Broadcast signal frame generation device and method

Abstract

This disclosure provides a broadcast signal frame generation apparatus and method. An apparatus for generating a broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhancement layer signal; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving applied to both the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for signaling start position information and size information for each physical layer channel (PLP) in a physical layer channel. In this case, the physical layer channels include a core physical layer channel corresponding to the core layer signal and an enhancement physical layer channel corresponding to the enhancement layer signal.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the invention patent application filed on July 5, 2017, with application number "201780054742.4" and titled "Broadcast signal frame generation apparatus and broadcast signal frame generation method using enhancement layer physical layer channel". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to broadcast signal transmission / reception technology used in broadcast systems, and more specifically, to broadcast signal transmission / reception systems using time interleaving. Background Technology

[0003] Bit-interleaved coding modulation (BICM) is a bandwidth-efficient transmission technique that is implemented by combining error-correcting encoders, bit-by-bit interleavers, and higher-order modulators.

[0004] Because BICM uses a low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoder or a turbo encoder as its error correction encoder, it can deliver excellent performance with a simple architecture. Furthermore, BICM offers advanced flexibility because the modulation order, error correction code length, and code rate can be selected in various ways. Due to these advantages, BICM has been adopted in broadcast standards such as DVB-T2 and DVB-NGH, and has a high probability of being used in other next-generation broadcast systems.

[0005] To support multiple services simultaneously, multiplexing is required, that is, the processing of multiple signals. Among multiplexing technologies, widely used techniques currently include Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), suitable for dividing and using time resources, and Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), suitable for dividing and using frequency resources. In other words, TDM is a method of allocating time periods to various services, while FDM is a technique of allocating frequency resource segments to various services and then using them. Recently, there has been an urgent need for a new multiplexing technology suitable for next-generation broadcast systems that offers greater flexibility and performance than TDM and FDM.

[0006] When sending a service using multiple physical layer channels, the decoding process can be greatly altered depending on the time interleaving pattern corresponding to the physical layer channels. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Technical issues

[0008] One object of the present invention is to provide a scheme for signaling parameters, wherein the scheme enables the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel that have undergone layer multiplexing to be correctly recovered.

[0009] Furthermore, one objective of this invention is to enable the core layer physical layer channels and the enhancement layer physical layer channels to be correctly recovered when the size information and start position information of the enhancement layer physical layer channels are changed by time interleaving (inter-frame interleaving).

[0010] Technical solution

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an apparatus for generating broadcast signal frames, comprising: a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining core layer signals and enhancement layer signals; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving applied to both the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate broadcast signal frames, wherein the broadcast signal frames include a preamble for signaling start position information and size information for each physical layer channel (PLP) in a physical layer channel (PLP). In this case, the physical layer channel (PLP) includes a core layer physical layer channel corresponding to the core layer signal and an enhancement layer physical layer channel corresponding to the enhancement layer signal.

[0012] In this case, a different generation scheme than that used for the core layer physical layer channels can be used to generate the start position and size information of the enhancement layer physical layer channels.

[0013] In this case, the start position information and size information of the core layer physical layer channel can be generated based on the first reference timing, and the start position information and size information of the enhancement layer physical layer channel can be generated based on the second reference timing, which is different from the first reference timing.

[0014] In this case, the start position and size information of the enhancement layer physical layer channel can be defined before time interleaving.

[0015] In this case, the start position and size information of the core layer physical layer channel can be defined within the current subframe.

[0016] In this case, the start position and size information of the core layer physical layer channel can be defined based on the time interleaving.

[0017] In this case, the size information can be set based on the number of data units allocated to each physical layer channel.

[0018] In this case, the start position information can be set to the index corresponding to the first data unit of each physical layer channel.

[0019] In this case, the start position information and size information can be included in the preamble of each physical layer channel without checking the conditional statement corresponding to the layer identification information.

[0020] Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for generating a broadcast signal frame, comprising: generating a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhancement layer signal; reducing the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; generating a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving applied to both the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal; and generating a broadcast signal frame, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for signaling start position information and size information of each physical layer channel (PLP) in the physical layer channel. In this case, the physical layer channels include a core physical layer channel corresponding to the core layer signal and an enhancement physical layer channel corresponding to the enhancement layer signal.

[0021] In this case, a different generation scheme than that used for the core layer physical layer channels can be used to generate the start position and size information of the enhancement layer physical layer channels.

[0022] In this case, the start position information and size information of the core layer physical layer channel can be generated based on the first reference timing, and the start position information and size information of the enhancement layer physical layer channel can be generated based on the second reference timing, which is different from the first reference timing.

[0023] In this case, the start position and size information of the enhancement layer physical layer channel can be defined before time interleaving.

[0024] In this case, the start position and size information of the core layer physical layer channel can be defined within the current subframe.

[0025] In this case, the start position and size information of the core layer physical layer channel can be defined based on the time interleaving.

[0026] Beneficial effects

[0027] According to the present invention, a signaling scheme is provided, wherein the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel that have undergone layer multiplexing can be correctly recovered.

[0028] Furthermore, according to the present invention, when the size information and start position information of the enhancement layer physical layer channel are changed by time interleaving (inter-frame interleaving), the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel can be correctly recovered. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating a broadcast signal transmission / reception system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is an operation flowchart illustrating a broadcast signal transmission / reception method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is shown Figure 1 A block diagram of an example of a device for generating broadcast signal frames;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a broadcast signal frame;

[0033] Figure 5 It is shown Figure 4 A diagram illustrating an example of receiving and processing a broadcast signal frame;

[0034] Figure 6 It is shown Figure 4 A diagram illustrating yet another example of the reception processing of the broadcast signal frame shown;

[0035] Figure 7 It is shown Figure 1 A block diagram of yet another example of a device for generating broadcast signal frames;

[0036] Figure 8 It is shown Figure 1 A block diagram of an example signal demultiplexer shown;

[0037] Figure 9 It is shown Figure 8 A block diagram illustrating an example of a core layer BICM decoder and an enhancement layer symbol extractor;

[0038] Figure 10 It is shown Figure 8 A block diagram of yet another example of the core layer BICM decoder and enhancement layer symbol extractor shown;

[0039] Figure 11 It is shown Figure 8 A block diagram of yet another example of the core layer BICM decoder and enhancement layer symbol extractor shown;

[0040] Figure 12 It is shown Figure 1 A block diagram of yet another example of a signal demultiplexer shown;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating the power increase attributed to the combination of core layer signals and enhancement layer signals;

[0042] Figure 14This is an operation flowchart illustrating a method for generating broadcast signal frames according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating the structure of a superframe including broadcast signal frames according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an LDM frame that includes multiple physical layer channels and uses a two-layer LDM.

[0045] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating yet another example of an LDM frame that includes multiple physical layer channels and uses a two-layer LDM.

[0046] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an application example of an LDM frame using multiple physical layer channels and a two-layer LDM;

[0047] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating yet another application example of an LDM frame using multiple physical layer channels and two-layer LDM;

[0048] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating an example of using a convolutional temporal interleaver;

[0049] Figure 21 This is a diagram illustrating yet another example of using a convolutional temporal interleaver;

[0050] Figure 22 This is a diagram illustrating an example of using a hybrid time interleaver;

[0051] Figure 23 It is shown Figure 22 A diagram illustrating time interleaver grouping in the example;

[0052] Figures 24 to 26 This shows the calculation Figure 23 A diagram illustrating the handling of incomplete FEC block sizes in the example;

[0053] Figure 27 This is a diagram used to explain the number of bits required for L1D_plp_fec_block_start when L1D_plp_TI_mode = "00";

[0054] Figure 28 and Figure 29 This is a diagram used to explain the number of bits required for L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start when L1D_plp_TI_mode="01";

[0055] Figure 30This is a diagram illustrating the insertion of dummy values ​​for the enhancement layer when HTI mode is used in conjunction with layer demultiplexing;

[0056] Figure 31 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a shift register for generating pseudo-values ​​according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 32 This is a diagram illustrating the types of time interleaving patterns;

[0058] Figure 33 This is a diagram illustrating the simultaneous use of intra-frame interleaving and inter-frame interleaving;

[0059] Figure 34 This is a diagram illustrating a subframe when both intra-frame interleaving and inter-frame interleaving are used simultaneously;

[0060] Figure 35 This is a diagram illustrating the simultaneous use of different time-interleaving units;

[0061] Figure 36 This is a diagram showing a subframe when the same time-interleaving unit is used simultaneously;

[0062] Figure 37 This is a diagram illustrating a complete delivered product consisting of multiple physical layer channels;

[0063] Figure 38 It is shown Figure 3 or Figure 7 A block diagram of an example of a time interleaver;

[0064] Figure 39 It is shown Figure 38 A diagram illustrating the write operation of the twisted block interleaver;

[0065] Figure 40 It is shown Figure 38 A diagram illustrating the read operation of the twisted block interleaver;

[0066] Figure 41 It is shown Figure 38 A block diagram illustrating an example of a convolutional delay line;

[0067] Figure 42 It is shown Figure 38 A diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the twisted block interleaver;

[0068] Figure 43 It is shown Figure 38 A diagram illustrating an example of the operation of convolution delay lines;

[0069] Figure 44 It is shown that... Figure 43 The diagram shows an example of the decoding process corresponding to the operation in the diagram;

[0070] Figure 45 It is shown that... Figure 42 The diagram shows an example of the decoding process corresponding to the operation in the diagram;

[0071] Figure 46 It is shown Figure 38 A diagram illustrating another example of the operation of the twisted block interleaver;

[0072] Figure 47 It is shown Figure 38 A diagram illustrating another example of the operation of the convolution delay line;

[0073] Figure 48 It is shown that... Figure 47 The diagram shows an example of the decoding process corresponding to the operation in the diagram;

[0074] Figure 49 It is shown that... Figure 46 The diagram shows an example of the decoding process corresponding to the operation in the diagram;

[0075] Figure 50 This is a diagram showing the initial values ​​of the FIFO registers included in the convolution delay line;

[0076] Figure 51 It is shown Figure 8 or Figure 12 A block diagram of an example of a time deinterleaver;

[0077] Figure 52 This is an operation flowchart illustrating a time interleaving method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 53 This is a diagram illustrating the physical layer channels for layer multiplexing prior to time interleaving;

[0079] Figure 54 This is a diagram illustrating the physical layer channels for multi-layered multiplexing after time interleaving;

[0080] Figure 55 This is a diagram showing a subframe that includes physical layer channels for layer multiplexing;

[0081] Figure 56 It shows the execution and Figures 53 to 55 The diagram shows the first timing sequence of the temporally interleaved convolutional delay lines corresponding to the physical layer channels.

[0082] Figure 57 It shows the execution and Figures 53 to 55 The diagram shows the second timing sequence of the temporally interleaved convolutional delay lines corresponding to the physical layer channels.

[0083] Figure 58 It shows the execution and Figures 53 to 55 The diagram shows the third timing sequence of the temporally interleaved convolutional delay lines corresponding to the physical layer channels.

[0084] Figure 59 It shows the execution and Figures 53 to 55 The diagram shows the first timing sequence of the deconvolution delay lines corresponding to the time deinterleaving of the physical layer channels.

[0085] Figure 60 It shows the execution and Figures 53 to 55 The diagram shows the second timing sequence of the deconvolution delay lines corresponding to the time deinterleaving of the physical layer channels.

[0086] Figure 61 It shows the execution and Figures 53 to 55 The diagram shows the third timing sequence of the deconvolution delay line corresponding to the time deinterleaving of the physical layer channel. Detailed Implementation

[0087] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this specification, redundant descriptions that would unnecessarily obscure the essential points of the invention, as well as descriptions of well-known functions and configurations, will be omitted. Embodiments of the invention are provided to fully describe the invention to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the shapes, dimensions, etc., of components in the drawings may be exaggerated to make the description clear.

