Information processing devices and terminals, base stations, communication systems, and information processing and communication methods.

Abstract

This information processing device includes a control unit. The control unit adds a delay to a signal to be transmitted to a first terminal device and / or application device according to a difference between first and second RAN delay characteristics and / or a difference between first and second NW delay characteristics. The first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic of a section including a first (R)AN in a first communication path including the first terminal device, the first (R)AN, a first CN, and the application device. The second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic of a section including at least a second (R)AN in a second communication path including a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN, and the application device. The first NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic of a section including at least a part of a path resulting from excluding the first (R)AN from the first communication path. The second NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic of a section including at least a part of a path resulting from excluding the second (R)AN from the second communication path.

Description

102 Information processing devices and terminals, base stations, communication systems, and information processing and communication methods. DESCRIPTION Area

[001] The present disclosure relates to an information processing device, a base station, a communication system, an information processing method and a communication program. Background

[002] In recent years, a technology called time-sensitive networking (TSN) has attracted attention. TSN is a network that assigns importance to a time frame from when a packet is transmitted to when the packet is received. In recent years, the application of TSN to a 5G network has been studied.

[003] For example, a technology to support the implementation of a TSN by providing delay information from a UE or similar to a network is known. List of Citations Patent Literature

[004] Patent Literature 1: JP 2022-519604 A Abstract Technical Problem

[005] For example, an application that simultaneously provides services to a plurality of terminal devices, such as a network game that uses TSN, can be considered. As described above, in a case where services are simultaneously provided to a plurality of terminal devices, there is a problem that delay times will be different between the plurality of terminal devices. Consequently, it is necessary Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 10 / 144 / 102 equalize the delay time between a plurality of terminal devices.

[006] Therefore, the present disclosure provides a mechanism capable of more reliably equalizing delay times across a plurality of terminal devices.

[007] Note that the problem above is merely one among a plurality of problems or objects that can be solved or achieved by the plurality of modalities disclosed in this description. Solution to the Problem

[008] An information processing device according to the present disclosure includes a control unit. The control unit adds an additional delay to a transmission signal to be transmitted to a first terminal device and / or an application device according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic. The first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (radio) access network ((R)AN) in a first communication path that includes the first terminal device, the first (R)AN (radio access network), a first CN (main network), and the application device.The second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN, and the application device. The first NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path. The second NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second NW section. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 11 / 144 / 102 which includes at least part of a route that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication route. Brief Description of the Drawings

[009] Figure 1 is a diagram that illustrates a sketch of a TSN.

[0010] Figure 2 is a diagram that illustrates an example of applying TSN to a 5G network.

[0011] Figure 3 is a diagram that illustrates an example of the application of TSN to the 5G network.

[0012] Figure 4 is a diagram to describe an outline of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 5 is a diagram that illustrates an example of a communication system configuration according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a management device configuration according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station configuration according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a terminal device configuration according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a network management device configuration according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication device configuration according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 12 / 144 / 102

[0019] Figure 11 is a diagram that illustrates an example of a 5G network configuration.

[0020] Figure 12 is a diagram that illustrates an example of a cellular network configuration.

[0021] Figure 13 is a diagram that illustrates an example of Private / 4G usage.

[0022] Figure 14 is a diagram that describes an example of delay adjustment by the application device.

[0023] Figure 15 is a diagram that illustrates an example of a lag distribution.

[0024] Figure 16 is a diagram to describe an example of a communication path according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 17 is a diagram to describe an example of a common section and a difference section according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 18 is a diagram to describe an example of the common section and the difference section according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 19 is a diagram to describe the measurement of a delay characteristic by an information processing device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 20 is a diagram to describe an example of delay addition processing by the application device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 21 is a diagram to describe an example of delay addition according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 22 is a diagram to describe another example of Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 13 / 144 / 102 addition of delay according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 23 is a sequence diagram to describe an example of a delay addition instruction processing flow according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 24 is a diagram to describe an example of delay addition by the information processing device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 25 is a sequence diagram to describe another example of the delay addition instruction processing flow according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 26 is a sequence diagram to describe another example of the delay addition instruction processing flow according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 27 is a diagram to describe an example of cooperative control by an application device.

[0036] Figure 28 is a diagram to describe an example of cooperative control by an application device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 29 is a sequence diagram to describe an example of a cooperative control processing flow according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. Description of the Modalities

[0038] Hereafter, the embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is noted that, in the present description and in the drawings, components with substantially the same configurations are indicated with the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

[0039] Additionally, in the present description and drawings, similar components of different modalities can be distinguished by the addition Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 14 / 144 / 102 of different alphabets or numbers after the same reference numerals. However, when it is not particularly necessary to distinguish each of the similar components, only the same reference numeral is assigned.

[0040] One or more modalities (including examples, modifications and applications) described below may each be implemented independently. On the other hand, at least part of the plurality of modalities described below may be appropriately combined with at least part of other modalities. This plurality of modalities may include innovative features different from each other. Therefore, this plurality of modalities may contribute to the solution of different objects or problems and may show different effects. <<1. Sketch>> <1-1. TSN Network Overview>

[0041] In recent years, a technology called time-sensitive networking (TSN) has attracted attention.

[0042] TSN is a network that emphasizes the time from when a packet is transmitted to when the packet is received. In order to emphasize time, it is important not only that the packet arrives quickly, but also that the packet arrives at a presumed time. That is, TSN can be defined as a network with low latency and small latency variation (jitter).

[0043] Note that TSN can be defined as a network designed to implement the following functions (1) to (4). TSN is standardized by IEEE 802.1.

[0044] (1) Low latency (low delay) (2) Deterministic (less jitter) (3) Reliable (fewer failures) (4) High bandwidth (large capacity)

[0045] Figure 1 is a diagram that illustrates a sketch of a TSN. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 15 / 144 / 102 In TSN, a packet transmitted from a Speaker is transmitted to a Listener through a plurality of bridges (hereinafter also called a TSN bridge).

[0046] Each of the Speaker and Listener is a device or an application to be a communication endpoint, respectively. For example, Speaker and Listener can be a server or a terminal device, or they can be application functions included in those devices. Furthermore, the TSN bridge is a network laid out between the Speaker and the Listener.

[0047] In order to implement the TSN function, a centralized user configuration (CUC) and a centralized network configuration (CNC) are arranged in the TSN.

[0048] The CUC is an entity that pulls requirements and configurations from the endpoint and transmits them to the CNC. The CNC is an entity that issues various instructions to implement the TSN functions on the TSN bridge. <1-2. Application of TSN to the 5G network>

[0049] In recent years, the application of TSN to a 5G network has been studied. For example, in version 17 of 3GPP (registered trademark), it was studied how to apply TSN to a 5G network (3GPP TS23.501). Figures 2 and 3 are diagrams illustrating an example of TSN application to a 5G network. In the example in Figure 2, one of a plurality of TSN bridges is the 5G network. In the example in Figure 3, one of a TSN bridge and an endpoint is the 5G network. Note that the example of TSN application to a 5G network is not limited to the examples illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. For example, a plurality of TSN bridges can be a 5G network or both endpoints can be a 5G network. <1-3. Outline of problems and solutions of the present modality>

[0050] For example, services such as a network game and a metaverse can be provided using a 5G network to which TSN is applied. For example, the metaverse is a type of virtual world built on a network of Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 16 / 144 / 102 communication, such as the internet. A large number of users from various locations can participate simultaneously in the metaverse. Each user participates in the metaverse, for example, using their own avatar.

[0051] One of the problems in the metaverse is the variation in delay when an avatar operated by a participating user from each location interacts with another avatar in the virtual world. For example, the physical distance (communication distance) from a global data center where the virtual space is built can be different for each user. The delay varies for each user according to the physical distance. For example, when the data center is in Osaka, the delay that occurs when a user in New York accesses the data center is greater than the delay that occurs when a user in Tokyo accesses the data center.

[0052] In order to guarantee equity among users, as a plurality of users communicate in the same virtual space, it is necessary to equalize the delay times of the plurality of users.

[0053] Conventionally, adjusting a user's delay time has been done in software by an application that provides a service. When the application adjusts the user's delay time, there is a problem of taking time to adjust the delay time, and the ability to sequence fluctuate in the delay time is reduced.

[0054] Consequently, in the present embodiment, a device (information processing device) other than the application function that provides the service performs delay adjustment between users. The information processing device performs delay adjustment according to a section delay characteristic obtained by dividing a communication path between a user and an application function into a plurality of sections.

[0055] Figure 4 is a diagram to describe a sketch of a communication system 1 according to an embodiment of the present Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 17 / 144 / 102 disclosure. The communication system 1 illustrated in Figure 4 includes terminal devices 301 and 302, a first access network (radio) ((R)AN), a first main network (CN), a second (R)AN, a second CN, a network (NetWork - NW), an information processing device 100 and an application device 200.

[0056] Application device 200 implements a function of an application function to provide a service to terminal device 301 via the first (R)AN and the first CN. Application device 200 implements a function of an application function to provide a service to terminal device 302 via the second (R)AN and the second CN. Terminal devices 301 and 302 are assumed to have different physical distances from application device 200.

[0057] The information processing device 100 adds a delay to the first data exchanged between the terminal device 301 and the application device 200. For example, the information processing device 100 adds a delay so that a first delay time between the terminal device 301 and the application device 200 and a second delay time between the terminal device 302 and the application device 200 are the same.

[0058] For example, the information processing device 100 adds a delay to a transmission signal (data) transmitted to the terminal device 301 (an example of a first terminal device) and / or the application device 200 according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic.

[0059] In this document, the first RAN delay feature is a delay feature in a first (R)AN section that includes at least Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 18 / 144 / 102 less the first (R)AN in a first communication path that includes terminal device 301, the first CN, the first (R)AN and application device 200.

[0060] The second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least the second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes terminal device 302 (an example of the second terminal device), the second CN, the second (R)AN, and application device 200.

[0061] The first NW delay feature is a delay feature in a first NW section that includes at least a portion of the first communication path that excludes the first (R)AN. The second NW delay feature is a delay feature in a second NW section that includes at least a portion of the second communication path that excludes the second (R)AN.

[0062] As described above, the first communication path between terminal device 301 and application device 200 is divided into the first RAN section which includes at least the first (R)AN and the first NW section which includes at least a portion of the path that excludes the first (R)AN. Additionally, the second communication path between terminal device 302 and application device 200 is divided into the second RAN section which includes at least the second (R)AN and the second NW section which includes at least a portion of the path that excludes the second (R)AN.

[0063] The information processing device 100 adds a delay to the first data according to the first difference between the first RAN delay characteristic in the first section of (R)AN and the second RAN delay characteristic in the second section of (R)AN. Alternatively, the information processing device 100 adds a delay to the first data according to the second difference between the Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 19 / 144 / 102 first NW delay characteristic in the first NW section and the second NW delay characteristic in the second NW section.

[0064] In this way, the information processing device 100 adds a delay to the first data according to the difference in the delay characteristic for each section obtained by dividing the communication path into a plurality of sections for each terminal device 30. Thus, the information processing device 100 can more reliably equalize variations in the delay of the plurality of terminal devices 30.

[0065] Note that, in this document, two terminal devices 30 are included in communication system 1, but the number of terminal devices 30 included in communication system 1 may be three or more. Furthermore, in this document, the communication path is divided into two sections, but the communication path may be divided into three or more sections. For example, the first communication path may be divided into a first RAN section and a plurality of first NW sections.

[0066] In this case, application device 200 determines a delay to be added according to a delay difference in the corresponding section. For example, assume that the first communication path is divided into the first RAN section, the first NW section connected to the first RAN section, and a third NW section between the first NW section and application device 200. Furthermore, assume that the second communication path is divided into the second RAN section, the second NW section connected to the second RAN section, and a fourth NW section between the second NW section and application device 200. In this case, application device 200 determines a delay to be added according to at least one of a delay difference between the first RAN section and the second RAN section, a delay difference between the first NW section and the second NW section, or a Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 20 / 144 / 102 difference in delay between the third section of NW and the fourth section of NW. <<2. Communication system configuration»

[0067] Although the outline of the present embodiment has been described above, before the present embodiment is described in detail, a configuration of the communication system 1 that includes an information processing device of the present embodiment will be described. Note that the communication system 1 may be renamed an information processing system. <2-1. Global configuration of the communication system>

[0068] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of communication system 1 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. Communication system 1 is a system that functions as a TSN. Communication system 1 includes a bridge TB, a communication device 50, and a network management device 40.

[0069] The devices that constitute communication system 1 are connected through an N-network. Although only one N-network is illustrated in the example in Figure 5, there may be a plurality of N-networks.

[0070] In this document, the N network is, for example, a public network, such as the internet. Note that the N network is not limited to the internet and can be, for example, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a cellular network, a fixed telephone network, or a regional internet protocol (IP) network.

[0071] The N network can include a wired network or a wireless network.

[0072] Bridge TB is a TSN bridge, and at least one of the TB bridges is a cellular wireless network (hereinafter also referred to as a cellular network), such as 4G or 5G. In the example in Figure 5, at least bridge TB1 is a cellular network.

[0073] On bridge TB1 there are a management device 10, a base station 20 and a terminal device 30. The plurality of Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 21 / 144 / 102 TB bridges are connected to network management device 40 via the N network.

[0074] The wireless network in this embodiment includes, for example, a radio access network and a main network.

[0075] Note that, in the present embodiment, the wireless communication device is a device that has a wireless communication function and corresponds to base station 20 and terminal device 30 in the example in Figure 5.

[0076] Communication system 1 may include a plurality of management devices 10, a plurality of base stations 20, a plurality of terminal devices 30, a plurality of network management devices 40, and a plurality of communication devices 50. In the example in Figure 5, communication system 1 includes management devices 101 and 102 and similar devices such as management device 10. Communication system 1 includes base stations 201 and 202 as base stations 20. Communication system 1 includes terminal devices 301 and 302 as terminal devices 30. Communication system 1 includes network management devices 401 and 402 as network management devices 40. Communication system 1 includes communication devices 501 and 502 as communication devices 50.

[0077] Note that the devices in the drawings can be considered as devices in the logical sense. That is, some of the devices in the drawings can be implemented by a virtual machine (VM), container, docker or similar, and they can also be physically implemented on the same hardware.

[0078] Note that the wireless network that functions as the TB bridge can support a radio access technology (RAT), such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) or New Radio (NR). LTE and NR are a type of technology. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 22 / 144 / 102 of cellular communication and allow mobile communication of a terminal device 30 by providing a plurality of areas covered by a base station 20 in a cellular format.

[0079] Note that the radio access method used by communication system 1 is not limited to LTE and NR, and may be another radio access method, such as broadband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) or code division multiple access 2000 (cdma 2000).

[0080] Furthermore, the base station 20 (including a relay station) that constitutes the wireless network can be a terrestrial station or a non-terrestrial station. The non-terrestrial station can be a satellite station or an aircraft station. If the non-terrestrial station is a satellite station, the wireless network that functions as the TB bridge can be a folded (transparent) tube type mobile satellite communication system.

[0081] Note that, in the present embodiment, the ground station (also described as a ground base station) refers to a base station 20 (a relay station) installed on the ground. In the present document, “ground” is terrain in a broad sense, including not only land, but also underground, in water and underwater. Note that, in the following description, the description of “ground station” may be replaced by “gateway”.

[0082] Note that an LTE base station 20 may be called an evolved node B (eNodeB) or eNB. Additionally, an NR base station 20 may be called a gNodeB or a gNB. Furthermore, in LTE and NR, a terminal device 30 (also described as a mobile station or a terminal) may be called user equipment (UE). Note that the terminal device 30 is a type of communication device and is also called a mobile station or a terminal.

[0083] In the present embodiment, the concept of the communication device includes not only a portable mobile device (device Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 23 / 144 / 102 terminal 30), as a mobile terminal, but also a device installed in a structure or a mobile object. The structure or the mobile object itself can be considered the communication device. Furthermore, the concept of the communication device includes not only a terminal device, but also a base station and a relay station. The communication device is a type of processing device and an information processing device. Moreover, the communication device can be renamed a transmission device or a reception device.

