep architecture, REM sleep, deep-sleep, wake after sleep onset with option of combining such measures, analysis and / or indications with fitness measures and goals (steps, movement, mapped pathways, etc.) and / or the onset or incidence of health events or clusters of events (i.e. idiopathic RBD, Parkinson’s, Epilepsy, seizures, Alzheimer’s, Autism and other neurological, nervous system, and muscular or sleep disorders) of interest Monitoring, Determination, and detection of onset and incidence of fitness, health, and / or associated events or clusters of events. -whereby any of or combination of combination sleep, and / or fitness and / or health monitored and / or analysed events or health conditions of interest can be any of or any combination further detailed in this patent document. MONITORING FUNCTIONS [6] >sensor attachment (ISA) incorporating concertina expansion system (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778)1015. >External Noise Sensing and Cancellation System (RFM 255 WO 2011 / 017778) Figure 29 >Pressure sensitive electrode activation (PSEA) (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778). >lntegrated Plethysmography Waveform (IRPO) System (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778). >Online Automatic Signal Quality Estimation System (SQE) system (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778). >Online Automatic Redundant Electrode Substitution (RES) System >Online Automatic Identification and Channel Characterisation (AICC) System (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778). >Online Automatic Dynamically Linked Signal Conditioning (DLSC) System (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778). 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 >Online Automatic Dynamically Linked Analysis Conditioning (DLAC) System (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778). >Online sleep progress & predictive analysis (present invention) >WEB services sleep, fitness and / or health tracking (via watch; iphone; PC; iPAD; patient worn bracelet, patient worn necklace, patient work etc.) Online sleep progress & predictive analysis (present invention) >Online eLife internet of things (eLifelOT) sleep progress & predictive analysis (present invention) >Online sleep progress & predictive analysis (present invention) >dynamic online therapeutic control system with biofeedback Additionally, the present invention can include any combination of the following systems described in external documents ((WO 2011 / 017778, RFM: 14255) or elsewhere in this application - Monitoring System CanMnliilss • Automatic mode determination (AMD) system (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778); • Dynamically adaptive high-dependence connectivity management (HDCM) System (Provisional Application submitted Australian Government IP Australia 6Mch14); • eHealthNAS capabilities (Provisional Application submitted Australian Government IP Australia 6Mch14); • and eHealthAtlas capabilities (Provisional Application submitted Australian Government IP Australia 6Mch14); • Adaptive Physiological-Body Network (APM) & NAS Gateway (Present Invention); • Online Automatic Operator Complexity Level (OCL) system (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778); • Integrated sensor attachment (ISA) incorporating concertina expansion system (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778) (see FIGURES); • External Noise Sensing and Cancellation System (RFM 255 WO 2011 / 017778) (see FIGURES); • Pressure sensitive electrode activation (PSEA) (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778) (see FIGURES); • Integrated Plethysmography Waveform (IRPO) System (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778); • Online Automatic Signal Quality Estimation System (SQE) system (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778); • Online Automatic Redundant Electrode Substitution (RES) System; • Online Automatic Identification and Channel Characterisation (AICC) System (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778); • Online Automatic Dynamically Linked Signal Conditioning (DLSC) System (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778); • Online Automatic Dynamically Linked Analysis Conditioning (DLAC) System (RFM 14255 WO 2011 / 017778); • Multipoint time-synchronisation monitoring (MTM) (Present Invention); • Adaptive physiological-body monitoring (APM) system (Present Invention [6] Expanded details. The present invention comprises of online sleep progress & predictive analysis (present invention) : i.e. a method incorporating means of online sleep progress review whereby deepsleep (body recovery), REM-sleep (brain restoration); sleep quality, breathing disorders (i.e. snoring, apnoea, hypopnoea, sleep disturbances, sleep arousals can all be viewed in real-time in terms of causation or performance. The