[0088] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0089] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating a broadcast signal transmission / reception system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0090] refer to Figure 1 According to an embodiment of the present invention, a broadcast signal transmission / reception system includes a broadcast signal transmission device 110, a wireless channel 120, and a broadcast signal receiving device 130.

[0091] The broadcast signal transmitting apparatus 110 includes a means 111 for generating broadcast signal frames and an OFDM transmitter 113, wherein the means 111 for generating broadcast signal frames generates broadcast signal frames by multiplexing core layer data and enhancement layer data.

[0092] Apparatus 111 combines the core layer signal corresponding to the core layer data and the enhancement layer signal corresponding to the enhancement layer data, performs power normalization to reduce the power of the combined signal to the power level corresponding to the core layer signal, and generates a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving after power normalization. In this case, the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal can be combined at different power levels. In this case, time interleaving can be applied to both the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal. In this case, apparatus 111 can use the time-interleaved signal to generate a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble. In this case, the broadcast signal frame can be an ATSC 3.0 frame.

[0093] In this context, the preamble can be used to send the start position and size information of each physical layer channel (PLP) in the physical layer channel.

[0094] In this case, the physical layer channel (PLP) may include a core layer physical layer channel corresponding to the core layer signal and an enhancement layer physical layer channel corresponding to the enhancement layer signal.

[0095] According to an embodiment, device 111 can time-interleave a single-layer signal (BICM output signal) and generate a broadcast signal frame without combining the two layers of signals.

[0096] In this case, the preamble can be sent with a signal corresponding to the time interleaving pattern of the time interleaver for each physical layer channel (PLP).

[0097] In this case, the physical layer channel may include an enhancement layer physical layer channel and multiple core layer physical layer channels, wherein the multiple core layer physical layer channels and the one enhancement layer physical layer channel are layer-multiplexed.

[0098] In this case, the time interleaving mode corresponding to the enhancement layer physical layer channel can be the same as the time interleaving mode corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel, wherein the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel are layered multiplexed.

[0099] In this case, the time interleaving mode corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel can be either all non-time interleaving mode or all mixed time interleaving mode, wherein the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel are layer-multiplexed.

[0100] In this case, when all the time interleaving modes corresponding to the core layer physical layer channels (wherein the core layer physical layer channels and the enhancement layer physical layer channels are multi-multiplexed) are mixed time interleaving modes, all the core layer physical layer channels (wherein the core layer physical layer channels and the enhancement layer physical layer channels are multi-multiplexed) can use intra-frame interleaving modes.

[0101] In this case, when all the time interleaving modes corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel (wherein the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel are multi-multiplexed) are non-time interleaving modes, each of the core layer physical layer channels (wherein the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel are multi-multiplexed) can be composed of an integer number of FEC blocks in each subframe.

[0102] In this scenario, all available data units of the subframe can be filled with pseudo-modulation values ​​first, and then the actual physical layer channel data can be rewritten to generate the subframe.

[0103] In this case, it can be achieved by using the combination of 1 + X + X 3 + X 6 + X 7 + X 11 + X 12 + X 13 + X 16 The scrambling sequence generated by the corresponding generator polynomial is used to generate pseudo-modulation values.

[0104] In this case, pseudo-modulation values ​​can be generated by mapping the values ​​of the scrambling sequence to one of two phases that are 180 degrees apart.

[0105] In this case, the third bit output (x) of the shift register initialized with the value 0xF180 can be used. 14 ), fourth bit output (x) 13 ), fifth bit output (x) 12 ), sixth bit output (x) 11 ), tenth bit output (x) 7 ), Thirteenth bit output (x) 4 ), the fourteenth bit output (x) 3 The scrambling sequence is generated by the eight bits produced by the sixteenth bit output (x) and the sixteenth bit output (x).

[0106] In this case, the physical layer channel may include multiple core layer physical layer channels corresponding to a complete delivered product, and the multiple core layer physical layer channels may not be stratified multiplexed.

[0107] In this case, each of the core layer physical layer channels can use either a time-interleaving-free mode or a hybrid time-interleaving mode as the time-interleaving mode, and convolutional interleaving mode can be omitted.

[0108] In this scenario, when all core layer physical layer channels use a hybrid time-interleaving mode as the time-interleaving mode, all core layer physical layer channels can use intra-frame interleaving mode, or all core layer physical layer channels can use inter-frame interleaving mode.

[0109] In this scenario, when all core layer physical layer channels use a hybrid time interleaving mode as the time interleaving mode, all core layer physical layer channels can be configured with the same L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe value.

[0110] In this scenario, when all core layer physical layer channels use a hybrid time-interleaving mode as both the time-interleaving mode and the inter-frame interleaving mode, all core layer physical layer channels can use the same time-interleaving unit (N). IU ).

[0111] In this case, when at least one core layer physical layer channel uses a non-temporal interleaving mode as a temporal interleaving mode, any core layer physical layer channel configured to use a hybrid temporal interleaving mode can use an intra-frame interleaving mode.

[0112] In this scenario, a complete delivery product can correspond to at least one subframe, and the subframe can be first filled with pseudo-modulation values, and then the actual physical layer channel data can be rewritten to generate the subframe.

[0113] In this scenario, time interleaving can utilize one of the time interleaving groups, and the boundary between time interleaving groups can be the boundary between the physical layer channels (PLPs) of the core layer corresponding to the core layer signal. In other words, one of the boundaries between the physical layer channels of the core layer can be the boundary between time interleaving groups.

[0114] In this case, the enhancement layer data corresponding to one of the time interleaver groups includes pseudo-values.

[0115] In this case, a pseudo-value can be inserted after the actual data unit of the last enhanced PLP in the PLP group, so that the total number of enhanced layer units in the PLP group is the same as the total number of core layer units in the PLP group.

[0116] In this case, pseudo-values ​​may not be inserted into the core layer data.

[0117] In this case, a pseudo-value can be inserted after the core layer BICM and the enhancement layer BICM and before the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal are combined.

[0118] In this case, the pseudo-values ​​can correspond to a predetermined scrambling sequence.

[0119] In this case, the scrambling sequence can be modulated using the same constellation mapping used for the final enhanced PLP.

[0120] In this case, the pseudovalue can have the same power as the final enhanced PLP.

[0121] In this case, a scrambling sequence can be generated by a 16-bit shift register corresponding to a predetermined generator polynomial.

[0122] In this case, it can be achieved by using 1 + X + X 3 + X 6 + X 7 + X 11 + X 12 + X 13 + X 16 The corresponding generator polynomial is used to generate the scrambling sequence.

[0123] In this case, the third bit output (x) of the shift register initialized with the value 0xF180 can be used. 14 ), fourth bit output (x) 13 ), fifth bit output (x) 12 ), sixth bit output (x) 11 ), tenth bit output (x) 7 ), Thirteenth bit output (x) 4 ), the fourteenth bit output (x) 3 The scrambling sequence is generated by the eight bits produced by the sixteenth bit output (x) and the sixteenth bit output (x).

[0124] OFDM transmitter 113 transmits generated broadcast signal frames via antenna 117 using OFDM communication methods, thereby allowing the transmitted OFDM signals to be received on wireless channel 120 via antenna 137 of broadcast signal receiver 130.

[0125] The broadcast signal receiving device 130 includes an OFDM receiver 133 and a signal demultiplexer 131. When a signal transmitted on the wireless channel 120 is received via antenna 137, the OFDM receiver 133 receives the OFDM signal through synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization.

[0126] In this case, OFDM receiver 133 can detect and demodulate the preamble from the OFDM signal, use the information included in the preamble to demodulate the preamble, and use the information included in the preamble to demodulate the superimposed payload.

[0127] The signal demultiplexer 131 first recovers the core layer data from the signal (superimposed payload) received via OFDM receiver 133, and then recovers the enhancement layer data via cancellation corresponding to the recovered core layer data. In this case, the signal demultiplexer 131 may first generate a broadcast signal frame, recover the preamble, recover the preamble using information included in the preamble, and recover the data signal using signaling information included in the preamble. In this case, the signaling information may be L1 signaling information and may include injection level information, normalization factor information, etc.

[0128] In this case, the preamble may include a time-interleaving pattern corresponding to the time interleaver for each physical layer channel.

[0129] In this case, the preamble may include PLP identification information for identifying the physical layer channel (PLP); and layer identification information for identifying the layer corresponding to the layer.

[0130] In this case, PLP identification information and layer identification information can be included in the preamble as distinct fields.

[0131] In this case, time interleaver information can be included in the preamble based on the core layer.

[0132] In this case, based on the comparison between the layer identification information and the predetermined value, the preamble can selectively include injection level information corresponding to the injection level controller for each physical layer channel (PLP).

[0133] In this case, the preamble can include physical layer channel type information, start position information, and size information.

[0134] In this case, type information can be used to identify one of the first type corresponding to non-distributed physical layer channels and the second type corresponding to distributed physical layer channels.

[0135] In this case, non-distributed physical layer channels can be assigned to continuous data unit indexes, and distributed physical layer channels can include two or more subslices.

[0136] In this scenario, for each physical layer channel (PLP), type information can be selectively transmitted via signal based on the comparison between the layer identification information and a predetermined value.

[0137] In this case, type information can be sent via signals only to the core layer.

[0138] In this case, the starting position information can be the same as the index of the first data unit corresponding to the physical layer channel.

[0139] In this case, the start location information can be indicated by the cell addressing scheme to indicate the start location of the physical layer channel.

[0140] In this case, the start position information can be included in the preamble for each physical layer channel (PLP) without checking the conditional statement corresponding to the layer identification information.

[0141] In this case, size information can be generated based on the number of data units allocated to the physical layer channel.

[0142] In this case, size information can be included in the preamble used for each physical layer channel (PLP) without checking the conditions of the conditional statement corresponding to the layer identification information.

[0143] In this case, time-interleaved information can be sent using signals based on the core layer.

[0144] In this case, the time interleaver can correspond to a hybrid time interleaver. In this case, the physical layer channels (PLPs) of the core layer and enhancement layer can consist of only complete FEC blocks.

[0145] In this case, where the boundary between time-interleaved packets does not correspond to the boundary between FEC blocks in the enhancement layer, a preamble can be used to signal information for identifying a portion of an FEC block in the enhancement layer, where the FEC block corresponds to the boundary between time-interleaved packets.

[0146] In this case, the information used to identify a portion of the FEC block may include at least one of the following: the start position information of the physical layer channel (PLP) in the core layer, the start position information of the physical layer channel (PLP) in the enhancement layer, the modulation information corresponding to the enhancement layer, and the FEC type information corresponding to the enhancement layer.

[0147] In this case, the start position information of the physical layer channel (PLP) can correspond to the index of the first data unit of the physical layer channel (PLP).

[0148] In this case, modulation information can only be sent using a signal if the FEC type information meets the predetermined conditions.

[0149] In this case, the enhancement layer signal can correspond to enhancement layer data, wherein the enhancement layer data is recovered based on the elimination corresponding to the recovery of the core layer data, which corresponds to the core layer signal.

[0150] In this case, the temporal interleaver can correspond to the convolutional temporal interleaver, and the temporal interleaver group can include a physical layer channel (PLP), wherein the physical layer channel (PLP) includes incomplete FEC blocks, and the preamble can be used to signal the start position information of the first complete FEC block in the physical layer channel (PLP).

[0151] In this case, the time interleaver can perform interleaving by using one of several operating modes.

[0152] In this case, the operating modes may include a first mode corresponding to no temporal interleaving, a second mode for performing convolutional temporal interleaving, and a third mode for performing mixed temporal interleaving.