[0084] Hereafter, a configuration of each device that constitutes communication system 1 will be described specifically. Note that the configuration of each device described below is only an example. The configuration of each device may differ from the configuration described below. <2-2. Management device configuration»

[0085] Next, a configuration of management device 10 will be described.

[0086] Management device 10 is an information processing device (computer) that manages a wireless network. For example, management device 10 is an information processing device that manages the communication of base station 20. For example, management device 10 functions like information processing device 100 described above.

[0087] Alternatively, management device 10 may have a function such as, for example, a mobility management entity (MME). Management device 10 may have a function such as an access and mobility management (AMF) function and / or a session management function (SMF).

[0088] Naturally, the functions of the management device 10 Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 24 / 144 / 102, are not limited to MME, AMF, and SMF. Management device 10 may be a device that has a function such as a Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF), an Authentication Server Function (AUSF), a Policy Control Function (PCF), or a Unified Data Management (UDM).

[0089] Management device 10 may be a device that has a function such as a home subscriber server (HSS). Management device 10 has a function (CUC or CNC) of network management device 40 and may function as network management device 40.

[0090] Note that management device 10 may have a gateway function. For example, management device 10 may have a function as a service gateway (S-GW) or a packet data network gateway (P-GW). In addition, management device 10 may have a user plane function (UPF) function. At this time, management device 10 may have a plurality of UPFs.

[0091] The main network can include a plurality of network functions. Each network function can be aggregated on a physical device or can be distributed to a plurality of physical devices. That is, the management device 10 can be arranged in a distributed manner across a plurality of devices. Furthermore, this distributed arrangement can be controlled to run dynamically.

[0092] Management device 10 and base station 20 form a network and provide a wireless communication service to terminal device 30. Management device 10 is connected to the internet, and terminal device 30 can use various services provided via the internet through base station 20.

[0093] Note that management device 10 is not Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 25 / 144 / 102 necessarily a device that constitutes the core network. For example, it is assumed that the core network is a broadband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) or code division multiple access 2000 (cdma 2000) network. At this point, management device 10 can be a device that functions as a radio network controller (RNC).

[0094] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the management device 10 configuration according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. The management device 10 includes a communication unit 11, a storage unit 12, and a control unit 13. Note that the configuration illustrated in Figure 6 is a functional configuration, and the hardware configuration may differ from the functional configuration.

[0095] Furthermore, the functions of management device 10 can be distributed and implemented statistically or dynamically in a plurality of physically separate configurations. For example, management device 10 can include a plurality of server devices.

[0096] Communication unit 11 is a communication interface for communication with other devices. Communication unit 11 can be a network interface or a device connection interface. For example, communication unit 11 can be a local area network (LAN) interface, such as a network interface card (NIC), or it can be a USB interface that includes a Universal Serial Bus (USB) host controller, a USB port, and the like.

[0097] Communication unit 11 can be a wired interface or a wireless interface. Communication unit 11 functions as a means of communication for management device 10. Communication unit 11 communicates with base station 20 and similar devices under Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 26 / 144 / 102 control of control unit 13.

[0098] Storage unit 12 is a readable / writable data storage device, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), flash memory, or a hard disk. Storage unit 12 functions as the storage medium for management device 10.

[0099] Control unit 13 is a controller that controls each unit of the management device 10. Control unit 13 is implemented by, for example, a processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessing unit (MPU), or a graphics processing unit (GPU).

[00100] For example, control unit 13 is implemented by the processor that executes various programs stored on a storage device within the management device 10 using random access memory (RAM) or similar as a desktop. Note that control unit 13 can be implemented by an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Any of the CPU, MPU, GPU, ASIC, and FPGA can be considered a controller. <2-3. Base Station Configuration>

[00101] Next, a configuration of base station 20 will be described. Base station 20 can be called a base station (BS).

[00102] Base station 20 is a wireless communication device that performs wireless communication with terminal device 30. Base station 20 can be configured to communicate wirelessly with terminal device 30 via a relay station, or it can be configured to communicate directly wirelessly with the Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 27 / 144 / 102 terminal device 30.

[00103] Base station 20 is a type of communication device. More specifically, base station 20 is a device that corresponds to a radio base station (base station, B node, eNB, gNB, or similar) or a wireless access point. Base station 20 can be a wireless relay station. Additionally, base station 20 can be an optical extension device called a remote radio head (RRH) or radio unit (RU). Furthermore, base station 20 can be a receiving station, such as a field collection unit (FPU). Additionally, base station 20 can be an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) donor node or an IAB relay node that provides a wireless access line and a radio backhaul line via time-division multiplexing, frequency-division multiplexing, or space-division multiplexing.

[00104] Note that the radio access technology used by base station 20 may be a cellular communication technology or a wireless LAN technology. Naturally, the radio access technology used by base station 20 is not limited to the same and may be another wireless access technology. For example, the radio access technology used by base station 20 may be a low-power wide-area communication (LPWA) technology. Naturally, the wireless communication used by base station 20 may be wireless communication using millimeter waves. Furthermore, the wireless communication used by base station 20 may be wireless communication using radio waves or wireless (radio-optical) communication using infrared rays or visible light. Additionally, base station 20 may be capable of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication with terminal device 30.Here, NOMA communication is communication using a non-orthogonal resource (transmission, reception, or both). Note that base station 20 may be able to perform NOMA communication with another base station 20. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 28 / 144 / 102

[00105] Note that base stations 20 may be able to communicate with each other via an interface between a base station and a main network (e.g., NG interface, S1 interface, or similar). This interface may be wired or wireless. In addition, base stations may be able to communicate with each other via an interface between base stations (e.g., Xn interface, X2 interface, S1 interface, F1 interface, and similar). This interface may be wired or wireless.

[00106] Note that the concept of a base station includes not only a donor base station, but also a relay base station (also called a relay station). For example, the relay base station can be any RF repeater, smart repeater, or smart surface. Additionally, the concept of a base station includes not only a structure that has a base station function, but also a device installed on the structure.

[00107] The structure is, for example, a building, such as a skyscraper, a house, a steel tower, a station facility, an airport facility, a port facility, an office building, a school building, a hospital, a factory, a commercial facility, or a stadium. Note that the concept of a structure includes not only a building, but also a construction (unbuilt structure), such as a tunnel, a bridge, a dam, a wall or an iron pillar, and equipment, such as a crane, a gate, or a windmill. Additionally, the concept of a structure includes not only a structure on land (in the ground in a restricted sense) or underground, but also a structure in water, such as a platform or a megafloat, and a structure underwater, such as a marine observation facility. The base station can be rebranded as an information processing device.

[00108] Base station 20 can be a donor station or a relay station (relay station). Additionally, base station 20 can be a Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 29 / 144 / 102 fixed station or a mobile station. A mobile station is a wireless communication device configured to be mobile. At this time, base station 20 can be a device installed on a mobile object or it can itself be a mobile object. For example, a relay station with mobility can be considered as base station 20 as a mobile station. Additionally, a device that is originally capable of moving, such as a vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) typified by a drone, or a smartphone, and has a base station function (at least a part of the base station function) also corresponds to base station 20 as a mobile station.

[00109] In this case, a moving object can be a smartphone or a mobile phone. Furthermore, a moving object can be a moving object (e.g., a vehicle such as a car, a bicycle, a bus, a truck, a motorcycle, a train, or a straight-line motor vehicle) that moves on land (on the ground in a restricted sense) or a moving object (e.g., the subway) that moves underground (e.g., in a tunnel). Additionally, a moving object can be a moving object (e.g., a ship such as a passenger ship, a cargo ship, or a hovercraft) that moves on water or a moving object (e.g., a submersible vessel such as a submersible, a submarine, and an unmanned submersible) that moves underwater. Note that a moving object can also be a moving object (e.g., an aircraft such as an airplane, an aerostat, or a drone) that moves in the atmosphere.

[00110] In addition, base station 20 can be a ground base station (ground station) installed on the ground. For example, base station 20 can be a base station located on a structure on the ground, or it can be a base station installed on a mobile object that moves on the ground. More specifically, base station 20 can be an antenna installed on a structure, such as a building, and a signal processing device. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 30 / 144 / 102 connected to the antenna. Naturally, base station 20 can itself be a structure or a mobile object. “Ground” is terrain in a broad sense, including not only land (soil in the narrow sense), but also underground, in water and underwater. Note that base station 20 is not limited to a ground base station. For example, in a case where communication system 1 is a satellite communication system, base station 20 can be an aircraft station. From the perspective of a satellite station, an aircraft station located on land is a ground station.

[00111] Note that base station 20 is not limited to a ground station. Base station 20 can be a non-ground base station (non-terrestrial station) capable of floating in the air or in space. For example, base station 20 can be an aircraft station or a satellite station.

[00112] A satellite station is a satellite station capable of floating outside the atmosphere. The satellite station can be a device mounted on a mobile space object, such as an artificial satellite, or it can itself be a mobile object in space. A mobile object in space is a mobile object that moves outside the atmosphere. Examples of mobile objects in space include artificial celestial bodies such as artificial satellites, spacecraft, space stations, and probes. Note that the satellite being the satellite station can be any of the following: a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite, a medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite, a geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite, or a high elliptical orbit (HEO) satellite. Naturally, the satellite station can be a device mounted on the low Earth orbit satellite, the medium Earth orbit satellite, the geostationary Earth orbit satellite, or the high elliptical orbit satellite.

[00113] An aircraft station is a wireless communication device capable of floating in the atmosphere, like an aircraft. The aircraft station may be a device mounted on an aircraft or similar, or it may... Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 31 / 144 / 102, being itself an aircraft. It is noted that the concept of an aircraft includes not only heavy aircraft, such as an airplane and a glider, but also light aircraft, such as a balloon and an airship. Additionally, the concept of an aircraft includes not only a heavy aircraft and a light aircraft, but also a rotary-wing aircraft, such as a helicopter and a gyroplane. It is noted that the aircraft station (alternatively, an aircraft on which an aircraft station is mounted) can be an unmanned aerial vehicle, such as a drone.

[00114] Note that the concept of unmanned aerial vehicles also includes unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and tethered UAS. Additionally, the concept of unmanned aerial vehicles also includes lighter-than-air UAS (LTA) and heavier-than-air UAS (HTA). Other concepts of unmanned aerial vehicles also include high-altitude UAS platforms (HAPs).

[00115] The coverage size of base station 20 can be as large as a macro cell or as small as a picocell. Naturally, the coverage size of base station 20 can be as extremely small as a femtocell. In addition, base station 20 can have beamforming capability. In that case, at base station 20, a cell or service area can be formed for each beam.

[00116] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of base station 20 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. Base station 20 includes a wireless communication unit 21, a storage unit 22, and a control unit 23. Note that the configuration illustrated in Figure 7 is a functional configuration, and the hardware configuration may differ from the functional configuration. Furthermore, the functions of base station 20 may be implemented in a distributed manner across a plurality of physically separate configurations.

[00117] Wireless communication unit 21 is a unit of Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 32 / 144 / 102 signal processing for wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., terminal device 30). Wireless communication unit 21 operates under the control of control unit 23. Wireless communication unit 21 is adapted to one or a plurality of radio access methods. For example, wireless communication unit 21 supports both NR and LTE. Wireless communication unit 21 may be compatible with W-CDMA or cdma 2000, in addition to NR or LTE. Furthermore, wireless communication unit 21 may support an automatic retransmission technology, such as hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ).

[00118] The wireless communication unit 21 includes a transmission processing unit 211, a reception processing unit 212, and an antenna 213. The wireless communication unit 21 may include a plurality of transmission processing units 211, a plurality of reception processing units 212, and a plurality of antennas 213. Note that, in the case where the wireless communication unit 21 supports a plurality of wireless access methods, each unit of the wireless communication unit 21 may be individually configured for each wireless access method. For example, the transmission processing unit 211 and the reception processing unit 212 may be individually configured according to LTE and NR. Furthermore, the antenna 213 may include a plurality of antenna elements (e.g., a plurality of stretch antennas).In this case, the wireless communication unit 21 can be configured to be capable of beamforming. The wireless communication unit 21 can be configured to be capable of performing polarization beamforming using vertically polarized waves (V-polarized waves) and horizontally polarized waves (H-polarized waves).

[00119] Transmission processing unit 211 performs a Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 33 / 144 / 102 process of transmitting downlink control information and downlink data. For example, transmission processing unit 211 encodes the downlink control information and downlink data entered by control unit 23 using an encoding method, such as block encoding, convolutional encoding, turbo encoding, or similar. In this case, the encoding can be performed by polar code encoding or low-density parity-check code encoding (LDPC code). Then, transmission processing unit 211 modulates the encoded bits by a predetermined modulation method, such as BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM, or 256 QAM. In this case, the signal points in a constellation do not necessarily need to be equidistant. The constellation may be a non-uniform constellation (NUC).Next, transmission processing unit 211 multiplexes the modulation symbol of each channel and a downlink reference signal and organizes the multiplexed symbols into a predetermined feature element. Then, transmission processing unit 211 performs various types of signal processing on a multiplexed signal. For example, transmission processing unit 211 performs processing such as conversion to a frequency domain by fast Fourier transform, addition of a guard interval (cyclic prefix), generation of a baseband digital signal, conversion to an analog signal, quadrature modulation, upconversion, removal of an extra frequency component, and power amplification. The signal generated by transmission processing unit 211 is transmitted from antenna 213.

[00120] The reception processing unit 212 processes the uplink signal received by antenna 213. For example, reception processing unit 212 performs downconversion on the uplink signal, removing a frequency component. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 34 / 144 / 102 unnecessary, control of an amplification level, quadrature demodulation, conversion to a digital signal, removal of a guard interval (cyclic prefix), extraction of a frequency domain signal by fast Fourier transform and the like. Then, the receiving processing unit 212 demultiplexes an uplink channel, such as a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and an uplink reference signal from the signals subjected to these processes. Additionally, the reception processing unit 212 demodulates the reception signal using a modulation method, such as binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) or quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) with respect to an uplink channel modulation symbol.The modulation method used for demodulation can be 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 64-QAM, or 256-QAM. In this case, the signal points in a constellation do not necessarily need to be equidistant. The constellation can be a non-uniform constellation (NUC). Then, the receiving processing unit 212 performs the decoding processing on the demodulated encoded bits of the uplink channel. The decoded uplink data and uplink control information are sent to the control unit 23.

[00121] Antenna 213 is an antenna device (antenna unit) that mutually converts a current and a radio wave. Antenna 213 may include one antenna element (e.g., a stretch antenna) or may include a plurality of antenna elements (e.g., a plurality of stretch antennas). In the case where antenna 213 includes a plurality of antenna elements, wireless communication unit 21 may be configured to be capable of beamforming. For example, wireless communication unit 21 may be configured to generate a beam Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 35 / 144 / 102 directional when controlling the directivity of a wireless signal using a plurality of antenna elements. Note that antenna 213 can be a bipolar antenna. In a case where antenna 213 is a bipolar antenna, wireless communication unit 21 can use vertically polarized waves (V-polarized waves) and horizontally polarized waves (H-polarized waves) when transmitting wireless signals. Then, wireless communication unit 21 can control the directivity of the transmitted wireless signal using both vertically polarized and horizontally polarized waves. Furthermore, wireless communication unit 21 can transmit and receive spatially multiplexed signals through a plurality of layers that includes a plurality of antenna elements.

[00122] Storage unit 22 is a storage medium capable of reading and writing data, such as DRAM, SRAM, flash memory, or a hard disk. Storage unit 22 functions as the storage medium for base station 20.