present invention further comprises of automatic online diagnosis and prognosis of said “causation” providing immediate and on a time-contextual basis. For example, accessible information dealing with sleep state or progress can relate current sleep state or time in the context 2026204730 s 18 Jun 2026 of normal measures for time of information access so that quality of sleep or sleep architecture (i.e. progressive deep and REM sleep performance indices (amount of REM sleep or deep sleep based on sleep time elapsed versus typical or high-quality (can be accessed via sleep survey performance assessments (such as Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)) or diagnostic assessments sleep sessions for a subject). i.e. automatic and personalised (calibrated to an individual sleep requirements at any time and stage (i.e. elapsed sleep architecture versus optimal sleep architecture for that person at a certain time can provide a guide as to the REM sleep progress (i.e. accounts for brain recovery and memory consolidation) or deep-sleep (i.e. stage 3 and 4 sleep can project body recovery for an individual based on the actual versus nominal deep-sleep at any point during a subject / patient’s sleep when the subject / patient chooses to access such information or when an associated and authorised health-worker or carer accesses such information ) sleep architecture stage in the subject / patient’s life (i.e. sleep requirements change with age, medication, sleep deprivations, health status, stress etc.). The present invention provides the capability to assess the progress of an individual’s sleep progress in the context of sleep-cycles or stages, sleep architecture, an individual’s normal or typical sleep patterns, the normative population (i.e. via a data base normalised for factors such as age, sex, BMI etc.). Moreover the present invention incorporates a means (i.e. based on sleep period to time and based on a continued pattern or sleep or sleep disruptions versus normal sleep and normal disruptions an estimate of the resulting sleep architecture or sleep disturbance, RERA, AHI, RDI, SDI, sleep efficiency, WASO, and other indices can be projected and this information made available to user along with recommended or hints of countermeasures (including sleep specialist or GP intervention) to circumvent ongoing sleep deterioration or associated adverse health sequelae. Other sleep contextual examples of the present invention include determination of the severity of any physiological measures (cardiology function, ECG, HRV, respiratory disorders, neurological disorders, blood-pressure etc.) in the context of current time or elapsed sleep period versus normal values for the specific stage or cycle of sleep a subject / patient is in or elapsed- sleep time. For example, blood pressure changes typically have different meaning or ramifications in terms for alarming outcomes or functional performance subject to sleep stage (i.e. REM bloodpressure variation etc.) and similarly the stage of sleep and the time period elapsed can all be factored into the accessible information reporting to a user / subject or associated health-worker. The relevant sleep-health progress based on the present invention’s sleep stage and sleep time and even sleep-patient-historical information (i.e. diagnostic reports; cardiac, respiratory, neurological and other safe functional ranges or limits and thresholds warranting intervention or notification / reporting) context. Another example relates to shift workers, travellers or sufferers of circadian disorders relating to irregular sleeping patterns, for example. In these cases the present invention can track sleep regularity for an individual and determine information measures of sleep progress or sleep period outcomes in the context of regularity or disordered sleep patterns and hence factor in likely circadian sleep cycle impacts or sleep debt due to circadian driven sleep propensity, for example. Further examples of an embodiment of the present invention, in terms of factoring time, elapsed sleep period or sleep stage in the context of performance outcomes include taking into account other time contextual factors such as sleep architecture, sleep-disruptions, cardiac activity (i.e. ratio or high and low frequency ECG power as a measure of autonomic activity or dysfunction based on sleep cycle and normative data comparisons) or sleep disruptions, sleep fragmentation information etc. The present invention enables information access to sleep disruption or sleep disorder events of interest at any time during or post sleep monitoring- i.e. in one embodiment of the present invention a simple touch, gesture or tap / shake-motion gesture could enable selection of current or recent sleep disruptions issues along with likely causes and countermeasures (i.e. sound recording and recall associated...