[0153] In this scenario, the preamble may include a field indicating the start position of the first complete FEC block for the first and second modes corresponding to the current physical layer channel, but may not include a field indicating the start position of the first FEC block for the third mode. In this case, the field indicating the start position may indicate the start position of the first FEC block that begins in the current physical layer channel during the current subframe.

[0154] In this case, the field indicating the start position of the first FEC block can be one of the first field used in the first mode and the second field used in the second mode, and the first field and the second field can have different lengths.

[0155] In this case, the length of the second field can be longer than the length of the first field.

[0156] In this case, the length of the first field can be determined based on the length of the LDPC codeword and the modulation order, and the length of the second field can be determined not only by the length of the LDPC codeword and the modulation order but also by further considering the depth of the convolutional time interleaver.

[0157] In this case, the length of the first field can be 15 bits, and the length of the second field can be 22 bits.

[0158] In this case, for each of the core layer corresponding to the core layer signal and the enhancement layer corresponding to the enhancement layer signal, the first field and the second field can be sent by signal respectively.

[0159] As will be described in detail later, Figure 1 The apparatus 111 shown may include: a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining core layer signals and enhancement layer signals; a power normalizer configured to perform power normalization to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving after performing power normalization; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for signaling start position information and size information for each physical layer channel (PLP) in the physical layer channels. In this case, the physical layer channels may include a core physical layer channel corresponding to the core layer signal and an enhancement layer physical layer channel corresponding to the enhancement layer signal. In this case, the time interleaver may use one time interleaver group in the time interleaver group, and the enhancement layer data corresponding to the one time interleaver group in the time interleaver group may include a pseudo-value. In this case, Figure 1 The broadcast signal transmitting apparatus 110 shown can be considered to include: a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining core layer signals and enhancement layer signals; a power normalizer configured to perform power normalization to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving after power normalization; a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for signaling start position information and size information for each physical layer channel (PLP) in the physical layer channel; and an OFDM transmitter configured to transmit the broadcast signal frame via an antenna using an OFDM communication scheme. In this case, the physical layer channels may include a core layer physical layer channel corresponding to the core layer signal and an enhancement layer physical layer channel corresponding to the enhancement layer signal. In this case, the time interleaver may use one time interleaver group in the time interleaver group, and the enhancement layer data corresponding to the one time interleaver group in the time interleaver group may include pseudo-values.

[0160] According to one embodiment, Figure 1The apparatus 111 shown may include: a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving on the BICM output signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame in a single-layer case, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for signaling start position information and size information for each physical layer channel (PLP) in the physical layer channels. In this case, the physical layer channels may include a core physical layer channel corresponding to the core layer signal and an enhancement physical layer channel corresponding to the enhancement layer signal. In this case, the BICM output signal may be the output signal of the BICM apparatus to be described below. Figure 1 The broadcast signal transmitting apparatus 110 shown can be considered to include: a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving on the BICM output signal; a frame builder configured to generate broadcast signal frames, wherein the broadcast signal frames include preambles for signaling start position information and size information for each physical layer channel (PLP) in the physical layer channel; and an OFDM transmitter configured to transmit the broadcast signal frames via an antenna using an OFDM communication scheme. In this case, the physical layer channels may include a core physical layer channel corresponding to the core layer signal and an enhancement layer physical layer channel corresponding to the enhancement layer signal.

[0161] As will be described in detail later, Figure 1 The signal demultiplexer shown may include: a time deinterleaving unit configured to generate a time-deinterleaved signal by applying time deinterleaving to a received signal corresponding to a broadcast signal frame; a denormalizer configured to increase the power of the received signal or the time-deinterleaved signal by a level corresponding to the power reduction by the power normalizer of the transmitter; a core layer BICM decoder configured to recover core layer data from a signal power-adjusted by the denormalizer; an enhancement layer symbol extractor configured to extract an enhancement layer signal by performing elimination corresponding to core layer data on a signal power-adjusted by the denormalizer using the output signal of the core layer FEC decoder of the core layer BICM decoder; a de-injection level controller configured to increase the power of the enhancement layer signal by a level corresponding to the power reduction by the injection level controller of the transmitter; and an enhancement layer BICM decoder configured to recover enhancement layer data using the output signal of the de-injection level controller. In this case, Figure 1The broadcast signal receiving apparatus 130 shown can be considered to include: an OFDM receiver configured to generate a received signal by performing any one or more of synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization on a transmitted signal corresponding to a broadcast signal frame; a time deinterleaving unit configured to generate a time-deinterleaved signal by applying time deinterleaving to the received signal; a denormalizer configured to increase the power of the received signal or the time-deinterleaved signal to a level corresponding to the power reduction by the power normalizer of the transmitter; a core layer BICM decoder configured to recover core layer data from the signal power-adjusted by the denormalizer; an enhancement layer symbol extractor configured to extract an enhancement layer signal by performing elimination corresponding to core layer data on the signal power-adjusted by the denormalizer using the output signal of the core layer FEC decoder of the core layer BICM decoder; a deinjection level controller configured to increase the power of the enhancement layer signal to a level corresponding to the power reduction by the injection level controller of the transmitter; and an enhancement layer BICM decoder configured to recover enhancement layer data using the output signal of the deinjection level controller.

[0162] In this case, the time deinterleaver can use one of the time interleaver groups, and the enhancement layer data corresponding to the one of the time interleaver groups may include pseudo-values.

[0163] In this case, the time deinterleaver can correspond to the time interleaving mode.

[0164] In this case, the preamble may include a time-interleaving pattern corresponding to the time interleaver for each physical layer channel.

[0165] Although Figure 1 While not explicitly shown, however, in addition to core layer data and enhancement layer data, the broadcast signal transmission / reception system according to embodiments of the present invention can also multiplex / demultiplex one or more pieces of extension layer data. In this case, the extension layer data can be multiplexed at a power level lower than that of the core layer data and enhancement layer data. Furthermore, when two or more extension layers are included, the injection power level of the second extension layer can be lower than that of the first extension layer, and the injection power level of the third extension layer can be lower than that of the second extension layer.

[0166] Figure 2 This is an operational flowchart illustrating a broadcast signal transmission / reception method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0167] refer to Figure 2In a broadcast signal transmission / reception method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S210, the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal are combined to multiplex them to generate a broadcast signal frame. In this case, the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal can be combined at different power levels. In this case, the broadcast signal frame can be generated by performing time interleaving, and the preamble of the broadcast signal frame can include a time interleaving mode corresponding to the time interleaving for each physical layer channel (PLP).

[0168] According to an embodiment, in step S210, a time-interleaved signal can be generated by performing time interleaving on the BICM output signal, and a broadcast signal frame including a preamble can be generated, wherein the preamble is used to transmit a time-interleaving mode corresponding to the time interleaving for each physical layer channel in the physical layer channel.

[0169] In this scenario, the preamble can be used to transmit the start position and size information of each physical layer channel (PLP) in the signal transmission. In this case, the physical layer channels may include core physical layer channels corresponding to core layer signals and enhancement physical layer channels corresponding to enhancement layer signals.

[0170] In this case, the physical layer channel may include multiple core layer physical layer channels corresponding to a complete delivered product, and the multiple core layer physical layer channels may not be stratified multiplexed.

[0171] In this case, each of the core layer physical layer channels can use either a non-temporal interleaving mode or a hybrid temporal interleaving mode as the temporal interleaving mode, and convolutional interleaving mode can be omitted.

[0172] In this scenario, when all core layer physical layer channels use a hybrid time-interleaving mode as the time-interleaving mode, all core layer physical layer channels can use intra-frame interleaving mode, or all core layer physical layer channels can use inter-frame interleaving mode.

[0173] In this scenario, when all core layer physical layer channels use a hybrid time interleaving mode as the time interleaving mode, all core layer physical layer channels can be configured with the same L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe value.

[0174] In this scenario, when all core layer physical layer channels use a hybrid time-interleaving mode as both the time-interleaving mode and the inter-frame interleaving mode, all core layer physical layer channels can use the same time-interleaving unit (N). IU ).

[0175] In this case, when at least one core layer physical layer channel uses a non-temporal interleaving mode as a temporal interleaving mode, any core layer physical layer channel configured to use a hybrid temporal interleaving mode can use an intra-frame interleaving mode.

[0176] In this scenario, a complete delivery product can correspond to at least one subframe, and the subframe can be first filled with pseudo-modulation values, and then the actual physical layer channel data can be rewritten to generate the subframe.

[0177] In this case, it can be achieved by using the combination of 1 + X + X 3 + X 6 + X 7 + X 11 + X 12 + X 13 + X 16 The scrambling sequence generated by the corresponding generator polynomial is used to generate pseudo-modulation values.

[0178] In this case, pseudo-modulation values ​​can be generated by mapping the values ​​of the scrambling sequence to one of two phases that are 180 degrees apart.

[0179] In this case, the physical layer channel may include an enhancement layer physical layer channel and multiple core layer physical layer channels, wherein the multiple core layer physical layer channels and the one enhancement layer physical layer channel are layer-multiplexed.

[0180] In this case, the time interleaving mode corresponding to the enhancement layer physical layer channel can be the same as the time interleaving mode corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel, wherein the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel are multi-layered multiplexed.

[0181] In this case, the time interleaving mode corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel can be either all non-time interleaving mode or all mixed time interleaving mode, wherein the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel are multiplexed.

[0182] In this case, when all the time interleaving modes corresponding to the core layer physical layer channels (wherein the core layer physical layer channels and the enhancement layer physical layer channels are multi-multiplexed) are mixed time interleaving modes, all the core layer physical layer channels (wherein the core layer physical layer channels and the enhancement layer physical layer channels are multi-multiplexed) can use intra-frame interleaving modes.

[0183] In this case, when all the time interleaving modes corresponding to the core physical layer channels (wherein the core physical layer channels and the enhancement physical layer channels are multi-multiplexed) are non-time interleaving modes, each core physical layer channel (wherein the core physical layer channels and the enhancement physical layer channels are multi-multiplexed) can be composed of an integer number of FEC blocks in each subframe.

[0184] In this scenario, all available data units of the subframe can be filled with pseudo-modulation values ​​first, and then the actual physical layer channel data can be rewritten to generate the subframe.

[0185] In this case, it can be achieved by using the combination of 1 + X + X 3 + X 6 + X 7 + X 11 + X 12 + X 13 + X 16 The scrambling sequence generated by the corresponding generator polynomial is used to generate pseudo-modulation values.

[0186] In this case, pseudo-modulation values ​​can be generated by mapping the values ​​of the scrambling sequence to one of two phases that are 180 degrees apart.

[0187] In this case, the third bit output (x) of the shift register initialized with the value 0xF180 can be used. 14 ), fourth bit output (x) 13 ), fifth bit output (x) 12 ), sixth bit output (x) 11 ), tenth bit output (x) 7 ), Thirteenth bit output (x) 4 ), the fourteenth bit output (x) 3 The scrambling sequence is generated by the eight bits produced by the sixteenth bit output (x) and the sixteenth bit output (x).

[0188] In this scenario, the broadcast signal frame generated in step S210 may include a preamble, a header, and a superimposed payload. In this scenario, at least the preamble and header may include L1 signaling information. In this scenario, the L1 signaling information may include injection level information and normalization factor information.

[0189] In this case, the preamble may include PLP identification information for identifying the physical layer channel (PLP); and layer identification information for identifying the layer corresponding to the layer.

[0190] In this case, PLP identification information and layer identification information can be included in the preamble as distinct fields.

[0191] In this case, time interleaver information can be included in the preamble based on the core layer.