[00123] Control unit 23 is a controller that controls each unit of base station 20. Control unit 23 is implemented, for example, by a processor, such as a CPU or an MPU. For example, control unit 23 is implemented by the processor that executes various programs stored on a storage device within base station 20 using RAM or similar as a desktop. Note that control unit 23 can be implemented by an integrated circuit, such as an ASIC or an FPGA. Any of the CPU, MPU, ASIC, and FPGA can be considered a controller. In addition, control unit 23 can be implemented by a GPU, in addition to or instead of the CPU. Note that the operation of control unit 23 can be the same as the operation of each block of control unit 13 of management device 10. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 36 / 144 / 102

[00124] In the present embodiment, the concept of a base station may include a collection of multiple physical or logical devices. For example, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, base station 20 may be distinguished into a plurality of devices, such as a baseband unit (BBU) and a radio unit (RU), and may be interpreted as an aggregate of the plurality of devices. Additionally or alternatively, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, base station 20 may be one or both of a BBU and an RU. BBU and RU may be connected by a predetermined interface (e.g., an eCPRI or O-RAN interface). Additionally or alternatively, the RU may be called a remote radio unit (RRU) or radio point (RD). Additionally or alternatively, the RU may correspond to a gNB-DU described below. Additionally or alternatively, the BBU may correspond to a gNB-CU described below. Alternatively, the RU may be connected to a gNB-DU described below.Additionally, the BBU may correspond to a combination of the gNB-CU and gNB-DU described below. Alternatively, the RU may be a device integrally formed with the antenna. An antenna (e.g., the antenna integrally formed with the RU) included in base station 20 may adopt an Advanced Antenna System and support MIMO (e.g., FDMIMO) or beamforming. In the Advanced Antenna System, an antenna (e.g., an antenna integrally formed with an RU) included in base station 20 may include, for example, 64 transmit antenna ports and 64 receive antenna ports.

[00125] In addition, a plurality of base 20 stations can be connected to each other. One or more base 20 stations can be included in a radio access network (RAN). That is, the base 20 station can simply be called a RAN, a RAN node, an access network (AN), or an AN node. The RAN in LTE is called a Universal Enhanced Terrestrial RAN (EUTRAN). The RAN in W is called NGRAN. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 37 / 144 / 102 CDMA (UMTS) is called an UTRAN. An LTE 20 base station is called an evolved node B (eNodeB) or eNB. That is, the EUTRAN includes one or more eNodeBs (eNBs). Furthermore, the NR base station 20 is called a gNodeB or a gNB. That is, the NGRAN includes one or more gNBs. Additionally, the EUTRAN may include a gNB (en-gNB) connected to a core network (EPC) in an LTE communications system (EPS). Similarly, the NGRAN may include an ng-eNB connected to a 5GC core network in a 5G communications system (5GS). Additionally or alternatively, when the base station 20 is an eNB, a gNB, or similar, it may be called a 3GPP access. Alternatively, when base station 20 is a wireless access point (e.g., a WiFi access point (registered trademark)), it may be referred to as non-3GPP access. Alternatively, base station 20 may be an optical extension device called a remote radio head (RRH).Alternatively, if base station 20 is a gNB, base station 20 can be referred to as a combination of the gNB CU (central unit) and gNB DU (distributed unit), or either one. The gNB CU hosts a plurality of upper layers (e.g., RRC, SDAP, and PDCP) in an access layer for communication with the UE. Conversely, gNB-DU hosts a plurality of lower layers (e.g., RLC, MAC, and PHY) in the access layer. That is, among the messages and information described below, RRC signaling (e.g., multiple SIBs including MIB and SIB1, an RRCSetup message, and an RRCReconfiguration message) can be generated by the gNB CU, while a DCI and multiple physical channels (e.g., a PDCCH and a PBCH) described below can be generated by the gNB-DU.Alternatively, in RRC signaling, for example, some settings (configuration information) such as IE: cellGroupConfig can be generated by gNB-DU and the remaining settings can be generated by gNB-CU. These... Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 38 / 144 / 102 configurations (configuration information) can be transmitted and received through an F1 interface to be described below. Note that base station 20 can be configured to be able to communicate with another base station 20. For example, in the case of a plurality of base stations 20 being eNBs or a combination of an eNB and an en-gNB, the base stations 20 can be connected by an X2 interface. Additionally or alternatively, when a plurality of base stations 20 are gNBs or a combination of a gn-eNB and a gNB, the devices can be connected by an Xn interface. Additionally or alternatively, in the case where a plurality of base stations 20 is a combination of a gNB CU (central unit) and a gNB DU (distributed unit), the devices can be connected by the F1 interface described above.A message / information (RRC signaling or DCI information, physical channel) to be described below can be communicated (for example, via the X2, Xn or F1 interface) between a plurality of base stations 20.

[00126] Additionally, as described above, base station 20 can be configured to manage a plurality of cells. A cell provided by base station 20 is called a service cell (or cells). The service cell includes a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary cell (SCell). In the case where dual connectivity (e.g., EUTRA-EUTRA dual connectivity, EUTRA-NR dual connectivity (ENDC), EUTRA-NR dual connectivity with 5GC, NR-EUTRA dual connectivity (NEDC), and NR-NR dual connectivity) is provided to the UE (e.g., terminal device 30), the PCell and zero or one or more SCells provided by a MN (master node) are called a master cell group. Additionally, the service cell may include a PSCell (primary secondary cell or primary SCG cell). That is, when dual connectivity is provided to the UE, the PSCell provided by the SN (secondary node) and zero or one or more SCells may be called an SCG. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 39 / 144 / 102 (secondary cell group). Unless specially configured (e.g., PUCCH in an SCell), the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) is transmitted to the PCell and PSCell, but not to the SCell. Additionally, a radio link fault is also detected in the PCell and PSCell, but is not detected (does not need to be detected) in the SCell. As described above, since PCell and PSCell have a special function in the service cell (or cells), they are also called special cells (SpCells). A downlink component carrier and an uplink component carrier may be associated with a cell. Furthermore, a system bandwidth corresponding to a cell may be divided into a plurality of bandwidth parts.In this case, one or a plurality of bandwidth shares (BWPs) can be configured for the UE, and one bandwidth share can be used for the UE as an active BWP. Furthermore, radio features (e.g., a frequency band, a numerology (subcarrier spacing), and a window format (window configuration)) that can be used by terminal device 30 can be different for each cell, each component carrier, or each BWP. <2-4. Terminal device configuration>

[00127] Next, a configuration of terminal device 30 will be described. Terminal device 30 may be referred to as user equipment (UE).

[00128] Terminal device 30 is a wireless communication device that communicates wirelessly with other communication devices, such as base station 20. Terminal device 30 is, for example, a mobile phone, a smart device (a smartphone or tablet computer), a personal digital assistant (PDA), or a personal computer. Additionally, terminal device 30 can be a Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 40 / 144 / 102, a device, such as a business camera equipped with a communication function, or it could be a motorcycle, a moving relay vehicle or similar on which a communication device, such as a field pickup unit (FPU), is mounted. Furthermore, terminal device 30 could be an industrial robot with a communication function. Additionally, terminal device 30 could be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device or an Internet of Things (IoT) device.

[00129] Note that terminal device 30 may be capable of performing NOMA communication with base station 20. Additionally, terminal device 30 may be capable of using an automatic relay technology, such as HARQ, when communicating with base station 20. Terminal device 30 may be capable of side-link communication with another terminal device 30. Terminal device 30 may be capable of using an automatic relay technology, such as HARQ, when performing side-link communication. Note that terminal device 30 may be capable of NOMA communication (side-link) with other terminal devices 30. Furthermore, terminal device 30 may be capable of performing LPWA communication with another communication device (e.g., base station 20 and another terminal device 30). Additionally, the wireless communication used by terminal device 30 may be wireless communication using millimeter waves.Note that the wireless communication (including side-link communication) used by terminal device 30 can be wireless communication that uses radio waves or wireless (optical wireless) communication that uses infrared rays or visible light.

[00130] Furthermore, terminal device 30 can be a mobile device. The mobile device is a wireless communication device. At this point, terminal device 30 can be a wireless communication device installed in a mobile object or it can itself be, Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 41 / 144 / 102 a mobile object. For example, terminal device 30 may be a vehicle moving on a road, such as a car, a bus, a truck or a motorcycle, a vehicle moving on a track installed on a track, such as a train, or a wireless communication device mounted on the vehicle. Note that the mobile object may be a mobile terminal, or it may be a mobile object moving on land (on the ground in a restricted sense), underground, in water or underwater. Furthermore, the mobile object may be a mobile object moving within the atmosphere, such as a drone or a helicopter, or it may be a mobile object moving outside the atmosphere, such as an artificial satellite.

[00131] Terminal device 30 can be connected simultaneously to a plurality of base stations or a plurality of cells to perform communication. For example, in a case where a base station supports a communication area through a plurality of cells (e.g., pCell and sCell), it is possible to package the plurality of cells and perform communication between base station 20 and terminal device 30 by a carrier aggregation (CA) technology, a dual connectivity (DC) technology, or a multiconnectivity (MC) technology. Alternatively, terminal device 30 and the plurality of base stations 20 can communicate with each other by a coordinated transmission and reception technology (coordinated multipoint transmission and reception (CoMP)) through cells of different base stations 20.

[00132] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of terminal device 30 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. Terminal device 30 includes a wireless communication unit 31, a storage unit 32, and a control unit 33. Note that the configuration illustrated in Figure 8 is a functional configuration, and the hardware configuration may differ from the functional configuration. Furthermore, the functions of terminal device 30 Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 42 / 144 / 102 can be implemented in a distributed manner across a plurality of physically separate configurations.

[00133] Wireless communication unit 31 is a signal processing unit for wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., base station 20 and other terminal device 30). Wireless communication unit 31 operates under the control of control unit 33. Wireless communication unit 31 includes a transmission processing unit 311, a reception processing unit 312, and an antenna 313. The configurations of wireless communication unit 31, transmission processing unit 311, reception processing unit 312, and antenna 313 may be similar to those of wireless communication unit 21, transmission processing unit 211, reception processing unit 212, and antenna 213 of base station 20. In addition, wireless communication unit 31 may be configured to be capable of beamforming, similarly to wireless communication unit 21.Furthermore, the wireless communication unit 31 can be configured to be able to transmit and receive spatially multiplexed signals, similarly to the wireless communication unit 21.

[00134] Storage unit 32 is a storage device capable of reading and writing data, such as DRAM, SRAM, flash memory, or a hard disk. Storage unit 32 functions as a storage medium for terminal device 30.

[00135] Control unit 33 is a controller that controls each unit of terminal device 30. Control unit 33 is implemented, for example, by a processor, such as a CPU or an MPU. For example, control unit 33 is implemented by a processor that executes various programs stored on a storage device within terminal device 30 using RAM or similar as a Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 43 / 144 / 102 workspace. Note that control unit 33 can be implemented by an integrated circuit, such as an ASIC or an FPGA. Any of the CPU, MPU, ASIC, and FPGA can be considered as a controller. Additionally, control unit 33 can be implemented by a GPU, in addition to or instead of the CPU. Note that the operation of control unit 33 can be the same as the operation of each block of control unit 13 of management device 10. <2-5. Network Management Device Configuration>

[00136] Next, a network configuration of management device 40 will be described.

[00137] Network management device 40 is an information processing device (computer) that has a function of managing (or controlling) the TSN network. For example, network management device 40 is an information processing device (computer) that functions as a centralized user configuration (CUC) or a centralized network configuration (CNC).

[00138] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a network management device 40 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. The network management device 40 includes a communication unit 41, a storage unit 42, and a control unit 43. Note that the configuration illustrated in Figure 9 is a functional configuration, and the hardware configuration may differ from the functional configuration. Furthermore, the functions of the network management device 40 may be distributed and implemented statistically or dynamically in a plurality of physically separate configurations. For example, the network management device 40 may include a plurality of server devices.

[00139] Communication unit 41 is a communication interface for communication with other devices. Communication unit 41 Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 44 / 144 / 102, can be a network interface or a device connection interface. For example, communication unit 41 can be a LAN interface, such as a NIC, or it can be a USB interface configured by a USB host controller, a USB port, or similar. Additionally, communication unit 41 can be a wired interface or a wireless interface. Communication unit 41 functions as a communication medium for network management device 40. Communication unit 41 communicates with management device 10 and similar devices under the control of control unit 43.

[00140] Storage unit 42 is a storage device capable of reading and writing data, such as DRAM, SRAM, flash memory, or a hard disk. Storage unit 42 functions as the storage medium for network management device 40.

[00141] Control unit 43 is a controller that controls each unit of the network management device 40. Control unit 43 is implemented, for example, by a processor, such as a CPU, an MPU, or a GPU. For example, control unit 43 is implemented by a processor that executes various programs stored on a storage device within the network management device 40 using RAM or similar as a desktop. Note that control unit 43 can be implemented by an integrated circuit, such as an ASIC or an FPGA. Any of the CPU, MPU, GPU, ASIC, and FPGA can be considered a controller. <2-6. Communication device configuration>

[00142] Next, a configuration of communication device 50 will be described.

[00143] Communication device 50 is a communication device that constitutes a TSN TB bridge. For example, the device Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 45 / 144 / 102. Communication device 50 may be a server that constitutes the TSN bridge TB or a communication device (e.g., management device 10, base station 20, or terminal device 30) that constitutes a wireless network. Furthermore, communication device 50 may be a communication device that acts as an endpoint (Speaker or Listener) of a TSN network. For example, communication device 50 may be terminal device 30 or a server that transmits data to a communication device that acts as an endpoint. Additionally, communication device 50 may be a device (e.g., CUC or CNC) that constitutes a TSN system. Communication device 50 may function as, for example, application device 200 described above.

[00144] Note that, in a case where communication device 50 is a server, communication device 50 may be an application server or a web server. Furthermore, communication device 50 may be a PC server, a mid-range server, or a mainframe server. Additionally, communication device 50 may be an information processing device that performs data processing (edge ​​processing) near a user or terminal. For example, communication device 50 may be an information processing device (computer) provided side-by-side or built into a base station. Naturally, communication device 50 may be an information processing device that performs cloud computing.

[00145] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of communication device 50 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. Communication device 50 includes a communication unit 11, a storage unit 12, and a control unit 13. Note that the configuration illustrated in Figure 10 is a functional configuration, and the hardware configuration may differ from that shown in Figure 10. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 46 / 144 / 102 functional configuration. Furthermore, the functions of communication device 50 can be implemented in a distributed manner across a plurality of physically separate configurations. For example, communication device 50 may include a plurality of information processing devices.

[00146] Communication unit 51 is a communication interface for communication with other devices. For example, communication unit 51 is a network interface. For example, communication unit 51 is a LAN interface, such as a NIC. Note that communication unit 51 can be a wired interface or a wireless interface. Communication unit 51 functions as a communication medium for communication device 50. Communication unit 51 communicates with other communication devices under the control of control unit 53.

[00147] Storage unit 52 is a storage device capable of reading and writing data, such as DRAM, SRAM, flash memory, or a hard disk. Storage unit 52 functions as a storage medium for communication device 50.

[00148] The control unit 53 is a controller that controls each unit of the communication device 50. The control unit 53 is implemented, for example, by a processor, such as a CPU or an MPU. For example, the control unit 53 is implemented by a processor that executes various programs stored in a storage device within the communication device 50 using RAM or similar as a workspace. Note that the control unit 53 can be implemented by an integrated circuit, such as an ASIC or an FPGA. Any of the CPU, MPU, ASIC, and FPGA can be considered a controller. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 47 / 144 / 102 < <3. Wireless network and TSN network>>

[00149] Although the configuration of communication system 1 has been described above, the wireless network and the TSN network will be described before the operation of communication system 1 is described in detail. < 3-1. Cellular network> < 3-1-1. Role of the cellular network and the main network>

[00150] Figures 11 and 12 are diagrams that illustrate an example of a cellular network configuration. Specifically, Figure 11 is a diagram that illustrates an example of a 5G network configuration. Figure 12 is a diagram that illustrates an example of a 4G network configuration.

