Organic light emitting device

Abstract

The present application relates to an organic light emitting device and a flat panel display apparatus, the organic light emitting device comprising: a charge generation layer between two adjacent emission units, the charge generation layer comprising an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer, wherein at least one of the n-type charge generation layer and the p-type charge generation layer comprises a first inorganic material selected from a post-transition metal, a metalloid, a compound comprising a post-transition metal, a compound comprising a metalloid, a compound comprising a post-transition metal and a metalloid, and combinations thereof, the post-transition metal is at least one selected from Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, Pb, Fl, Bi, and Po, the metalloid is at least one selected from B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, and At, and when the post-transition metal is at least one selected from Al, In, and Pb, the first inorganic material is a compound comprising a post-transition metal and a metalloid.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0003181, filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on January 9, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] One or more aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure relate to organic light-emitting devices. Background Technology

[0004] Organic light-emitting devices are self-emitting devices that produce full-color images and also have wide viewing angles, high contrast and short response times, as well as excellent characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage and / or response speed.

[0005] An organic light-emitting device may include a first electrode on a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emitter layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode sequentially positioned on the first electrode. Holes supplied by the first electrode can move towards the emitter layer through the hole transport region, and electrons supplied by the second electrode can move towards the emitter layer through the electron transport region. Charge carriers such as holes and electrons recombine in the emitter layer to generate excitons. These excitons transition from an excited state to the ground state, thereby generating light. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One or more aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure relate to organic light-emitting devices having low driving voltage, high efficiency, and long lifespan.

[0007] Other aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practice of the embodiments presented in this disclosure.

[0008] According to the implementation plan, an organic light-emitting device is provided, including: a first electrode,

[0009] The second electrode facing the first electrode.

[0010] m emission units stacked between the first electrode and the second electrode, each including at least one emission layer, and

[0011] m-1 charge generation layers between two adjacent emitter units in the m emitter units, each of the m-1 charge generation layers comprising an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer.

[0012] Where m is an integer of 2 or greater than 2.

[0013] at least one of the m-1 n-type charge generation layers and the m-1 p-type charge generation layers comprises a first inorganic material selected from the group consisting of a post-transition metal, a metalloid, a compound comprising two or more post-transition metals, a compound comprising two or more metalloids, a compound comprising a post-transition metal and a metalloid, and combinations thereof,

[0014] the post-transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), fermium (Fl), bismuth (Bi), and polonium (Po),

[0015] the metalloid is at least one selected from the group consisting of boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), and astatine (At), and

[0016] when the post-transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, In, and Pb, the first inorganic material is the compound comprising a post-transition metal and a metalloid.

[0017] According to another embodiment, there is provided a flat panel display device, comprising: a thin film transistor including a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer; and the organic light emitting device, wherein the first electrode of the organic light emitting device is electrically coupled with one selected from the group consisting of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0019] Figures 1 to 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light emitting device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 5 is a measurement graph of current density (mA / cm2) according to driving voltage (V) of the organic light emitting devices manufactured according to Example 1 to Example 6 and Comparative Example 1; 2 ) of the organic light emitting devices manufactured according to Example 1 to Example 6 and Comparative Example 1;

[0021] Figure 6 is a measurement graph of maximum emission wavelength of the organic light emitting devices manufactured according to Example 1 to Example 6 and Comparative Example 1; and

[0022] Figure 7 and Figure 8 is a measurement graph of conductivity of the organic light emitting devices manufactured according to Example 7 to Example 17.

[0023] Figure 9is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments can have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the following description sets forth, in connection with the drawings, merely examples of implementations, which are described in conjunction with the drawings. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Throughout the disclosure, the expression "at least one of a, b, and c" means only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof. Expressions such as "at least one of (a), (b), and (c)", "one of (a), (b), and (c)", and "selected from the group consisting of" when preceding the list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. Also, the use of "may" when describing embodiments of the present disclosure means "one or more implementations of the present disclosure".

[0025] According to an embodiment, there is provided an organic light emitting device, comprising: a first electrode;

[0026] a second electrode facing the first electrode;

[0027] m emission units stacked between the first electrode and the second electrode and each comprising at least one emission layer; and

[0028] m-1 charge generation layers between two adjacent emission units, each of the charge generation layers comprising one n-type charge generation layer and one p-type charge generation layer,

[0029] wherein m can be 2 or an integer greater than 2,

[0030] At least one of the m-1 number of n-type charge generation layers and the m-1 number of p-type charge generation layers can comprise a first inorganic material selected from a post-transition metal, a metalloid, a compound comprising two or more post-transition metals, a compound comprising two or more metalloids, a compound comprising a post-transition metal and a metalloid, and any combination thereof,

[0031] The post-transition metal can be at least one selected from aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), fermium (Fl), bismuth (Bi), and polonium (Po),

[0032] The metalloid can be at least one selected from the group consisting of boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), and astatine (At), and

[0033] When the post-transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, In, and Pb, the first inorganic material can be a compound including the post-transition metal and the metalloid.

[0034] <Method for evaluating work function>

[0035] The material was spin-coated on an ITO substrate to form a thin film of 50 nm, and then heat-treated at 200°C for 5 minutes on a hot plate in air, and the work function was evaluated. The instrument used for evaluation was UPS (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy).

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. As Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 1, the organic light emitting device 10 according to an embodiment can include a first electrode 110, a second electrode 190 facing the first electrode 110, m number of emission units 153 stacked between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 190, and m-1 number of charge generation layers 155 between two adjacent emission units among the m number of emission units 153, each of the charge generation layers 155 including one n-type charge generation layer 155' and one p-type charge generation layer 155".

[0037] The emission unit of the m number of emission units 153 is not particularly limited as long as the emission unit has a function capable of emitting light. For example, the emission unit can include at least one emission layer. In some embodiments, the emission unit can further include an organic layer in addition to the emission layer.

[0038] The organic light emitting device 10 can include m number of stacked emission units 153, and m can be 2 or an integer greater than 2. m, which is the number of emission units, can be selected as needed, and the maximum number of emission units is not particularly limited. For example, the organic light emitting device can include two, three, four, or five emission units.

[0039] In one or more embodiments, a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from at least one of the m emission units can be different from a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from at least one of the other (remaining) emission units. For example, in an organic light emitting device in which a first emission unit and a second emission unit are stacked, a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the first emission unit can be different from a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the second emission unit. In this regard, the emission layer in the first emission unit and the second emission unit can each independently include i) a single layer structure including (e.g., consisting of) a single layer comprising (e.g., consisting of) a single material, ii) a single layer structure including (e.g., consisting of) a single layer comprising (e.g., consisting of) a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers comprising (e.g., consisting of) a plurality of different materials. Thus, light emitted from the first emission unit or the second emission unit can be monochromatic light or mixed color light. In one or more embodiments, in an organic light emitting device in which a first emission unit, a second emission unit, and a third emission unit are stacked, a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the first emission unit can be the same as a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the second emission unit, but can be different from a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the third emission unit. In some embodiments, the maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the first emission unit, the maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the second emission unit, and the maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the third emission unit can each be different from one another.

[0040] In one or more embodiments, the maximum emission wavelengths of light respectively emitted from the m emission units can each be independently selected to be about 370 nm to about 780 nm. For example, the maximum emission wavelengths of light respectively emitted from the m emission units can each be independently selected to be about 370 nm to about 500 nm, about 500 nm to about 580 nm, or about 580 nm to about 780 nm.

[0041] In one or more embodiments, the maximum emission wavelengths of light respectively emitted from the m emission units can each be independently selected to be about 370 nm to about 780 nm. For example, the maximum emission wavelengths of light respectively emitted from the m emission units can each be independently selected to be about 370 nm to about 500 nm, about 500 nm to about 580 nm, or about 580 nm to about 780 nm.

[0042] The organic light emitting device 10 can include a charge generation layer 155 between two adjacent emission units 153 among the m emission units 153, where the term "adjacent" refers to an arrangement relationship between layers that are described as being adjacent to each other. For example, two adjacent emission units refers to an arrangement relationship between two emission units that are located closest to each other among a plurality of emission units. In some cases, "adjacent" can refer to a case where two layers are in physical contact with each other, or a case where another layer (which can not be described) can be located between the two layers. For example, an emission unit adjacent to a second electrode refers to an emission unit that is located closest to the second electrode among a plurality of emission units. In some embodiments, the second electrode can be in physical contact with the emission unit, but in other embodiments, other layers can be located between the second electrode and the emission unit. For example, an electron transport layer can be located between the second electrode and the emission unit. However, a charge generation layer can be located between two adjacent emission units.

[0043] The charge generation layer is a layer that functions as a cathode with respect to one of the two adjacent emission units by generating electrons, and functions as an anode with respect to the other of the two adjacent emission units by generating holes, and the charge generation layer refers to a layer that is not directly connected to an electrode, but separates adjacent emission units. An organic light emitting device including m emission units can include m-1 charge generation layers.

[0044] The charge generation layer 155 can include an n-type charge generation layer 155' and a p-type charge generation layer 155". In this regard, the n-type charge generation layer 155' and the p-type charge generation layer 155" can be in direct contact with each other to form an N-P junction. Due to the N-P junction, electrons and holes can be simultaneously (or in parallel) generated between the n-type charge generation layer 155' and the p-type charge generation layer 155". The generated electrons can be transferred to one of the two adjacent emission units via the n-type charge generation layer 155'. The generated holes can be transferred to the other of the two adjacent emission units via the p-type charge generation layer 155". Furthermore, when the charge generation layer 155 each includes one n-type charge generation layer 155' and one p-type charge generation layer 155", the organic light emitting device 10 including m-1 charge generation layers 155 can include m-1 number of n-type charge generation layers 155' and m-1 number of p-type charge generation layers 155".

[0045] "n-type" refers to n-type semiconductor characteristics, for example, electron injection characteristics or electron transport characteristics. "p-type" refers to p-type semiconductor characteristics, for example, hole injection characteristics or hole transport characteristics.

[0046] At least one of the m-1 number of n-type charge generation layers 155' and the m-1 number of p-type charge generation layers 155" includes a first inorganic material selected from a post-transition metal, a metalloid, a compound including two or more post-transition metals, a compound including two or more metalloids, a compound including a post-transition metal and a metalloid, and any combination thereof.

[0047] For example, the compound including two or more post-transition metals can be an alloy including two or more post-transition metals. For example, the compound including two or more post-transition metals can be a compound consisting of two or more post-transition metals.

[0048] For example, the compound including two or more metalloids can be an alloy including two or more metalloids. For example, the compound including two or more metalloids can be a compound consisting of two or more metalloids.

[0049] For example, the compound including a post-transition metal and a metalloid can be an alloy including a post-transition metal and a metalloid. For example, the compound including a post-transition metal and a metalloid can be a compound consisting of a post-transition metal and a metalloid.

[0050] In one or more embodiments, at least one of the m-1 number of p-type charge generation layers 155" can include the first inorganic material.

[0051] In one or more embodiments, the first inorganic material can be at least one selected from a compound including two or more metalloids and a compound including a post-transition metal and a metalloid.

[0052] In one or more embodiments, when the first inorganic material is the compound including a post-transition metal and a metalloid, a composition ratio of the post-transition metal and the metalloid can be about 50: 1 to about 1: 50. For example, the composition ratio of the post-transition metal and the metalloid can be about 20: 1 to about 1: 20. For example, the composition ratio of the post-transition metal and the metalloid can be about 10: 1 to about 1: 10. For example, the composition ratio of the post-transition metal and the metalloid can be about 5: 1 to about 1: 10. For example, the composition ratio of the post-transition metal and the metalloid can be about 4: 1 to about 1: 8. For example, the composition ratio of the post-transition metal and the metalloid can be about 3: 1 to about 1: 6. For example, the composition ratio of the post-transition metal and the metalloid can be about 2: 1 to about 1: 4. For example, the composition ratio of the post-transition metal and the metalloid can be about 2: 1 to about 1: 2.

[0053] For example, when the first inorganic material is a compound including a post-transition metal and a metalloid, the amount of the metalloid in the first inorganic material can be greater than or equal to the amount of the post-transition metal in the first inorganic material.

[0054] In one or more embodiments, the absolute value of the work function of the first inorganic material can be about 3.0 eV or greater than 3.0 eV. For example, the absolute value of the work function of the first inorganic material can be about 3.5 eV or greater than 3.5 eV. For example, the absolute value of the work function of the first inorganic material can be about 4.0 eV or greater than 4.0 eV.

[0055] The post-transition metal can be at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), flerovium (Fl), bismuth (Bi), and polonium (Po).

[0056] In one or more embodiments, the post-transition metal can be at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, Pb, Fl, and Bi.

[0057] For example, the post-transition metal can be any combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, Pb, Fl, and Bi, and the post-transition metal selected from any combination thereof can be included in a compound including two or more post-transition metals or a compound including a post-transition metal and a metalloid.

[0058] In one or more embodiments, the metalloid can be at least one selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te.

[0059] For example, the metalloid can be any combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te, and the metalloid selected from any combination thereof can be included in a compound including two or more metalloids or a compound including a post-transition metal and a metalloid.