[0192] In this case, based on the comparison between the layer identification information and the predetermined value, the preamble can selectively include injection level information corresponding to the injection level controller for each physical layer channel (PLP).

[0193] In this case, the preamble can include physical layer channel type information, start position information, and size information.

[0194] In this case, type information can be used to identify one of the first type corresponding to non-distributed physical layer channels and the second type corresponding to distributed physical layer channels.

[0195] In this case, non-distributed physical layer channels can be assigned to continuous data unit indexes, and distributed physical layer channels can include two or more sub-slices.

[0196] In this scenario, for each physical layer channel (PLP), type information can be selectively transmitted via signal based on the comparison between the layer identification information and a predetermined value.

[0197] In this case, type information can be sent via signals only to the core layer.

[0198] In this case, the starting position information can be the same as the index of the first data unit corresponding to the physical layer channel.

[0199] In this case, the start location information can be indicated by the cell addressing scheme to indicate the start location of the physical layer channel.

[0200] In this case, the start position information can be included in the preamble for each physical layer channel (PLP) without checking the conditions of the conditional statement corresponding to the layer identification information.

[0201] In this case, size information can be generated based on the number of data units allocated to the physical layer channel.

[0202] In this case, size information can be included in the preamble for each physical layer channel (PLP) without checking the conditions of the conditional statement corresponding to the layer identification information.

[0203] In this case, time-interleaved information can be sent using signals based on the core layer.

[0204] In this case, the generation of time-interleaved signals can be performed using a hybrid time-interleaved converter.

[0205] In this case, the physical layer channels (PLPs) of the core layer and enhancement layer can consist of only the complete FEC block.

[0206] In this case, where the boundary between time-interleaved packets does not correspond to the boundary between FEC blocks in the enhancement layer, a preamble can be used to signal information for identifying a portion of an FEC block in the enhancement layer, where the FEC block corresponds to the boundary between time-interleaved packets.

[0207] In this case, the information used to identify a portion of the FEC block may include at least one of the following: the start position information of the physical layer channel (PLP) in the core layer, the start position information of the physical layer channel (PLP) in the enhancement layer, the modulation information corresponding to the enhancement layer, and the FEC type information corresponding to the enhancement layer.

[0208] In this case, the start position information of the physical layer channel (PLP) can correspond to the index of the first data unit of the physical layer channel (PLP).

[0209] In this case, modulation information can only be sent using a signal if the FEC type information meets the predetermined conditions.

[0210] In this case, the enhancement layer signal corresponds to the enhancement layer data, which can be recovered based on elimination corresponding to the recovery of the core layer data, which corresponds to the core layer signal.

[0211] In this case, the generation of time-interleaved signals can be performed using a convolutional time-interleaved converter. The time-interleaved converter group can include physical layer channels (PLPs), where each physical layer channel (PLP) includes incomplete FEC blocks, and a preamble can be used to signal the start position information of the first complete FEC block in the physical layer channel (PLP).

[0212] In this case, interleaving can use one of the time interleaving groups, and the enhancement layer data corresponding to the one of the time interleaving groups may include pseudo-values.

[0213] In this case, a pseudo-value can be inserted after the actual data unit of the last enhanced PLP in the PLP group, so that the total number of enhanced layer units in the PLP group is the same as the total number of core layer units in the PLP group.

[0214] In this case, pseudo-values ​​may not be inserted into the core layer data.

[0215] In this case, a pseudo-value can be inserted after the core layer BICM and the enhancement layer BICM and before the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal are combined.

[0216] In this case, the pseudo-values ​​can correspond to a predetermined scrambling sequence.

[0217] In this case, the scrambling sequence can be modulated using the same constellation mapping used for the final enhanced PLP.

[0218] In this case, the pseudovalue can have the same power as the final enhanced PLP.

[0219] In this case, the scrambling sequence can be generated by a 16-bit shift register corresponding to a predetermined generator polynomial.

[0220] In this case, it can be done by using 1 + X + X 3 + X 6 + X 7 + X 11 + X 12 + X 13 + X 16 The corresponding generator polynomial is used to generate the scrambling sequence.

[0221] In this case, the third bit output (x) of the shift register initialized with the value 0xF180 can be used. 14 ), fourth bit output (x) 13 ), fifth bit output (x) 12 ), sixth bit output (x) 11 ), tenth bit output (x) 7 ), Thirteenth bit output (x) 4 ), the fourteenth bit output (x) 3 The scrambling sequence is generated by the eight bits produced by the sixteenth bit output (x) and the sixteenth bit output (x).

[0222] In this case, interleaving can be performed by using one of several operating modes.

[0223] In this case, the operating modes may include a first mode corresponding to no temporal interleaving, a second mode for performing convolutional temporal interleaving, and a third mode for performing mixed temporal interleaving.

[0224] In this case, the preamble may include a field indicating the start position of the first complete FEC block for the first and second modes corresponding to the current physical layer channel, but may not include a field indicating the start position of the first FEC block for the third mode.

[0225] In this case, the field indicating the start position of the first FEC block can be one of the first field used in the first mode and the second field used in the second mode, and the first field and the second field can have different lengths.

[0226] In this case, the length of the second field can be longer than the length of the first field.

[0227] In this case, the length of the first field can be determined based on the length of the LDPC codeword and the modulation order, and the length of the second field can be determined not only by the length of the LDPC codeword and the modulation order but also by further considering the depth of the convolutional time interleaver.

[0228] In this case, the length of the first field can be 15 bits, and the length of the second field can be 22 bits.

[0229] In this case, for each of the core layer corresponding to the core layer signal and the enhancement layer corresponding to the enhancement layer signal, the first field and the second field can be sent by signal respectively.

[0230] Furthermore, in the broadcast signal transmission / reception method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S220, the broadcast signal frame is transmitted by OFDM.

[0231] Furthermore, in the broadcast signal transmission / reception method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S230, the transmission signal is received by OFDM.

[0232] In this case, synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization can be performed in step S230.

[0233] In this case, in step S230, the preamble can be recovered, the preamble can be recovered using the signals included in the recovered preamble, and the data signal can be recovered using the signaling information included in the preamble.

[0234] Furthermore, in the broadcast signal transmission / reception method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S240, core layer data is recovered from the received signal.

[0235] Furthermore, in the broadcast signal transmission / reception method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S250, enhancement layer data is recovered by eliminating the core layer signal.

[0236] Specifically, Figure 2 Steps S240 and S250 shown can correspond to the demultiplexing operation corresponding to step S210.

[0237] As will be described in detail later, Figure 2Step S210 shown may include: generating a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving on the BICM output signal; generating a broadcast signal frame in the case of a single layer, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for signal transmission of a time-interleaving pattern corresponding to the time interleaving for each physical layer channel (PLP). In this case, the broadcast signal transmission method of steps S210 and S220 can be considered to include: generating a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving on the BICM output signal; generating a broadcast signal frame, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for signal transmission of a time-interleaving pattern corresponding to the time interleaving for each physical layer channel (PLP); and transmitting the broadcast signal frame via an antenna using an OFDM communication scheme in the case of a single layer.

[0238] As will be described in detail later, Figure 2 Step S210 shown may include: generating a multiplexed signal by combining core layer signals and enhancement layer signals; performing power normalization to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; generating a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving after performing power normalization; and generating a broadcast signal frame, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for signaling a time-interleaving pattern corresponding to the time interleaving for each physical layer channel (PLP). In this case, the time interleaving may use one time-interleaving group from the time-interleaving group, and the enhancement layer data corresponding to the one time-interleaving group may include pseudo-values. In this scenario, the broadcast signal transmission method in steps S210 and S220 can be considered to include: generating a multiplexed signal by combining core layer signals and enhancement layer signals; performing power normalization to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; generating a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving after power normalization; generating a broadcast signal frame, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for transmitting a time-interleaving pattern corresponding to the time interleaving for each physical layer channel (PLP); and transmitting the broadcast signal frame via an antenna using an OFDM communication scheme. In this scenario, time interleaving may use one time-interleaved packet from a time-interleaved group, and the enhancement layer data corresponding to the one time-interleaved packet may include pseudo-values.

[0239] As will be described in detail later, Figure 2Steps S240 and S250 shown may include: generating a time-deinterleaved signal by applying time deinterleaving to a received signal corresponding to a broadcast signal frame; increasing the power of the received signal or the time-deinterleaved signal to a level corresponding to the power reduced by the transmitter's power normalizer; recovering core layer data from the power-adjusted signal; extracting an enhancement layer signal by performing cancellation on the power-adjusted signal corresponding to the core layer data; increasing the power of the enhancement layer signal to a level corresponding to the power reduced by the transmitter's injection level controller; and recovering the enhancement layer data using the power-adjusted enhancement signal. In this context, the broadcast signal receiving method according to an embodiment of the present invention can be considered to include: generating a received signal by performing synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization on a transmitted signal corresponding to a broadcast signal frame; generating a time-deinterleaved signal by applying time deinterleaving to the received signal; increasing the power of the received signal or the time-deinterleaved signal to a level corresponding to the power reduction by the transmitter's power normalizer; recovering core layer data from the power-adjusted signal; extracting an enhancement layer signal by performing cancellation corresponding to the core layer data on the power-adjusted signal; increasing the power of the enhancement layer signal to a level corresponding to the power reduction by the transmitter's injection level controller; and recovering enhancement layer data using the power-adjusted enhancement layer signal.

[0240] In this case, time deinterleaving can correspond to time interleaving mode.

[0241] In this case, the preamble may include a time-interleaving pattern corresponding to the time interleaving for each physical layer channel.

[0242] In this case, time deinterleaving can be performed by using one of a number of operating modes.

[0243] In this case, time deinterleaving can use one of the time interleaver groups, and the enhancement layer data corresponding to the one of the time interleaver groups can include pseudo-values.

[0244] Figure 3 It is shown Figure 1 A block diagram of an example of a device for generating broadcast signal frames.

[0245] refer to Figure 3 According to an embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for generating broadcast signal frames may include a core layer BICM unit 310, an enhancement layer BICM unit 320, an injection level controller 330, a combiner 340, a power normalizer 345, a time interleaver 350, a signaling generation unit 360, and a frame builder 370.

[0246] Typically, BICM devices include an error correction encoder, a bit interleaver, and a symbol mapper. Figure 3 Each of the core layer BICM unit 310 and the enhancement layer BICM unit 320 shown can include an error correction encoder, a bit interleaver, and a symbol mapper. Specifically, Figure 3 Each error correction encoder shown (core layer FEC encoder and enhancement layer FEC encoder) can be formed by connecting a BCH encoder and an LDPC encoder in series. In this case, the input of the error correction encoder is input to the BCH encoder, the output of the BCH encoder is input to the LDPC encoder, and the output of the LDPC encoder can be the output of the error correction encoder.

[0247] like Figure 3 As shown, core layer data and enhancement layer data are processed through their respective BICM units and then combined by combiner 340. That is, the term "Layer Demultiplexing (LDM)" used here can refer to combining multiple data streams from multiple layers into a single data stream using power differences, and then transmitting the combined data.

[0248] In other words, core layer data passes through core layer BICM unit 310, enhancement layer data passes through enhancement layer BICM unit 320, and then through injection level controller 330. The core layer data and enhancement layer data are then combined by combiner 340. In this configuration, enhancement layer BICM unit 320 can perform BICM encoding different from that of core layer BICM unit 310. Specifically, enhancement layer BICM unit 320 can perform error correction encoding or symbol mapping at a higher bit rate than core layer BICM unit 310. Furthermore, enhancement layer BICM unit 320 can perform error correction encoding or symbol mapping that is less robust than that of core layer BICM unit 310.