[00151] The cellular network includes a radio access network (RAN) and a core network (CN). The RAN is a wireless system between the base station 20 and the terminal device 30. In wireless communication, modulation and demodulation techniques to enable communication are important. Furthermore, in wireless communication, how to allocate limited resources (time resources and / or frequency resources) to each terminal device 30 is important.

[00152] In RAN, a frame configuration is used as a timing resource. In RAN, a frame is configured with 10 ms. A frame includes 10 subframes. Each subframe is composed of a downlink OFDM symbol and an uplink OFDM symbol.

[00153] In RAN, a basic unit of a frequency band is called a component carrier. In RAN, a frequency band, such as 20 MHz, is treated as a unit, like a frequency resource. In RAN, a plurality of component carriers can be packaged and used.

[00154] The CN primarily performs permission and session management when terminal device 30 is connected to the network. In both 4G and 5G, the CN includes a control plane function and a function of Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 48 / 144 / 102 user plan.

[00155] The control plane function receives information from a data server called the household subscriber system (HSS) where the UE subscriber information is stored and determines whether or not the UE is authorized to connect to a network using UE subscription information and a key for encryption, and generates a key for encryption. That is, for the UE to connect to the cellular network, the UE information associated with a subscriber number of an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) on a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card in the UE needs to be stored in an HSS (UDM). The HSS may also be referred to as a unified data management system (UDM).

[00156] In order to attach the UE to the cellular system, in the case of 4G, the mobility management function (MME) played this role. In the case of 5G, the AMF or SMF plays this role. In a case where the UE is connected to a network and transmits and receives data, a CN user plane function is required. In the case of 4G, S-GW and P-GW play this role. In the case of 5G, the user plane function (UPF) plays this role. 4G P-GW and 5G UPF serve as a gateway to be a boundary between the CN and an external communication network (e.g., the internet). The CN may be located on the public internet. Consequently, a CN-U (user plane) corresponding to P-GW or UPF can be considered a gateway located at a boundary between the CN and a general application. <3-1-2. 5G / 4G private>

[00157] For example, in the case of TSN as described above, low latency and / or low jitter (small variation in latency) is required. As a system that implements such low latency, a system using private 5G / 4G is conceivable. In private 5G / 4G, the network can be customized specifically for the application. Consequently, there is a high Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 49 / 144 / 102 possibility of using private 5G / 4G when low latency and low jitter are implemented.

[00158] Currently, a local area network (LAN) is deployed in many offices and homes. The LAN includes a LAN cable, a router, and similar components. The communication device is connected to an Internet service provider (ISP) via the LAN. A private 5G (private 5G) or private 4G (private 4G) operates by placing the cellular base station 20 on the LAN. In 3GPP, private 5G / 4G is called a non-public network.

[00159] In private 5G / 4G, the base station 20 and the terminal device 30 are located, for example, in an office, a factory, a private home, or similar locations where a LAN is established. On the other hand, a main network (CN) that controls the base station 20 can be located on a LAN or in a cloud data center on the internet. The base station 20 and the CN receive a private IP address and can communicate with each other. For example, the base station 20 and the CN can communicate with each other using a private IP address by using a technology such as a virtual private network. Thus, the network connecting the base station 20 and the CN can be treated as a private network.

[00160] Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of private 5G / 4G usage. In the example in Figure 13, a plurality of CN user plane functions are deployed in the LAN and in the cloud, and the CN control plane function is deployed in the cloud. Furthermore, in the example in Figure 13, base station 20 and UE are deployed in a LAN area.

[00161] Private 5G / 4G is a non-public network. In private 5G / 4G, it is often assumed that the UE, base station 20, CN, and application are located within the virtual private network. In this case, for example, the UE and base station 20 may be located in a LAN area. Furthermore, the CN and application may be located in a LAN area or in a cloud on the internet. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 50 / 144 / 102 <3-2. TSN Network>

[00162] Although the wireless network has been described above, the TSN network will be described below. <3-2-1. Relationship between Industry 4.0 and TSN>

[00163] Industry 4.0 is a term that signifies the fourth industrial revolution and is a technology for implementing low-volume, high-mix production, in addition to conventional mass production. A smart factory is one of the use cases of Industry 4.0. The smart factory allows communication between any system in the factory, thus improving factory efficiency.

[00164] A digital twin is considered a core technology of Industry 4.0. With a digital twin, the system's status in the factory can be captured on the network side, and the captured status can be reflected back into the control of the actual equipment on the factory side. In recent years, digital twins have also been used in a use case to control entire cities. A digital twin can be defined as a subset of Industry 4.0.

[00165] A time-sensitive network (TSN) is exemplified as a core technology for the implementation of Industry 4.0. TSN is also used for the Industry 4.0 smart factory. TSN is also used for the Industry 4.0-derived digital twin.

[00166] Note that the Internet of Things (IoT) is used as a concept similar to Industry 4.0. In the present embodiment, IoT can be used as a concept similar to Industry 4.0 without particular distinction. <3-2-2. Metaverse>

[00167] As described above, as a use case in which many users interact in a common virtual space, there is a metaverse. It is necessary that the metaverse has a short delay with a plurality of users, so that they have the same and similar experience at the same time. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 51 / 144 / 102 As described above, the metaverse shares a common technical component with the TSN and the digital twin described above. The technology according to the present embodiment is also suitable for metaverses beyond the TSN and the digital twin. <3-2-3. TSN Network Overview>

[00168] A TSN is a network that prioritizes the time from when a packet is transmitted to when it is received. For example, one could say that a TSN is a network where time is treated in a restricted manner. In this context, treating time in a restricted manner means that delay is low and also implies that a packet arrives at a specific time. That is, a TSN must be a network with low delay and minimal delay variation (jitter). TSN was standardized by IEEE 802.1. That is, TSN was originally a technology for wired networks.

[00169] Note that the TSN network can be defined as a network intended to implement the following functions (1) to (4).

[00170] (1) Low latency (low delay) (2) Deterministic (less jitter) (3) Reliable (fewer failures) (4) High bandwidth (large capacity)

[00171] In order to implement the above function, the following means are prepared in the TSN. Time synchronization

[00172] Time synchronization means that applications are temporally synchronized. That is, the time of the application, on the receiving side, when it expects to receive the packet at that moment is the same as the time of the application on the transmitting side when it expects to deliver the packet at that moment. In TSN, a generalized precision time protocol (gPTP) is used to adjust a clock. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 52 / 144 / 102 Scheduled traffic

[00173] In TSN, a slot (time slot) where a packet can be transmitted is periodically prepared. The communication device preferentially transmits the packet over other packets in the time slot. In TSN, a plurality of queues is prepared. When a packet to be transmitted in the time slot arrives in the queue, the packet to be prioritized is transmitted first. Other packets are transmitted only when there are no packets to be preferentially transmitted in the time slot. Whether it should be transmitted in a periodic time slot is determined by an identifier (e.g., a priority code point of a VLAN tag in the Ethernet header) of a traffic type allocated to the packet. This identifier can be changed for each application. The priority control queue is prepared for each network, called a bridge.Therefore, when the packet passes through multiple bridges, the packet is delayed at a granularity of time intervals. Frame preemption

[00174] Frame preemption is interrupt priority control and refers to a mechanism in which a priority packet causes a non-priority packet to wait. That is, frame preemption is a control rule used for a plurality of queues. - Filtering and policing by flow

[00175] Filtering and stream policing are methods of filtering (also called shaping) each traffic (stream) so as not to exceed an allowed bandwidth. For example, in a case where the allowed traffic at 10 Mbps is 20 Mbps, the communication device stores the traffic once in the buffer and then transmits the traffic in 10 Mbps intervals. Thus, even if the traffic is suddenly 20 Mbps, the data is divided into 10 Mbps increments. Frame replication and elimination for reliability. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 53 / 144 / 102

[00176] Frame replication and elimination for reliability is a technology in which a packet is copied into a plurality of packets, the plurality of packets is then transmitted through a plurality of paths, and when the plurality of packets is received, the plurality of packets is returned to a single packet. Thus, reliability is improved due to redundancy in a section that uses a plurality of routes.

[00177] Above are the five main means for implementing the TSN. As entities for implementing these means, a centralized user configuration (CUC) and a centralized network configuration (CNC) are prepared in the TSN.

[00178] A CUC is an entity that absorbs requirements and configurations from a device or application to be an endpoint of the TSN network and transmits the requirements and configurations to the CNC. The CNC is an entity that provides an instruction for implementing five means for each bridge between endpoints. < 3-2-4. Illustrative use cases of TSN network>

[00179] As a typical use case for TSN, consider the control of industrial equipment in a factory. In this case, communication is required between the controller and the controller (C to C), and communication between an end device, such as an actuator, and the controller (C to D).

[00180] The traffic required for C to C and C to D in the factory can be periodic or aperiodic (sporadic). The cycle also varies depending on the traffic. Some have a cycle equal to or less than 1 ms, and some have a cycle of 10 ms to 50 ms. Some longer ones are, for example, for network control applications and have a period of 50 ms to 1 s. < 3-2-5. Function of the current 5G network in relation to the TSN network>

[00181] In 3GPP Release 17, it was considered how to apply TSN to 5G networks (3GPP TS23.501). At this point, the 5G network is defined as one of the bridges (hereinafter also called TSN bridge) defined in the TSN. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 54 / 144 / 102

[00182] For example, in a 5G network, each UE or UPF can be an input or output of TSN traffic. At the input and output, a function called a TSN translator (TT) is prepared to convert a TSN or similar configuration into a configuration within the 5G network. The TT includes a DS-TT located on the device side, just like the UE, and an NS-TT located on the network side, just like the UPF.

[00183] Frame replication and deletion for TSN reliability are implemented by copying and sending a plurality of packets between DS-TT and NS-TT. In this case, it is desirable that different carriers be used.

[00184] CNC configures a 5QI quality of service (QoS) on the 5G network according to a requirement condition, such as TSN delay. Thus, on the 5G network, communication with less delay and jitter required as TSN is implemented. Current 5G networks use these low-latency technologies to implement communication with less jitter required in TSN.

[00185] As described above, in the current 5G system, what can be accomplished in the existing 5G system is defined by the CNC on the TSN side instead of preparing a new function for the TSN, so that the 5G system implements the TSN function.

[00186] As part of the information configured on the 5G network by the CNC, there is Time-Sensitive Communication Assistance Information (TSC). This information concerns the traffic cycle, packet arrival time, and similar data, and is provided by the TSN. However, details on how the 5G system should control the packet based on this information have not been studied.

[00187] As described above, the 5G system needs to operate based on information provided by the TSN. On the other hand, the detailed mechanism is not fixed. Furthermore, when a new feature... Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 55 / 144 / 102 (technology) is added alongside the TSN, a response in accordance with the resource may be required on the 5G system side. <3-2-6. Delay of the communication section for each of the multiple users>

[00188] The delay between application device 200 and the UE varies depending on the location of each UE. Multiple UEs may each belong to different core networks. The region in which the UE is located varies worldwide, such as Asia, Europe, and the United States. There are varying delays between each UE located in various regions and application device 200, and the delay values ​​also vary.

[00189] There is a case where application device 200 wishes to unify the delay times of the plurality of UEs. For example, in a case of providing a gaming service, application device 200 may equalize delay times between UEs in order to avoid unfairness between UEs.

[00190] Figure 14 is a diagram that describes an example of delay adjustment by application device 200. Note that, in Figure 14, the description of some components of communication system 1 is omitted.

[00191] In Figure 14, application device 200 provides the game service to the first UE through the first CN and a first base station (BS). In addition, application device 200 provides the game service to the second UE through the second CN and a second BS.

[00192] For example, assume that the first UE is located closer to the application device 200 than the second UE. In this case, the first UE has a shorter delay time than the second UE. For example, assume that the delay time of the first UE is 30 ms and the delay time of the second UE is 100 ms.

[00193] If application device 200 provides the game service to the first and second UEs without adjusting the delay, and the second UE has a long delay time, it may be disadvantageous to the progress of Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 56 / 144 / 102 game. For example, in a case where the first EU and the second EU play a game in which the first EU and the second EU compete for a flag, if application device 200 does not adjust the delay, the first EU has an advantage and the second EU has a disadvantage.

[00194] Conventionally, in order to reduce this feeling of inequity, application device 200 performs delay adjustment between a plurality of UEs. For example, as described above, when the delay time of the first UE is 30 ms and the delay time of the second UE is 100 ms, application device 200 adds a delay of 70 ms to the transmission / reception data with the first UE, thus ensuring equity between the first and second UEs.

[00195] However, application device 200 defines this delay as semi-static (semi-static). Consequently, it has been difficult for application device 200 to equalize the variation in delay between the first and second UEs in consideration of the variation in delay that occurs instantaneously.

[00196] As described above, conventionally, the delay between the plurality of UEs is adjusted by the software of the application device 200. In addition to (or instead of) the delay adjustment performed by the software of the application device 200, the communication system 1 according to the present embodiment performs delay adjustment throughout the communication system 1 (network) to ensure fairness between a plurality of UEs. <3-2-7. Communication path>

[00197] In the present embodiment, communication system 1 divides the communication path into a plurality of sections and performs delay adjustment. In this case, the communication path is an end-to-end path between the UE and the application device 200. In the present embodiment, communication system 1 decomposes the communication path into a RAN section that includes at least (R)AN and a NW section that includes at least one Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 57 / 144 / 102 part of the communication path that excludes (R)AN. The NW section is, for example, a section that includes at least part of a main network and a network to which the application device 200 is connected, such as the internet.

[00198] For example, the NW section includes a section between the BS and application device 200. The delay in the NW section depends on the distance between the BS and application device 200 (the length of the NW section). On the other hand, the RAN section includes a section between the BS and the UE. The delay in the RAN section is greatly affected by the wireless communication scheduling in that section. That is, the delay in the RAN section depends on the delay due to the waiting time until the downlink resource and the uplink resource are allocated by scheduling.

[00199] Therefore, in the present embodiment, communication system 1 divides the communication path into a plurality of sections according to a delay factor, for example, and performs delay adjustment for each section. Thus, communication system 1 can handle delay fluctuation.

[00200] Note that, as illustrated in Figure 4, communication system 1 decomposes the communication path into a plurality of sections (RAN section and NW section) for each terminal device 30 (UE). <3-2-8. Delay characteristics>

[00201] The delay described above includes an average delay and a jitter which is a variation of the delay. Hereafter, the average delay and the jitter are collectively referred to as a delay characteristic or a delay. Furthermore, there is a case where the delay characteristic is stationary and does not change much, and a case where the delay characteristic is non-stationary and changes over time.

[00202] Figure 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a lag distribution. The horizontal axis of the graph illustrated in Figure 15 Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 58 / 144 / 102 represents the delay time, and the vertical axis represents the degree (frequency).

[00203] As illustrated in Figure 15, the delay occurs with a predetermined propagation. In the example illustrated in Figure 15, the average delay is 50 ms, and the jitter propagation is 40 ms. <3-2-9. Standardization trend>

[00204] As described above, the application of TSN to a 5G network has been studied. For example, 3GPP TS23.501 describes a case where a UE performs TSN communication using a plurality of UPFs. A network that is a target of TSN is called a bridge. In 3GPP TS23.501, it is specified that 5G is treated as a bridge. Subsequently, the standardization of a method for converting the conventional TSN configuration content into a configuration parameter that can be understood by the 5G network at the 5G network inlet is currently underway. <<4. Operation of the communication system 1>>

[00205] Based on the above, the operation of communication system 1 will be described below.

[00206] Note that in the following description, it is assumed that the wireless network acting as a TSN bridge is a 5G network, but the wireless network acting as the TSN bridge may be a different wireless network than the 5G network. For example, the wireless network acting as the TSN bridge may be a cellular network different from the 5G network, such as a 4G network. In the following description, the 5G network acting as a TSN bridge is simply referred to as the 5G network.

