DISPOSIÇÃO INTRODUZIDA EM ELETRODO BIPOLAR PARA RESSECÇÃO

Description

1 / 16 DISPOSITION INTRODUCED IN A BIPOLAR ELECTRODE FOR RESECTION. FIELD OF CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT [1] The present constructive arrangement, belonging to the field of human needs, more specifically in the branch of surgical instruments, refers to a model of electrode applied in a bipolar resectoscope, used in bipolar resection by physicians, and to which an original constructive arrangement has been given, given that the electrode consists of a base equipped with a fitting at the bottom that can be coupled to a bipolar resectoscope and whose front rods are electronically connected to the sides of a trapezoidal-quadrangular shaped electrode with rounded corners, preferably composed of conductive metallic or cermet material, with high thermal stability and mechanical resistance, examples of which include, but are not limited to, tungsten alloys, tungsten carbide, stainless steel and nickel-based alloys, capable of conducting high-frequency electric current without thermal degradation. FUNDAMENTALS OF CONSTRUCTIONAL LAYOUT [2] Electrosurgery is a technology that has developed rapidly in recent years and has become an instrument of great importance in modern surgery. Most equipment is considered safe, although there are risks associated with its use. [3] Electrosurgery and the use of electrocautery are distinct entities. In electrocautery, electric current is used to heat the filament at the tip of the cautery. The electric current returns through the same path, therefore not passing through the Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, page 5 / 21 2 / 16 patient. Heat is transmitted directly to the tissue in order to obtain therapeutic effects. In electrosurgery, the electric current is produced by a generator, reaches the patient's body through an active electrode, acting on the target tissues, and exits through the neutral electrode. This electric current, upon encountering the resistance of human tissue, is transformed into heat. The heat produced determines the therapeutic effects, whether cutting or coagulation. The tip of the active electrode does not heat up. When the neutral electrode is distant from the active electrode, in the form of a plate, we have a monopolar system. In the bipolar system, the positive electrode and the neutral electrode are separated by a small distance, limiting the flow of electric current. [4] Electrosurgery, or diathermy, has been widely and successfully used in surgical procedures. However, electric current is governed by a complex set of physical laws that determine the path the current will take, which can be undesirable and harmful. In open surgery, the surgeon has excellent visualization of the device that transmits the electric current to the body, as well as of the human tissues involved, which is not fully the case in laparoscopic surgery. Significant abdominal injuries are reported in videolaparoscopic surgery, especially when certain resources are used, such as electrocoagulation, for example. The incidence of such injuries is around one to two cases per thousand surgeries when the monopolar system is used. These can be intestinal burns, even transmural burns, which generally manifest themselves 3 to 7 days later. Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, page 6 / 21 3 / 16 after surgery, but the causes are speculative, so the diagnosis is late. The likely etiological mechanisms of these lesions are, therefore, direct connection, connection by capacitance effect, and insulation defects, all involving the diversion of electrical current from its circuit. The bipolar system virtually eliminates such mechanisms. The electrical energy provided by the bipolar electrode demonstrably produces more superficial and localized thermal lesions than the monopolar electrode. This characteristic may be fundamental in the use of electrosurgery in various types of procedures, such as those performed on hollow structures or near delicate and noble structures. [5] In turn, electrosurgery, also called diathermy, is based on the following principle: an electric current, when passing through human tissue, produces no other effect than the formation of heat. A current of electrons, when passing through a cell, encounters some resistance. Intracellular ions, in response to the passage of electrons, collide with each other and against intracellular organelles. This collision produces heat. If the heating is slow and weak, the heat produced inside the cell will cause water evaporation and a decrease in cell volume, constituting the therapeutic effect of coagulation. On the other hand, if the heating is rapid and strong, the cell membrane will explode, with evaporation of the intracellular contents, constituting the therapeutic effect of cutting. [6] In electrosurgery, the density of the electric current is the Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, page 7 / 21 4 / 16 most important factor. In fact, the temperature rise in the tissue is proportional to the square of the density of the electric current passing through it. In the monopolar system, the density of the current transmitted by the active electrode is high, producing electrosurgical effects. This density decreases when the current is transmitted to the neutral electrode, making the current more dispersed in order to avoid significant thermal effects and prevent burns. According to Joule's law, the amount of energy produced is proportional to the amount of current passing through the tissue resistance. The resistance of human tissues depends fundamentally on their amount of water and blood vessels. Adipose tissue and bone tissue have higher resistance than skin and muscle tissue. In order for heat production to occur, the electric current must encounter resistance. The greater the resistance to the passage of electrons, the greater the amount of heat produced.The temperature increase is directly proportional to the square of the electric current's intensity and the amount of tissue resistance, and inversely proportional to the surface area in contact with the current. Thus, if the current intensity is doubled, the heat produced will be four times greater. [7] The human body also has an electrical system, namely the nervous system, which is electrical and low-frequency. Low-frequency electrical currents, in contact with human tissue, stimulate the nervous tissue. The stimulated nervous tissue causes contraction of the muscle tissue. However, as the Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, page 8 / 21 5 / 16 As the frequency of the electric current increases, the sensitivity of the nerve tissue decreases. Electric currents above 10,000 cycles per second no longer stimulate nerve tissue. Thus, high-frequency electric currents are used in electrosurgery. However, very high-frequency, or ultra-high-frequency, electric currents should be avoided, as they can have unpredictable, erratic behavior, with the possibility of loss of system effectiveness, and also with the risk of producing undesirable burns, either for the patient or for the surgeon. In electrosurgery, the frequency of the electric current is between 300 kHz and 1.5 MHz. [8] Bipolar diathermy has been used for over four decades in open surgical procedures. Bipolar electrodes consist of two electrodes separated by a short distance. This arrangement eliminates the long path of high-frequency electrical current from the active electrode to the distant dispersive electrode, which occurs in the monopolar system. The two closely spaced electrodes limit the flow of electrical current to a small amount of human tissue. GOGATE & JOSHI performed 2006 tubal sterilization surgeries between 1981 and 1992 using the bipolar electrosurgical system. The failure rate was 0.2%. There were no cases of bladder or bowel injury, electric shock, application of electrical energy to incorrect structures, or significant bleeding from the sterilization site requiring laparotomy. [9] The monopolar system, due to its ease of use, has been, Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, page 9 / 21 6 / 16 Since the beginning of videolaparoscopy, the diathermy system has been the preferred and most widely used by surgeons. In the 1970s, there were several reports of unexplained intra-abdominal injuries, some leading to death, following the use of the monopolar system in laparoscopic tubal sterilization surgeries. In 1981, due to such complications, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) The United States Consumer Protection Code (CDC) advised abandoning the monopolar system, recommending the use of the bipolar system or mechanical devices for sterilization.