[0249] For example, a core layer error correction encoder can exhibit a lower bit rate than an enhancement layer error correction encoder. In this case, the enhancement layer symbol mapper may be less robust than the core layer symbol mapper.

[0250] Combiner 340 can be considered as acting to combine the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal. In this case, combiner 340 can combine the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal at different power levels. In one embodiment, power level adjustment can be performed on the core layer signal instead of the enhancement layer signal. In this case, the power of the core layer signal can be adjusted to be higher than that of the enhancement layer signal.

[0251] Core layer data can use forward error correction (FEC) codes with low coding rates to perform robust reception, while enhancement layer data can use FEC codes with high coding rates to achieve high data transmission rates.

[0252] In other words, in the same receiving environment, core layer data can have a wider coverage area than enhancement layer data.

[0253] The enhancement layer data, which has been passed through the enhancement layer BICM unit 320, has its gain (or power) adjusted by the injection level controller 330 and is combined with the core layer data by the combiner 340.

[0254] In other words, the injection level controller 330 generates a power-reduced enhancement layer signal by reducing the power of the enhancement layer signal. In this case, the amplitude of the signal adjusted by the injection level controller 330 can be determined based on the injection level. In this case, when signal B is inserted into signal A, the injection level can be defined by the following Equation 1:

[0255] (1)

[0256] For example, when an enhancement layer signal is inserted into a core layer signal, assuming the injection level is 3dB, Equation 1 means that the enhancement layer signal has half the power of the core layer signal.

[0257] In this case, the injection level controller 330 can adjust the power level of the enhancement layer signal from 0dB to 25.0dB in increments of 0.5dB or 1dB.

[0258] Typically, the transmit power allocated to the core layer is higher than that allocated to the enhancement layer, which enables the receiver to decode the core layer data first.

[0259] In this case, combiner 340 can be considered as generating multiplexed signals by combining core layer signals with power-reduced enhancement layer signals.

[0260] The signal obtained by combining the signals through combiner 340 is provided to power normalizer 345, which reduces the signal power to a level corresponding to the power increase caused by the combination of the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal, and then performs power adjustment. In other words, power normalizer 345 reduces the power of the signal multiplexed by combiner 340 to the power level corresponding to the core layer signal. Because the level of the combined signal is higher than that of a single-layer signal, power normalizer 345 is needed to normalize the power to prevent amplitude limiting and other issues in the remainder of the broadcast signal transmission / reception system.

[0261] In this case, the power normalizer 345 can adjust the amplitude of the combined signal to an appropriate value by multiplying the amplitude of the combined signal by the normalization factor in Equation 2 below. The injection level information used to calculate Equation 2 below can be transmitted to the power normalizer 345 via a signaling stream:

[0262] (2)

[0263] Assuming that the enhancement layer signal S is injected at a preset level E Injected signal S into the core layer C When the power levels of the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal are normalized to 1, the combined signal can be obtained from S. C +αS E express.

[0264] In this case, α is a scaling factor corresponding to various injection levels. That is, the injection level controller 330 can correspond to a scaling factor.

[0265] For example, when the injection level of the enhancement layer is 3dB, the combined signal can be generated by...

[0266] express.

[0267] Since the power of the combined signal (multiplexed signal) increases compared to the core layer signal, the power normalizer 345 needs to mitigate the increase in power.

[0268] The output of the power normalizer 345 can be determined by β(S) C +αS E )express.

[0269] In this case, β is a normalization factor based on the various injection levels of the enhancement layer.

[0270] When the injection level of the enhancement layer is 3dB, the power of the combined signal increases by 50% compared to the power of the core layer signal. Therefore, the output of the power normalizer 345 can be determined by...

[0271] express.

[0272] Table 1 below lists the scaling factor α and normalization factor β for various injection levels (CL: core layer, EL: enhancement layer). The relationship between injection level, scaling factor α, and normalization factor β can be defined by the following Equation 3:

[0273] (3)

[0275] Table 1

[0276]

[0277] According to an embodiment, the injection level can be a value from 0dB to 25dB. When the injection level is 0dB, the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal can be combined with the same power. In this case, the scaling factor can be 1, and the normalization factor can be 0.7071068.

[0278] In other words, the power normalizer 345 corresponds to the normalization factor and reduces the power of the multiplexed signal to the level that the combiner 340 has increased the power of.

[0279] In this case, each of the normalization factor and the scaling factor can be a rational number greater than 0 and less than 1.

[0280] In this case, the scaling factor can decrease as the power corresponding to the injection level controller 330 decreases, and the normalization factor can increase as the power corresponding to the injection level controller 330 decreases.

[0281] The power-normalized signal is distributed to burst errors occurring on the channel via time interleaver 350.

[0282] In this configuration, the time interleaver 350 can be viewed as performing interleaving on both the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal. That is, the core layer and enhancement layer share the time interleaver, thereby preventing unnecessary memory usage and reducing latency at the receiver.

[0283] Although described in more detail later, the enhancement layer signal may correspond to enhancement layer data recovered based on elimination corresponding to the recovery of core layer data, wherein the core layer data corresponds to the core layer signal. Combiner 340 may combine one or more extended layer signals with power levels lower than the core layer signal and enhancement layer signal, along with the core layer signal and enhancement layer signal.

[0284] Simultaneously, L1 signaling information, including injected level information, is encoded by a signaling generation unit 360, which includes a dedicated signaling BICM. In this case, the signaling generation unit 360 can receive injected level information IL INFO from the injected level controller 330 and can generate an L1 signaling signal.

[0285] In L1 signaling, L1 refers to Layer 1, the lowest layer in the ISO 7-layer model. In this case, L1 signaling can be included in the preamble.

[0286] Typically, L1 signaling may include FFT size, guard interval size, etc. (i.e., important parameters of OFDM transmitters), channel code rate, modulation information, etc. (i.e., important parameters of BICM). This L1 signaling signal is combined with the data signal to form a broadcast signal frame.

[0287] Frame builder 370 generates broadcast signal frames by combining L1 signaling signals with data signals. In this case, frame builder 370 can use time-interleaved signals to generate broadcast signal frames, wherein the broadcast signal frames include a preamble used to transmit physical layer channel (PLP) size information and time-interleaved information shared by core layer signals and enhancement layer signals. In this case, the broadcast signal frames may further include a preamble.

[0288] In this configuration, frame builder 370 can generate broadcast signal frames, which include preambles for signaling the start position and size information of each physical layer channel (PLP). In this configuration, the physical layer channel (PLP) includes a core physical layer channel corresponding to the core layer signal and an enhancement layer physical layer channel corresponding to the enhancement layer signal.

[0289] In this case, a different generation scheme than that used for the core layer physical layer channels can be used to generate the start position and size information of the enhancement layer physical layer channels.

[0290] In this case, the start position information and size information of the core layer physical layer channel can be generated based on the first reference timing, and the start position information and size information of the enhancement layer physical layer channel can be generated based on the second reference timing, which is different from the first reference timing.

[0291] In this case, the first reference timing can correspond to the time interleaving period, and the second reference timing can correspond to the time interleaving period.

[0292] In this case, the start position and size information of the enhancement layer physical layer channel can be defined before time interleaving.

[0293] In this case, the start position and size information of the core layer physical layer channel can be defined within the current subframe.

[0294] In this case, the start position and size information of the core layer physical layer channel can be defined after time interleaving.

[0295] In this case, the size information can be set based on the number of data units allocated to each physical layer channel in the physical layer channel.

[0296] In this case, the start position information can be set to the index corresponding to the first data unit of each physical layer channel in the physical layer channel.

[0297] In this case, the start position information and size information can be included in the preamble of each physical layer channel in the physical layer channel, without checking the condition of the conditional statement corresponding to the layer identification information.

[0298] In this case, frame builder 370 can generate a broadcast signal frame, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for signaling a time interleaving pattern corresponding to time interleaver 350.

[0299] In this case, a signal transmission time interleaving mode can be used for each physical layer channel (PLP).

[0300] In this case, the physical layer channel may include an enhancement layer physical layer channel and multiple core layer physical layer channels, wherein the multiple core layer physical layer channels and the one enhancement layer physical layer channel are layer-multiplexed.

[0301] In this case, the time interleaving mode corresponding to the enhancement layer physical layer channel can be the same as the time interleaving mode corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel, wherein the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel are multi-layered multiplexed.

[0302] In this case, the time interleaving mode corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel can be either all non-time interleaving mode or all mixed time interleaving mode, wherein the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel are multi-layered multiplexed.

[0303] In this case, when all the time interleaving modes corresponding to the core layer physical layer channels (wherein the core layer physical layer channels and the enhancement layer physical layer channels are multi-multiplexed) are mixed time interleaving modes, all the core layer physical layer channels (wherein the core layer physical layer channels and the enhancement layer physical layer channels are multi-multiplexed) can use intra-frame interleaving modes.

[0304] In this case, when all the time interleaving modes corresponding to the core physical layer channels (wherein the core physical layer channels and the enhancement physical layer channels are multi-multiplexed) are non-time interleaving modes, each core physical layer channel (wherein the core physical layer channels and the enhancement physical layer channels are multi-multiplexed) can be composed of an integer number of FEC blocks in each subframe.

[0305] In this scenario, all available data units of the subframe can be filled with pseudo-modulation values ​​first, and then the actual physical layer channel data can be rewritten to generate the subframe.

[0306] In this case, it can be achieved by using the combination of 1 + X + X 3 + X 6 + X7 + X 11 + X 12 + X 13 + X 16 The scrambling sequence generated by the corresponding generator polynomial is used to generate pseudo-modulation values.

[0307] In this case, pseudo-modulation values ​​can be generated by mapping the values ​​of the scrambling sequence to one of two phases that are 180 degrees apart.

[0308] In this case, the third bit output (x) of the shift register initialized with the value 0xF180 can be used. 14 ), fourth bit output (x) 13 ), fifth bit output (x) 12 ), sixth bit output (x) 11 ), tenth bit output (x) 7 ), Thirteenth bit output (x) 4 ), the fourteenth bit output (x) 3 The scrambling sequence is generated by the eight bits produced by the sixteenth bit output (x) and the sixteenth bit output (x).

[0309] In the single-layer configuration, the enhancement layer BICM unit 320, injection level controller 330, combiner 340, and power normalizer 345 can be omitted. In this case, the time interleaver 350 can generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving on the BICM output signal of the core layer BICM unit 310. Furthermore, the frame builder 370 can generate a broadcast signal frame, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for signaling a time-interleaving pattern corresponding to the time interleaver 350 of each physical layer channel (PLP).

[0310] In this scenario, the physical layer channel may include multiple core physical layer channels corresponding to a complete delivered product, and the core physical layer channels may not be layer-multiplexed.

[0311] In this case, each of the core layer physical layer channels can use either a time-interleaving-free mode or a hybrid time-interleaving mode as the time-interleaving mode, and convolutional interleaving mode can be omitted.

[0312] In this scenario, when all core layer physical layer channels use a hybrid time-interleaving mode as the time-interleaving mode, all core layer physical layer channels can use intra-frame interleaving mode, or all core layer physical layer channels can use inter-frame interleaving mode.

[0313] In this scenario, when all core layer physical layer channels use a hybrid time interleaving mode as the time interleaving mode, all core layer physical layer channels can be configured with the same L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe value.

[0314] In this scenario, when all core layer physical layer channels use a hybrid time-interleaving mode as both the time-interleaving mode and the inter-frame interleaving mode, all core layer physical layer channels can use the same time-interleaving unit (N). IU ).

[0315] In this case, when at least one core layer physical layer channel uses a non-temporal interleaving mode as a temporal interleaving mode, any core layer physical layer channel configured to use a hybrid temporal interleaving mode can use an intra-frame interleaving mode.