[00207] Furthermore, the information processing device 100 that performs delay adjustment may be a device (for example, the management device 10) that implements a function of a core network. That is, the information processing device 100 may be a device located on the core network, but the information processing device 100 is not limited to it. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 59 / 144 / 102

[00208] Information processing device 100 may be a device located outside the main network. In this case, information processing device 100 is located in the vicinity of the main network, more specifically, in the vicinity of the main network than application device 200.

[00209] Furthermore, in the following description, it is assumed that application device 200 executes an application that uses the TSN network. For example, the application may be an application function included in a communication device to be an endpoint of the TSN network (e.g., a drone or an industrial robot or a server that controls them). In this case, the communication device corresponds to application device 200. Moreover, a communication device itself being an endpoint may be considered an application. In addition, a part or the entire TSN system that uses the 5G network may be considered an application. For example, network management device 40 (e.g., the TSN network CUC or CNC) may be considered an application. In the following description, “application” and “application device 200” may be reclassified as “communication device”.

[00210] Furthermore, in the following description, a case in which application device 200 communicates with two UEs (the first UE and the second UE) will be described, but the number of UEs with which application device 200 communicates is not limited to two. Application device 200 can communicate with three or more UEs.

[00211] In the following description, the communication path is divided into two sections, but the plurality of sections included in the communication path is not limited to two. The communication path can be divided into three or more sections. <4-1. First modality>

[00212] Next, an operation of the system will be described. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 60 / 144 / 102 communication 1 of a first modality. <4-1-1. Problem 1-1>

[00213] The delay time and jitter of the UE change depending on the distance to the application device 200, a communication device located in the communication path and the like. That is, UEs with different distances and communication devices have different delay characteristics.

[00214] For example, in a case where the difference between the first delay time between the first UE and application device 200 and the difference between the second delay time between the second UE and application device 200 can be captured, application device 200 can adjust the delay difference between the first UE and the second UE. For example, application device 200 can reduce the delay difference between the first and second UEs by delaying the processing for the UE signal (e.g., the first UE) with a small delay by the same time as the delay difference. Thus, it is possible to correct the inequity regarding the delay between the first and second UEs.

[00215] However, when application device 200 performs delay adjustment, some problems may occur.

[00216] The first problem is that the load on application device 200 located at the final stage of the communication path increases. For example, in a case where buffering is performed to delay processing, if the delay difference between the first and second UEs becomes too large, there is a possibility that the load on the buffer will become too great.

[00217] The second problem is that the processing speed of the application device 200 may decrease. For example, in a case where the next processing cannot be performed unless a signal to be subjected to delay adjustment is processed, as the difference of Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 61 / 144 / 102. As the delay increases, the time required for delay adjustment decreases, and the processing speed of application device 200 decreases. Consequently, a method of preventing a decrease in processing speed by limiting the delay adjustment target to the control signal is conceivable, but even in this case, the processing speed of application device 200 decreases as the delay difference between the first and second UEs increases.

[00218] A third problem is that there is a possibility that a larger delay variation (jitter) may occur due to the overlapping of delay variations that occur in a plurality of sections of a communication path. This jitter is not stable, but changes very instantaneously. Application device 200 adjusts the average delay. Consequently, it is difficult for application device 200 to adjust the delay that changes so much at that moment.

[00219] A fourth problem is the sequencing capability of the delay adjustment. When a condition changes anywhere in the communication path and a delay characteristic (average delay and / or jitter) changes, the application device 200 needs to reacquire the delay characteristic. In order to improve sequencing capability, for example, the communication path is divided into a plurality of sections, and the communication system 1 reacquires the delay characteristic in some sections, so that the communication system 1 can be able to follow the change in delay efficiently. <4-1-2. Solution 1-1>

[00220] In communication system 1 according to the present embodiment, the communication path between the UE and the application device 200 is divided into a plurality of sections. Figure 16 is a diagram to describe an example of a communication path according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. In the present embodiment, the path Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 62 / 144 / 102 of communication is divided into a plurality of sections for each EU.

[00221] In the example in Figure 16, the first and second UEs communicate with application device 200. The first communication path A between the first UE and application device 200 is divided into two sections A1 and A2. The second communication path B between the second UE and application device 200 is divided into two sections B1 and B2.

[00222] For example, section A1 corresponds to the first RAN section in Figure 4, and section A2 corresponds to the first NW section. Section B1 corresponds to the second RAN section, and section B2 corresponds to the second NW section.

[00223] Hereafter, section A1 is also referred to as the first wireless section. Section A2 is also referred to as the first wired section. Section B1 is also referred to as the second wireless section. Section B2 is also referred to as the second wired section. Note that when the first and second wireless sections are not distinguished, they are also simply referred to as wireless sections. When the first and second wired sections are not distinguished, they are also simply referred to as wired sections.

[00224] Note that sections A1, A2, B1, and B2 described above are examples. Sections A1 and A2 only need to be sections of the first communication path, and the sectioning mode is not limited to the example described above. For example, section A1 may include a wired section, such as a core network. Furthermore, section A2 may not include a core network, but may include a public network, such as the internet.

[00225] The communication path can be divided into a plurality of sections with a router positioned in the middle of the path as a boundary. Furthermore, the communication path can be divided for each function, such as (R)AN, a main network (CN), and the internet. Note that a router Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 63 / 144 / 102, is situated at a boundary between these functions. Consequently, a communication path can be delimited by multiple routers from a plurality of routers located along the communication path.

[00226] In this embodiment, it is classified whether a predetermined section is a common section or a difference section in relation to other sections. A common section is a section in which the delay characteristics (delay time and / or jitter) are substantially the same (e.g., the delay difference is less than a predetermined threshold) in two sections (a predetermined section and other sections). A difference section is a section in which the delay characteristics are different (e.g., the delay difference is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold) in two sections (a predetermined section and other sections).

[00227] Figures 17 and 18 are diagrams to describe an example of a common section and a difference section according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 17 illustrates an example in which sections A1 and B1 are common sections.

[00228] For example, when the performances of the first and second BSs are substantially the same, the delay characteristics of section A1 and section B1 may be substantially the same. On the other hand, when the location of the first UE is different from the location of the second UE, the distance (section A2) between the first BS and the application device 200 and the distance (section B2) between the second BS and the application device 200 may be different. In this case, the delay characteristics of section A2 and section B2 may be different.

[00229] As described above, for example, depending on the BS performance, even if the first and second UEs are connected to different BSs, the delay characteristics of sections A1 and B1 may be substantially the same. In this case, sections A1 and B1 are common sections. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 64 / 144 / 102

[00230] Furthermore, the delay characteristics of sections A2 and B2 may differ depending on the distance between the first and second UEs and the application device 200. In this case, sections A2 and B2 are difference sections.

[00231] On the other hand, Figure 18 illustrates an example in which sections A2 and B2 are common sections.

[00232] For example, in a case where the distance (section A2) between the first BS and the application device 200 and the distance (section B2) between the second BS and the application device 200 are substantially the same, the delay characteristics of sections A2 and B2 may be substantially the same.

[00233] On the other hand, when the performances of the first and second BSs are different, the delay characteristics of sections A1 and B1 may be different. For example, even if the main networks to which the first and second BSs are connected are the same, the delay characteristics of sections A1 and B1 may be different in a case where the UL / DL ratio configuration of the first and second BSs is different.

[00234] As described above, for example, the delay characteristics of sections A1 and B1 may differ depending on the BS performance even if the first and second UEs are connected to the same main network. In this case, sections A1 and B1 are difference sections.

[00235] Furthermore, the delay characteristics of sections A2 and B2 may be substantially the same depending on the distance between the first and second UEs and the application device 200. In this case, sections A2 and B2 are common sections.

[00236] Note that, in this case, it is assumed that one of the wireless sections (sections A1 and B1) and the wired section (sections A2 and B2) is the common section (or the difference section). However, both the wireless section and the wired section can be common sections. That is, sections A1 and B1 can be sections Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 65 / 144 / 102 common, and sections A2 and B2 may be common sections. Alternatively, both the wireless section and the wired section may be common sections. That is, sections A1 and B1 may be difference sections, and sections A2 and B2 may be difference sections.

[00237] As described above, application device 200 according to the present embodiment divides each of the communication paths of the first and second UEs into a plurality of sections. Application device 200 divides the communication path into, for example, a function and a router.

[00238] Application device 200 detects whether or not there is a difference in the delay characteristic in each section. For example, application device 200 acquires the delay characteristic of information processing device 100 located in each of the first and second communication paths to detect the difference in delay characteristics between the sections. In this case, it is assumed that information processing device 100 has, for example, a delay management function.

[00239] Figure 19 is a diagram to describe the measurement of a delay characteristic by the information processing device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[00240] For example, the Linux-equipped information processing device 100 transmits an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ping and measures the time until a response is returned, thus measuring the delay characteristic. In this way, the information processing device 100 measures the delay characteristic of each section of the communication path using a delay measurement tool.

[00241] For example, in Figure 19, an information processing device 1001 measures delays in sections A1 and A2 of the first path of Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 66 / 144 / 102 communication. Information processing device 1001 measures the return time in section A1. Furthermore, information processing device 1001 measures the return time in section A2. Information processing device 1001 periodically performs delay measurement and notifies application device 200 of a measurement result.

[00242] For example, an information processing device 1002 measures delays in sections B1 and B2 of the second communication path. The information processing device 1002 measures the return time in section B1. Furthermore, the information processing device 1002 measures the return time in section B2. The information processing device 1002 periodically performs the delay measurement and notifies the application device 200 of a measurement result.

[00243] Based on the measurement result, the application device 200 recognizes which section of the communication path is a common section that has a small delay difference from the sections of the other communication paths or a difference section that has a large delay difference.

[00244] The information processing device 100, which has a delay-measuring function, can be placed at a boundary between the main network and the internet (alternatively, a virtual private network (VPN)). In this case, desirably, the information processing device 100 measures the delay in the section between the main network and the RAN. Furthermore, desirably, the information processing device 100 measures a delay of wired communication, such as the internet.

[00245] As described above, by placing the information processing device 100 that measures the delay at the boundary between the main network and the internet, the number of information processing devices 100 placed along the communication path can be reduced by Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 67 / 144 / 102 in some cases. In this case, if an information processing device 100 is provided for each communication path of each EU, the application device 200 can more reliably capture the common section and the difference section.

[00246] Note that the arrangement of the information processing device 100 that measures the delay is an example, and the information processing device 100 can be arranged in any position along the communication path. Furthermore, the number of information processing devices 100 is not limited to one, and two or more information processing devices can be arranged.

[00247] In this case, it is necessary that the data (packet) to be subjected to delay measurement by the information processing device 100 is not data transmitted over a scheduled interval used in the TSN. The scheduled interval is an interval used to transmit a packet at a predetermined periodic time. The application device 200 can further reduce the influence of delay when communicating with the UE using the scheduled interval.

[00248] The programmed interval operates the packet delay time and, thus, the information processing device 100 measures the packet delay for which the delay time is not operated by the programmed interval. In this way, the information processing device 100 can measure the actual delay generated in the communication path.

[00249] Note that, in the example described above, the information processing device 100 measures the delay of each section periodically (predetermined cycle). The information processing device 100 measures the delay in a cycle according to the delay difference of each section. For example, the information processing device 100 can change the measurement frequency (cycle) according to whether the section where the delay is measured is a common section or a section of Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 68 / 144 / 102 difference. For example, the information processing device 100 can set the delay measurement frequency in the common section to be lower than the delay measurement frequency in the difference section. Note that it is assumed that the information processing device 100 acquires, from the application device 200, information indicating whether the section to be measured is a common section or a difference section (alternatively, information about the assumed frequency).

[00250] When application device 200 detects whether each section is a common section or a difference section, the delay characteristics are equalized for each communication path using the programmed interval. For example, application device 200 instructs information processing device 100, with a delay addition function, to add a delay to a packet so that the delay characteristics are equalized for each communication path. In this way, application device 200 determines the delay to be added according to the delay measurement result of information processing device 100. Consequently, application device 200 updates the delay to be added according to the common section and the difference section. In other words, application device 200 updates the delay to be added in a cycle according to the delay difference of each section.According to the delay update by application device 200, information processing device 100 also updates the delay to be added.

[00251] Figure 20 is a diagram to describe an example of delay addition processing by application device 200 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. Note that, although a case in which application device 200 adds a delay in a communication path is described in this document, application device 200 may similarly add a delay in other paths. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 69 / 144 / 102 communication.

[00252] In Figure 20, the information processing device 100 is positioned between a main network and a router 300 that connects the main network and the internet. The information processing device 100 includes a delay addition unit DL 101, a delay addition unit UL 102, and a delay measurement unit 103. The delay addition unit DL 101, the delay addition unit UL 102, and the delay measurement unit 103 can be implemented as, for example, functional blocks of a control unit of the information processing device 100.

[00253] The DL 101 delay addition unit has a delay addition function of adding a delay to a DL packet transmitted from application device 200 to the UE. The UL 102 delay addition unit has a delay addition function of adding a delay to a UL packet transmitted from the UE to application device 200. As described above, the delay measurement unit 103 has a delay measurement function of measuring a delay periodically.

[00254] Figure 21 is a diagram to describe an example of delay addition according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 21 illustrates a case where the application device 200 is an initiator and the UE is a responder. Note that the delay measurement unit 103 of the information processing device 100 is not illustrated in Figure 21.

[00255] Although information processing devices 1001 and 1002 are illustrated in Figure 21, here, a case where information processing device 1001 adds a delay will be described as an example. For example, in a case where the delay of the first communication path between the first UE and application device 200 is shorter than the delay of the second communication path between the second UE. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 70 / 144 / 102 and application device 200, application device 200 instructs information processing device 1001 to add a delay in order to match the delay of the second communication path.

[00256] In the example in Figure 21, a delay addition unit DL 1011 of the information processing device 1001 adds a delay to the DL packet transmitted from the application device 200. For example, the delay addition unit DL 1011 adds a value (amount of delay) corresponding to the delay difference between section A2 and section B2 and the delay difference between section A1 and section B1 to the DL packet and transmits the DL packet to the first UE.

[00257] A UL 1021 delay addition unit of the information processing device 1001 adds a delay to the UL packet transmitted from the first UE. For example, the UL 1021 delay addition unit adds a value corresponding to the delay difference between section A1 and section B1 and the delay difference between section A2 and section B2 to the UL packet and transmits the UL packet to the application device 200.

[00258] Figure 22 is a diagram to describe another example of delay addition according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 22 illustrates a case where the UE is an initiator and the application device 200 is a responder. Note that the delay measurement unit 103 of the information processing device 100 is not illustrated in Figure 22.

[00259] Although information processing devices 1001 and 1002 are illustrated in Figure 22, here, a case where information processing device 1001 adds a delay will be described as an example. For example, in a case where the delay of the first communication path between the first UE and application device 200 is shorter than the delay of the second communication path between the second UE and application device 200, application device 200 instructs the Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 71 / 144 / 102 information processing device 1001 to add a delay in order to match the delay of the second communication path.

[00260] In the example in Figure 22, the delay addition unit UL 1021 of the information processing device 1001 adds a delay to the UL packet transmitted from the first UE. For example, the delay addition unit UL 1021 adds a value (amount of delay) corresponding to the delay difference between section A1 and section B1 and the delay difference between section A2 and section B2 to the UL packet and transmits the UL packet to the application device 200.

[00261] The DL 1011 delay addition unit of the information processing device 1001 adds a delay to the DL packet transmitted from the application device 200. For example, the DL 1011 delay addition unit adds a value corresponding to the delay difference between section A2 and section B2 and the delay difference between section A1 and section B1 to the DL packet and transmits the DL packet to the application device 200.

[00262] Information processing device 1001 receives delay difference information regarding the delay difference between section A1 and section B1 and the delay difference between section A2 and section B2 from, for example, application device 200. The delay difference information is transmitted from application device 200 to information processing device 1001 for each UE. Information processing device 1001 adds a delay to the packet for each UE.