[10] The bipolar system eliminates the distant dispersive electrode, thus eliminating potential complications related to its use, such as skin burns and loss of system effectiveness. The direct connection of high-frequency current to metallic instruments, insulation defects in the active electrode, and electrical current deviations caused by the capacitance linkage phenomenon, which constitute potential problems related to the use of the monopolar diathermy system, are also eliminated with bipolar diathermy. Capacitance linkage is probably eliminated by the cancellation of the current wave. There is no possibility of sparking, which constitutes a potential problem in the use of monopolar diathermy. The possibility of intestinal thermal injury resulting from the use of bipolar electrosurgery is minimal; it would be necessary to clamp the tissue with the simultaneous activation of electrical energy.Even if this occurs, it is unlikely that it would go unnoticed, thus allowing for action to be taken. Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, page 10 / 21 7 / 16 immediate therapies (source: http: / / dx.doi.org / 10.1590 / S0102- 86501998000300010).

[11] Endoscopic resection of the prostate, for example, is a surgical procedure that aims to remove fragments of the prostate through the urethra. It is most often performed on men who have urethral obstruction. General anesthesia is not necessary in the vast majority of cases. The procedure can be performed with spinal anesthesia only. At the end of the operation, the patient will leave the operating table carrying a catheter. It will remain with him for two days. Its purpose is to prevent the accumulation of clots inside the bladder. There are risks, although relatively small, of the procedure causing impotence and urinary incontinence. There is a greater chance of a decrease in the amount of sperm at the time of ejaculation since some of it will go into the bladder (http: / / www.doctoralia.com.br / provamedica / resseccao+endoscopica+da+prostata-14666).