[0060] In one or more embodiments, the first inorganic material can be selected from the group consisting of Bi2Te3, Bi7Te3, Bi2Te, Bi4Te3, BiTe, Bi6Te7, Bi4Te5, Bi x Te y (0 < x < 100, 0 < y < 100, 0 < x + y ≤ 100), Sb2Te3, In2Te3, Ga2Te2, Al2Te3, Tl2Te3, As2Te3, GeSbTe, SnTe, PbTe, SiTe, GeTe, FlTe, SiGe, AlInSb, AlGaSb, AlAsSb, GaAs, InSb, AlSb, AlAs, Al aIn a Sb (0 < a < 1), Al b In (1-b) Sb (0 < b < 1), AlSb, GaSb, and at least one of AlInGaAs.

[0061] For example, the first inorganic material can be selected from the group consisting of Bi2Te3, Bi7Te3, Bi2Te, Bi4Te3, BiTe, Bi6Te7, Bi4Te5, and Bi x Te y at least one of (0 < x < 100, 0 < y < 100, 0 < x + y ≤ 100).

[0062] In one or more embodiments, the thermal evaporation temperature of the first inorganic material can be about 1,500°C or less than 1,500°C. For example, the thermal evaporation temperature of the first inorganic material can be about 70°C to about 1,500°C. For example, the thermal evaporation temperature of the first inorganic material can be about 70°C to about 1,000°C. For example, the thermal evaporation temperature of the first inorganic material can be about 100°C to about 1,000°C. For example, the thermal evaporation temperature of the first inorganic material can be about 100°C to about 700°C. For example, the thermal evaporation temperature of the first inorganic material can be about 250°C to about 550°C.

[0063] In one or more embodiments, the material for the m-1 number of n-type charge generation layers 155' is not particularly limited, and can be any suitable material that can be contained in an n-type charge generation layer. For example, the n-type charge generation layer 155' can contain a metal-free compound containing at least one ring containing a nitrogen having a deficient π electron, a compound represented by Formula 601, a metal, a metal oxide, a metal carbide, a metal halide, or any mixture thereof:

[0064] Formula 601

[0065] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21 .

[0066] In Formula 601,

[0067] Ar 601 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0068] xe11may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0069] L601 may be selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 heteroarylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups and substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic groups,

[0070] xe1may be an integer from 0 to 5,

[0071] R 601 may be selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylthio groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic groups, -Si(Q 601 )(Q 602 )(Q 603 ), -C(=O)(Q 601 ), -S(=O)2(Q 601 ), and -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ),

[0072] Q 601 to Q 603 may each independently be a C1-C 10 alkyl group, a C1-C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, and

[0073] xe21may be an integer from 1 to 5.

[0074] “Ring containing a nitrogen with a missing pi electron” is the same as described with respect to the electron transport zone described herein below.

[0075] In one or more embodiments, when at least one of the m-1 number of n-type charge generation layers 155' contains a metal, the metal can be an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, a transition metal, a post-transition metal, a metalloid, or any combination thereof, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0076] In one or more embodiments, when at least one of the m-1 number of n-type charge generation layers 155' contains a metal oxide, the metal oxide can be an alkali metal oxide, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0077] In one or more embodiments, when at least one of the m-1 number of n-type charge generation layers 155' contains a metal halide, the metal halide can be an alkali metal halide, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0078] For example, at least one of the m-1 number of n-type charge generation layers 155' can contain at least one selected from Yb, Ag, Al, Sm, Mg, Li, RbI, Ti, Rb, Na, K, Ba, Mn, and YbSi2, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, at least one of the m-1 number of n-type charge generation layers 155' can contain at least one selected from Yb, Ag, and Al, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0079] In one or more embodiments, at least one of the m-1 number of p-type charge generation layers 155" can contain a first inorganic material and a hole transport material.

[0080] The hole transport material is not particularly limited as long as the hole transport material is a material having a hole transport property, and, for example, can be selected from a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, and a compound represented by Formula 301-2.

[0081] Formula 201

[0082]

[0083] Formula 202

[0084]

[0085] Formula 301-2

[0086]

[0087] In Formula 201, Formula 202, and Formula 301-2,

[0088] A 301to A 304 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, benzophenanthrene, pyrene, indene, fluorene, spiro-bifluorene, benzofluorene, dibenzofluorene, indole, carbazole, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, furan, benzofuran, dibenzofuran, naphthofuran, benzonaphthofuran, dinaphthofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, naphthothiophene, benzonaphthothiophene, and dinaphthothiophene, pyridine, pyrimidine, indene, fluorene, spiro-bifluorene, benzofluorene, dibenzofluorene, indole, carbazole, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, furan, benzofuran, dibenzofuran, naphthofuran, benzonaphthofuran, dinaphthofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, naphthothiophene, benzonaphthothiophene, and dinaphthothiophene,

[0089] X 301 may be O, S, or N-[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ],

[0090] L 201 to L 204 and L 301 to L 304 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic groups,

[0091] L 205 may be selected from the group consisting of *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q 201 )-*', substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 alkylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 20 alkenylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic groups,

[0092] xa1to xa4may each independently be an integer from 0 to 3,

[0093] xa5 can be an integer from 1 to 10,

[0094] xb1 to xb4 can each independently be an integer from 0 to 5,

[0095] xb22 and xb23 can each independently be 0, 1, or 2,

[0096] R 201 to R 204 and Q 201 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aralkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group,

[0097] R 301 to R 304 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an amidine group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aralkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 301 )(Q 302 )(Q 303 ), -N(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), -B(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), -C(=O)(Q 301 ), -S(=O)2(Q 301 ), and -P(=O)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), and

[0098] R 311 to R 314 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a guanidine group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ,

[0099] wherein Q 31 to Q 33 and Q 301 to Q 303 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of a C1-C 10 alkyl group, a C1-C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

[0100] For example, the amount of the first inorganic material included in the p-type charge generation layer 155” can be selected to be about 0.01 parts by weight to about 49.9 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the hole transport material. For example, the amount of the first inorganic material included in the p-type charge generation layer 155” can be selected to be about 0.1 parts by weight to about 49.9 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the hole transport material. For example, the amount of the first inorganic material included in the p-type charge generation layer 155” can be selected to be about 5 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the hole transport material.

[0101] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the n-type charge generation layer 155’ and the thickness of the p-type charge generation layer 155” can each independently be about to about For example, the thickness of the n-type charge generation layer 155’ and the thickness of the p-type charge generation layer 155” can each independently be about to about However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the thickness of the n-type charge generation layer 155’ and the thickness of the p-type charge generation layer 155” can each independently be about to about However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. When the thickness of the n-type charge generation layer 155’ and the thickness of the p-type charge generation layer 155” are within any one of these ranges, a high-quality (or improved) organic light emitting device can be achieved without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0102] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light emitting device 20 according to an embodiment.

[0103] As in Figure 1 , Figure 2 The organic light emitting device 20 of

[0104] In this regard, at least one of the m-1 charge generation layers 155 can further include an intermediate layer 155a between the n-type charge generation layer 155’ and the p-type charge generation layer 155”.

[0105] In one or more embodiments, the intermediate layer 155a can include a first inorganic material.

[0106] The first inorganic material included in the intermediate layer 155a is the same as described above with respect to the first inorganic material.

[0107] For example, the first inorganic material included in at least one of the m-1 number of n-type charge generation layers 155' and the m-1 number of p-type charge generation layers 155" can be the same as the first inorganic material included in the intermediate layer 155a.

[0108] For example, the first inorganic material included in at least one of the m-1 number of n-type charge generation layers 155' and the m-1 number of p-type charge generation layers 155" can be different from the first inorganic material included in the intermediate layer 155a.

[0109] In one or more embodiments, the absolute value of the work function of the intermediate layer 155a can be greater than or equal to the absolute value of the work function of the n-type charge generation layer 155' and less than or equal to the absolute value of the work function of the p-type charge generation layer 155".

[0110] In one or more embodiments, when at least one of the m-1 number of p-type charge generation layers 155" includes the first inorganic material and a hole transport material, the organic light emitting device 20 can include the intermediate layer 155a between the p-type charge generation layer 155" including the first inorganic material and the hole transport material and the n-type charge generation layer 155'.

[0111] In one or more embodiments, the organic light emitting device 10 and the organic light emitting device 20 can each further include a second inorganic material that is at least one selected from a halide compound of a transition metal, a halide compound of a post-transition metal, and any combination thereof.

[0112] The transition metal is not particularly limited, but can be a transition metal of Group 10 to Group 12, for example, at least one selected from copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). The post-transition metal is not particularly limited, but can be at least one selected from aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), fermium (Fl), bismuth (Bi), and polonium (Po).

[0113] Here, the halide compound refers to a material formed by bonding with a halogen, and the halogen can be, for example, at least one selected from F, Cl, Br, and I.

[0114] When the organic light emitting device 10 and the organic light emitting device 20 further include the second inorganic material, hole carriers are additionally provided to the charge generation layer, and thus the electrical characteristics / charge generation characteristics of the charge generation layer can be improved.

[0115] For example, the second inorganic material can be at least one selected from the group consisting of CuF, CuCl, CuBr, CuI, NiF2, NiCl2, NiBr2, NiI2, ZnF2, ZnCl2, ZnBr2, ZnI2, ZnF4, and ZnI4, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0116] For example, the second inorganic material can be contained in: i) a charge generation layer containing the first inorganic material in the n-type charge generation layer 155' and the p-type charge generation layer 155";

[0117] ii) an auxiliary layer adjacent to the charge generation layer containing the first inorganic material; or

[0118] iii) the charge generation layer containing the first inorganic material and the auxiliary layer.

[0119] In this regard, the auxiliary layer can be in the form of a single layer containing (e.g., consisting of) the second inorganic material.

[0120] For example, the organic light emitting device 20 includes the intermediate layer 155a containing the first inorganic material, and can further include an auxiliary layer (not shown) containing the second inorganic material between the intermediate layer 155a and the n-type charge generation layer 155' or between the intermediate layer 155a and the p-type charge generation layer 155". In this regard, in the n-type charge generation layer 155' and the p-type charge generation layer 155", the charge generation layer containing the first inorganic material can further contain the second inorganic material.

[0121] When the charge generation layer containing the first inorganic material contains the second inorganic material, the amount of the second inorganic material contained in the charge generation layer can be selected to be about 0.1 parts by weight to about 49.9 parts by weight, based on 50 parts by weight of the first inorganic material. For example, the amount of the second inorganic material contained in the charge generation layer can be selected to be about 5 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, based on 50 parts by weight of the first inorganic material.

[0122] In the organic light emitting device, m can be 2 or 3. Embodiments of the organic light emitting device in which m is 2 are the same as described with respect to Figure 3 Embodiments of the organic light emitting device in which m is 3 are the same as described with respect to Figure 4 Embodiments of the organic light emitting device in which m is 3 are the same as described with respect to

[0123] In one or more embodiments, in the organic light emitting device, m can be 2,

[0124] The m emission units can include a first emission unit and a second emission unit,

[0125] The m-1 charge generation layers can include a charge generation layer,

[0126] The charge generation layer can be located between the first emission unit and the second emission unit,

[0127] The first emission unit can be located between the first electrode and the charge generation layer,

[0128] The second emission unit can be located between the charge generation layer and the second electrode,

[0129] The charge generation layer can include an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer, wherein the n-type charge generation layer is located between the first emission unit and the second emission unit, and the p-type charge generation layer is located between the n-type charge generation layer and the second emission unit, and

[0130] At least one of the n-type charge generation layer and the p-type charge generation layer can include a first inorganic material.

[0131] Referring to Figure 3 The organic light emitting device 30 includes a first electrode 110, a second electrode 190 facing the first electrode 110, a first emission unit 153-1 stacked between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 190, a second emission unit 153-2 stacked between the first emission unit 153-1 and the second electrode 190, and a charge generation layer 155 between the first emission unit 153-1 and the second emission unit 153-2, wherein the first emission unit 153-1 is located between the first electrode 110 and the charge generation layer 155, the second emission unit 153-2 is located between the charge generation layer 155 and the second electrode 190, the charge generation layer 155 includes an n-type charge generation layer 155' and a p-type charge generation layer 155", the n-type charge generation layer 155' is located between the first emission unit 153-1 and the second emission unit 153-2, and the p-type charge generation layer 155" is located between the n-type charge generation layer 155' and the second emission unit 153-2.

[0132] In some embodiments, the organic light emitting device 30 can further include an intermediate layer between the n-type charge generation layer 155' and the p-type charge generation layer 155".

[0133] In one or more embodiments, in the organic light emitting device of the present embodiment, m can be 3,

[0134] The m emission units can include a first emission unit, a second emission unit, and a third emission unit,

[0135] The m-1 charge generation layers can include a first charge generation layer and a second charge generation layer,

[0136] The first charge generation layer can be located between the first emission unit and the second emission unit,

[0137] The second charge generation layer can be located between the second emission unit and the third emission unit,

[0138] The first emission unit can be located between the first electrode and the first charge generation layer,

[0139] The second emission unit can be located between the first charge generation layer and the second charge generation layer,

[0140] The third emission unit can be located between the second charge generation layer and the second electrode,

[0141] The first charge generation layer can include a first n-type charge generation layer and a first p-type charge generation layer, wherein the first n-type charge generation layer can be located between the first emission unit and the second emission unit, and the first p-type charge generation layer can be located between the first n-type charge generation layer and the second emission unit,

[0142] The second charge generation layer can include a second n-type charge generation layer and a second p-type charge generation layer, wherein the second n-type charge generation layer can be located between the second emission unit and the third emission unit, and the second p-type charge generation layer can be located between the second n-type charge generation layer and the third emission unit, and

[0143] At least one of the first n-type charge generation layer, the second n-type charge generation layer, the first p-type charge generation layer, and the second p-type charge generation layer can contain a first inorganic material.