[00263] For example, in a case where information processing device 1001 adds a delay to packets addressed to a plurality of UEs, the delay difference information relative to the delay difference is transmitted from application device 200 to information processing device 1001 for each one. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 72 / 144 / 102, among the plurality of UEs. This occurs because the priority in the scheduler allocated by BS is different for each UE. Consequently, application device 200 transmits delay difference information regarding the amount of delay added for each UE to information processing device 1001.

[00264] Figure 23 is a sequence diagram to describe an example of a delay-add instruction processing flow according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. Although Figure 23 illustrates a case where application device 200 issues a delay-add instruction to information processing device 1001, application device 200 can similarly transmit the delay instruction to information processing device 1002.

[00265] First, the information processing device 1001 performs delay measurement in section A1, for example, by transmitting a predetermined data signal (e.g., a test signal such as a ping, data including transmission time and the like) to the first UE and measuring the time until a response returns (Step S101).

[00266] Next, the information processing device 1001 performs delay measurement in section A2, for example, by transmitting a predetermined data signal to the application device 200 and measuring the time until a response returns (Step S102).

[00267] Information processing device 1001 reports the delay characteristic of each section (here, sections A1 and A2) to application device 200 (Step S103).

[00268] Application device 200 determines the delay addition for each UE based on the delay characteristic of each section acquired from information processing device 1001 and the delay characteristic of each section acquired from information processing device 1002 (not shown) (Step S104). For example, the device of Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 73 / 144 / 102, application 200 determines the amount of delay to be added for each UE based on the delay difference of each section. For example, application device 200 determines an amount of delay to be added for each UL and DL. In this document, it is assumed that application device 200 determines the delay addition for the first UE.

[00269] In this case, application device 200 instructs information processing device 1001 to add a delay (Step S105). For example, application device 200 provides a delay addition instruction when transmitting delay difference information regarding the amount of delay added for each UL and DL to information processing device 1001. <4-1-3. Effects 1-1>

[00270] Consequently, communication system 1 can further reduce the delay difference between application device 200 and a plurality of UEs. Moreover, communication system 1 can further reduce the delay difference for each section where the delay occurred. Thus, application device 200 does not need to frequently perform delay measurement along the communication path in order to further reduce the delay difference along the communication path. As described above, information processing device 100 reduces the delay difference for each section, which reduces the load on application device 200. In addition, a buffer load on application device 200 is reduced. <4-1-4. Problem 1-2>

[00271] In the solution described above 1-1, the information processing device 1001 measures the delay characteristic for each section. As described above, the delay characteristic is divided into an average delay and a jitter which is a variation in the delay. It is desirable that the application device 200 captures the delay separately for the average delay and the jitter.

[00272] In addition, the average delay includes an average delay that is Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 74 / 144 / 102, guarantees that the same delay is semi-permanently and an average delay that may change due to congestion or similar factors. It is desirable that application device 200 capture these average delays separately. It is desirable that application device 200 perform delay measurement frequency optimization and added delay optimization when differentiating and capturing these average delays and / or the average delay and jitter. <4-1-5. Solution 1-2>

[00273] Therefore, in this case, application device 200 decomposes and captures the measured delay in the section into the average delay and jitter. For example, information processing device 100 separately measures the average delay and jitter as the delay characteristic. Application device 200 separately captures the average delay and jitter by acquiring information about the measured average delay and jitter from information processing device 100. Application device 200 recognizes which of the delay and jitter is different in each section. For example, application device 200 adjusts the delay for each UE after capturing the maximum delay value according to the jitter, taking into account the jitter in each section.

[00274] For example, assume that the average delay in section A1 of the first communication path is 50 ms and the jitter propagation is 40 ms (see Figure 15). In this case, in section A1, the minimum delay time value is 30 ms, and the maximum value is 70 ms.

[00275] In this case, application device 200 adds a delay to a transmission packet so that the delay time of a transmission packet becomes a value corresponding to the maximum value. For example, application device 200 adds a delay to a transmission packet so that the delay time of the transmission packet becomes a value (in this case, 90 ms) obtained by adding a value corresponding to the jitter to the maximum value. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 75 / 144 / 102

[00276] In the example in Figure 15, the maximum delay is 70 ms. Assuming that the jitter value is half the jitter propagation, the jitter value is 20 ms. In this case, the maximum delay value is 70 + 20 = 90 ms.

[00277] Application device 200 instructs information processing device 100 to add a delay so that the transmission packet delay time becomes 90 ms. Information processing device 100 adds a delay to each transmission packet according to an instruction from application device 200.

[00278] For example, information processing device 100 measures a delay time of a transmission packet to which a delay is added. For example, information processing device 100 acquires the time at which the transmission packet is transmitted from a transmission source. Information processing device 100 measures a real delay time (hereinafter also called real delay) until the transmission packet reaches information processing device 100 from a difference between the time and the moment at which the transmission packet is received by information processing device 100 itself.

[00279] The information processing device 100 determines a delay time (hereinafter also referred to as an additional delay) to be added to the transmission packet according to the measured delay time and the delay time at which an instruction is given from the application device 200. For example, assume that the actual measured delay, i.e., the delay time it takes for the transmission packet to reach the information processing device 100 from the transmission source, is 40 ms. In this case, the information processing device 100 adds an additional delay of 90 - 40 = 50 ms to the transmission packet so that the transmission packet delay time becomes 90 Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 76 / 144 / 102 ms.

[00280] Thus, the information processing device 100 can transmit the transmission packet to the transmission destination with a constant delay time, regardless of jitter, and can further reduce the delay difference for each EU.

[00281] Furthermore, the information processing device 100 can reduce the influence of jitter by similarly adding an additional delay to a response signal to the transmission packet.

[00282] Figure 24 is a diagram to describe an example of delay addition by the information processing device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 24 illustrates a case where the application device 200 is an initiator and the UE is a responder. That is, in this case, the application device 200 sends a transmission packet to the UE and receives a response packet from the UE. Note that, in Figure 24, the illustration of the delay measurement unit 103 of the information processing device 100 is omitted.

[00283] The delay addition unit UL 102 of the information processing device 100 illustrated in Figure 24 includes a time hold unit 1021, a determination unit 1022 and a buffer 1023.

[00284] Time hold unit 1021 holds the earliest arrival time when the transmission packet arrived from application device 200. Time hold unit 1021 holds the earliest arrival time for each destination (e.g., destination IP address) of the transmission packet.

[00285] Time-hold unit 1021 holds the second arrival time when the response packet arrives from the UE. Time-hold unit 1021 holds the second arrival time for each transmission source (e.g., source IP address) of the packet. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 77 / 144 / 102 response.

[00286] Time retention unit 1021 provides information about the first and second arrival times retained at determination unit 1022 along with the corresponding transmission destination or origin.

[00287] The determination unit 1022 instructs the buffer to transmit the reply packet. That is, the determination unit 1022 determines the transmission time of the reply packet. The determination unit 1022 determines the transmission time of the reply packet based on the first and second arrival times.

[00288] Specifically, the determination unit 1022 determines the transmission time of the response packet so that the time from the arrival of the transmission packet to the transmission of the response packet is constant (e.g., 90 ms). In other words, the determination unit 1022 determines the transmission time of the response packet so that a return time (TAT) with the UE is constant.

[00289] Buffer 1023 holds the response packet. Buffer 1023 transmits the held response packet to application device 200 in accordance with the instruction of determination unit 1022.

[00290] As described above, the information processing device 100 measures a circular travel delay with the predetermined UE based on the first arrival time at which the transmission packet addressed to the predetermined UE arrives and the second arrival time at which the response packet from the predetermined UE arrives. The information processing device 100 adds an additional delay corresponding to the measured circular travel delay and jitter to the response packet. Thus, the information processing device 100 can transmit the transmission packet (or the response packet) to the destination with a constant delay time, regardless of jitter. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 78 / 144 / 102

[00291] In this case, a method was described in which the information processing device 100 adds a delay in a case where the application device 200 is an initiator and the UE is a responder. The information processing device 100 can similarly add an additional delay to the transmission packet in a case where the UE is the initiator and the application device 200 is the responder. In this case, the delay addition unit UL 102 adds the additional delay according to the actual delay of the transmission packet.

[00292] Note that jitter is likely to occur in the wireless section, but is less likely to occur in the wired section. In other words, the wired section has a low frequency of jitter occurrence. Consequently, it is desirable that the information processing device 100 adds an additional delay to each transmission packet in the wireless section. The information processing device 100 adds an additional delay to each transmission packet in the wireless section so that the delay time of each transmission packet becomes constant. In this way, the information processing device 100 can further reduce the influence of jitter in the wireless section.

[00293] In a case where additional delay is added in the wired section (internet line section), the information processing device 100 can measure the actual delay of the transmission packet based on the timestamp added to the transmission packet.

[00294] For example, the information processing device 100 located at the section's exit measures the actual delay of the transmission packet from a difference between a timestamp added to the transmission packet at the section's entrance and the moment (current time) when the transmission packet arrives. In this way, the information processing device 100 can measure the actual delay in the section from the moments when the transmission packet arrives at the section's entrance and exit. However, Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 79 / 144 / 102 in this case, a change in the package format, such as adding a timestamp, may be necessary upon entry.

[00295] Furthermore, the scheduled interval of the TSN is used in a case where the packet arrives at a specific arrival point, for example, in a 100 ms cycle. When the scheduled interval is used, all packets arrive in a 100 ms cycle. Consequently, the scheduled interval is suitable for use in a transmission packet where an entry to a section is performed at regular intervals.

[00296] That is, in a case where the transmission packet generated in a constant cycle is transmitted in a more precise cycle, the application device 200 can further reduce the delay difference for each UE by using the scheduled interval.

[00297] On the other hand, the addition of the additional delay by the information processing device 100 has no restriction such as a constant cycle, and can further reduce the delay difference for each EU relative to the packet transmitted by the application device 200 at any time. <4-1-6. Effects 1-2>

[00298] As described above, application device 200 separately captures the average delay and jitter as delay characteristics, so that the delay difference for each UE due to jitter can be further reduced. Moreover, since information processing device 100 adds the additional delay, the processing load of application device 200 can be further reduced. Furthermore, delay times that include jitter can be equalized between a plurality of UEs without the use of a programmed interval.

[00299] The information processing device 100 can further reduce the influence of jitter that is difficult to reduce in the application device 200, and can further reduce the delay difference for each Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 80 / 144 / 102 EU. <4-1-7. Problem 1-3>

[00300] Using the methods of solutions 1-1 and 1-2 described above, communication system 1 can make the delay characteristics uniform for each of a plurality of users without much alteration, that is, the same delay characteristics in a stable way. On the other hand, the delay characteristic can change irregularly, that is, dynamically. For example, there is a case where a delay increases as packets accumulate in a buffer at the time of congestion.

[00301] As described above, even in a case where the delay characteristic changes dynamically, it is desirable to further reduce the delay difference between the UEs. <4-1-8. Solution 1-3>

[00302] Therefore, the information processing device 100 according to the present embodiment monitors whether the section where the delay adjustment is performed is non-stationary and frequently updates the delay characteristic (or measures the delay) in the case of the unstable state. The monitoring of the unstable state and the change in the update frequency (or the delay measurement cycle) of the delay characteristic are performed by the information processing device 100 which has a delay measurement function.

[00303] The information processing device 100 alters the monitoring cycle of the delay characteristic between a section where the probability of becoming unstable is low and a section where the probability of becoming unstable is high. For example, the information processing device 100 shortens the monitoring cycle of the delay characteristic in a section that has a high probability of being in the unstable state.

[00304] For example, the average delay in a state is assumed Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 81 / 144 / 102 normal is 50 ms. Furthermore, the information processing device 100 is assumed to monitor a change in the delay characteristic in 10 s in a normal state. At that time, for example, in a case where the change in the delay characteristic is equal to or greater than a first threshold Th1 (e.g., 5 ms), the information processing device 100 determines that the state has changed to the unstable state and alters the monitoring cycle (10 s) of the delay characteristic. For example, in a case where the information processing device 100 determines that the stable state has changed to the unstable state, the monitoring cycle is shortened from 10 s to 1 s.

[00305] On the other hand, the information processing device 100 makes the monitoring cycle of the delay characteristic longer in a section where the possibility of becoming unstable is low than in a section where the possibility of becoming unstable is high. For example, the initial value of the monitoring cycle of the delay characteristic is set to, for example, 100 s in the section where the possibility of becoming unstable is low. For example, in a case where the change in the delay characteristic is equal to or greater than the first threshold Th1 in the section where the possibility of becoming unstable is low, the information processing device 100 determines that the state has changed to the unstable state and alters the monitoring cycle (100 s) of the delay characteristic.For example, in a case where the information processing device 100 determines that the stable state has changed to the unstable state, the monitoring cycle is shortened from 100 s to 10 s.

[00306] Note that the monitoring cycle of the delay characteristic can change to hysteresis. For example, in a case where the number of times the change in the delay characteristic becomes equal to or less than a second threshold Th2 (e.g., 1 ms) exceeds a predetermined number of times in the unstable state, the device... Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 82 / 144 / 102 Information processing 100 determines that the state has changed from the unstable state to the stable state. Upon determining that the unstable state has changed to the stable state, the information processing device 100 returns the monitoring cycle of the delay characteristic to the original state. For example, upon determining that the state has changed to the stable state in the section where the possibility of becoming the unstable state is low, the information processing device 100 changes the monitoring cycle from 10 s to 100 s.

[00307] In this case, the information processing device 100 returns (changes) the monitoring cycle to the original cycle at a given time, but the method of changing the monitoring cycle is not limited to this. Upon determining that the unstable state has changed to the stable state, the information processing device 100 can gradually restore the monitoring cycle of the delay characteristic to the original cycle. For example, upon determining that the state has changed to the stable state, the information processing device 100 gradually increases the monitoring cycle from 10 s to 20 ms and 30 ms and finally returns the monitoring cycle to the original 100 ms.

[00308] As described above, the information processing device 100 reports the measured delay characteristic to the application device 200. Therefore, when the monitoring cycle, i.e., the measurement cycle of the delay characteristic measurement, changes, the reporting cycle reported to the application device 200 also changes.

[00309] Application device 200 receives a report of the delay characteristic measurement result from information processing device 100 located on each communication path. Application device 200 notifies each information processing device 100 of the delay to be added based on these reports. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 83 / 144 / 102 Consequently, when the delay characteristic changes in any one of the plurality of communication paths, the application device 200 alters the delay to be added according to the change and notifies each information processing device 100 about the change.

[00310] As the information processing device 100 reports the measured delay characteristic to the application device 200 according to the change in delay, the application device 200 can more quickly reduce the delay difference for each UE.

[00311] As described above, the information processing device 100 defines, as a condition for detecting the unstable state, the detection that the change in the monitored delay is equal to or greater than the first threshold Th1. Furthermore, upon detection of the unstable state, the information processing device 100 changes the monitoring cycle from the first cycle to the second cycle (first cycle > second cycle). Moreover, the information processing device 100 changes the delay to be added according to an instruction from the application device 200.

[00312] Furthermore, the information processing device 100 defines, as a detection condition for returning to the stable state, the detection that the change in the monitored delay is equal to or less than the second threshold Th2 a predetermined number of times. Additionally, upon detection of the return to the stable state, the information processing device 100 changes the monitoring cycle from the second cycle to the first cycle. Moreover, the information processing device 100 changes the delay to be added according to an instruction from the application device 200.

[00313] Note that the information processing device 100 can determine whether the section is a section that has a high probability of becoming the unstable state or a section that has a low probability of becoming Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 84 / 144 / 102, to make the unstable state, for example, according to the transition frequency to the unstable state. For example, the information processing device 100 determines a section in which the transition frequency to the unstable state is equal to or greater than a threshold, such as a section that has a high probability of becoming the unstable state, and defines the monitoring cycle in the stable state as short (e.g., 10 s). On the other hand, the information processing device 100 determines a section in which the transition frequency to the unstable state is less than the threshold, such as a section in which the probability of becoming the unstable state is low, and defines the monitoring cycle in a stable state as long (e.g., 100 s).