[12] An endoscope is inserted into the urethra, and the surgeon removes the entire central region of the prostate without the need for a surgical incision (no cuts). Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) usually relieves symptoms quickly, and most men have a stronger urine flow soon after the procedure. Currently, we perform this procedure with a bipolar endoscope, promoting greater safety and effectiveness. After TURP, a catheter may be temporarily needed to drain the bladder; normally, at the time of hospital discharge, the bladder catheter is Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, page 11 / 21 8 / 16 removed (SOURCE: http: / / urologiamoderna.com.br / features / laser-ertu-prostata / ).

[13] 0 bipolar resectoscope is a device used in bipolar resection by physicians, which allows controlled cutting and application of energy to the tissue. This device uses resection electrodes, which are designed to be used in endoscopes with appropriate working element and general-purpose monopolar electrosurgical generators.

[14] There are several models of resection electrodes. For example, US patent 5,810,764A describes an electrosurgical resection instrument having a resection loop electrode at the distal end of a shaft and coupled to a high-frequency voltage source. The resection loop electrode is configured to fit within a working end of a resectoscope and to remove small portions of tissue. The resection loop electrode includes an active portion with a surface geometry configured to promote high electric field intensities and associated current densities between the active portion and the target site when a high-frequency voltage is applied to the electrode. The edges of the electrode are oriented substantially parallel to the shaft so that they will face the tissue as the electrode is moved axially in the cutting direction.This orientation facilitates the formation of a vapor layer between the edges of the electrode and the tissue. The opposite or non-active side of the electrode may include an insulating layer to selectively reduce current flow. Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, p. 12 / 21 9 / 16 undesirable from the non-active portion to the surrounding electrically conditioned tissue or fluids.

[15] Document BR2020190249620 of 27.11.2019 teaches a model of electrode containing a loop applied in a bipolar resectoscope, used in bipolar resection by physicians, and to which an original constructive arrangement has been given, since the electrode consists of a base equipped inferiorly with a fitting attachable to a bipolar resectoscope and frontally with a double duct from whose outlets project pairs of upper and lower electrodes, the upper ones being integral to a semicircular loop, while the lower ones are integral to a sinuous, M-shaped loop with rounded corners. Document US11071580B2 of 26.09.2018 teaches a set of electrodes that includes a proximal end adapted for connection to an electrosurgical instrument, which comprises a body that defines a longitudinal axis along its length and an electrosurgical power source.One distal end includes a loop-shaped cutting electrode designed for cutting tissue. The distal end also includes a return electrode disposed adjacent to the cutting electrode. A dielectric shield is disposed between the cutting electrode and the return electrode. The dielectric shield extends distally beyond the cutting electrode so as to impede current flow to the return electrode when the dielectric shield, the cutting electrode, and the return electrode are submerged in a conductive solution and the cutting electrode is energized, thus concentrating the density. Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, page 13 / 21 10 / 16 current at the cutting electrode. Other documents such as US9,456,862B2, WO2008 / 039,746A2 and WO1998 / 027,882A1 illustrate other types and formats of resection electrodes.

[16] Documents US2005 / 251,134A1, US7,429,262B2, US7,704,249B2 and US2001 / 025,177A1 cite electrosurgical systems and methods for ablation, resection, or cutting of body structures with minimal or no damage to tissue adjacent to the treatment site. The system includes an electrosurgical probe with a shaft with a distal end bifurcated to provide first and second arms. The first and second electrode holders are arranged on the first and second arms, respectively. At least one active electrode, in the form of a loop or partial loop, is arranged between the first and second electrode holders. A return electrode, also in the form of a loop or partial loop, is arranged between the first and second electrode holders distal to the active electrode.The active and return electrodes are configured to promote substantially high electric field strengths and associated high current densities between the active portion and the target site when a high-frequency voltage is applied to the electrodes. These high current densities are sufficient to break down tissue through processes including the molecular dissociation of tissue components. In one embodiment, the high-frequency voltage transmits energy to the target site to effect vaporization and volumetric removal of a tissue layer without causing substantial damage to the tissue beyond the tissue layer. Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, page 14 / 21 11 / 16 ablated. In another embodiment, a fragment of the target tissue is removed, with minimal or no damage to the surrounding tissue, by a process that includes the molecular dissociation of tissue components, and the tissue fragment is recovered for biopsy.