Claims

2026204730   18 Jun 20261. A wearable apparatus for monitoring physiological parameters of an individual during sleep, the apparatus comprising:(a) a head-applied sensor assembly configured to be worn on the head of an individual, the sensor assembly comprising:(i) at least one electroencephalography (EEG) sensor;(ii) at least one electrooculography (EOG) sensor;(iii) at least one electromyography (EMG) sensor; and(iv) at least one photoplethysmography (PPG) oximetry sensor; and(b) an electronics module operatively coupled to the head-applied sensor assembly and configured to acquire signals from the EEG, EOG, EMG, and PPG oximetry sensors during a common monitoring period.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the PPG oximetry sensor comprises a reflective photoplethysmography sensor comprising at least one light-emitting element and at least one lightdetecting element, the reflective PPG oximetry sensor being embedded within or attached to the same physical substrate as the EEG, EOG, and EMG sensors of the head-applied sensor assembly, such that the light-emitting and light-detecting elements are in optical communication with the skin of the head of the individual.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the head-applied sensor assembly comprises a flexible selfadhesive sensor strip incorporating: (a) a plurality of self-gelled electrophysiological electrode contact pads embedded in the sensor strip for providing the EEG, EOG, and EMG sensors, the electrode contact pads being exposed for skin contact upon removal of a protective backing layer; and (b) an optical aperture in the sensor strip through which the light-emitting and light-detecting elements of the reflective PPG oximetry sensor protrude or communicate with the skin when the electronics module is engaged with the sensor strip.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the plurality of electrophysiological electrode contact pads comprises two or more gel electrode contact pads, and wherein the EEG, EOG, and EMG signals are derived from voltage differences measured between pairs of said electrode contact pads, such that the same set of electrode contact pads concurrently provides EEG monitoring, EOG monitoring, and EMG monitoring signals to the electronics module.2026204730   18 Jun 20265. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the electronics module comprises a raised protrusion containing the light-emitting and light-detecting elements of the reflective PPG oximetry sensor, the raised protrusion being dimensioned and positioned to pass through the optical aperture of the self-adhesive sensor strip when the electronics module is engaged with the sensor strip, thereby achieving direct skin contact of the light-emitting and light-detecting elements with the head of the individual for reflective photoplethysmography oximetry.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electronics module is detachable and re-attachable, configured to be interchangeably engaged with: (a) the head-applied sensor assembly during a sleep monitoring period; and (b) one or more secondary wearable devices comprising any of a wristband, wrist bangle, or smartwatch device during a waking activity monitoring period; whereby a single electronics module enables continuous physiological monitoring through physical interchange between the head-applied sensor assembly and the one or more secondary wearable devices.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electronics module further comprises a processor configured to determine, from signals acquired from the EEG, EOG, EMG, and PPG oximetry sensors during the common monitoring period, in virtual real-time, any one or more or any combination of:(a) sleep stages comprising any of Wake, N1, N2, N3, and REM stages;(b) overall sleep quality;(c) sleep disturbance;(d) respiratory effort related arousal (RERA);(e) therapeutic event related arousal (TERA);(f) sleep state change;(g) respiratory disturbance index (RDI);(h) apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI); and (i) central sleep apnoea (CSA) events.

8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the reflective PPG oximetry sensor is configured to derive from the acquired PPG signals any one or more of: arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2); pulse transit time (PTT); pulse wave amplitude (PWA); pulse arterial tone (PAT); pulse rate; and pulse-wave oscillatory amplitude autonomic markers of obstructive apnoea; and wherein the processor is configured to use the2026204730   18 Jun 2026derived PPG parameters in correlation with the acquired EEG, EOG, and EMG signals to discriminate between obstructive and central respiratory events.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to discriminate between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and central sleep apnoea (CSA) events using signals from the head-applied sensor assembly alone, by correlating: (a) EMG-derived respiratory effort signals; (b) PPG-derived pulse-wave oscillatory amplitude autonomic markers; and (c) EEG-derived arousal indices; whereby the presence or absence of respiratory effort during detected apnoeic events is used to classify each event as obstructive, central, or mixed, without supplementary thoracic, abdominal, or nasal sensors.

10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to determine any one or more of the following sleep architecture measures: sleep efficiency (SE); wake after sleep onset (WASO); sleep onset latency; REM sleep latency; REM sleep duration; N3 slow wave sleep duration; arousal index; RERA index; TERA index; sleep debt; sleep hypnogram; sleep disturbance index; and sleep quality index; and wherein said measures are computed continuously throughout the common monitoring period.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to derive a forehead venous pressure (FVP) measure from the EMG signal as a surrogate for respiratory inductive plethysmography breathing effort, enabling respiratory effort monitoring from the head-applied sensor assembly alone without supplementary thoracic or abdominal sensor belts.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electronics module incorporates a spectral compensation module configured to apply one or more of: spectral transfer functions; phase correction functions; and signal amplitude compensation algorithms; to the acquired EEG signals, so as to compensate for neural source attenuation attributable to the head electrode placement and derive sleep staging parameters substantially equivalent to those obtainable from a conventional multi-electrode polysomnography electrode placement.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electronics module further comprises a wireless communication module configured to communicate determined sleep and respiratory parameters to any one or more of: a wrist-worn device; a smartwatch; a smartphone; a tablet computer; a network-2026204730   18 Jun 2026connected gateway; and a cloud-based remote monitoring platform; in virtual real-time during the common monitoring period.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a wireless biofeedback interface configured to interoperate with an Internet of Medical Devices (IOMD) network and form a closed-loop biofeedback system with one or more positive airway pressure therapy devices comprising any of CPAP, APAP, BiPAP, NIPPV, or eCPAP; wherein the biofeedback interface transmits control signals derived from determined sleep stages and respiratory events to automatically adjust therapy pressure delivery so as to simultaneously maximise sleep quality and minimise respiratory events including TERA and RERA.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a signal quality monitoring subsystem configured to: (a) monitor signal quality and electrode-to-skin impedance of each EEG, EOG, EMG, and PPG oximetry channel during the common monitoring period; (b) generate signal quality indicators for each channel; and (c) buffer acquired physiological data during periods of wireless transmission loss, with data synchronisation and replication upon restoration of connectivity.