[0316] In this scenario, a complete delivery product can correspond to at least one subframe, and the subframe can be first filled with pseudo-modulation values, and then the actual physical layer channel data can be rewritten to generate the subframe.

[0317] In this case, it can be achieved by using the combination of 1 + X + X 3 + X 6 + X 7 + X 11 + X 12 + X 13 + X 16 The scrambling sequence generated by the corresponding generator polynomial is used to generate pseudo-modulation values.

[0318] In this case, pseudo-modulation values ​​can be generated by mapping the values ​​of the scrambling sequence to one of two phases that are 180 degrees apart.

[0319] In this scenario, time interleaver 350 can use one time interleaver group, and the boundary between time interleaver groups can be the boundary between physical layer channels (PLPs) of the core layer corresponding to the core layer signal. That is, one of the boundaries between physical layer channels (PLPs) of the core layer can be the boundary between time interleaver groups.

[0320] In this case, the enhancement layer data corresponding to one of the time interleaver groups in the time interleaver group may include pseudo-values.

[0321] In this case, a pseudo-value can be inserted after the actual data unit of the last enhanced PLP in the PLP group, so that the total number of enhanced layer units in the PLP group is the same as the total number of core layer units in the PLP group.

[0322] In this case, pseudo-values ​​may not be inserted into the core layer data.

[0323] In this case, a pseudo-value can be inserted after the core layer BICM and the enhancement layer BICM and before the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal are combined.

[0324] In this case, the pseudo-values ​​can correspond to a predetermined scrambling sequence.

[0325] In this case, the scrambling sequence can be modulated using the same constellation mapping used for the final enhanced PLP.

[0326] In this case, the pseudovalue can have the same power as the final enhanced PLP.

[0327] In this case, the scrambling sequence can be generated by a 16-bit shift register corresponding to a predetermined generator polynomial.

[0328] In this case, it can be done by using 1 + X + X 3 + X 6 + X 7 + X 11 + X 12 + X 13 + X 16 The corresponding generator polynomial is used to generate the scrambling sequence.

[0329] In this case, the third bit output (x) of the shift register initialized with the value 0xF180 can be used. 14 ), fourth bit output (x) 13 ), fifth bit output (x) 12 ), sixth bit output (x) 11 ), tenth bit output (x) 7 ), Thirteenth bit output (x) 4 ), the fourteenth bit output (x) 3 The scrambling sequence is generated by the eight bits produced by the sixteenth bit output (x) and the sixteenth bit output (x).

[0330] In this case, time-interleaved information can be sent using signals based on the core layer.

[0331] According to one embodiment, a portion of the time-interleaved information can be signaled based on the core layer, and another portion of the time-interleaved information can be signaled regardless of the layer.

[0332] In other words, signal transmission time interleaver information can be used based on the layer identification information corresponding to the core layer.

[0333] In this case, the time interleaver 350 can correspond to a hybrid time interleaver. In this case, the physical layer channels (PLPs) of the core layer and enhancement layer can consist of only complete FEC blocks.

[0334] In this case, where the boundary between time-interleaved packets does not correspond to the boundary between FEC blocks in the enhancement layer, a preamble can be used to signal information for identifying a portion of an FEC block in the enhancement layer, where the FEC block corresponds to the boundary between time-interleaved packets.

[0335] In this case, the information used to identify a portion of the FEC block may include at least one of the following: the start position information of the physical layer channel (PLP) in the core layer, the start position information of the physical layer channel (PLP) in the enhancement layer, the modulation information corresponding to the enhancement layer, and the FEC type information corresponding to the enhancement layer.

[0336] In this case, the start position information of the physical layer channel (PLP) can correspond to the index of the first data unit of the physical layer channel (PLP).

[0337] In this case, modulation information can only be sent using a signal if the FEC type information meets the predetermined conditions.

[0338] In this case, the enhancement layer signal can correspond to the enhancement layer data recovered based on the elimination corresponding to the recovery of the core layer data, wherein the core layer data corresponds to the core layer signal.

[0339] In this case, the time interleaver 350 can correspond to a convolutional time interleaver, the time interleaver group can include a physical layer channel (PLP) containing incomplete FEC blocks, and the preamble can be used to signal the start position information of the first complete FEC block in the physical layer channel (PLP).

[0340] In this case, the time interleaver 350 can perform interleaving by using one of a number of operating modes.

[0341] In this case, the operating modes may include: a first mode corresponding to no temporal interleaving (L1D_plp_TI_mode=00), a second mode for performing convolutional temporal interleaving (L1D_plp_TI_mode=01), and a third mode for performing mixed temporal interleaving (L1D_plp_TI_mode = 10).

[0342] In this case, the preamble may include a field indicating the start position of the first complete FEC block for the first and second modes corresponding to the current physical layer channel, but may not include a field indicating the start position of the first FEC block for the third mode.

[0343] In this scenario, the field indicating the start position of the first FEC block can be either the first field (L1D_plp_fec_block_start) used in the first mode (L1D_plp_TI_mode = 00) or the second field (L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start) used in the second mode (L1D_plp_TI_mode = 01), and the first and second fields can have different lengths. In this case, the first field (L1D_plp_fec_block_start) can indicate the start position of the first FEC block that begins in the current physical layer channel during the current subframe, and the second field (L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start) can indicate the start position of the first complete FEC block that leaves the current physical layer channel of the convolutional temporal interleaver in the current subframe or a subsequent subframe. In this scenario, both the first field (L1D_plp_fec_block_start) and the second field (L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start) can be signaled after interleaving. Specifically, in the case of the second field (L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start), when signaling is performed based on interleaving, the number of bits required for signaling may increase.

[0344] In this case, the length of the second field can be longer than the length of the first field.

[0345] In this case, the length of the first field can be determined based on the length of the LDPC codeword and the modulation order, and the length of the second field can be determined not only by the length of the LDPC codeword and the modulation order but also by further considering the depth of the convolutional time interleaver.

[0346] In this case, the length of the first field can be 15 bits, and the length of the second field can be 22 bits.

[0347] In this case, for each of the core layer corresponding to the core layer signal and the enhancement layer corresponding to the enhancement layer signal, the first field and the second field can be sent by signal respectively.

[0348] In this case, frame builder 370 may include a preamble generator configured to generate a preamble, a preamble generator configured to generate a preamble, and a superimposed payload generator configured to generate a superimposed payload corresponding to a time-interleaved signal.

[0349] In this case, the preamble can be shorter than the preamble and has a fixed length.

[0350] In this case, the preamble may include symbols representing the structure of the preamble, wherein the symbols correspond to a fixed-length bit string representing a combination of modulation scheme / coding rate, FFT size, guard interval length, and pilot pattern of the preamble.

[0351] In this case, the symbol can correspond to a lookup table, in which a preamble structure corresponding to the second FFT size is assigned before the preamble structure corresponding to the first FFT size. When the modulation scheme / coding rate is the same, the second FFT size is smaller than the first FFT size. Furthermore, a preamble structure corresponding to the second guard interval length is assigned before the preamble structure corresponding to the first guard interval length. When the modulation scheme / coding rate is the same and the FFT size is the same, the second guard interval length is longer than the first guard interval length.

[0352] Broadcast signal frames can be transmitted via OFDM transmitters that are robust to multipath and Doppler phenomena. In this case, the OFDM transmitter can be considered as responsible for generating the transmission signal for the next-generation broadcast system.

[0353] In this case, the preamble may include PLP identification information for identifying the physical layer channel (PLP); and layer identification information for identifying the layer corresponding to the layer.

[0354] In this case, PLP identification information and layer identification information can be included in the preamble as distinct fields.

[0355] In this case, time interleaver information can be included in the preamble based on the core layer.

[0356] In this case, based on the comparison result of the layer identification information and the predetermined value (IF(j>0)), the preamble can selectively include injection level information corresponding to the injection level controller for each physical layer channel (PLP).

[0357] In this case, the preamble can include physical layer channel type information, start position information, and size information.

[0358] In this case, type information can be used to identify one of the first type corresponding to non-distributed physical layer channels and the second type corresponding to distributed physical layer channels.

[0359] In this case, non-distributed physical layer channels can be assigned to continuous data unit indexes, and distributed physical layer channels can include two or more sub-slices.

[0360] In this scenario, for each physical layer channel (PLP), type information can be selectively transmitted via signal based on the comparison between the layer identification information and a predetermined value.

[0361] In this case, type information can be sent via signals only to the core layer.

[0362] In this case, the starting position information can be the same as the index of the first data unit corresponding to the physical layer channel.

[0363] In this case, the start location information can be indicated by the cell addressing scheme to indicate the start location of the physical layer channel.

[0364] In this case, the start position information can be included in the preamble for each physical layer channel (PLP) without checking the conditions of the conditional statement corresponding to the layer identification information.

[0365] In this case, size information can be generated based on the number of data units allocated to the physical layer channel.

[0366] In this case, size information can be included in the preamble used for each physical layer channel (PLP) without checking the conditions of the conditional statement corresponding to the layer identification information.

[0367] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a broadcast signal frame.

[0368] refer to Figure 4 The broadcast signal frame includes a preamble 4410, a preamble 4420, and a superimposed payload 4430.

[0369] Figure 4 The frames shown can be included in a superframe.

[0370] In this case, a broadcast signal frame may include at least one OFDM symbol. A broadcast signal frame may include a reference symbol or a pilot symbol.

[0371] The frame structures that utilize Layered Multiplexing (LDM) include, for example: Figure 4 The shown are the preamble 4410, the preamble 4420, and the superimposed payload 4430.

[0372] In this case, preamble 4410 and preamble 4420 can be regarded as two levels of preambles.

[0373] In this case, the preamble 4410 can have a shorter length than the preamble 4420 for faster acquisition and detection. Alternatively, the preamble 4410 can have a fixed length. In this case, the preamble can include symbols of fixed length. For example, the preamble 4410 can consist of four OFDM symbols, each with a length of 0.5 ms, thus allowing the preamble 4410 to correspond to a fixed time length of 2 ms.

[0374] In this case, the preamble 4410 can have a fixed bandwidth, and the preamble 4420 and the superimposed payload 4430 can have a wider variable bandwidth than the preamble 4410.

[0375] The preamble 4420 can use robust LDPC codes to send detailed signaling information. In this case, the length of the preamble 4420 can vary depending on the signaling information.

[0376] In this case, both the preamble 4410 and the superimposed payload 4430 can be regarded as a common signal shared by multiple layers.

[0377] The superimposed payload 4430 can correspond to a multiplexed signal of at least two layers. In this case, the superimposed payload 4430 can be generated by combining the core layer payload and the enhancement layer payload at different power levels. In this case, the core layer payload may include an in-band signaling portion. In this case, the in-band signaling portion may include signaling information for enhancement layer services.

[0378] In this case, preamble 4410 may include symbols representing the preamble structure.

[0379] In this case, the symbols included in the preamble to represent the preamble structure can be set as shown in Table 2 below.

[0380] Table 2

[0381]

[0382]

[0383]

[0384]

[0385] For example, a fixed-length code of 7 bits can be assigned to represent the preamble structure shown in Table 2.

[0386] The L1-basic mode 1, L1-basic mode 2 and L1-basic mode 3 in Table 2 can correspond to QPSK and 3 / 15LDPC.

[0387] The L1 basic mode 4 in Table 2 can correspond to 16-NUC (non-uniform constellation) and 3 / 15 LDPC.

[0388] The L1 basic mode 5 in Table 2 can correspond to 64-NUC (non-uniform constellation) and 3 / 15 LDPC.

[0389] In Table 2, L1-basic mode 6 and L1-basic mode 7 can correspond to 256-NUC (non-uniform constellation) and 3 / 15 LDPC. Thereafter, modulation scheme / coding rate represents a combination of modulation schemes and coding rates such as QPSK and 3 / 15 LDPC.