[17] However, for certain bipolar resection applications, it is necessary to design electrodes with tips with geometric configurations, dimensions and materials that are specially selected, capable of allowing their efficient application in smaller caliber resectoscopes, given that the use of larger diameter instruments, such as 26 French (« 8.7 mm), presents significant clinical, surgical and operational limitations.

[18] In fact, such larger caliber instruments cause greater aggression to the tissues, require more frequent prior dilation, increase the incidence of postoperative pain, increase the risk of bleeding and contribute to the prolongation of the intervention time, compromising the safety, comfort of the patient and the overall efficiency of the procedure, which highlights the technical demand for innovative constructive solutions capable of reducing the diameter of the instruments without loss of functional performance. SUMMARY OF THE CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT

[19] Considering these and other diverse aspects and needs of the technical field, and seeking to apply the experience gained in the practice of manufacturing electrodes for bipolar resection, the inventor developed the present constructive arrangement, designing a model of electrode applied in a resectoscope. Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, page 15 / 21 12 / 16 bipolar, used in bipolar resection by physicians, and which has been given an original constructive arrangement, since the electrode consists of a base equipped at the bottom with a fitting that can be attached to a bipolar resectoscope and whose front arms are electronically connected to the sides of a trapezoidal-quadrangular shaped electrode with rounded corners, preferably composed of metallic material or conductive cermet, with high thermal stability and mechanical resistance, examples of which include, but are not limited to, tungsten alloys, tungsten carbide, stainless steel and nickel-based alloys, capable of conducting high-frequency electric current without thermal degradation.

[20] More specifically, said rounded-corner trapezoidal electrode preferably has a width and length between 7 and 12 French (between 2.3 mm and 4.0 mm), more preferably around 9 French (approximately 3.0 mm), as well as a thickness between 2.5 and 5 French (between 0.83 mm and 1.67 mm), more preferably around 3.5 French (approximately 1.17 mm). It should be noted that the French (Fr) measurement is a unit used to indicate the external diameter of medical instruments, especially catheters, probes, drains and tubes, where 1 French (1 Fr) = 0.33 mm.

[21] In this way, it becomes feasible to manufacture a bipolar electrode suitable for insertion into a mini-resectoscope device of approximately 18.5 French, enabling a substantially less invasive and less traumatic introduction during the surgical procedure. Due to the reduced diameter of Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, page 16 / 21 With this 13 / 16 instrument, dilation of the cervical canal is eliminated, resulting in a significant reduction in discomfort and pain in the patient's postoperative period.

[22] The constructive arrangement now proposed is totally different and allows its use in bipolar resection in TURP procedures for intrauterine fibroids and other endoscopic procedures where the surgeon needs a bloodless surgery.

[23] It is therefore understandable that the accessory presented here is extremely simple in its construction, and therefore easy to manufacture, yet excellent practical and functional results are obtained, offering a different construction compared to known resection electrodes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[24] Next, for a better understanding and comprehension of how the DISPOSITION INTRODUCED IN BIPOLAR ELECTRODE FOR RESECTION, which is claimed here, is constituted, the attached illustrative drawings are presented, where one can see:

[25] FIG. 1 - Shows a bottom perspective view of the resection electrode, the subject of this patent.

[26] FIG. 2 - Shows a cross-sectional and perspective view of the tip of the resection electrode.

[27] FIG. 3 - Shows a top view of the resection electrode.

[28] FIG. 4 - Shows a side view of the resection electrode. Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, p. 17 / 21 14 / 16

[29] It should be noted that these figures are merely representative and may present variations, provided they do not deviate from what was initially required. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT

[30] According to figure 1, the electrode used in a bipolar resectoscope, applicable in bipolar resection by means of controlled cutting and application of energy to the tissue, comprises a longitudinal body (1) preferably metallic containing an internal conductive element (2) preferably made of stainless steel, arranged longitudinally inside the body (1), responsible for conducting the high-frequency electric current, being coated with an insulator (3), preferably made of medical-grade polymeric material, intended to house the internal conductor (2) and provide electrical insulation with the longitudinal body (1).The posterior end of the inner conductor (2) has a proximal connector or contact pin, configured for electrical coupling to the working element of bipolar resectoscopes, while the longitudinal body (1) has an intermediate stabilizing structure (4), configured to provide mechanical rigidity, axial alignment and resistance to bending by the insertion of the bipolar resectoscope endoscope.