[00314] In this way, the information processing device 100 quickly detects that the delay time has suddenly increased in a section where the average delay is normally the same in a constant manner. Furthermore, in a case where the information processing device 100 detects an increase (change) in the delay time, the information processing device shortens the monitoring cycle of the delay characteristic in order to follow the change. Thus, the information processing device 100 can follow the dynamic change delay characteristic (average delay).

[00315] Furthermore, since the information processing device 100 shortens the delay characteristic monitoring cycle, the cycle in which the application device 200 adjusts the delay characteristic with another user also shortens. Consequently, the application device 200 can equalize the delay characteristic among the plurality of users after the change in the delay characteristic in the specific section.

[00316] Figure 25 is a sequence diagram to describe another example of the delay addition instruction processing flow according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. Although Figure 25 Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 85 / 144 / 102 illustrates a case in which application device 200 issues a delay addition instruction to information processing device 1001, application device 200 can similarly transmit the delay instruction to information processing device 1002.

[00317] As illustrated in Figure 25, the information processing device 1001 defines and modifies a monitoring cycle (delay characteristic measurement cycle) for each section (Step S201). The information processing device 1001 defines the monitoring cycle according to whether it is a section that has a high probability of becoming unstable or a section that has a low probability of becoming unstable. The information processing device 1001 modifies the monitoring cycle according to the change in the delay characteristic.

[00318] Note that the subsequent processing is the same as the assignment processing illustrated in Figure 23 and, therefore, the description of the same is omitted. <4-1-9. Effects 1-3>

[00319] In this way, the information processing device 100 alters the monitoring cycle according to the change in the delay characteristic. For example, the information processing device 100 alters a delay update cycle and / or a delay measurement cycle (monitoring cycle) according to whether the delay fluctuation is equal to or not equal to a predetermined threshold (e.g., first threshold Th1 and second threshold Th2). Thus, in a case where the delay characteristic changes rapidly, the information processing device 100 can follow the change. Furthermore, in a case where the delay characteristic changes rapidly, the application device 200 can quickly equalize the delay characteristic between users after the change. <4-1-10. Problem 1-4> Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 86 / 144 / 102

[00320] When a delay is added to the transmission packet, the delay across the entire communication system 1 tends to increase. Furthermore, there may be a case where the application device 200 wants to add a delay to the transmission packet collectively across a plurality of sections.

[00321] In such a case, it may be undesirable for the information processing device 100 to add a delay to the transmission packet in all sections.

[00322] Furthermore, in solution 1-3 described above, when the delay characteristic fluctuates dynamically, the information processing device 100 adds a delay after the fluctuation. However, in a case where the variation of the delay characteristic is so rapid that the information processing device 100 cannot follow the fluctuation, the delay does not need to be adjusted after the variation.

[00323] Furthermore, in a case where the delay difference in each section is small, there is a possibility that the information processing device 100 will not adjust the delay.

[00324] Furthermore, in solution 1-2 described above, the information processing device 100 can adjust the jitter and the average delay. However, there is a possibility that the information processing device 100 adjusts one of the jitter and the average delay and does not adjust the other.

[00325] As described above, it is desirable that the application device 200 can instruct the information processing device 100 to perform delay adjustment according to the situation of the communication system 1 or similar. <4-1-11. Solution 1-4>

[00326] Therefore, application device 200 according to the present embodiment provides an instruction as to whether or not to add a delay to the transmission packet for each section. Application device 200 can instruct information processing device 100 Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 87 / 144 / 102 to stop adding a delay in a predetermined section. Alternatively, application device 200 can instruct information processing device 100 to add a 0 ms delay in a predetermined section.

[00327] Furthermore, application device 200 can instruct information processing device 100 to adjust either the average delay or the jitter in a predetermined section and stop adjusting the other. For example, application device 200 can instruct information processing device 100 to adjust the average delay in a predetermined section and stop adjusting the jitter.

[00328] Figure 26 is a sequence diagram to describe another example of the delay-add instruction processing flow according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. Although Figure 26 illustrates a case where application device 200 issues a delay-add instruction to information processing device 1001, application device 200 can similarly transmit the delay instruction to information processing device 1002. In the instruction process illustrated in Figure 26, the same processes as in Figure 23 are indicated by the same reference numerals, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[00329] Application device 200 determines the delay addition and / or delay stop for each UE based on the delay characteristic of each section acquired from information processing device 1001 and the delay characteristic of each section acquired from information processing device 1002 (not shown) (Step S301). In this case, it is assumed that application device 200 determines to stop the delay addition to the transmission packet of the first UE.

[00330] In this case, application device 200 instructs information processing device 1001 to stop adding delay (Step S302). Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 88 / 144 / 102 The information processing device 1001 that received this instruction stops adding a delay to the transmission signal.

[00331] Note that application device 200 can give an instruction to stop delay addition in both sections A1 and A2. Alternatively, application device 200 can give an instruction to stop delay addition in either section A1 or A2. In that case, application device 200 can issue an instruction about delay addition in a section where delay addition is not interrupted. <4-1-12. Effects 1-4>

[00332] As described above, application device 200 can issue an instruction to stop delay addition, in addition to instructions for delay addition. Thus, application device 200 can instruct information processing device 100 to perform delay adjustment according to the situation of communication system 1 or similar. <4-2. Second modality>

[00333] Next, an operation of communication system 1 of a second type will be described. <4-2-1. Problem 2-1>

[00334] For example, a use case is conceivable in which the client application mounted on each UE simultaneously executes the designated control from the 200 application device located on the cloud side at a predetermined time. This can be implemented, for example, by mounting a clock in which the 200 application device and each client application are precisely time-synchronized. This clock can be implemented by a function called TSN synchronization.

[00335] Thus, communication system 1 can build a system in which a plurality of UEs cooperate. For example, client applications mounted on the UE can perform control on the actuators at the same time. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 89 / 144 / 102

[00336] Figure 27 is a diagram that describes an example of cooperative control by application device 200.

[00337] For example, at time t01, application device 200 transmits a control signal to execute processing simultaneously to the first and third UEs. The first and third UEs have different delay characteristics. In this case, the first and third UEs receive the control signal at different times. For example, in Figure 27, the first UE receives the control signal at time t02. At time t03, the third UE receives the control signal. At time t04, the second UE receives the control signal.

[00338] As described above, even if the time at which each UE receives the control signal varies, the application device 200 sets the time t05 at which processing is executed with a margin, so that each UE can execute processing simultaneously. In the example in Figure 27, even if the second UE receives the control signal last, the second UE can execute processing simultaneously with the first and third UEs at time t05 with a margin of period T01.

[00339] However, in a system that requires a fast response, it is necessary to shorten the delay time for processing execution. As described above, there is a problem of the execution time being delayed when the application device 200 determines the execution time (time t05) to perform cooperative processing in consideration of the difference between the delay times of the plurality of UEs. <4-2-2. Solution 2-1>

[00340] Therefore, application device 200 according to the present embodiment equalizes the delay characteristics between the UEs and determines the execution time to perform cooperative processing according to the delay characteristics of the UEs using solutions 1-1 to 1-4 described above. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 90 / 144 / 102

[00341] Using solutions 1-1 to 1-4 described above, application device 200 can equalize the delay characteristics between the UEs. Furthermore, application device 200 acquires delay characteristics (average delay and jitter) for each UE from information processing device 100. Consequently, application device 200 can determine the execution time to perform cooperative processing according to the delay characteristic and can set the execution time at an earlier time.

[00342] Figure 28 is a diagram to describe an example of cooperative control by application device 200 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. Note that, in this case, it is assumed that the delay characteristics of a plurality of UEs are uniform by application device 200. Consequently, in Figure 28, an example of cooperative control will be described focusing on one UE.

[00343] As described above, since the delay characteristics of the plurality of UEs are the same, the control signal transmitted by application device 200 at time t11 arrives at the UE at time t12 after the average delay T11. Assuming that the jitter propagation is T12, the maximum delay T13 is T11 + T12 / 2. That is, the UE can receive the control signal at time t13 after the maximum delay T13 at the latest.

[00344] Application device 200 can capture the moment when the control signal arrives at the UE. Therefore, application device 200 sets the execution time for cooperative processing at time t14 immediately after time t13, at which time the UE receives the control signal at the latest. The UE performs enhancement processing (i.e., processing based on the control signal) according to the control signal at time t24.

[00345] Thus, application device 200 can further shorten the delay time of the execution moment in which the control Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 91 / 144 / 102 cooperative is carried out.

[00346] Note that, as described above, the method in which application device 200 defines the execution time using a temporally synchronized clock (hereinafter also referred to as a first configuration method) has the advantage that a plurality of UEs can more reliably execute cooperative processing at the same time.

[00347] On the other hand, the first configuration method has a disadvantage in that the execution time may be delayed. In addition, depending on the UE, the control signal is received quickly. In this way, the UE that received the control signal early needs to buffer the unnecessarily long control signal.

[00348] Furthermore, in a case where there is a possibility that the UE that received information as a control signal will perform processing prematurely due to fraud, it is desirable that a plurality of UEs receive the information simultaneously. For example, there is a concern that a malicious UE might commit fraud in a case where it is advantageous to perform processing early, such as in a game. In such a case, it is desirable that a plurality of UEs receive information at the same time.

[00349] In addition to the first configuration method, for example, a method in which, in a case where the delay times of the UEs can be equalized, the application device 200 simultaneously transmits a control signal, and each UE performs processing as soon as it receives the control signal (hereinafter also described as a second configuration method). In the case of the second configuration method, the application device 200 and the UE do not need to have temporally synchronized clocks. Furthermore, each UE can perform cooperative processing almost simultaneously with a minimum delay. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 92 / 144 / 102

[00350] However, as described above, the delay characteristics include an average delay and jitter. Consequently, even if the delay times of the UEs are equalized to some extent, there is a possibility that a slight variation may occur in the delay time of each UE due to an influence of jitter or similar factors, for example.

[00351] Therefore, application device 200 according to the present embodiment defines the processing execution time for each UE considering the influence of jitter or similar factors when equalizing the delay times of the UEs. Hereafter, this configuration method is also referred to as a third configuration method. In the third configuration method, application device 200 equalizes the delay times of the UEs and defines the processing execution time using a time-synchronized clock.

[00352] Thus, each UE can execute processing simultaneously more reliably. In addition, application device 200 can set an earlier execution time and can further reduce processing execution delay.

[00353] Furthermore, since application device 200 equalizes the delay times of the UEs, it is difficult for the control signal to reach the UE too early. Consequently, fraud by the UE can be prevented. Thus, application device 200 does not need to monitor UE fraud, and the processing load of application device 200 can be further reduced.

[00354] Figure 29 is a sequence diagram to describe an example of a cooperative control processing flow according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. Although Figure 29 illustrates a case where application device 200 performs cooperative control on the first UE, application device 200 can also perform cooperative control on the second and third UEs in a similar manner. Note that, Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 93 / 144 / 102 in the processing of Figure 29, the same components as those in the processing illustrated in Figure 25 are indicated by the same reference numerals, and their description is omitted.

[00355] By instructing the information processing device 1001 to add the delay in Step S105, the application device 200, in which the UE delays are equalized, assigns the execution time and transmits the control signal to the first UE (Step S401). Here, the execution time is defined by the application device 200 based on the time the control signal arrives at each UE. Furthermore, a delay is added to the control signal by the information processing device 1001. Consequently, the control signal arrives at each UE at substantially the same time. <4-2-3. Effects 2-1>

[00356] As described above, application device 200 according to the present embodiment equalizes the delays of the UEs and transmits packets to the UEs by specifying the execution time. Thus, application device 200 can further reduce packet execution delay. In addition, application device 200 can further reduce the variation in the arrival time of packets to the UEs. <4-2-4. Problem 2-2>

[00357] For example, in a case where the delay characteristics (average delay and jitter) of the UEs fluctuate, there is a case where it is difficult for application device 200 to set the packet execution time even if the delay characteristics of the UEs are equalized. For example, in a case where the delay characteristic fluctuates dynamically, there is a possibility that the packet will not reach the UE until the execution time set by application device 200. <4-2-5. Solution 2-2>

[00358] Therefore, in a case where the delay characteristic fluctuates Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 94 / 144 / 102 dynamically, the application device 200 according to this embodiment defines the packet execution time (execution moment) so that the packet is executed at a predetermined interval after the packet arrives at the UE.

[00359] For example, communication device 200 increases the predetermined interval as the fluctuation in the delay characteristic increases. For example, in Figure 28, application device 200 increases the interval (predetermined interval) between time t12 and time t13 as the fluctuation of the delay characteristic increases.

[00360] Thus, each EU can perform processing simultaneously more reliably, regardless of delay fluctuations.

[00361] In addition, as another method, application device 200 can switch between a case where the execution time is not designated and a case where the execution time is designated. For example, application device 200 transmits a packet when switching between the second configuration method and the third configuration method described above.

[00362] For example, in a steady state where the delay characteristic fluctuation is small, application device 200 equalizes the delay characteristic of each UE, designates the execution time, and transmits the packet. That is, application device 200 performs cooperative control of each UE by using the third configuration method in the steady state. In this case, after receiving the packet, the UE executes processing based on the packet before a specified execution time.

[00363] On the other hand, in the unstable state where the delay characteristic fluctuates dynamically, application device 200 equalizes the delay characteristic of each UE, but transmits the packet without specifying the execution time. In this case, the UE executes the packet as soon as it is received. That is, application device 200 performs control. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 95 / 144 / 102 cooperative of each UE when using the second configuration method in the unstable state. In this case, the UE performs packet-based processing after receiving the packet.

[00364] Application device 200 can explicitly notify the UE which of the second and third configuration methods should be used. Alternatively, application device 200 can implicitly notify the UE which of the second and third configuration methods should be used depending on whether the execution time is included in the package. In this case, when the package does not include the execution time, the UE determines that cooperative control is performed using the second configuration method. When the execution time is included in the package, the UE determines that cooperative control is performed using the third configuration method. <4-2-6. Effects 2-2>

[00365] As described above, application device 200 according to the present embodiment defines the execution time with a margin according to the fluctuation in the delay characteristic. Alternatively, application device 200 alternates the cooperative control method (mode) according to the fluctuation in the delay characteristic.

[00366] Thus, the application device 200 can perform cooperative control of the UE more reliably even in a case where the fluctuation of the delay characteristic is large. <<5. Other modalities»

[00367] The modalities described above are examples, and various modifications and applications are possible.

[00368] For example, in the mode described above, TSN is applied to communication system 1, but TSN does not need to be applied. A network technology other than TSN can be applied to communication system 1. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 96 / 144 / 102

[00369] Furthermore, in the embodiment described above, the information processing device 100 performs both the measurement of the delay characteristic and the addition of the delay, but the information processing device 100 does not need to perform both. For example, the information processing device that measures the delay characteristic and the information processing device that adds the delay can be separate devices.

[00370] Furthermore, in the embodiment described above, application device 200 performs both the provision of the service to the UE and the determination of the delay addition to the transmission packet, but a device other than application device 200 may determine the delay addition to the transmission packet. In this case, for example, communication system 1 may additionally include a device (e.g., the information processing device) that determines the delay addition to the transmission packet.

[00371] A control device that controls the information processing device 100, the application device 200 and the UE (terminal device 30) of the present embodiment may be implemented by a dedicated computer system or a general-purpose computer system.

[00372] For example, a communication program to perform the operation explained above is stored and distributed on a computer-readable recording medium, such as an optical disc, semiconductor memory, magnetic tape, or floppy disk. Then, for example, when the program is installed on a computer and the processing described above is performed, the control device can be configured. At that point, the control device can be the information processing device 100, the application device 200, or a device outside the EU (e.g., a personal computer). Furthermore, the device of Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 97 / 144 / 102 control can be a device (e.g., the control unit) within the information processing device 100, the application device 200 or the UE.