[0144] Reference Figure 4The organic light emitting device 40 includes a first electrode 110, a second electrode 190 facing the first electrode 110, a first emission unit 153-1 stacked between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 190, a second emission unit 153-2 stacked between the first emission unit 153-1 and the second electrode 190, a third emission unit 153-3 stacked between the second emission unit 153-2 and the second electrode 190, a first charge generation layer 155-1 between the first emission unit 153-1 and the second emission unit 153-2, and a second charge generation layer 155-2 between the second emission unit 153-2 and the third emission unit 153-3, wherein the first emission unit 153-1 is between the first electrode 110 and the first charge generation layer 155-1, the second emission unit 153-2 is between the first charge generation layer 155-1 and the second charge generation layer 155-2, the third emission unit 153-3 is between the second charge generation layer 155-2 and the second electrode 190, the first charge generation layer 155-1 includes a first n-type charge generation layer 155'-1 and a first p-type charge generation layer 155"-1, the first n-type charge generation layer 155'-1 is between the first emission unit 153-1 and the second emission unit 153-2, the first p-type charge generation layer 155"-1 is between the first n-type charge generation layer 155'-1 and the second emission unit 153-2, the second charge generation layer 155-2 includes a second n-type charge generation layer 155'-2 and a second p-type charge generation layer 155"-2, the second n-type charge generation layer 155'-2 is between the second emission unit 153-2 and the third emission unit 153-3, and the second p-type charge generation layer 155"-2 is between the second n-type charge generation layer 155'-2 and the third emission unit 153-3.

[0145] In some embodiments, the organic light emitting device 40 can further include the above-described intermediate layer between the first n-type charge generation layer 155'-1 and the first p-type charge generation layer 155"-1 and / or between the second n-type charge generation layer 155'-2 and the second p-type charge generation layer 155"-2. For example, the intermediate layer can exist only between the first n-type charge generation layer 155'-1 and the first p-type charge generation layer 155"-1, or between the second n-type charge generation layer 155'-2 and the second p-type charge generation layer 155"-2, or can exist between the first n-type charge generation layer 155'-1 and the first p-type charge generation layer 155"-1 and between the second n-type charge generation layer 155'-2 and the second p-type charge generation layer 155"-2.

[0146] In the related art, in a device in which two or more emission layers are sequentially stacked, a charge generation layer between the two or more emission layers can contain an oxide or an organic material, in which the oxide or the organic material has a deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level.

[0147] However, in the case of the oxide, the thermal evaporation temperature can be higher than 1,000℃, which is extremely high, and in the case of the organic material, thermal evaporation can be achieved, but the price of the device can be extremely expensive.

[0148] Because, in the organic light emitting device according to the disclosure, the charge generation layer (e.g., a p-type charge generation layer) contains a first inorganic material capable of thermal deposition, the first inorganic material including a post-transition metal, a metalloid, or a post-transition metal and a metalloid, the resulting device can be characterized by a low driving voltage and a higher current density at the same voltage, while thermal evaporation can be achieved at a low temperature, and can have superior properties in color purity and efficiency greater than or equal to the color purity and efficiency of the device in the related art. Because the first inorganic material has a low thermal evaporation temperature compared to the related metal material, a thermal evaporation process can be achieved.

[0149] Further, when the first inorganic material is a compound including a post-transition metal and a metalloid, the work function of the first inorganic material can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the post-transition metal and the metalloid. Accordingly, the potential barrier between the n-type charge generation layer and the p-type charge generation layer can be adjusted so that charges can be efficiently (or appropriately) generated. For example, as the ratio of the metalloid increases, the absolute value of the work function of the first inorganic material increases, and for example, the amount of the metalloid can be greater than or equal to the amount of the post-transition metal.

[0150] Table 1 shows the work function according to the ratio of Bi and Te (post-transition metal and metalloid, respectively) according to the compound form in the first inorganic material according to the embodiments.

[0151] Table 1

[0152]

[0153] As shown in Table 1, as the ratio of Te as a metalloid increases, the absolute value of the work function generally (mostly) increases.

[0154] Further, the organic light emitting device can contain the first inorganic material as a single layer structure in the charge generation layer, or can contain a hole transport material as well as the first inorganic material in the charge generation layer, and thus can contain the first inorganic material as a dopant.

[0155] As described above, when an organic light-emitting device includes a hole transport material and a first inorganic material, the conductivity of the hole injection layer can be increased, and thus charge can be generated effectively (or appropriately), and hole transport to adjacent emitting units can be further promoted, resulting in improved device efficiency.

[0156] Furthermore, the organic light-emitting device may optionally include an intermediate layer containing a first inorganic material between the n-type charge generation layer and the p-type charge generation layer, and thus may reduce the potential barrier between the n-type charge generation layer and the p-type charge generation layer, and may further promote the NP junction, thereby reducing the driving voltage.

[0157] According to another embodiment, a flat panel display device is provided, comprising: a thin-film transistor including a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer; and an organic light-emitting device, wherein a first electrode of the organic light-emitting device is electrically connected (interconnected) to a thin-film transistor selected from the source electrode and the drain electrode.

[0158] As used herein, the term "organic layer" refers to one or more layers located between the first and second electrodes of an organic light-emitting device. The materials contained in the "organic layer" are not limited to organic materials.

[0159] In the following text, we will discuss... Figures 1 to 4 The structure of organic light-emitting devices 10, 20, 30 and 40 according to embodiments is described, as well as a method for manufacturing said organic light-emitting devices.

[0160] First electrode 110

[0161] exist Figures 1 to 4 In this process, the substrate may additionally be located below the first electrode 110 or on the second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glass substrate and / or a plastic substrate, each having excellent (or suitable) mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and / or water resistance.

[0162] The first electrode 110 can be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on a substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material used for the first electrode 110 can be selected from materials with high work function to facilitate hole injection.

[0163] The first electrode 110 can be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, a material for forming the first electrode 110 can be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and any combination thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, a material for forming the first electrode 110 can be selected from magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), and any combination thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0164] The first electrode 110 can have a single layer structure, or include a multi-layer structure of two or more layers. For example, the first electrode 110 can have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

[0165] The organic layer 150

[0166] The organic layer 150 is located on the first electrode 110. The organic layer 150 includes the emission unit 153, the emission unit 153-1, the emission unit 153-2, and the emission unit 153-3.

[0167] The organic layer 150 can further include a hole transport zone between the first electrode 110 and the emission unit 153, the emission unit 153-1, the emission unit 153-2, and the emission unit 153-3, and an electron transport zone between the emission unit 153, the emission unit 153-1, the emission unit 153-2, and the emission unit 153-3 and the second electrode 190.

[0168] The hole transport zone in the organic layer 150

[0169] The hole transport zone can have i) a single layer structure including (e.g., consisting of) a single layer including (e.g., consisting of) a single material, ii) a single layer structure including (e.g., consisting of) a single layer including (e.g., consisting of) a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers including (e.g., consisting of) a plurality of different materials.

[0170] The hole transport zone can include at least one selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, and an electron blocking layer.

[0171] For example, the hole transport zone can have a single-layer structure including a single layer (e.g., consisting of the single layer) containing (e.g., consisting of) a plurality of different materials, or a multi-layer structure of a hole injection layer / hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injection layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer structure, in which, for each structure, the constituent layers are sequentially stacked in the order specified from the first electrode 110, but the structure of the hole transport zone is not limited thereto.

[0172] The hole transport zone can contain at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / camphor sulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), a compound represented by the following formula 201, and a compound represented by the following formula 202:

[0173]

[0174] Formula 201

[0175]

[0176] Formula 202

[0177]

[0178] In Formula 201 and Formula 202,

[0179] L 201 to L 204 may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group,

[0180] L 205 It can be selected from *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q) 201 )-*', substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 alkylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 20 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0181] xa1 to xa4 can each be an integer from 0 to 3 independently.

[0182] xa5 can be an integer from 1 to 10, and

[0183] R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0184] For example, in equation 202, R 201 and R 202 They can optionally be linked to each other via single bonds, dimethyl-methylene groups and / or diphenyl-methylene groups, and R 203 and R 204 They can optionally be linked to each other via single bonds, dimethyl-methylene groups, and / or diphenyl-methylene groups.

[0185] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 201 and Formula 202,

[0186] L 201 to L 205 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of:

[0187] phenylene group, pentacenylene group, indenylene group, naphthylene group, chamazulenylene group, heptacenylene group, indacolylene group, acenylene group, fluorenylene group, spiro-bisfluorenylene group, benzofluorenylene group, dibenzofluorenylene group, phenalenylene group, phenanthryl group, anthryl group, fluoranthenyl group, benzophenanthryl group, pyrenyl group, phenylene group, pentacenylene group, indenylene group, naphthylene group, chamazulenylene group, heptacenylene group, indacolylene group, acenylene group, fluorenylene group, spiro-bisfluorenylene group, benzofluorenylene group, dibenzofluorenylene group, phenalenylene group, phenanthryl group, anthryl group, fluoranthenyl group, benzophenanthryl group, pyrenyl group,

[0188] each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidino group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 alkyl group, C1-C 20 alkoxy group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, phenyl group substituted with C1-C 10 alkyl group, phenyl group substituted with -F, pentacenyl group, indenyl group, naphthyl group, chamazulenyl group, heptacenyl group, indacolyl group, acenyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bisfluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, phenalenyl group, phenanthryl group, anthryl group, fluoranthenyl group, benzophenanthryl group, pyrenyl group, phenylene group, pentacenylene group, indenylene group, naphthylene group, chamazulenylene group, heptacenylene group, indacolylene group, acenylene group, fluorenylene group, spiro-bisfluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, phenalenyl group, phenanthryl group, anthryl group, fluoranthenyl group, benzophenanthryl group, pyrenyl group, 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ) and -N(Q 31 )(Q32 ) in which at least one of the substituted phenylene groups, pentacenylene groups, indenylene groups, naphthylene groups, azulenylene groups, heptacenylene groups, indacene groups, acenylene groups, fluorenylene groups, spiro-bisfluorenylene groups, benzofluorenylene groups, dibenzofluorenylene groups, phenalenylene groups, phenanthrene groups, anthracene groups, fluoranthene groups, benzophenanthrene groups, pyrene groups, groups, acenaphthylene groups, acenaphthene groups, perylene groups, pentacene groups, hexacene groups, pentacene groups, coronene groups, chrycene groups, ovalene groups, thiophene groups, furan groups, carbazole groups, indole groups, isoindole groups, benzofuran groups, benzothiophene groups, dibenzofuran groups, dibenzothiophene groups, benzocarbazole groups, dibenzocarbazole groups, dithiophthaline groups, and pyridine groups,

[0189] wherein Q 31 to Q 33 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of C1-C 10 alkyl groups, C1-C 10 alkoxy groups, phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, terphenyl groups, and naphthyl groups.

[0190] In one or more embodiments, xa1 to xa4 can each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

[0191] In one or more embodiments, xa5 can be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0192] In one or more embodiments, R 201 to R 204 and Q 201 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, terphenyl groups, pentacenylene groups, indenylene groups, naphthyl groups, azulenylene groups, heptacenylene groups, indacene groups, acenylene groups, fluorenylene groups, spiro-bisfluorenylene groups, benzofluorenylene groups, dibenzofluorenylene groups, phenalenylene groups, phenanthrene groups, anthracene groups, fluoranthene groups, benzophenanthrene groups, pyrene groups, groups, acenaphthylene groups, acenaphthene groups, perylene groups, pentacene groups, hexacene groups, pentacene groups, coronene groups, chrycene groups, ovalene groups, thiophene groups, furan groups, carbazole groups, indole groups, isoindole groups, benzofuran groups, benzothiophene groups, dibenzofuran groups, dibenzothiophene groups, benzocarbazole groups, dibenzocarbazole groups, dithiophthaline groups, and pyridine groups; and

[0193] Each group is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amido group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, C1-C 10 Alkyl-substituted phenyl groups, -F-substituted phenyl groups, pentanenyl groups, indole groups, naphthyl groups, chamomile cycloyl groups, heptenyl groups, indoleyl groups, acenaphthyl groups, fluorenyl groups, spiro-difluorenyl groups, benzo[a]fluorenyl groups, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl groups, phenanthrenyl groups, anthraceneyl groups, fluoranthraceneyl groups, benzo[a]phenanthreneyl groups, pyrene groups, Benzyl group, tetraphenyl group, furanyl group, perylyl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, rutinyl group, kosyl group, ovoidyl group, thiophenyl group, furanyl group, carbazoleyl group, indoleyl group, isoindoleyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophenyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group, benzocarbazoleyl group, dibenzocarbazoleyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group, pyridyl group, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 ) and -N(Q 31 (Q) 32 At least one substituted phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, pentanenyl group, indole group, naphthyl group, chamomile cycloyl group, heptenyl group, indoleyl group, acenaphthenic group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthreneyl group, anthraceneyl group, fluoranthraceneyl group, benzo[a]phenanthreneyl group, pyreneyl group, The following groups are listed: alkyl group, tetraphenyl group, furanyl group, perylyl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, rutinyl group, kosyl group, ovoidyl group, thiophenyl group, furanyl group, carbazoleyl group, indoleyl group, isoindoleyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophenyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group, benzocarbazoleyl group, dibenzocarbazoleyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group, and pyridyl group.

[0194] Q 31 To Q 33 Same as described above.