[31] From the front end of the longitudinal body (1) projects a metallic distal bifurcation (5), from which two rods (6) extend, so that the front end of the internal conductive element (2) provided with insulation (3), when entering the metallic distal bifurcation (5) meets and electrically bonds to the ends Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, page 18 / 21 15 / 16 previous conductive segments (7) characterized by being preferably made of tungsten alloy, in turn surrounded by respective insulators (8) and inserted within the respective rods (6), and whose front ends connect to the sides of the electrode (9), of trapezoidal-quadrangular shape with rounded corners, intended for simultaneous vaporization and tissue coagulation in bipolar endoscopic procedures.

[32] The electrode (9) is preferably composed of conductive metallic or cermet material, endowed with high thermal stability and mechanical resistance, such as, without limitation, tungsten alloys, tungsten carbide, stainless steel and nickel-based alloys. More specifically, said electrode (9) has a width and length between 7 and 12 French, more preferably around 9 French, and a thickness between 2.5 and 5 French, more preferably around 3.5 French. This geometric configuration provides better vaporization efficiency, superior hemostasis, reduced tissue trauma, less intraoperative bleeding and decreased postoperative pain, when compared to other conventional bipolar electrode models.

[33] Thus, when high-frequency electrical current is applied to the subsequent electrical contacts, energy is concentrated in the electrode, promoting heating of the target tissue.

[34] This descriptive report therefore dealt with a design for an electrode used in a bipolar resectoscope, as we were able to demonstrate through the analysis carried out and Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, pages 19 / 21 16 / 16 according to the figures shown, numerous differences are observed compared to conventional electrode models available on the consumer market, in addition to completely different constructive and functional technical characteristics from those pertinent to the state of the art.

[35] Because of the advantages it offers, and also because it has peculiar characteristics that fulfill all the requirements of novelty and originality in the genre, the present DISPOSITION INTRODUCED IN BIPOLAR ELECTRODE FOR RESECTION meets the necessary conditions to deserve protection as a Utility Model.

[36] Obviously, it will be perceived that while the above has been described by way of illustrative example, all other modifications and variations made to this constructive arrangement, in the form that would be apparent to those skilled in the art, are considered within the broad scope and reach of this Utility Model, as per the claims below. Petition 870260053356, dated 02 / 06 / 2026, page 20 / 21

Claims

1 / 2 CLAIM [1]. ARRANGEMENT INTRODUCED IN BIPOLAR ELECTRODE FOR RESECTION, of the type employed in bipolar resectoscopes for endoscopic surgical procedures, comprising a longitudinal body (1) preferably metallic containing an internal conductive element (2) preferably of stainless steel, arranged longitudinally inside the body (1), responsible for conducting high-frequency electric current, being coated with an insulator (3), preferably made of medical-grade polymeric material, intended to house the internal conductor (2) and provide electrical insulation with the longitudinal body (1);the posterior end of the inner conductor (2) has a proximal connector or contact pin, configured for electrical coupling to the working element of bipolar resectoscopes, while the longitudinal body (1) has an intermediate stabilizing structure (4), configured to provide mechanical rigidity, axial alignment and resistance to bending by the insertion of the bipolar resectoscope endoscope;From the front end of the longitudinal body (1) projects a metallic distal bifurcation (5), from which two rods (6) derive, so that the front end of the internal conductive element (2) provided with insulation (3), upon entering the metallic distal bifurcation (5) meets and electrically bonds to the front ends of conductive segments (7) characterized by being preferably made of tungsten alloy, in turn surrounded by respective insulators (8) and inserted within the respective rods (6), and whose front ends are Petition 870260029667, of 03 / 30 / 2026, p. 8 / 27; 2 / 2 connect the sides of the electrode (9), which is trapezoidal-quadrangular in shape with rounded corners; the electrode (9) is preferably made of conductive metallic or cermet material with high thermal stability and mechanical strength, such as, but not limited to, tungsten alloys, tungsten carbide, stainless steel and nickel-based alloys; more specifically, said electrode (9) has a width and length between 7 and 12 French, more preferably around 9 French, and a thickness between 2.5 and 5 French, more preferably around 3.5 French. Petition 870260029667, dated 03 / 30 / 2026, page 9 / 27

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