[0390] The FFT size in Table 2 can represent the size of the Fast Fourier Transform.

[0391] The GI length in Table 2 can represent the length of the protection interval, or the length of the non-data protection interval in the time domain. In this case, the longer the protection interval, the more robust the system.

[0392] The pilot patterns in Table 2 can represent the pilot pattern's Dx. Although not explicitly shown in Table 2, in the examples therein, Dy can be all 1. For example, Dx = 3 could mean including a pilot for channel estimation every three symbols in the x-axis direction. For example, Dy = 1 could mean including a pilot every three symbols in the y-axis direction.

[0393] As shown in Table 2, a preamble structure corresponding to a more robust second modulation scheme / coding rate than the first modulation scheme / coding rate can be assigned in the lookup table before the preamble structure corresponding to the first modulation scheme / coding rate.

[0394] In this case, being assigned before other preamble structures can mean being stored in the lookup table as a sequence number corresponding to a sequence number smaller than the other preamble structures.

[0395] Furthermore, under the same modulation scheme / coding rate, a preamble structure corresponding to a shorter FFT size than the first FFT size can be assigned in a lookup table before the preamble structure corresponding to the first FFT size.

[0396] Furthermore, under the same modulation scheme / coding rate and the same FFT size, a preamble structure corresponding to a second guard interval that is longer than the first guard interval can be assigned in a lookup table before the preamble structure corresponding to the first guard interval.

[0397] As shown in Table 2, the setting of the order in which the preamble structure is assigned in the lookup table can make the recognition of the preamble structure using the preamble more efficient.

[0398] Figure 5 It is shown Figure 4 The diagram illustrates an example of the reception and processing of a broadcast signal frame.

[0399] refer to Figure 5 The preamble 4510 is detected and demodulated, and the signaling information is reconstructed by demodulating the preamble 4520 with the demodulated information.

[0400] Signaling information is used to demodulate core layer data 4530, and enhancement layer signals are demodulated through cancellation processing corresponding to the core layer data. The cancellation process corresponding to the core layer data will be described in detail later.

[0401] Figure 6 It is shown Figure 4 The diagram illustrates yet another example of the reception processing of the broadcast signal frame shown.

[0402] refer to Figure 6 The preamble 4610 is detected and demodulated, and the signaling information is reconstructed by demodulating the preamble 4620 with the demodulated information.

[0403] Signaling information is used to demodulate core layer data 4630. In this case, core layer data 4630 includes an in-band signaling portion 4650. The in-band signaling portion 4650 includes signaling information for enhancement layer services. Bandwidth is used more efficiently through the in-band signaling portion 4650. In this case, the in-band signaling portion 4650 can be included in the core layer, which is more robust than the enhancement layer.

[0404] exist Figure 6 In the example, basic signaling information and information for core layer services can be transmitted via preamble 4620, and signaling information for enhancement layer services can be transmitted via in-band signaling portion 4650.

[0405] The enhancement layer signal is demodulated through elimination processing corresponding to the core layer data.

[0406] In this case, the signaling information can be L1 (Layer 1) signaling information. L1 signaling information may include information for physical layer parameters.

[0407] refer to Figure 4 Broadcast signal frames include L1 signaling signals and data signals. For example, a broadcast signal frame can be an ATSC 3.0 frame.

[0408] Figure 7 It is shown Figure 1A block diagram of yet another example of the apparatus for generating broadcast signal frames shown.

[0409] refer to Figure 7 As can be seen, in addition to the core layer data and the enhancement layer data, the device used to generate broadcast signal frames also reuses data corresponding to N (N is a natural number equal to or greater than 1) extension layers.

[0410] In other words, besides the core layer BICM unit 310, the enhancement layer BICM unit 320, the injection level controller 330, the combiner 340, the power normalizer 345, the time interleaver 350, the signaling generation unit 360, and the frame builder 370, Figure 7 The apparatus for generating broadcast signal frames also includes N extended layer BICM units 410, ..., 430 and injection level controllers 440, ..., 460.

[0411] Already referenced Figure 3 Detailed description Figure 7 The core layer BICM unit 310, enhancement layer BICM unit 320, injection level controller 330, combiner 340, power normalizer 345, time interleaver 350, signaling generation unit 360, and frame builder 370 are shown.

[0412] Each of the N extended layer BICM units 410, ..., 430 independently performs BICM encoding, and each of the injection level controllers 440, ..., 460 performs power reduction corresponding to the corresponding extended layer, thereby enabling the power-reduced extended layer signal to be combined with other layer signals via combiner 340.

[0413] In this case, each of the error correction encoders in the extended layer BICM units 410, ..., 430 can be formed by connecting the BCH encoder and the LDPC encoder in series.

[0414] Specifically, preferably, the power reduction corresponding to each injection level controller 440, ..., 460 is greater than the power reduction of the injection level controller 330. That is, Figure 7 The lower of the injection level controllers 330, 440, ..., 460 shown can correspond to a greater power reduction.

[0415] Depend on Figure 7 The injection level information provided by the injection level controllers 330, 440, and 460 shown is included in the broadcast signal frame of the frame builder 370 via the signaling generation unit 360 and then sent to the receiver. That is, the injection level of each layer is included in the L1 signaling information and then transmitted to the receiver.

[0416] In this invention, the power adjustment can correspond to an increase or decrease in the power of the input signal, and can also correspond to an increase or decrease in the gain of the input signal.

[0417] The power normalizer 345 mitigates the power increase caused by the combination of multiple layer signals by means of the combiner 340.

[0418] exist Figure 7 In the example shown, the power normalizer 345 can adjust the power of the signal to an appropriate amplitude by multiplying the amplitude of the signal formed by combining the signals from the individual layers by a normalization factor obtained using Equation 4 below:

[0419] (4) (4)

[0420] The time interleaver 350 performs interleaving of signals equally applied to multiple layers by interleaving the signals combined by the combiner 340.

[0421] Figure 8 It is shown Figure 1 The block diagram shows another example of a signal demultiplexer.

[0422] refer to Figure 8 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the signal demultiplexer includes a time deinterleaver 510, a denormalizer 1010, a core layer BICM decoder 520, an enhancement layer symbol extractor 530, a deinjection level controller 1020, and an enhancement layer BICM decoder 540.

[0423] in this case, Figure 8 The signal demultiplexer shown can be used with Figure 3 This corresponds to the apparatus shown for generating broadcast signal frames.

[0424] The time deinterleaver 510 receives received signals from the OFDM receiver to perform operations such as time / frequency synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization, and performs operations related to the distribution of burst errors occurring on the channel. In this case, L1 signaling information is first decoded by the OFDM receiver and then used for data decoding. Specifically, the injection level information of the L1 signaling information can be transmitted to the denormalizer 1010 and the de-injection level controller 1020. In this case, the OFDM receiver can decode received signals in the form of broadcast signal frames (e.g., ATSC 3.0 frames), extract the data symbol portion of the frame, and provide the extracted data symbol portion to the time deinterleaver 510. That is, the time deinterleaver 510 distributes burst errors occurring on the channel by performing deinterleaving while transmitting data symbols.

[0425] In this case, the time deinterleaver 510 can perform operations corresponding to the time interleaver. In this case, the time deinterleaver 510 can perform deinterleaving by using one of a plurality of operating modes, and can perform deinterleaving by using time interleaver information related to the operation of the time interleaver transmitted by signals.

[0426] The denormalizer 1010 corresponds to the transmitter's power normalizer and increases the power by the level that the power normalizer has reduced. That is, the denormalizer 1010 divides the received signal by the normalization factor in Equation 2.

[0427] Despite Figure 8 In the example shown, denormalizer 1010 is illustrated as adjusting the power of the output signal of time interleaver 510, but in some embodiments, denormalizer 1010 may be located before time interleaver 510, such that power adjustment is performed before interleaving.

[0428] In other words, the denormalizer 1010 can be considered to be located before or after the time interleaver 510, and amplifies the amplitude of the signal to achieve the purpose of LLR calculation of the core layer symbol demapper.

[0429] The output of the time deinterleaver 510 (or the output of the denormalizer 1010) is provided to the core layer BICM decoder 520, and the core layer BICM decoder 520 recovers the core layer data.

[0430] In this configuration, the core layer BICM decoder 520 includes a core layer symbol demapper, a core layer bit deinterleaver, and a core layer error correction decoder. The core layer symbol demapper calculates the symbol-related LLR value, the core layer bit deinterleaver strongly mixes the calculated LLR value with the burst error, and the core layer error correction decoder corrects errors occurring on the channel.

[0431] In this scenario, the core layer symbol demapper can use a predetermined constellation to calculate the LLR value for each bit. The constellation used by the core layer symbol mapper can vary depending on the combination of the coding rate and modulation order used by the transmitter.

[0432] In this case, the core layer bit deinterleaver can perform deinterleaving on the calculated LLR value based on the LDPC codeword.

[0433] Specifically, the core layer error correction decoder can output only information bits, or it can output all bits that have been mixed with parity bits. In the latter case, the core layer error correction decoder can output only information bits as core layer data, and can output all bits that have been mixed with parity bits to the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530.

[0434] A core-layer error correction decoder can be formed by cascading a core-layer LDPC decoder and a core-layer BCH decoder. That is, the input to the core-layer error correction decoder can be fed into the core-layer LDPC decoder, the output of the core-layer LDPC decoder can be fed into the core-layer BCH decoder, and the output of the core-layer BCH decoder can become the output of the core-layer error correction decoder. In this configuration, the LDPC decoder performs LDPC decoding, and the BCH decoder performs BCH decoding.

[0435] Furthermore, an enhancement layer error correction decoder can be formed by cascading the enhancement layer LDPC decoder and the enhancement layer BCH decoder. That is, the input to the enhancement layer error correction decoder can be fed into the enhancement layer LDPC decoder, the output of the enhancement layer LDPC decoder can be fed into the enhancement layer BCH decoder, and the output of the enhancement layer BCH decoder can become the output of the enhancement layer error correction decoder.

[0436] The enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 can receive all bits from the core layer error correction decoder of the core layer BICM decoder 520, and can extract enhancement layer symbols from the output signal of the time deinterleaving unit 510 or the denormalizer 1010. In one embodiment, the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 may not receive all bits from the error correction decoder of the core layer BICM decoder 520, but may receive LDPC information bits or BCH information bits from the error correction decoder of the core layer BICM decoder 520.

[0437] In this configuration, the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 includes a buffer, a subtractor, a core layer symbol mapper, and a core layer bit interleaver. The buffer stores the output signal of either the time deinterleaver 510 or the denormalizer 1010. The core layer bit interleaver receives all bits (information bits + parity bits) from the core layer BICM decoder and performs the same core layer bit interleaving as the transmitter. The core layer symbol mapper generates the same core layer symbols as the transmitter from the interleaved signal. The subtractor obtains the enhancement layer symbols by subtracting the output signal of the core layer symbol mapper from the signal stored in the buffer and transmits the enhancement layer symbols to the de-injection level controller 1020. Specifically, when LDPC information bits are provided, the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 may further include a core layer LDPC encoder. Furthermore, when BCH information bits are provided, the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 may further include not only a core layer LDPC encoder but also a core layer BCH encoder.

[0438] In this case, the core layer LDPC encoder, core layer BCH encoder, core layer bit interleaver, and core layer symbol mapper included in the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 can be referenced. Figure 3 The LDPC encoder, BCH encoder, bit interleaver, and symbol mapper described in the core layer are the same.