[0195] In one or more embodiments, R selected from Formula 201 201 To R203 at least one of R1to R4may each independently be selected from:

[0196] a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bisfluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

[0197] each independently selected from deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidine group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C1-C 10 alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with -F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bisfluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, a fluorenyl group substituted with at least one of a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bisfluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group,

[0198] Embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, however.

[0199] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 202, i) R1to R4 201 and R 202 may be connected to each other via a single bond, and / or ii) R 203 and R 204 may be connected to each other via a single bond.

[0200] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 202, R1to R4 202 to R 204 may each independently be selected from:

[0201] a carbazolyl group; and

[0202] each independently selected from deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidine group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C1-C 10 alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with -F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bisfluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, a carbazolyl group substituted with at least one of a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bisfluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group,

[0203] Embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, however.

[0204] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 can be represented by the following Formula 201A:

[0205] Formula 201A

[0206]

[0207] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 can be represented by the following Formula 201A(1), although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0208] Formula 201A(1)

[0209]

[0210] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 can be represented by the following Formula 201A-1, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0211] Formula 201A-1

[0212]

[0213] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 can be represented by the following Formula 202A:

[0214] Formula 202A

[0215]

[0216] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 can be represented by the following Formula 202A-1:

[0217] Formula 202A-1

[0218]

[0219] In Formula 201A, Formula 201A(1), Formula 201A-1, Formula 202A, and Formula 202A-1,

[0220] L 201 to L 203 , xa1to xa3, xa5, and R 202 to R 204 R 211 and R 212 each independently is the same as described with respect to R 203 , and

[0221] R213 To R 217 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, C1-C 10 Alkyl-substituted phenyl groups, -F-substituted phenyl groups, pentanenyl groups, indole groups, naphthyl groups, chamomile cycloyl groups, heptenyl groups, indoleyl groups, acenaphthyl groups, fluorenyl groups, spiro-difluorenyl groups, benzo[a]fluorenyl groups, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl groups, phenanthrenyl groups, anthraceneyl groups, fluoranthraceneyl groups, benzo[a]phenanthreneyl groups, pyrene groups, The group includes benzo[a], tetraphenyl[b], furan[b], peryl[b], pentaphenyl[a], hexaphenyl[b], pentaphenyl[a], rutin[b], koj[b], ovoid[b], thiophene[b], furan[b], carbazo[b], indole[b], isoindole[b], benzofuran[b], benzothiophene[b], dibenzofuran[b], dibenzothiophene[b], benzocarbazo[b], dibenzocarbazo[b], dibenzothiophene[b], dibenzothiophene[b], and pyridyl[b]

[0222] The hole transport region may contain at least one compound selected from compounds HT1 to HT39, but the compounds contained in the hole transport region are not limited to these:

[0223]

[0224]

[0225]

[0226] The thickness of the hole transport region can be approximately to approximately For example, about to approximately When the hole transport region includes at least one selected from the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer, the thickness of the hole injection layer can be approximately to approximately For example, about to approximately Furthermore, the thickness of the hole transport layer can be approximately to approximately For example, about to approximately When the thicknesses of the hole transport zone, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within any one of these ranges, satisfactory (or suitable) hole transport characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0227] The emission auxiliary layer can increase light emission efficiency by compensating for an optical resonance distance according to the wavelength of light emitted by the emission layer, and the electron blocking layer can block or reduce the flow of electrons from the electron transport zone. The emission auxiliary layer and the electron blocking layer can each independently contain any one of the materials as described above.

[0228] p-dopant

[0229] In addition to the materials described above, the hole transport zone can further contain a charge generating material for improving the electrical conductivity.

[0230] The charge generating material can be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport zone.

[0231] The charge generating material can be, for example, a p-dopant.

[0232] In one or more embodiments, the LUMO energy level of the p-dopant can be about -3.5 eV or less than -3.5 eV.

[0233] The p-dopant can include at least one selected from the group consisting of a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a compound containing a cyano group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0234] In one or more embodiments, the p-dopant can include at least one selected from the group consisting of:

[0235] a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and / or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ);

[0236] a metal oxide, such as tungsten oxide and / or molybdenum oxide;

[0237] 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylen-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN); and

[0238] a compound represented by the following formula 221,

[0239] but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0240]

[0241] formula 221

[0242]

[0243] In Equation 221,

[0244] R 221 To R 223 Each can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups and substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, and R 221 To R 223 At least one of them may have a C1-C group selected from cyano group, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, or a C1-C group substituted with -F. 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C substituted with -Cl 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C substituted with -Br 20 Alkyl groups and C1-C substituted with -I 20 At least one substituent in an alkyl group.

[0245] Emission layer in organic layer 150

[0246] In organic light-emitting devices 10, 20, 30, and 40, emitting units 153, 153-1, 153-2, and 153-3 may each include an emitting layer, and the emitting layer may have a stacked structure of two or more layers, wherein two or more layers selected from red, green, yellow, and blue emitting layers are in contact with or spaced apart from each other. In some embodiments, the emitting layer may have a mixed structure of two or more materials, wherein two or more materials selected from red, green, yellow, and blue emitting materials are mixed with each other in a single layer.

[0247] The emission layer can further include an electron-transport (ET)-assisting layer formed on the emission layer (e.g., on one side of the emission layer) and / or a hole-transport (HT)-assisting layer formed under the emission layer (e.g., on the other side opposite to the one side of the emission layer). The HT-assisting layer is a layer that can function as a hole-transporting layer, an emission-assisting layer, and / or an electron-blocking layer as described above, and the ET-assisting layer is a layer that can function as a buffer layer, a hole-blocking layer, an electron-controlling layer, and / or an electron-transporting layer as described below. The materials that can be used for the HT-assisting layer and the ET-assisting layer are the same as described with respect to the hole-transporting zone and the electron-transporting zone described herein, respectively.

[0248] The emission layer can include a host and a dopant. The dopant can include at least one selected from a phosphorescent dopant and a fluorescent dopant.

[0249] The amount of the dopant in the emission layer can be about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight, based on about 100 parts by weight of the host, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0250] The thickness of the emission layer can be about to about For example, about to about When the thickness of the emission layer is in this range, excellent (or improved) light emission characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0251] The host in the emission layer

[0252] In one or more embodiments, the host can include a compound represented by the following Formula 301.

[0253] Formula 301

[0254] [Ar 301 ] xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 ] xb21 .

[0255] In Formula 301,

[0256] Ar 301 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0257] xb11may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0258] L 301 may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0259] xb1 can be an integer from 0 to 5.

[0260] R 301 It can be selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amido group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 60 Alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkoxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 301 (Q) 302 (Q) 303 -N(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -B(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -C(=O)(Q) 301 -S(=O)2(Q) 301 ) and -P(=O)(Q 301 (Q) 302 ),as well as

[0261] xb21 can be an integer from 1 to 5.

[0262] wherein Q 301 to Q 303 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of a C1-C 10 alkyl group, a C1-C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0263] In one or more embodiments, Ar 301 may be selected from the group consisting of:

[0264] a naphthyl group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthen group, a benzophenanthrene group, a pyrene group, a tetracene group, a chrysene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, an indanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophene group; and

[0265] each substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidine group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), a naphthyl group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthen group, a benzophenanthrene group, a pyrene group, a tetracene group, a chrysene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, an indanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophene group,

[0266] wherein Q 31 to Q 33 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of a C1-C 10 alkyl group, a C1-C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0267] When xb11 in Formula 301 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more than two Ars 301 can be connected via a single bond.

[0268] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 301 can be represented by Formula 301-1 or Formula 301-2:

[0269] Formula 301-1

[0270]

[0271] Formula 301-2

[0272]

[0273] In Formula 301-1 and Formula 301-2,

[0274] A 301 to A 304 can each independently be selected from benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, benzo[a]phenanthrene, pyrene, pyridine, pyrimidine, indene, fluorene, spiro-bifluorene, benzofluorene, dibenzofluorene, indole, carbazole, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, furan, benzofuran, dibenzofuran, naphthofuran, benzonaphthofuran, dinaphthofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, naphthothiophene, benzonaphthothiophene, and dinaphthothiophene,

[0275] X 301 can be O, S or N-[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ,

[0276] R 311 to R 314 can each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ),

[0277] xb22 and xb23 can each be 0, 1, or 2 independently.

[0278] L 301 xb1, R 301 and Q 31 To Q 33 Same as described above,

[0279] L 302 To L 304 Each independently and about L 301 The descriptions are the same.

[0280] xb2 to xb4 are each independently identical to the description of xb1, and

[0281] R 302 To R 304 They can be independently related to R. 301 The descriptions are the same.

[0282] For example, L in Equations 301, 301-1, and 301-2 301 To L 304 Each can be selected independently from:

[0283] Phenylidene group, naphthyl group, fluorenelidene group, spiro-difluorenelidene group, benzo[a]fluorenelidene group, dibenzo[a]fluorenelidene group, phenanthrenelidene group, anthracenelidene group, fluorenethracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrenelidene group, pyrene group, etc. Perylene group, pentaphenylene group, hexaphenylene group, pentaphenylene group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazolyl group, indoleyl group, isoindoleyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazolyl group, dibenzocarbazolyl group, dibenzothiophene group, pyridinyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiazolyl diazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group , pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolineyl group, isoquinolineyl group, benzoquinolineyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, phenanthrene-pyridinyl group, acridineyl group, phenanthrene-pyridinyl group, benzimidazoleyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzimidazoleyl group, isobenzoxazoleyl group, isobenzoxazoleyl group, triazoleyl group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, and zazacarbazolyl group; and

[0284] Each group is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amido group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, triphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluoranthracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, Peryl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazole group, indole group, isoindole group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazole group, dibenzocarbazole group, dibenzothiophene group, pyridyl group, imidazole group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiadiazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group Pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, benzoquinolinyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, phenanthridineyl group, acridineyl group, phenanthroxolinyl group, phenazinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, isobenzoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, azacarbazolyl group, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 At least one substituted phenylene group, naphthylene group, fluorene group, spiro-difluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, dibenzo[a]fluorene group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluorenyl anthracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, etc. a phenylene group, a biphenylene group, a terphenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bisfluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrylene group, an anthrylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a benzophenanthrylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a tetracenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a quinolinylene group, a isoquinolinylene group, a benzquinolinylene group, a phtalinylene group, a naphthidinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, a acridinylene group, a phenoxazinylene group, a phenothiazinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolinylene group, an iso-benzothiazolinylene group, a benzoxazolinylene group, an iso-benzoxazolinylene group, a triazolinylene group, a tetrazolinylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolinylene group;

[0285] wherein Q 31 to Q 33 are the same as described above.

[0286] In one or more embodiments, R 301 to R 304 may each independently be selected from:

[0287] a phenylene group, a biphenylene group, a terphenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bisfluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrylene group, an anthrylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a benzophenanthrylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a tetracenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a quinolinylene group, a isoquinolinylene group, a benzquinolinylene group, a phtalinylene group, a naphthidinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, a acridinylene group, a phenoxazinylene group, a phenothiazinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolinylene group, an iso-benzothiazolinylene group, a benzoxazolinylene group, an iso-benzoxazolinylene group, a triazolinylene group, a tetrazolinylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolinylene group; a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzothiophophenyl group, a pyridyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenoxazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group; and

[0288] each independently selected from deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidine group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzo-fluorenyl group, a dibenzo-fluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a benzophenanthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzothiophophenyl group, a pyridyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenoxazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ) substituted phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, terphenyl groups, naphthyl groups, fluorenyl groups, spiro-difluorenyl groups, benzo-fluorenyl groups, dibenzo-fluorenyl groups, phenanthryl groups, anthryl groups, fluoranthenyl groups, benzophenanthryl groups, pyrenyl groups, pyromethinyl groups, perylenyl groups, quinacryl groups, quaterphenyl groups, quinophthalic groups, thiophenyl groups, furanyl groups, carbazolyl groups, indolyl groups, isoindolyl groups, benzofuranyl groups, benzothiophenyl groups, dibenzofuranyl groups, dibenzothiophenyl groups, benzocarbazolyl groups, dibenzocarbazolyl groups, dibenzosilolyl groups, pyridyl groups, imidazolyl groups, pyrazolyl groups, thiazolyl groups, isothiazolyl groups, oxazolyl groups, isoxazolyl groups, thiadiazolyl groups, oxadiazolyl groups, pyrazinyl groups, pyrimidinyl groups, pyridazinyl groups, triazinyl groups, quinolyl groups, isoquinolyl groups, benzoquinolyl groups, phthalazinyl groups, naphthridinyl groups, quinoxalyl groups, quinazolinyl groups, cinnolinyl groups, phenanthridinyl groups, acridinyl groups, phenanthrolinyl groups, phenoxazinyl groups, benzimidazolyl groups, isobenzothiazolyl groups, benzoxazolyl groups, isobenzoxazolyl groups, triazolyl groups, tetrazolyl groups, imidazopyridinyl groups, imidazopyrimidinyl groups, and azacarbazolyl groups, and

[0289] wherein Q 31 to Q 33 are the same as described above.

[0290] In one or more embodiments, the host can include an alkaline earth metal complex. For example, the host can be selected from a Be complex (e.g., compound H55), a Mg complex, and / or a Zn complex.