16. A method for monitoring physiological parameters of an individual during sleep, the method comprising:(a) applying a head-applied sensor assembly to the head of an individual during sleep, the sensor assembly comprising EEG, EOG, EMG, and PPG oximetry sensors;(b) acquiring, by an electronics module operatively coupled to the sensor assembly, signals from the EEG, EOG, EMG, and PPG oximetry sensors during a common monitoring period; and(c) determining from the acquired signals, in virtual real-time, any one or more of sleep quality, sleep stages, sleep disturbance, respiratory events, RERA, TERA, RDI, AHI, and CSA.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein acquiring PPG oximetry signals comprises emitting light from at least one light-emitting element embedded in or attached to the head-applied sensor assembly and detecting reflected light at at least one light-detecting element co-located within the head-applied sensor assembly, to perform reflective photoplethysmography oximetry directly from the head skin of the individual.2026204730   18 Jun 202618. The method of claim 16, further comprising performing automatic epoch-based sleep stage scoring to determine any one or more of Stage W (Wakefulness), Stage N1, Stage N2, Stage N3, and Stage R (REM sleep), in accordance with AASM guidelines, using the EEG, EOG, and EMG signals acquired from the head-applied sensor assembly during the common monitoring period.

19. The method of claim 16, further comprising discriminating between obstructive and central sleep apnoea events using signals acquired from the head-applied sensor assembly alone, by correlating EMG-derived respiratory effort, PPG-derived pulse-wave oscillatory amplitude and pulse arterial tone characteristics, and EEG-derived arousal indices, without supplementary thoracic, abdominal, or nasal sensors.

20. The method of claim 16, further comprising: establishing a personalised physiological baseline for the individual from prior monitoring session data; adaptively adjusting detection thresholds for RERA, TERA, RDI, AHI, and sleep disturbance based on the personalised baseline; and comparing current sleep and respiratory parameters against both the personalised baseline and normative population reference values.

21. A system for monitoring and managing sleep health and respiratory function of an individual, the system comprising:(a) the wearable apparatus of claim 1;(b) at least one positive airway pressure therapy device wirelessly linked to the wearable apparatus and configured to receive biofeedback control signals therefrom;(c) an Internet of Medical Devices (IOMD) network mediating wireless communication between the wearable apparatus and the positive airway pressure therapy device; and(d) a cloud-based remote monitoring and reporting platform configured to receive sleep study and oximetry data from the wearable apparatus and generate clinical sleep study reports.

22. The system of claim 21, further comprising a secondary wearable device wirelessly linked to the wearable apparatus and configured to display in virtual real-time any one or more of: sleep quality; sleep stage; respiratory events; RERA index; TERA index; RDI; AHI; SpO2; and PAP therapy parameters derived from the head-applied sensor assembly.2026204730   18 Jun 202623. The system of claim 21, wherein the positive airway pressure therapy device comprises a non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) system or a cardiac-programmed servo-controlled ventilator, and wherein the system is further configured to automatically transfer any of: relevant study data; patient information; therapy settings; detection thresholds; normal operating conditions; and automatic alarm conditions related to heart rate, oxygen saturation, CO2 levels, and respiratory waveform measures, to the NIPPV system via the IOMD network.

24. The system of claim 21, wherein the wearable apparatus further comprises an artificial intelligence or expert system module configured to: simultaneously optimise sleep quality and respiratory function during PAP therapy in real-time; determine optimal PAP therapy pressure dynamics based on determined sleep stages and respiratory events; and minimise or eliminate TERA, RERA, apnoea, hypopnoea, and therapy-evoked sleep disruption while maximising sleep architecture quality and continuity.

25. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor of a wearable apparatus worn on the head of an individual during sleep, cause the processor to: acquire signals from EEG, EOG, EMG, and PPG oximetry sensors of a head-applied sensor assembly during a common monitoring period; determine sleep stages and respiratory events in virtual real-time from the acquired signals, using the PPG oximetry signals acquired by a reflective PPG oximetry sensor co-located with the EEG, EOG, and EMG sensors in the head-applied sensor assembly to detect and classify any one or more of apnoea, hypopnoea, RERA, TERA, RDI, AHI, and CSA; and transmit the determined parameters wirelessly to a secondary device or remote monitoring platform.

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