[00373] Furthermore, the communication program can be stored on a disk device included in a server device on a network, such as the internet, so that the communication program can be downloaded to a computer. Moreover, the functions explained above can be implemented through the cooperation of an operating system (OS) and application software. In this case, a different part of the OS can be stored on a medium and distributed, or a different part of the OS can be stored on a server device and downloaded to a computer or similar.

[00374] Furthermore, among the processes described in the above embodiments, all or part of the processes described as executed automatically may be executed manually, or all or part of the processes described as executed manually may be executed automatically by a publicly known method. Additionally, the processing procedure, specific name, and information including various data and parameters illustrated in the above document and figures may optionally be altered, unless otherwise specified. For example, the various types of information illustrated in each figure are not limited to the information illustrated.

[00375] Additionally, each component of each device illustrated in the drawings is functionally conceptual and is not necessarily physically configured as illustrated in the drawings. That is, a specific form of distribution and integration of each device is not limited to the illustrated form, and all or part of them may be functionally or physically distributed and integrated into any unit according to various loads, usage conditions, and the like. Note that this configuration Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 98 / 144 / 102, regarding the distribution and integration that can be carried out dynamically.

[00376] Additionally, the modalities described above can be appropriately combined in a region where the processing content does not contradict each other. Furthermore, the order of each step illustrated in the flowchart of the modality described above can be altered as appropriate.

[00377] Furthermore, for example, the present embodiment can be implemented as any configuration that constitutes a device or a system, for example, a processor that functions as a large-scale integration system (LSI) or similar, a module that uses a plurality of processors or similar, a unit that uses a plurality of modules or similar, an assembly obtained by adding further functions to a unit and similar (i.e., a configuration of a part of the device).

[00378] Note that, in the present embodiment, a system means a set of a plurality of components (devices, modules (parts) and the like), and it does not matter whether all the components are in the same compartment or not. Therefore, both a plurality of devices housed in separate compartments and connected by means of a network and a device in which a plurality of modules is housed in a compartment are systems.

[00379] In addition, for example, the present embodiment may employ a cloud computing configuration in which a function is shared and processed by a plurality of devices cooperating over a network. 6. Conclusion

[00380] Although the modalities of the present disclosure have been described above, the technical scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the modalities described above per se, and various modifications may be made. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 99 / 144 / 102, without departing from the essence of the present revelation. Furthermore, components of different modalities and examples of modifications may be combined as appropriate.

[00381] Furthermore, the effects on the modalities described in this descriptive report are merely examples and are not limited, and other effects may be provided.

[00382] Note that the present technology may also have the following configurations.

[00383] (1)

[00384] An information processing device comprising: a control unit that adds an additional delay to a transmission signal to be transmitted to a first terminal device and / or an application device according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic, wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (radio) access network ((R)AN) in a first communication path that includes the first terminal device, the first (R)AN (radio access network), a first CN (main network) and the application device,The second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN, and the application device; the first NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first NW section that includes at least a part of... Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 100 / 144 / 102 a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path and the second NW delay feature is a delay feature in a second NW section that includes at least part of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path.

[00385] (2)

[00386] Information processing device, according to (1), wherein the information processing device is disposed in the first CN or in a position closer to the first CN than the application device.

[00387] (3)

[00388] The information processing device, according to (2), in which the information processing device is disposed at a boundary between the first CN and a network connecting the first CN and the application device.

[00389] (4) (Update changed by common / difference 0221 Figure 19)

[00390] The information processing device, according to any one of (1) to (3), in which the control unit updates the additional delay in one cycle according to the first difference and / or the second difference.

[00391] (5)

[00392] The information processing device, according to any one of (1) to (4), in which the control unit alters the additional delay update cycle according to whether the delay fluctuation in the first RAN section and / or in the first NW section is greater or not than the predetermined threshold.

[00393] (6)

[00394] The information processing device, according to any one of (1) to (5), in which the control unit measures the first Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 101 / 144 / 102 RAN delay characteristic and / or the first NW delay characteristic.

[00395] (7)

[00396] The information processing device, according to (6), wherein the control unit measures the first RAN delay characteristic and / or the first NW delay characteristic in a cycle according to the first difference and / or the second difference.

[00397] (8)

[00398] The information processing device, according to (6) or (7), in which the control unit changes a measurement cycle of the first RAN delay characteristic and / or the first NW delay characteristic according to whether the delay fluctuation in the first RAN section and / or the first NW section is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold.

[00399] (9)

[00400] The information processing device, according to any one of (6) to (8), in which the control unit measures an average delay and variation in delay in the first RAN section according to the first RAN delay characteristic and measures the average delay and variation in delay in the first NW section according to the first NW delay characteristic.

[00401] (10)

[00402] The information processing device, according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the control unit adds the delay to the transmission signal according to the variation in delay between the first RAN section and the second RAN section and / or the variation in delay between the first NW section and the second NW section.

[00403] (11)

[00404] The information processing device, according to any one of (1) to (10), in which the control unit measures a delay of Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 102 / 144 / 102 circular trip with the first terminal device based on a first moment in which a first transmission signal transmitted to the first terminal device arrived and a second moment in which a second transmission signal transmitted by the first terminal device arrived, and adds the additional delay corresponding to the circular trip delay and variation in delay between the first RAN section and the second RAN section to the second transmission signal.

[00405] (12)

[00406] The information processing device, according to any one of (1) to (11), in which the control unit stops adding additional delay in a case of receiving an instruction to stop adding additional delay to the transmission signal.

[00407] (13)

[00408] The information processing device, according to any one of (1) to (12), in which the control unit adds the additional delay to the transmission signal for which an execution moment is designated.

[00409] (14)

[00410] The information processing device, according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the control unit adds the additional delay to the transmission signal according to the first difference of the first RAN delay characteristic, the second RAN delay characteristic and a third RAN delay characteristic and / or the second difference of the first NW delay characteristic, the second NW delay characteristic and the third NW delay characteristic, the third RAN delay characteristic being a delay characteristic in a third RAN section that includes at least one third (R)AN in a third communication path that includes a third Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 103 / 144 / 102 terminal device, the third (R)AN, a third CN and the application device and the third NW delay feature is a delay feature in a third NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the third (R)AN in the third communication path.

[00411] (15)

[00412] The information processing device, according to any one of (1) to (14), wherein the control unit adds the additional delay to the transmission signal according to a third difference between a third NW delay characteristic and a fourth NW delay characteristic, the third NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a third NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the first RAN section and the first NW section in the first communication path and the fourth NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a fourth NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the second RAN section and the second NW section in the second communication path.

[00413] (16)

[00414] A terminal device comprising: A communication unit that receives a transmission signal to which an additional delay is added according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic, wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 104 / 144 / 102 (R)AN in a first communication path that includes a terminal device, the first (R)AN, a first CN and an application device, the second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least a second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN and the application device, the first NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path and the second NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path.

[00415] (17)

[00416] The terminal device, according to (16), which further comprises a control unit that performs processing based on the transmission signal at a running time in a case where the running time of the transmission signal is designated.

[00417] (18)

[00418] The terminal device, according to (17), in which the control unit performs processing after receiving the transmission signal in a case where the execution time of the transmission signal is not designated and performs processing after waiting for the execution time after receiving the transmission signal in a case where the execution time is designated.

[00419] (19)

[00420] A base station comprising: a communication unit that transmits a transmission signal to which an additional delay is applied in accordance with a first Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 105 / 144 / 102 difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic is added to a first terminal device and / or an application device, wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (R)AN in a first communication path that includes the first terminal device, the first (R)AN, a first CN and the application device, the second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN and the application device,The first NW delay feature is a delay feature in a first NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path, and the second NW delay feature is a delay feature in a second NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path.

[00421] (20),

[00422] A communication system comprising: a first terminal device; an application device that communicates with the first terminal device; a base station that transmits a broadcast signal to the first terminal device and / or application device; and an information processing device that includes Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 106 / 144 / 102 a control unit that adds an additional delay to the transmission signal according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic, wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (R)AN in a first communication path that includes a first terminal device, the first (R)AN, a first CN and the application device, the second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN and the application device,The first NW delay feature is a delay feature in a first NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path, and the second NW delay feature is a delay feature in a second NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path.

[00423] (21),

[00424] An information processing method that includes: add an additional delay to a transmission signal to be transmitted to a first terminal device and / or an application device according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic, where Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 107 / 144 / 102: the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (R)AN in a first communication path that includes the first terminal device, the first (R)AN, a first CN, and the application device; the second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second NC, and the application device.The first NW delay feature is a delay feature in a first NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path, and the second NW delay feature is a delay feature in a second NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path.

[00425] (22),

[00426] A method of communication that includes: to receive, from a terminal device, a transmission signal to which an additional delay is added according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic, wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (R)AN in a first communication path that includes the terminal device, the first (R)AN, a first CN and an application device, the second RAN delay characteristic is a characteristic Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 108 / 144 100 / 102 delay in a second RAN section that includes at least a second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN and the application device, the first NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path and the second NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path.

[00427] (23)

[00428] A method of communication that includes: transmit a transmission signal to which an additional delay according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic is added to a first terminal device and / or an application device, wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (R)AN in a first communication path that includes the first terminal device, the first (R)AN, a first CN and the application device, the second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN and the application device,the first NW delay characteristic is a characteristic, Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 109 / 144 101 / 102 delay in a first NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path and the second NW delay feature is a delay feature in a second NW section that includes at least a part of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path.

[00429] (24)

[00430] A communication method in a communication system that includes a first terminal device, an application device that communicates with the first terminal device, a base station that transmits a transmission signal to the first terminal device and / or the application device, and an information processing device, wherein the communication method comprises: using the information processing device, add an additional delay to the transmission signal according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic, wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (R)AN in a first communication path that includes a first terminal device, the first (R)AN, a first CN and the application device, the second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN and the application device,the first NW delay characteristic is a characteristic, Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 110 / 144 102 / 102 delay in a first NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path, and the second NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path. List of Reference Signals

[00431] 1 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT DEVICE 11, 41, 51 COMMUNICATION UNIT 12, 22, 32, 42, 52 STORAGE UNIT 13, 23, 33, 43, 53 CONTROL UNIT BASE STATION 21, 31 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION UNIT TERMINAL DEVICE NETWORK MANAGEMENT DEVICE COMMUNICATION DEVICE 100 INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE 200 APPLICATION DEVICE Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 111 / 144

Claims

1 / 10 CLAIMS 1. Information processing device, characterized in that it comprises: a control unit that adds an additional delay to a transmission signal to be transmitted to a first terminal device and / or an application device according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic, wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (radio) access network ((R)AN) in a first communication path that includes the first terminal device, the first (R)AN (radio access network), a first CN (main network) and the application device,The second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN, and the application device; the first NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path; and the second NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path.

2. Information processing device according to claim 1, wherein the information processing device is characterized in that it is disposed in the first NC or in a position closer to the first NC than the application device. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 112 / 144 2 / 10 3. Information processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit measures the first RAN delay characteristic and / or the first NW delay characteristic.

4. Information processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that the control unit measures the first RAN delay characteristic and / or the first NW delay characteristic in a cycle according to the first difference and / or the second difference.

5. Information processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that the control unit changes a measurement cycle of the first RAN delay characteristic and / or the first NW delay characteristic according to whether the delay fluctuation in the first RAN section and / or the first NW section is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold.

6. Information processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit adds the delay to the transmission signal according to the variation in delay between the first RAN section and the second RAN section and / or the variation in delay between the first NW section and the second NW section.

7. Information processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit measures a circular travel delay with the first terminal device based on a first moment in which a first transmission signal transmitted to the first terminal device arrived and a second moment in which a second transmission signal transmitted by the first terminal device arrived, and adds the additional delay corresponding to the circular travel delay and variation in delay between the first RAN section and the second RAN section to the second transmission signal. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 113 / 144 3 / 10 8. Information processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit stops adding additional delay upon receiving an instruction to stop adding additional delay to the transmission signal.

9. Information processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit adds the additional delay to the transmission signal for which an execution time is designated.

10. Information processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit adds the additional delay to the transmission signal according to the first difference of the first RAN delay characteristic, the second RAN delay characteristic and a third RAN delay characteristic and / or the second difference of the first NW delay characteristic, the second NW delay characteristic and the third NW delay characteristic, the third RAN delay characteristic being a delay characteristic in a third RAN section that includes at least one third (R)AN in a third communication path that includes a third terminal device, the third (R)AN,A third CN and the application device and the third NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a third NW section that includes at least part of a path that excludes the third (R)AN in the third communication path.

11. Information processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit adds the additional delay to the transmission signal according to a third difference between a third NW delay characteristic and a fourth NW delay characteristic, Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 114 / 144 4 / 10 the third NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a third NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the first RAN section and the first NW section in the first communication path and the fourth NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a fourth NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the second RAN section and the second NW section in the second communication path.

12. Terminal device, characterized in that it comprises: a communication unit that receives a transmission signal to which an additional delay is added according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic, wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (R)AN in a first communication path that includes a terminal device, the first (R)AN, a first CN and an application device, the second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN,a second CN and the application device, the first NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path and the second NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path.

13. Terminal device according to claim 12, characterized in that it further comprises a control unit that performs processing based on the transmission signal at a specific execution time, in a case where the execution time of the transmission signal is designated.

14. Terminal device according to claim 13, characterized in that the control unit performs processing after receiving the transmission signal in a case where the execution time of the transmission signal is not designated and performs processing after waiting for the execution time after receiving the transmission signal in a case where the execution time is designated.

15. Base station, characterized in that it comprises: a communication unit that transmits a transmission signal to which an additional delay according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic is added to a first terminal device and / or an application device, wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (R)AN in a first communication path that includes the first terminal device, the first (R)AN, a first CN and the application device,The second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN, and the application device; the first NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path; and the second NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path.

16. Communication system, characterized in that it comprises: a first terminal device; an application device that communicates with the first terminal device; a base station that transmits a transmission signal to the first terminal device and / or application device; and an information processing device that includes a control unit that adds an additional delay to the transmission signal according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic, wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (R)AN in a first communication path that includes a first terminal device, the first (R)AN,a first CN and the application device, the second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN and the application device, the first NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path and the second NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path.

17. Information processing method, characterized in that it comprises: adding an additional delay to a transmission signal to be transmitted to a first terminal device and / or an application device according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic, wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (R)AN in a first communication path that includes the first terminal device, the first (R)AN, a first CN and the application device,The second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN, and the application device; the first NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path; and Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 118 / 144 8 / 10 the second NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path.

18. A communication method characterized in that it comprises: receiving, from a terminal device, a transmission signal to which an additional delay is added according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic, wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (R)AN in a first communication path that includes the terminal device, the first (R)AN, a first CN and an application device, the second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN and the application device,The first NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path, and the second NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path.

19. Communication method, characterized in that it comprises: transmitting a transmission signal to which an additional delay Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 119 / 144 9 / 10 according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic is added to a first terminal device and / or an application device, wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (R)AN in a first communication path that includes the first terminal device, the first (R)AN, a first CN and the application device,The second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN, and the application device; the first NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path; and the second NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path.

20. A communication method in a communication system that includes a first terminal device, an application device that communicates with the first terminal device, a base station that transmits a transmission signal to the first terminal device and / or the application device, and an information processing device, wherein the communication method is characterized by the fact that it comprises: by means of the information processing device, Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 120 / 144 10 / 10 adding an additional delay to the transmission signal according to a first difference between a first RAN delay characteristic and a second RAN delay characteristic and / or a second difference between a first NW delay characteristic and a second NW delay characteristic,wherein the first RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first RAN section that includes at least one first (R)AN in a first communication path that includes a first terminal device, the first (R)AN, a first CN, and the application device; the second RAN delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second RAN section that includes at least one second (R)AN in a second communication path that includes a second terminal device, the second (R)AN, a second CN, and the application device.The first NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a first NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the first (R)AN in the first communication path, and the second NW delay characteristic is a delay characteristic in a second NW section that includes at least a portion of a path that excludes the second (R)AN in the second communication path. Petition 870250080959, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 121 / 144.

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