[0291] The host can include at least one selected from 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), 9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-tert-butyl-anthracene (TBADN), 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mCP), 1,3,5-tris(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), and compounds H1 to H55, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0292]

[0293]

[0294]

[0295] The phosphorescent dopant included in the emission layer in the organic layer 150 can include an organometallic complex represented by the following Formula 401:

[0296] Formula 401

[0297] M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2

[0298] Formula 402

[0299]

[0300] In Formula 401 and Formula 402,

[0301] M can be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), and thulium (Tm),

[0302] L 401 may be a ligand represented by Formula 402, and xc1may be 1, 2, or 3, wherein when xc1is 2 or more than 2, two or more than two L 401 may be the same as or different from each other,

[0303] L 402 may be an organic ligand, and xc2may be an integer of 0 to 4, wherein when xc2is 2 or more than 2, two or more than two L 402 may be the same as or different from each other,

[0304] X 401 to X 404 may each independently be nitrogen or carbon,

[0305] X 401 and X 403 may be connected via a single bond or a double bond, and X 402 and X 404 may be connected via a single bond or a double bond,

[0306] A 401 and A 402 may each independently be a C5-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0307] X 405 may be a single bond, *-O-*, *-S-*, *-C(=O)-*, *-N(Q 411 )-*, *-C(Q 411 )(Q 412 )-*, *-C(Q 411 )=C(Q 412 )-*, *-C(Q 411 )=* or =C=*, wherein Q 411 and Q 412 may be hydrogen, deuterium, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group or a naphthyl group,

[0308] X 406 may be a single bond, O or S,

[0309] R 401 and R 402 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidine group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 401 )(Q 402 )(Q 403 ), -N(Q 401 )(Q 402 ), -B(Q 401 )(Q 402 ), -C(=O)(Q 401 ), -S(=O)2(Q 401 ) and -P(=O)(Q 401 )(Q 402 ), wherein Q401 to Q 403 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of C1-C 10 alkyl groups, C1-C 10 alkoxy groups, C6-C 20 aryl groups, and C1-C 20 heteroaryl groups,

[0310] xcll and xc12may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10, and

[0311] * and *' in formula 402 each represent a binding site to M in formula 401.

[0312] In one or more embodiments, A 401 and A 402 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, fluorenyl groups, spiro-bifluorenyl groups, indenyl groups, pyrrolyl groups, thiophenyl groups, furanyl groups, imidazolyl groups, pyrazolyl groups, thiazolyl groups, isothiazolyl groups, oxazolyl groups, isoxazolyl groups, pyridyl groups, pyrazinyl groups, pyrimidinyl groups, pyridazinyl groups, quinolinyl groups, isoquinolinyl groups, benzoquinolinyl groups, quinoxalinyl groups, quinazolinyl groups, carbazolyl groups, benzimidazolyl groups, benzofuranyl groups, benzothiophenyl groups, isobenzothiophenyl groups, benzoxazolyl groups, isobenzoxazolyl groups, triazolyl groups, tetrazolyl groups, oxadiazolyl groups, triazinyl groups, diphenylene furanyl groups, and diphenylene thiophenyl groups.

[0313] In one or more embodiments, in formula 402, i) X 401 may be nitrogen, and X 402 may be carbon, or ii) each of X 401 and X 402 may be nitrogen.

[0314] In one or more embodiments, R 401 and R 402 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of:

[0315] hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidine group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, C1-C 20 alkyl groups, and C1-C 20 alkoxy groups;

[0316] each substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidine group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornane group, and a norbornene group.20 alkyl groups and C1-C 20 alkoxy groups;

[0317] cyclopentyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, adamantyl groups, norbornyl groups, norbornenyl groups, phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, terphenyl groups, naphthyl groups, fluorenyl groups, pyridyl groups, pyrazinyl groups, pyrimidinyl groups, pyridazinyl groups, triazinyl groups, quinolinyl groups, isoquinolinyl groups, quinoxalinyl groups, quinazolinyl groups, carbazolyl groups, diphenylfuranyl groups, and diphenylthiophenyl groups;

[0318] each independently selected from deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidine group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C1-C 20 alkyl groups and C1-C 20 alkoxy groups, cyclopentyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, adamantyl groups, norbornyl groups, norbornenyl groups, phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, terphenyl groups, naphthyl groups, fluorenyl groups, pyridyl groups, pyrazinyl groups, pyrimidinyl groups, pyridazinyl groups, triazinyl groups, quinolinyl groups, isoquinolinyl groups, quinoxalinyl groups, quinazolinyl groups, carbazolyl groups, diphenylfuranyl groups, and diphenylthiophenyl groups; and

[0319] -Si(Q 401 )(Q 402 )(Q 403 ), -N(Q 401 )(Q 402 ), -B(Q 401 )(Q 402 ), -C(=0)(Q 401 ), -S(=0)2(Q 401 ), and -P(=0)(Q 401 )(Q 402 ),

[0320] wherein Q 401 through Q 403 may each independently be selected from C1-C 10 alkyl groups, C1-C 10Alkoxy groups, phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, and naphthyl groups, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0321] In one or more embodiments, when xc1 in equation 401 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more L 401 The two A's in 401 It can be optionally via X as a linking group 407 Connected to each other, or two A's 402 It can be optionally via X as a linking group 408 They are interconnected (see, for example, compounds PD1 through PD4 and PD7). X 407 and X 408 Each can be an independent single bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q) 413 )-*'、*-C(Q 413 (Q) 414 )-*' or *-C(Q 413 )=C(Q 414 )-*'(where Q 413 and Q 414 They can be hydrogen, deuterium, or C1-C independently. 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 (Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group or naphthyl group), but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0322] L in Equation 401 402 These can be monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organic ligands. For example, L... 402 The compounds may be selected from halogens, diketones (e.g., acetylacetonate (salt)), carboxylic acids (e.g., pyridine carboxylate (salt)), -C (=O), isonitriles, -CN and phosphorus compounds (e.g., phosphine and / or phosphite (salt)), but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0323] In one or more embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may be selected, for example, from compound PD1 to compound PD25, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0324]

[0325] Fluorescent dopants in the emission layer

[0326] Fluorescent dopants may include arylamine compounds or styreneamine compounds.

[0327] Fluorescent dopants may include compounds represented by the following formula 501.

[0328] Formula 501

[0329]

[0330] In Formula 501,

[0331] Ar 501 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0332] L 501 to L 503 may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group,

[0333] xd1to xd3may each independently be an integer of 0 to 3,

[0334] R 501 and R 502 may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, and

[0335] xd4may be an integer of 1 to 6.

[0336] In one or more embodiments, Ar 501 may be selected from:

[0337] naphthyl group, heptacenyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bifluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, phenalenyl group, pyrenyl group, tetracenyl group, chrysenyl group, perylenyl group, pentacenyl group, indanthrenyl group, and indenophenanthrenyl group; and naphthyl group, heptacenyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bifluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, phenalenyl group, pyrenyl group, tetracenyl group, chrysenyl group, perylenyl group, pentacenyl group, indanthrenyl group, and indenophenanthrenyl group; and

[0338] each independently selected from deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 alkyl group, C1-C 20 naphthyl group, heptacenyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bifluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, phenalenyl group, pyrenyl group, tetracenyl group, chrysenyl group, perylenyl group, pentacenyl group, indanthrenyl group, and indenophenanthrenyl group. naphthyl group, heptacenyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bifluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, phenalenyl group, pyrenyl group, tetracenyl group, chrysenyl group, perylenyl group, pentacenyl group, indanthrenyl group, and indenophenanthrenyl group.

[0339] In one or more embodiments, L501in Formula 501 501 to L 503 may each independently be selected from:

[0340] phenylene group, naphthylene group, fluorenylene group, spiro-bifluorenylene group, benzofluorenylene group, dibenzofluorenylene group, phenalenylene group, pyrenylene group, tetracenylene group, chrysenylene group, perylenylene group, pentacenylene group, indanthrenylene group, and indenophenanthrenylene group; and phenylene group, naphthylene group, fluorenylene group, spiro-bifluorenylene group, benzofluorenylene group, dibenzofluorenylene group, phenalenylene group, pyrenylene group, tetracenylene group, chrysenylene group, perylenylene group, pentacenylene group, indanthrenylene group, and indenophenanthrenylene group; and

[0341] each independently selected from deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 alkyl group, C1-C 20 naphthyl group, heptacenyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bifluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, phenalenyl group, pyrenyl group, tetracenyl group, chrysenyl group, perylenyl group, pentacenyl group, indanthrenyl group, and indenophenanthrenyl group. At least one substituted phenylene group, naphthylene group, fluorene group, spiro-difluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, dibenzo[a]fluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluorene-anthrene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, phenanthrene group, phenanthrene group, phenanthrene group, phenanthrene group, pyrene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, phenanthrene group, phenanthrene group, pyrene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, phenanthrene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, benzo[a]pyrene ...pyrene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, benzo[a]pyrene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, benzo[a]pyrene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, benzo[a]pyrene group, benzo[a]pyrene group, benzo[a]pyrene group, benzo[a]pyrene group, benzo[a]pyrene group Perylyl group, perylene group, pentaphenylene group, hexaphenylene group, pentaphenylene group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazoyl group, indoleyl group, isoindoleyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazoyl group, dibenzocarbazoyl group, dibenzothiophene group, and pyridylyl group.

[0342] In one or more embodiments, R in Formula 501 501 and R 502 Each can be selected independently from:

[0343] Phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthryl group, anthraceneyl group, fluoranthraceneyl group, benzo[a]phenanthryl group, pyrene group, Peryl group, peryl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, thienyl group, furanyl group, carbazole group, indole group, isoindole group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophenyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group, benzocarbazole group, dibenzocarbazole group, dibenzothiophenyl group and pyridyl group; and

[0344] Each group is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, triphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluoranthracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, at least one of a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a benzophenanthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaperi-phenyl group, a quinacridonyl group, a 31 32 33 a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a benzophenanthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaperi-phenyl group, a quinacridonyl group, a a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a benzophenanthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaperi-phenyl group, a quinacridonyl group, a

[0345] wherein Q 31 to Q 33 may be selected from a C1-C 10 alkyl group, a C1-C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

[0346] In one or more embodiments, xd4in Formula 501 can be 2, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0347] For example, the fluorescent dopant can be selected from the group consisting of Compounds FD1 to FD22:

[0348]

[0349] In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent dopant can be selected from the following compounds, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0350]

[0351] Electron transport region in organic layer 150

[0352] ​​The electron transport zone can have i) a single layer structure including (e.g., consisting of) a single layer including (e.g., consisting of) a single material, ii) a single layer structure including (e.g., consisting of) a single layer including (e.g., consisting of) a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers including (e.g., consisting of) a plurality of different materials.

[0353] The electron transport zone can include at least one selected from a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0354] For example, the electron transport zone can have an electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, in which, for each structure, the constituent layers are sequentially stacked from the emission layer. However, embodiments of the structure of the electron transport zone are not limited thereto.

[0355] The electron transport zone (e.g., a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, and / or an electron transport layer in the electron transport zone) can include a metal-free compound including at least one ring including a nitrogen having a deficient π electron.

[0356] The "ring including a nitrogen having a deficient π electron" means a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group.

[0357] For example, the "ring including a nitrogen having a deficient π electron" can be i) a 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group having at least one *-N=* portion, ii) a heteropolycyclic group in which two or more 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups each having at least one *-N=* portion are fused to each other, or iii) a heteropolycyclic group in which at least one of the 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups each having at least one *-N=* portion is fused to at least one C5-C 60 carbon ring group.

[0358] Examples of the ring including a nitrogen having a deficient π electron include an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, a thiazole ring, an isothiazole ring, an oxazole ring, an isoxazole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyridazine ring, an indazole ring, a purine ring, a quinoline ring, an isoquinoline ring, a benzoquinoline ring, a phthalazine ring, a naphthylidine ring, a quinoxaline ring, a quinazoline ring, a cinnoline ring, a phenanthridine ring, an acridine ring, a phenanthroline ring, a phenoxazine ring, a benzimidazole ring, an isobenzothiazole ring, a benzoxazole ring, an isobenzoxazole ring, a triazole ring, a tetrazole ring, an oxadiazole ring, a triazine ring, a thiadiazole ring, an imidazopyridine ring, an imidazopyrimidine ring, and an azacarbazole ring, but is not limited thereto.

[0359] For example, the electron transport zone can comprise a compound represented by the following formula 601:

[0360] Formula 601

[0361] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21 .

[0362] In formula 601,

[0363] Ar 601 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0364] xe11may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0365] L 601 may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group,

[0366] xe1may be an integer of 0 to 5,

[0367] R 601 may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q601 (Q) 602 (Q) 603 -C(=O)(Q) 601 -S(=O)2(Q) 601 ) and -P(=O)(Q 601 (Q) 602 ),

[0368] Q 601 To Q 603 Each can be C1-C independently. 10 Alkyl groups, C1-C 10 Alkoxy groups, phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, terphenyl groups, or naphthyl groups, and

[0369] xe21 can be an integer from 1 to 5.

[0370] In one or more embodiments, the number of Ar xe11 601 and the number of R in xe21 601 At least one of them may contain a nitrogen ring that is π-deficient.

[0371] In one or more embodiments, Ar in Formula 601 601 You can choose from:

[0372] Phenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorene group, spiro-difluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, dibenzo[a]fluorene group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluoranthene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, Groups, tetraphenyl group, styrene group, perylene group, pentaphenyl group, indene-anthracene group, dibenzofuran group, dibenzothiophene group, carbazole group, imidazole group, pyrazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, pyridine group, pyrazine group, pyrimidine group, pyridazine group, indazole group, purine group, quinoline group, isoquinoline group, benzoquinoline group, phthalazine group, naphthidine group, quinoxaline group, quinazolinoline group, cyclophosphine group, phenanthridine group, acridine group, phenanthrene-rhein group, phenazine group, benzimidazole group, isobenzothiazole group, benzoxazole group, isobenzoxazole group, triazole group, tetraazole group, oxadiazole group, triazine group, thiadiazole group, imidazopyridine group, imidazopyrimidine group and azacarbazole group; and

[0373] Each group is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, -Si(Q) 31 (Q)32 (Q) 33 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 At least one substituted phenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorene group, spiro-difluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, dibenzo[a]fluorene group, phenanthracene group, anthracene group, fluoranthracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, Groups, tetraphenyl group, styrene group, perylene group, pentaphenyl group, indene-anthracene group, dibenzofuran group, dibenzothiophene group, carbazole group, imidazole group, pyrazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, pyridine group, pyrazine group, pyrimidine group, pyridazine group, indazole group, purine group, quinoline group, isoquinoline group, benzoquinoline group, phthalazine group, naphthidine group, quinoxaline group, quinazoline group, cinnamicin group, phenanthridine group, acridine group, phenanthrene-rhein group, phenazine group, benzimidazole group, isobenzothiazole group, benzooxazole group, isobenzooxazole group, triazole group, tetraazole group, oxadiazole group, triazine group, thiadiazole group, imidazopyridine group, imidazopyrimidine group, and azacarbazole group,

[0374] Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl groups, C1-C 10 Alkoxy groups, phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, terphenyl groups, and naphthyl groups.

[0375] When xe11 in equation 601 is 2 or greater than 2, there are two or more Ar... 601 They can be connected to each other via a single key.

[0376] In one or more embodiments, Ar in Formula 601 601 It can be an anthracene group.

[0377] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula 601 may be represented by formula 601-1:

[0378] Formula 601-1

[0379]

[0380] In Equation 601-1,

[0381] X 614 It can be N or C(R) 614 ), X 615 It can be N or C(R) 615 ), X 616It can be N or C(R) 616 ), and X 614 To X 616 At least one of them can be N,

[0382] L 611 To L 613 They can be independently related to L 601 The descriptions are the same.

[0383] xe611 to xe613 can each be independently identical to the description concerning xe1.

[0384] R 611 To R 613 They can be independently related to R. 601 The same description, and

[0385] R 614 To R 616 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy groups, phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, terphenyl groups, and naphthyl groups.

[0386] In one or more embodiments, L in Formula 601 and Formula 601-1 601 and L 611 To L 613 Each can be selected independently from:

[0387] Phenylidene group, naphthyl group, fluorenelidene group, spiro-difluorenelidene group, benzo[a]fluorenelidene group, dibenzo[a]fluorenelidene group, phenanthrenelidene group, anthracenelidene group, fluorenethracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrenelidene group, pyrene group, etc. a phenylene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a thiophene group, a furan group, a carbazole group, an indole group, an isoindole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a diphenylene furan group, a diphenylene thiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a diphenylene carbazole group, a diphenylene thiazolopyrrol group, a pyridine group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a thiadiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzquinoline group, a phtalazine group, a naphthylidine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenarsenazine group, a phenoxazine group, a phenothiazine group, a phenazinium group, a phenazene group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; and

[0388] each being selected from deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidine group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzo-fluorenyl group, a dibenzo-fluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a benzophenanthryl group, a pyrenyl group, Peryl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazole group, indole group, isoindole group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazole group, dibenzocarbazole group, dibenzothiophene group, pyridyl group, imidazole group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiadiazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, benzoquinoline At least one substituted phenylene group, naphthidyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, phenanthrynyl group, acridineyl group, phenanthrolineyl group, phenazinyl group, benzimidazole group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, isobenzoxazolyl group, triazole group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridyl group, imidazopyrimidyl group, and azacarbazolyl group, naphthylene group, fluorene group, spiro-difluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, dibenzo[a]fluorene group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluorenyl anthracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, etc., selected from the following groups: phenylene group, naphthylene group, naphthylene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, etc. Perylene group, pentaphenylene group, hexaphenylene group, pentaphenylene group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazolyl group, indoleyl group, isoindoleyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazolyl group, dibenzocarbazolyl group, dibenzothiophene group, pyridinyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiazolyl diazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group The following groups are listed: pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolineyl group, isoquinolineyl group, benzo[a]quinolineyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphthidyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, phenanthrene-pyridinyl group, acridineyl group, phenanthrene-pyridinyl group, benzimidazoleyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzimidazoleyl group, isobenzoxazoleyl group, isobenzoxazoleyl group, triazoleyl group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, and zazacarbazolyl group.

[0389] However, the implementation of this disclosure is not limited to this.

[0390] In one or more embodiments, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formula 601 and Formula 601-1 can each be 0, 1 or 2 independently.

[0391] In one or more embodiments, R in Formula 601 and Formula 601-1 601 and R 611 To R 613 Each can be selected independently from:

[0392] Phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthryl group, anthraceneyl group, fluoranthraceneyl group, benzo[a]phenanthryl group, pyrene group, Peryl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazole group, indole group, isoindole group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazole group, dibenzocarbazole group, dibenzothiophene group, pyridinyl group, imidazole group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiadiazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group Groups, including pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, benzoquinolinyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, cyclophosphinyl group, phenanthridineyl group, acridineyl group, phenanthroxolinyl group, phenazinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, isobenzoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, and azacarbazolyl group;

[0393] Each group is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, triphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluoranthracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, Peryl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazole group, indole group, isoindole group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazole group, dibenzocarbazole group, dibenzothiophene group, pyridyl group, imidazole group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiadiazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, benzoquinoline The following groups are substituted with at least one of the following groups: phthalazinyl group, naphthidyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, phenanthrynyl group, acridineyl group, phenanthrolineyl group, phenazinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, isobenzoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridyl group, imidazopyrimidyl group, and azacarbazolyl group; a substituted phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[fluorenyl]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[fluorenyl]fluorenyl group, phenanthrene group, anthraceneyl group, fluoranthraceneyl group, benzo[phenanthreneyl]pyrene group. Peryl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazole group, indole group, isoindole group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazole group, dibenzocarbazole group, dibenzothiophene group, pyridyl group, imidazole group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiadiazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group Pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, benzoquinolinyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, cyclophosphinyl group, phenanthridineyl group, acridineyl group, phenanthroxolinyl group, phenazinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, isobenzoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, and azacarbazolyl group; and

[0394] -S(=O)2(Q 601 ) and -P(=O)(Q 601 (Q) 602 ),

[0395] Q 601 and Q 602 Same as described above.

[0396] The electron transport zone can include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of Compound ET1 to Compound ET36, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0397]

[0398]

[0399]

[0400] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport zone can include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq3, BAlq, 3-(diphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), and NTAZ.

[0401]

[0402] The thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layer can each independently be about to about For example, the thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layer can each independently be about to about When the thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layer are each independently within any one of these ranges, excellent (or improved) hole blocking characteristics and / or excellent (or improved) electron control characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0403] The thickness of the electron transport layer can be about to about For example, the thickness of the electron transport layer can be about to about When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the above-described ranges, the electron transport layer can have satisfactory (or suitable) electron transport characteristics without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0404] In addition to the above-described materials, the electron transport zone (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport zone) can further include a metal-containing material.

[0405] The metal-containing material can include at least one selected from an alkali metal complex and an alkaline earth metal complex. The alkali metal complex can include a metal ion selected from Li ion, Na ion, K ion, Rb ion, and Cs ion, and the alkaline earth metal complex can include a metal ion selected from Be ion, Mg ion, Ca ion, Sr ion, and Ba ion. The ligand coordinated to the metal ion of the alkali metal complex or the alkaline earth metal complex can be selected from hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl oxazole, hydroxyphenyl thiazole, hydroxyphenyl oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl pyridine, hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, and cyclopentadiene, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0406] For example, the metal-containing material can include a Li complex. The Li complex can include, for example, compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) and / or compound ET-D2:

[0407]

[0408] The electron transport zone can include an electron injection layer that facilitates electron injection from the second electrode 190. The electron injection layer can directly contact the second electrode 190.

[0409] The electron injection layer can have i) a single layer structure including (e.g., consisting of) a single layer including (e.g., consisting of) a single material, ii) a single layer structure including (e.g., consisting of) a single layer including (e.g., consisting of) a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers including (e.g., consisting of) a plurality of different materials.

[0410] The electron injection layer can include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.

[0411] The alkali metal can be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. In one or more embodiments, the alkali metal can be Li, Na, or Cs. In one or more embodiments, the alkali metal can be Li or Cs, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0412] The alkaline earth metal can be selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

[0413] The rare earth metal can be selected from Sc, Y, Ce, Yb, Gd, and Tb.

[0414] The alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and rare earth metal compounds can be selected from oxides and halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and / or iodides) of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals, respectively.

[0415] The alkali metal compounds can be selected from alkali metal oxides (e.g., Li2O, Cs2O, and / or K2O) and alkali metal halides (e.g., LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, and / or RbI). In one or more embodiments, the alkali metal compounds can be selected from LiF, Li2O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and KI, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0416] The alkaline earth metal compounds can be selected from alkaline earth metal oxides, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (0 < x < 1), and / or Ba x Ca 1-x O (0 < x < 1). In one or more embodiments, the alkaline earth metal compounds can be selected from BaO, SrO, and CaO, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0417] The rare earth metal compounds can be selected from YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, ScO3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, and TbF3. In one or more embodiments, the rare earth metal compounds can be selected from YbF3, ScF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, and TbI3, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0418] The alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, and rare earth metal complexes can comprise ions of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals as described above, and the ligand coordinated to the metal ion of the alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, or rare earth metal complex can be selected from hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl-oxazole, hydroxyphenyl-thiazole, hydroxyphenyl-oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl-thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl-pyridine, hydroxyphenyl-benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl-benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, and cyclopentadiene, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0419] The electron injection layer can include (e.g., can consist of) an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof, as described above. In one or more embodiments, the electron injection layer can further include an organic material. When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the rare earth metal, the alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, the rare earth metal compound, the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, the rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof can be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in a matrix including the organic material.

[0420] The thickness of the electron injection layer can be about 1 nm to about 10 nm. to about 5 nm. For example, about 1 nm to about 2 nm. to about 5 nm. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is in the above-described range, the electron injection layer can have satisfactory (or suitable) electron injection properties without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0421] The second electrode 190

[0422] The second electrode 190 is located on the organic layer 150 described above. The second electrode 190 can be a cathode as an electron injection electrode, and in this regard, a material used to form the second electrode 190 can be selected from a metal, an alloy, a conductive compound, and combinations thereof, having a relatively low work function.

[0423] The second electrode 190 can include at least one selected from lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ITO, and IZO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The second electrode 190 can be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

[0424] The second electrode 190 can have a single layer structure, or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers.

[0425] Meanwhile, the organic light emitting device 10, the organic light emitting device 20, the organic light emitting device 30, and the organic light emitting device 40 can each further include at least one selected from a first cover layer located under the first electrode and a second cover layer located on the second electrode.

[0426] The light generated in the emission layer of the organic layer 150 of each of the organic light emitting device 10, the organic light emitting device 20, the organic light emitting device 30, and the organic light emitting device 40 can be guided toward the outside through the first electrode 110 and the first capping layer (each of which can be semi-transmissive or transmissive), and / or the light generated in the emission layer of the organic layer 150 of each of the organic light emitting device 10, the organic light emitting device 20, the organic light emitting device 30, and the organic light emitting device 40 can be guided toward the outside through the second electrode 190 and the second capping layer (each of which can be semi-transmissive or transmissive).

[0427] The first capping layer and the second capping layer can increase external light emission efficiency according to the principle of constructive interference.

[0428] The first capping layer and the second capping layer can each independently be an organic capping layer containing (e.g., consisting of) an organic material, an inorganic capping layer containing (e.g., consisting of) an inorganic material, or a composite capping layer containing an organic material and an inorganic material.

[0429] At least one selected from the first capping layer and the second capping layer can each independently contain at least one material selected from a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amine-based compound, a porphyrin derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, and an alkaline earth metal complex. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the amine-based compound can each independently be optionally substituted with a substituent containing at least one element selected from O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, and I. In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first capping layer and the second capping layer can each independently contain an amine-based compound.

[0430] In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first capping layer and the second capping layer can each independently contain a compound represented by Formula 201 or a compound represented by Formula 202.

[0431] In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first capping layer and the second capping layer can each independently contain a compound selected from the group consisting of Compound HT28 to Compound HT33 and Compound CP1 to Compound CP5, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0432]

[0433] In the above, an organic light emitting device according to embodiments has been described with reference to Figures 1 to 4 However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0434] [ Figure 9 The description of the above]

[0435] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0436] Figure 9 The light emitting apparatus of includes a substrate 100, a thin film transistor (TFT), a light emitting device, and a package portion 300 sealing the light emitting device.

[0437] The substrate 100 can be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, or a metal substrate. A buffer layer 210 can be located on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 prevents or reduces impurities from penetrating through the substrate 100 and can provide a flat surface on the substrate 100.

[0438] The TFT can be located on the buffer layer 210. The TFT can include an active layer (e.g., an active layer) 220, a gate electrode 240, a source electrode 260, and a drain electrode 270.

[0439] The active layer 220 can include an inorganic semiconductor such as silicon or polysilicon, an organic semiconductor, or an oxide semiconductor, and can include a source region, a drain region, and a channel region.

[0440] A gate insulating film 230 for insulating the active layer 220 from the gate electrode 240 can be located on the active layer 220, and the gate electrode 240 can be located on the gate insulating film 230.

[0441] An intermediate insulating film 250 can be located on the gate electrode 240. The intermediate insulating film 250 can be located between the gate electrode 240 and the source electrode 260 to insulate the gate electrode 240 from the source electrode 260, and between the gate electrode 240 and the drain electrode 270 to insulate the gate electrode 240 from the drain electrode 270.

[0442] The source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 can be located on the intermediate insulating film 250. The intermediate insulating film 250 and the gate insulating film 230 can be formed to expose the source region and the drain region of the active layer 220, and the source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 can be positioned to be in contact with the exposed portions of the source region and the drain region of the active layer 220.

[0443] The TFT can be electrically connected to the light emitting device to drive the light emitting device, and can be covered by a passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 can include an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or a combination thereof. The light emitting device can be provided on the passivation layer 280. The light emitting device includes a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190.

[0444] The first electrode 110 can be located on the passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 does not completely cover the drain electrode 270 and exposes a portion of the drain electrode 270, and the first electrode 110 can be connected to the exposed portion of the drain electrode 270.

[0445] A pixel-defining layer 290 including an insulating material can be located on the first electrode 110. The pixel-defining layer 290 can expose a certain area of the first electrode 110, and the organic layer 150 can be formed in the exposed area of the first electrode 110. The pixel-defining layer 290 can be a polyimide-based organic film and / or a polyacryl-based organic film. In an embodiment, one or more portions or layers of the organic layer 150 can extend beyond the upper portion of the pixel-defining layer 290, and thus can be positioned in the form of a common layer.

[0446] The second electrode 190 can be located on the organic layer 150, and a cover layer 170 can additionally be formed on the second electrode 190. The cover layer 170 can be formed to cover the second electrode 190.

[0447] An encapsulation part 300 can be located on the cover layer 170. The encapsulation part 300 can be located on the light emitting device, and protect the light emitting device from moisture or oxygen. The encapsulation part 300 can include an inorganic film including silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or a combination thereof; an organic film including polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyformaldehyde, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, an acrylic resin (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate and / or polyacrylic acid), an epoxy-based resin (e.g., aliphatic glycidyl ether (AGE)), or a combination thereof; or a combination of the inorganic film and the organic film.

[0448] The layers constituting the hole transport zone, the emission layer, and the layers constituting the electron transport zone can each independently be formed in a certain zone by using a suitable method selected from one or more of vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging.

[0449] When any one of the layers constituting the hole transport zone, the emission layer, and the layers constituting the electron transport zone is formed by vacuum deposition, deposition can be performed at a deposition temperature of about 100℃ to about 500℃, a vacuum degree of about 10 -8 tor to about 10 -3 tor, and a deposition speed of about seconds to about seconds.

[0450] When any of the layers constituting the hole transport zone, the emission layer, and the layer constituting the electron transport zone is formed by spin coating, spin coating can be performed at a coating rate of about 2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm and at a heat treatment temperature of about 80 °C to 200 °C, by considering the material to be contained in the layer to be formed and the structure of the layer to be formed.

[0451] General definitions of substituents

[0452] The term “C1-C 60 alkyl group” refers to a linear or branched aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent group having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, and a hexyl group. In some embodiments, the C1-C 60 alkyl group” refers to a linear or branched aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent group having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, and a hexyl group. In some embodiments, the C1-C 30 alkyl group” refers to a linear or branched aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent group having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, and a hexyl group. In some embodiments, the C1-C 20 alkyl group” refers to a linear or branched aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent group having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, and a hexyl group. In some embodiments, the C1-C 10 alkyl group” refers to a linear or branched aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent group having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, and a hexyl group. In some embodiments, the C1-C 60 alkylene group” refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a C1-C 60 alkylene group” refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a C1-C

[0453] The term “C2-C 60 alkenyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle and / or at either terminus of a C2-C 60 alkenyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle and / or at either terminus of a C2-C 60 alkenyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle and / or at either terminus of a C2-C 30 alkenyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle and / or at either terminus of a C2-C 20 alkenyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle and / or at either terminus of a C2-C 10 alkenyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle and / or at either terminus of a C2-C 60 alkenylene group” refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a C2-C 60 alkenylene group” refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a C2-C

[0454] The term “C2-C 60 alkynyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle and / or at either terminus of a C2-C 60 alkynyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle and / or at either terminus of a C2-C 60 alkynyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle and / or at either terminus of a C2-C 30 alkynyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle and / or at either terminus of a C2-C 20 alkynyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle and / or at either terminus of a C2-C 10Alkynyl group. As used in this article, "C2-C" 60 "Imyynyl group" refers to a group that has a C2-C... 60 A divalent group with the same structure as the alkynyl group.

[0455] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkoxy group" refers to the group consisting of -OA 101 (where A) 101 For C1-C 60 The alkyl group is a monovalent group, and non-limiting examples of it include methoxy groups, ethoxy groups and isopropoxy groups.

[0456] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkyl group" refers to a monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl groups. As used herein, the term "C3-C" is also relevant. 10 "Cycloalkylene group" refers to a group that has a C3-C6 bond structure. 10 A divalent group with the same structure as a cycloalkyl group.

[0457] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl group" refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 heteroatoms) as a cyclizing atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms as the remaining cyclizing atoms, and non-limiting examples include 1,2,4-oxatriazole alkyl groups, tetrahydrofuranyl groups, and tetrahydrothiophenyl groups. The term "C1-C" as used herein is also used. 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl groups" refers to groups with C1-C2 groups. 10 Divalent groups with the same structure as heterocyclic alkyl groups.

[0458] The term "C3-C" used in this article 10 "Cycloalkenyl group" refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring and lacking aromaticity, and non-limiting examples include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl groups. As used herein, the term "C3-C" is also relevant. 10 "Iridyl group" refers to a group that has a C3-C6 bond structure. 10 A divalent group with the same structure as the cycloalkenyl group.

[0459] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10A "heterocyclic alkenyl group" refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) selected from N, O, Si, P and S as cyclic atoms, 1 to 10 carbon atoms as the remaining cyclic atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring. C1-C 10 Non-limiting examples of heterocyclic alkenyl groups include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxatriazolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, and 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl groups. As used herein, the term "C1-C..." 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl group" refers to a group that has a C1-C2 bond structure. 10 A divalent group with the same structure as a heterocyclic alkenyl group.

[0460] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 An aryl group is a monovalent group that forms a carbocyclic aromatic system containing 6 to 60 carbon atoms. (C6-C) 60 Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, anthracene groups, phenanthrene groups, pyrene groups, and... Base group. In some embodiments, C6-C 60 The aryl group can be C6-C. 30 aryl group, C6-C 24 aryl group or C6-C 18 Aryl group. The term "C6-C" is used herein. 60 "Aromatic group" refers to a group that has a C6-C bond structure. 60 A divalent group with the same structure as the aryl group. When C6-C... 60 aryl groups and C6-C 60 When each of the aryl groups independently comprises two or more rings, the corresponding two or more rings can be fused together.

[0461] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 A "heteroaryl group" refers to a monovalent group in a heterocyclic aromatic system having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 heteroatoms) as a cyclic atom in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms. C1-C 60 Non-limiting examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, and isoquinolinyl groups. In some embodiments, C1-C 60 The heteroaryl group can be C1-C 30 heteroaryl groups, C1-C 24 heteroaryl groups or C1-C 18heteroaryl group. The term "C1-C 60 heteroarylene group" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a C1-C 60 heteroaryl group. When the C1-C 60 heteroaryl group and the C1-C 60 heteroarylene group each independently comprises two or more rings, the respective two or more rings can be fused (e.g., joined) to one another.

[0462] The term "C6-C 60 aryloxy group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by -OA 102 wherein A 102 is a C6-C 60 aryl group. The term "C6-C 60 arylthio group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by -SA 103 wherein A 103 is a C6-C 60 aryl group.

[0463] The term "monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings fused to one another, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms (e.g., 8 to 60 carbon atoms, such as 8 to 30 or 8 to 24 carbon atoms), and no aromaticity throughout its molecular structure (e.g., the molecular structure is non-aromatic as a whole). A non-limiting example of a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group is a fluorenyl group. The term "divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group.

[0464] The term "monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings fused to one another, at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 heteroatoms) selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as ring-forming atoms in addition to carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 60 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 30 or 1 to 24 carbon atoms), and no aromaticity throughout its molecular structure (e.g., the molecular structure is non-aromatic as a whole). A non-limiting example of a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. The term "divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group.

[0465] The term "C5-C 60A "carbocyclic group" refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic group consisting of 5 to 60 carbon atoms, containing only carbon atoms as cyclic atoms. (C5-C) 60 The carbocyclic group can be an aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclic group. C5-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be a ring (e.g., benzene), a monovalent group (e.g., a phenyl group), or a divalent group (e.g., a phenylene group). In one or more embodiments, depending on the linkage to C5-C... 60 The number of substituents in the carbocyclic group, C5-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be trivalent or tetravalent. In some embodiments, C5-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be C5-C 30 Carbocyclic groups, C5-C 24 Carbocyclic groups or C5-C 18 Carbon ring group.

[0466] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Heterocyclic group" refers to a group that has a cyclic structure similar to C5-C6. 60 A group with the same structure as a carbocyclic group, but in addition to carbon atoms (the number of carbon atoms can be 1 to 60, for example 1 to 30 or 1 to 24 carbon atoms), it uses at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P and S (for example 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, for example 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) as the cyclic atom.

[0467] In this specification, C5-C is replaced. 60 Carbocyclic groups, substituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene groups, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, substituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, substituted C1-C 60 alkoxy groups, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted C1-C 10heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted C6-C 60 aralkyl group, substituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group and substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group can be selected from:

[0468] deuterium (-D), -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 60 alkyl group, C2-C 60 alkenyl group, C2-C 60 alkynyl group and C1-C 60 alkoxy group;

[0469] each independently selected from deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, C6-C 60 aryl group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aralkyl group, C1-C 60 heteroaryl group, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), -N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -C(=0)(Q 11 ), -S(=0)2(Q 11 ) and -P(=0)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) substituted C1-C 60 alkyl group, C2-C 60 alkenyl group, C2-C 60 alkynyl group and C1-C 60 alkoxy group;

[0470] C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, C1-C 10 cycloalkenyl group, C1-C 60 aryl group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, C1-C 60 heteroaryl group, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, and monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group;

[0471] each is substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C1-C 60 alkyl group, C2-C 60 alkenyl group, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, C6-C 60 aryl group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, C1-C 60 heteroaryl group, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), -N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -C(=O)(Q 21 ), -S(=O)2(Q 21 ), and -P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, C6-C 60 aryl group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, C1-C 60 heteroaryl group, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, and monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group; and

[0472] -Si(Q31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),

[0473] Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, C6-C 60 aryl group, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, biphenyl groups, and terphenyl groups.

[0474] As used herein, the term "Ph" refers to a phenyl group, "Me" refers to a methyl group, "Et" refers to an ethyl group, and "tert-Bu" or "Bu" refers to a tert-Bu group. t "" refers to the tert-butyl group, and as used herein, the term "OMe" refers to the methyl methacrylate group.

[0475] As used herein, the term "biphenyl group" refers to a "phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group." For example, a "biphenyl group" can be a group with a C6-C... 60 "Aromatic group" is "substituted phenyl group" as a substituent.

[0476] As used herein, the term "terphenyl group" refers to "a phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group." For example, a "terphenyl group" can be a phenyl group having a C6-C... 60C6-C10aryl group-substituted C1-C10alkyl group 60 "Substituted phenyl group" as a substituent group.

[0477] Unless otherwise defined, each of and refers to the point of attachment to the adjacent atom in the corresponding formula, as used herein.

[0478] Hereinafter, the organic light emitting device according to the embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.

[0479] Example

[0480] Comparative Example 1

[0481] As a substrate and anode, each of a first glass substrate (in which ITO having a sheet resistance of 15 Ω / cm2was formed) purchased from Corning, Inc., a second glass substrate (in which Ag was formed) and a third glass substrate (in which ITO having a sheet resistance of 15 Ω / cm2was formed) purchased from Corning, Inc. were cut into a size of 50 mm x 50 mm x 0.7 mm, ultrasonically cleaned with isopropanol and pure water for 5 minutes each, and then cleaned by ultraviolet irradiation and exposure to ozone for 30 minutes. Then, the first glass substrate to the third glass substrate were sequentially stacked to form an anode and loaded onto a vacuum deposition apparatus. 2 2

[0482] HT3 and F4-TCNQ were deposited on the anode in a weight ratio of 9:1 to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm.

[0483] HT3 was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm.

[0484] HT18 was deposited on the hole transport layer to form an HT-assist layer, and H8 and FD5 (here, the amount of FD5 was 1 wt%) were co-deposited thereon to form an emission layer having a thickness of 20 nm, thereby completing the formation of a first emission unit.

[0485] ET28 was deposited on the first emission unit to form an ET-assist layer.

[0486] ET1 and LiQ were deposited on the ET-assist layer in a weight ratio of 5:5 to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm.

[0487] ​​​​​​​ET36 and Yb (here, the amount of Yb is 5 wt%) are co-deposited on the electron transport layer to form an n-type charge generation layer having a thickness of 5 nm, and F4-TCNQ is deposited thereon to form a p-type charge generation layer, thereby completing the formation of the first charge generation layer.

[0488] HT3 is deposited on the first charge generation layer to form a hole transport layer.

[0489] HT18 is deposited on the hole transport layer to form an HT-assisted layer, and H8 and FD5 (here, the amount of FD5 is 1 wt%) are co-deposited thereon to form an emission layer having a thickness of 5 nm, thereby completing the formation of the second emission unit.

[0490] ET28 is deposited on the second emission unit to form an ET-assisted layer.

[0491] ET1 and LiQ are deposited on the ET-assisted layer in a weight ratio of 5:5 to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 5 nm.

[0492] Yb is deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer, thereby completing the formation of the electron transport region.

[0493] Ag and Mg (in a weight ratio of 5:5) are deposited on the electron transport region to form a cathode, and HT28 is deposited on the cathode to form a capping layer, thereby completing the manufacture of the organic light emitting device.

[0494] Example 1

[0495] An organic light emitting device is manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, but the material for the p-type charge generation layer is changed to HT3 and Bi2Te3 (here, the amount of Bi2Te3 is 5 wt%), Bi2Te3 is deposited on the n-type charge generation layer as an intermediate layer, and the p-type charge generation layer is deposited on the intermediate layer.

[0496] Example 2

[0497] An organic light emitting device is manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example 1, but the amount of Bi2Te3 in the p-type charge generation layer is changed to 10 wt%. ​​​

[0498] Example 3

[0499] An organic light emitting device was produced in substantially the same manner as in Example 1, but the amount of Bi2Te3 in the p-type charge generation layer was changed to 15 wt%.

[0500] Example 4

[0501] An organic light emitting device was produced in substantially the same manner as in Example 1, but the thickness of the intermediate layer was changed to 10 nm.

[0502] Example 5

[0503] An organic light emitting device was produced in substantially the same manner as in Example 2, but the thickness of the intermediate layer was changed to 10 nm.

[0504] Example 6

[0505] An organic light emitting device was produced in substantially the same manner as in Example 3, but the thickness of the intermediate layer was changed to 10 nm.

[0506] Comparative Example 2

[0507] An organic light emitting device was produced in substantially the same manner as in Example 1, but the material for the p-type charge generation layer was changed to an alloy of Yb and Te (amount: 10 wt%).

[0508] Comparative Example 3

[0509] An organic light emitting device was produced in substantially the same manner as in Example 1, but the material for the p-type charge generation layer was changed to BiI3.

[0510] Comparative Example 4

[0511] An organic light emitting device was produced in substantially the same manner as in Example 1, but the material for the p-type charge generation layer was changed to KI (amount: 10 wt%).

[0512] Evaluation Example 1

[0513] The driving voltage, current density (mA / cm2) at the corresponding voltage, efficiency (Cd / A), white emission efficiency (Im / W), color coordinates (CIE_x, CIE_y), and efficiency (Cd / A / y) of the organic light emitting devices produced according to Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were measured and are shown in Table 2, and the change in current density according to voltage and maximum emission wavelength were measured and are shown in Table 3 and Table 4, respectively. 2 Figure 5 Figure 6 ​​​

[0514] Table 2

[0515]

[0516] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 Table 2, the organic light-emitting device manufactured according to Examples 1 to 6 can have a reduced driving voltage and a higher current density at the same voltage compared to the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Comparative Examples 1 to 4 (for example, in the case of the same (low) voltage as that of the Examples), and can have a color purity and emission efficiency greater than or equal to or not significantly lower than those of the devices in the related art.

[0517] For example, referring to Figure 6 , the emission wavelength of the organic light-emitting device manufactured according to Examples 1 to 6 is not significantly different from that of the devices in the related art, and thus can emit blue light.

[0518] Example 7

[0519] As a substrate and an anode, each of a first glass substrate (in which ITO having a sheet resistance of 15 Ω / cm 2 purchased from Corning), a second glass substrate (in which Ag having a thickness of 100 nm was formed), and a third glass substrate (in which ITO having a sheet resistance of 15 Ω / cm 2 purchased from Corning) was cut into a size of 50 mm x 50 mm x 0.7 mm, was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropanol and pure water for 5 minutes each, and then cleaned by ultraviolet irradiation and exposure to ozone for 30 minutes. Then, the first glass substrate to the third glass substrate were sequentially stacked to form an anode and loaded onto a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0520] HT3 and F4-TCNQ were deposited on the anode in a weight ratio of 9:1 to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm.

[0521] HT3 was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer.

[0522] HT18 was deposited on the hole transport layer to form an HT-assisted layer, and H8 and FD5 (here, the amount of FD5 was 1 wt%) were co-deposited thereon to form an emission layer having a thickness of 30 nm , thereby completing the formation of a first emission unit.

[0523] ET28 was deposited on the first emission unit to form an ET-assisted layer.​

[0524] ET1 is deposited on the ET-assist layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 100 A.

[0525] ET36 and Yb (here, the amount of Yb is 1 wt%) are co-deposited on the electron transport layer to form an n-type charge generation layer having a thickness of 100 A, and HT3 and PbTe (here, the amount of PbTe is 5 wt%) are co-deposited thereon to form a p-type charge generation layer having a thickness of 100 A, thereby completing the formation of the first charge generation layer.

[0526] HT3 is deposited on the first charge generation layer to form a hole transport layer.

[0527] HT18 is deposited on the hole transport layer to form an HT-assist layer, and H8 and FD5 (here, the amount of FD5 is 1 wt%) are co-deposited thereon to form an emission layer having a thickness of 100 A, thereby completing the formation of the second emission unit.

[0528] ET28 is deposited on the second emission unit to form an ET-assist layer.

[0529] ET1 is deposited on the ET-assist layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 100 A.

[0530] Yb is deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer, thereby completing the formation of the electron transport zone. Ag and Mg (a weight ratio of 5:5) are deposited on the electron transport zone to form a cathode, and HT28 is deposited on the cathode to form a capping layer, thereby completing the manufacture of the organic light emitting device.

[0531]

[0532] Example 8

[0533] An organic light emitting device is manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example 7, but 1 wt% of CuI is deposited on the n-type charge generation layer to additionally form an assist layer between the n-type charge generation layer and the p-type charge generation layer, the amount of CuI being based on the total weight of the p-type charge generation layer.

[0534] Example 9

[0535] ​​​​​​​​​​​An organic light emitting device was fabricated in substantially the same manner as in Example 7, but the p-type charge generation layer further included 1 wt% of Cul, based on the total weight of the p-type charge generation layer.

[0536] Example 10

[0537] An organic light emitting device was fabricated in substantially the same manner as in Example 7, but the p-type charge generation layer further included 3 wt% of Cul, based on the total weight of the p-type charge generation layer.

[0538] Example 11

[0539] An organic light emitting device was fabricated in substantially the same manner as in Example 7, but the p-type charge generation layer further included 5 wt% of Cul, based on the total weight of the p-type charge generation layer.

[0540] Example 12

[0541] An organic light emitting device was fabricated in substantially the same manner as in Example 7, but the p-type charge generation layer further included 7 wt% of Cul, based on the total weight of the p-type charge generation layer.

[0542] Example 13

[0543] An organic light emitting device was fabricated in substantially the same manner as in Example 7, but the p-type charge generation layer further included 10 wt% of Cul, based on the total weight of the p-type charge generation layer.

[0544] Example 14

[0545] An organic light emitting device was fabricated in substantially the same manner as in Example 8, but 3 wt% of Cul was deposited to form an auxiliary layer.

[0546] Example 15

[0547] An organic light emitting device was fabricated in substantially the same manner as in Example 8, but 5 wt% of Cul was deposited to form an auxiliary layer.

[0548] Example 16

[0549] An organic light emitting device was fabricated in substantially the same manner as in Example 8, but 7 wt% of Cul was deposited to form an auxiliary layer.

[0550] Example 17

[0551] An organic light emitting device was fabricated in substantially the same manner as in Example 8, but 10 wt% of Cul was deposited to form an auxiliary layer.

[0552] Evaluation Example 2

[0553] The conductivity of the organic light emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 7 to 17 was measured, and the change in conductivity according to temperature was measured, and are shown in Table 1, respectively. Figure 7 and Figure 8 .

[0554] Referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the organic light emitting devices further including Cul and manufactured according to Examples 8 to 17 have superior conductivity compared to the organic light emitting device manufactured according to Example 7 not including Cul.

[0555] The organic light emitting device can have a low driving voltage, high efficiency, and long service life.

[0556] As used herein, the terms "use," "using," and "used" can be considered synonymous with the terms "utilize," "utilizing," and "utilized," respectively.

[0557] Further, the terms "substantially," "about," and similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, unless otherwise stated, and are meant to account for the inherent deviations in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0558] Further, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recited range. For example, a range of "1.0 to 10.0" is intended to include all sub-ranges, for example, 2.4 to 7.6, 3.1 to 6.1, etc., within the same numerical precision. Any maximum numerical limitation recited herein is intended to include all lower numerical limitations subsumed therein and any minimum numerical limitation recited in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limitations subsumed therein. Accordingly, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification, including the claims, to expressly recite any sub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited in this specification.

[0559] It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are to be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as being applicable to other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the attached drawings, it will be evident for those skilled in the art that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An organic light emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; m emission units between the first electrode and the second electrode, each of the m emission units including at least one emission layer; and m-1 charge generation layers between two adjacent emission units among the m emission units, each of the m-1 charge generation layers including an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer, wherein m is 2 or an integer greater than 2, at least one of the m-1 p-type charge generation layers comprises a first inorganic material, wherein the first inorganic material is a compound including a post-transition metal and a metalloid, the post-transition metal is at least one selected from Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, Pb, Fl, Bi, and Po, the metalloid is at least one selected from B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, and At, and at least one of the m-1 n-type charge generation layers comprises a metal.

2. The organic light emitting device of claim 1, wherein, a composition ratio of the post-transition metal and the metalloid is 50:1 to 1:

50. 3.The organic light emitting device of claim 1, wherein an absolute value of a work function of the first inorganic material is 3.0 eV or greater than 3.0 eV. 4.The organic light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the post-transition metal is at least one selected from Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, Pb, Fl, and Bi. 5.The organic light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the metalloid is at least one selected from Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te.

6. The organic light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first inorganic material is at least one selected from Bi2Te3, Bi7Te3, Bi2Te, Bi4Te3, BiTe, Bi6Te7, Bi4Te5, Bi x Te y , In2Te3, Ga2Te2, Al2Te3, Tl2Te3, SnTe, PbTe, FlTe, AlInSb, AlGaSb, AlAsSb, GaAs, InSb, AlSb, Al a In a Sb, Al b In (1-b) Sb, AlSb, GaSb, and AlInGaAs, wherein 0 < x < 100, 0 < y < 100, 0 < x + y < 100, 0 < a < 1, and 0 < b < 1. 7.The organic light emitting device of claim 1, wherein a thermal evaporation temperature of the first inorganic material is 1,000 °C or less than 1,000 °C. 8.The organic light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the m-1 n-type charge generation layers further comprise a metal-free compound including at least one ring containing a π-electron deficient nitrogen, a compound represented by Formula 601, a metal oxide, a metal carbide, a metal halide, or any mixture thereof: Formula 601 [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21 , wherein in Formula 601, Ar 601 is a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, xe11 is 1, 2, or 3, L 601 substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 substituted or unsubstituted C1-C xe1 is an integer of 0 to 5, R 601 substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylthio group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 601 )(Q 602 )(Q 603 ), -C(=O)(Q 601 ), -S(=O)2(Q 601 ), and -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ), Q 601 to Q 603 each independently is a C1-C 10 alkyl group, a C1-C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, and xe21 is an integer of 1 to 5. 9.The organic light emitting device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the m-1 p-type charge generation layers comprises the first inorganic material and a hole transport material. 10.The organic light emitting device of claim 9, wherein an amount of the first inorganic material in at least one of the m-1 p-type charge generation layers is selected to be 0.01 parts by weight to 49.9 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the hole transport material. 11.The organic light emitting device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the m-1 charge generation layers further includes an interlayer between the n-type charge generation layer and the p-type charge generation layer. 12.The organic light emitting device of claim 11, wherein the interlayer comprises the first inorganic material.

13. The organic light emitting device of claim 12, wherein at least one of the m-1 n-type charge generation layers and the m-1 p-type charge generation layers comprises a first inorganic material different from the first inorganic material in the interlayer.

14. The organic light emitting device of claim 1, further comprising a second inorganic material, the second inorganic material being at least one selected from the group consisting of a halide compound of a transition metal, a halide compound of a post-transition metal, and combinations thereof.

15. The organic light emitting device of claim 14, wherein the second inorganic material is at least one selected from the group consisting of CuF, CuCl, CuBr, Cul, NiF2, NiCl2, NiBr2, Nii2, ZnF2, ZnCl2, ZnBr2, Zni2, ZnF4, and Zni4.

16. The organic light emitting device of claim 14, wherein the second inorganic material is in: i) a charge generation layer comprising the first inorganic material in the n-type charge generation layer and the p-type charge generation layer; ii) an auxiliary layer adjacent to a charge generation layer comprising the first inorganic material; or iii) both the charge generation layer comprising the first inorganic material and the auxiliary layer.

17. The organic light emitting device of claim 1, wherein m is 2 or 3.

18. A flat panel display device comprising: a thin film transistor comprising a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer; and the organic light emitting device of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the first electrode of the organic light emitting device is electrically coupled to one selected from the group consisting of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor. ​

Images