[0439] The de-injection level controller 1020 receives enhancement layer symbols and increases the power of the input signal to a level that the transmitter's injection level controller has already reduced. In other words, the de-injection level controller 1020 amplifies the input signal and provides the amplified input signal to the enhancement layer BICM decoder 540. For example, if at the transmitter, the power used to combine the enhancement layer signals is 3dB lower than the power used to combine the core layer signals, the de-injection level controller 1020 activates to increase the power of the input signal by 3dB.

[0440] In this case, the de-injection level controller 1020 can be considered as receiving injection level information from the OFDM receiver and multiplying the extracted enhancement layer signal by the enhancement layer gain in Equation 5:

[0441] (5)

[0442] The enhancement layer BICM decoder 540 receives enhancement layer symbols whose power is increased by the de-injection level controller 1020 and recovers the enhancement layer data.

[0443] In this configuration, the enhancement layer BICM decoder 540 may include an enhancement layer symbol demapper, an enhancement layer bit deinterleaver, and an enhancement layer error correction decoder. The enhancement layer symbol demapper calculates the LLR value associated with the enhancement layer symbols, the enhancement layer bit deinterleaver strongly mixes the calculated LLR value with burst errors, and the enhancement layer error correction decoder corrects errors occurring on the channel.

[0444] Although the task performed by the enhancement layer BICM decoder 540 is similar to that performed by the core layer BICM decoder 520, the enhancement layer LDPC decoder typically performs LDPC decoding with a coding rate equal to or greater than 6 / 15.

[0445] For example, the core layer can use LDPC codes with a coding rate equal to or greater than 5 / 15, and the enhancement layer can use LDPC codes with a coding rate equal to or greater than 6 / 15. In this case, in a receiving environment where the enhancement layer data can be decoded, the core layer data can be decoded using only a small number of LDPC decoding iterations. Taking advantage of this characteristic, the core layer and enhancement layer share a single LDPC decoder in the receiver hardware, thereby reducing the cost required to implement the hardware. In this scenario, the core layer LDPC decoder can use only a small amount of time resources (LDPC decoding iterations), while the enhancement layer LDPC decoder can use the most time resources.

[0446] In other words, Figure 8 The signal demultiplexer shown first recovers the core layer data by eliminating core layer symbols from the received signal symbols, leaving only enhancement layer symbols, and then recovers the enhancement layer data by increasing the power of the enhancement layer symbols. (See reference...) Figure 3 and Figure 5 As mentioned above, different power level combinations correspond to the signals of each layer, so data recovery with minimal error can only be achieved by starting the recovery from the signal with the strongest power combination.

[0447] Therefore, in Figure 8In the example shown, the signal demultiplexer may include: a time deinterleaver 510 configured to generate a time-deinterleaved signal by applying time deinterleaving to the received signal; a denormalizer 1010 configured to increase the power of the received signal or the time-deinterleaved signal to a level corresponding to the power reduction by the transmitter's power normalizer; a core layer BICM decoder 520 configured to recover core layer data from the signal power-adjusted by the denormalizer 1010; an enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 configured to extract the enhancement layer signal by performing elimination corresponding to core layer data on the signal power-adjusted by the denormalizer 1010 using the output signal of the core layer FEC decoder of the core layer BICM decoder 520; a deinjection level controller 1020 configured to increase the power of the enhancement layer signal to a level corresponding to the power reduction by the transmitter's injection level controller; and an enhancement layer BICM decoder 540 configured to recover the enhancement layer data using the output signal of the deinjection level controller 1020.

[0448] In this scenario, the enhancement layer symbol extractor can receive all codewords from the core layer LDPC decoder of the core layer BICM decoder and can immediately perform bit interleaving on all codewords.

[0449] In this scenario, the enhancement layer symbol extractor can receive information bits from the core layer LDPC decoder of the core layer BICM decoder, and can perform core layer LDPC encoding on the information bits, followed by bit interleaving.

[0450] In this scenario, the enhancement layer symbol extractor can receive information bits from the core layer BCH decoder of the core layer BICM decoder, and can perform core layer BCH encoding and core layer LDPC encoding on the information bits, and then perform bit interleaving.

[0451] In this case, the denormalizer and de-injection level controller can receive injection level information IL INFO provided based on L1 signaling, and can perform power control based on the injection level information.

[0452] In this scenario, the core layer BICM decoder can have a lower bit rate than the enhancement layer BICM decoder and can be more robust than the enhancement layer BICM decoder.

[0453] In this case, the denormalizer can correspond to the reciprocal of the normalization factor.

[0454] In this case, the de-injection level controller can correspond to the reciprocal of the scaling factor.

[0455] In this case, enhancement layer data can be recovered based on the elimination corresponding to the recovery of core layer data, where the core layer data corresponds to the core layer signal.

[0456] In this configuration, the signal demultiplexer may further include: one or more extended layer symbol extractors, each configured to extract the extended layer signal by performing cancellation corresponding to previous layer data; one or more deinjection level controllers, each configured to increase the power of the extended layer signal to a level corresponding to the power reduced by the transmitter's injection level controller; and one or more extended layer BICM decoders configured to use the output signals of the one or more deinjection level controllers to recover one or more pieces of extended layer data.

[0457] according to Figure 8 As shown in the configuration, the signal demultiplexing method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: generating a time-deinterleaved signal by applying time deinterleaving to a received signal; increasing the power of the received signal or the time-deinterleaved signal to a level corresponding to the power reduced by the power normalizer of the transmitter; recovering core layer data from the power-adjusted signal; extracting an enhancement layer signal by performing elimination corresponding to the core layer data on the power-adjusted signal; increasing the power of the enhancement layer signal to a level corresponding to the power reduced by the injection level controller of the transmitter; and using the enhancement layer signal to recover the enhancement layer data.

[0458] In this case, extracting the enhancement layer signal may involve receiving all codewords from the core layer LDPC decoder of the core layer BICM decoder and immediately performing bit interleaving on all codewords.

[0459] In this case, extracting the enhancement layer signal may include receiving information bits from the core layer LDPC decoder of the core layer BICM decoder, performing core layer LDPC encoding on the information bits, and then performing bit interleaving.

[0460] In this case, extracting the enhancement layer signal may include receiving information bits from the core layer BCH decoder of the core layer BICM decoder, performing core layer BCH encoding and core layer LDPC encoding on the information bits, and then performing bit interleaving.

[0461] Figure 9 It is shown Figure 8 A block diagram of an example of the core layer BICM decoder 520 and the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 shown.

[0462] refer to Figure 9The core layer BICM decoder 520 includes a core layer symbol demapper, a core layer bit deinterleaver, a core layer LDPC decoder, and a core layer BCH decoder.

[0463] In other words, Figure 9 In the example shown, the core layer error correction decoder includes a core layer LDPC decoder and a core layer BCH decoder.

[0464] In addition, Figure 9 In the example shown, the core layer LDPC decoder provides all codewords, including the parity bits, to the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530. That is, although the LDPC decoder typically only outputs the information bits of all LDPC codewords, it can output all codewords.

[0465] In this case, although the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 can be easily implemented because it does not need to include the core layer LDPC encoder or the core layer BCH encoder, residuals may still be retained in the LDPC code parity check part.

[0466] Figure 10 It is shown Figure 8 A block diagram of yet another example of the core layer BICM decoder 520 and the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 shown.

[0467] refer to Figure 10 The core layer BICM decoder 520 includes a core layer symbol demapper, a core layer bit deinterleaver, a core layer LDPC decoder, and a core layer BCH decoder.

[0468] In other words, Figure 10 In the example shown, the core layer error correction decoder includes a core layer LDPC decoder and a core layer BCH decoder.

[0469] In addition, Figure 10 In the example shown, the core layer LDPC decoder provides information bits, excluding parity bits, to the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530.

[0470] In this case, although the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 does not need to include the core layer BCH encoder, it must include the core layer LDPC encoder.

[0471] Figure 10 The example shown can be larger than Figure 9 The example shown aims to eliminate residuals that might remain in the parity section of the LDPC code.

[0472] Figure 11 It is shown Figure 8A block diagram of yet another example of the core layer BICM decoder 520 and the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 shown.

[0473] refer to Figure 11 The core layer BICM decoder 520 includes a core layer symbol demapper, a core layer bit deinterleaver, a core layer LDPC decoder, and a core layer BCH decoder.

[0474] In other words, Figure 11 In the example shown, the core layer error correction decoder includes a core layer LDPC decoder and a core layer BCH decoder.

[0475] exist Figure 11 In the example shown, the output of the core layer BCH decoder corresponding to the core layer data is provided to the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530.

[0476] In this case, although the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 has high complexity because it must include both the core layer LDPC encoder and the core layer BCH encoder, it guarantees higher performance than... Figure 9 and 10 The example in [the example] shows higher performance.

[0477] Figure 12 It is shown Figure 1 The block diagram shows another example of a signal demultiplexer.

[0478] refer to Figure 12 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the signal demultiplexer includes a time deinterleaver 510, a denormalizer 1010, a core layer BICM decoder 520, an enhancement layer symbol extractor 530, an enhancement layer BICM decoder 540, one or more extended layer symbol extractors 650 and 670, one or more extended layer BICM decoders 660 and 680, and deinjection level controllers 1020, 1150, and 1170.

[0479] in this case, Figure 12 The signal demultiplexer shown can be used with Figure 7 This corresponds to the apparatus shown for generating broadcast signal frames.

[0480] The time deinterleaver 510 receives received signals from the OFDM receiver to perform operations such as synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization, and performs operations related to the distribution of burst errors occurring on the channel. In this case, L1 signaling information can first be decoded by the OFDM receiver and then used for data decoding. Specifically, the injection level information of the L1 signaling information can be transmitted to the denormalizer 1010 and the de-injection level controllers 1020, 1150, and 1170.

[0481] In this case, the denormalizer 1010 can obtain the injection level information of all layers, and the denormalization factor can be obtained using the following Equation 6. The input signal can then be multiplied by the denormalization factor:

[0482] (6)

[0483] In other words, the denormalization factor is the reciprocal of the normalization factor expressed in Equation 4 above.

[0484] In one embodiment, when the N1 signaling includes not only injection level information but also normalization factor information, the denormalizer 1010 can easily obtain the denormalization factor by taking the reciprocal of the normalization factor, without needing to use the injection level to calculate the denormalization factor.

[0485] The denormalizer 1010 corresponds to the transmitter's power normalizer and increases the power level that the power normalizer has reduced.

[0486] Despite Figure 12 In the example shown, denormalizer 1010 is illustrated as adjusting the power of the output signal of time interleaver 510. However, in one embodiment, denormalizer 1010 may be located before time interleaver 510, such that power adjustment can be performed before interleaving.

[0487] In other words, the denormalizer 1010 can be considered to be located before or after the time interleaver 510, and amplifies the amplitude of the signal to achieve the purpose of LLR calculation of the core layer symbol demapper.

[0488] The output of the time deinterleaver 510 (or the output of the denormalizer 1010) is provided to the core layer BICM decoder 520, and the core layer BICM decoder 520 recovers the core layer data.

[0489] In this configuration, the core layer BICM decoder 520 includes a core layer symbol demapper, a core layer bit deinterleaver, and a core layer error correction decoder. The core layer symbol demapper calculates the symbol-related LLR value, the core layer bit deinterleaver strongly mixes the calculated LLR value with the burst error, and the core layer error correction decoder corrects errors occurring on the channel.

[0490] Specifically, the core layer error correction decoder can output only the information bits, or it can output all bits that have been combined with the parity bits. In this case, the core layer error correction decoder can output only the information bits as core layer data, and can output all bits that have been combined with the parity bits to the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530.

[0491] A core-layer error correction decoder can be formed by cascading a core-layer LDPC decoder and a core-layer BCH decoder. That is, the input to the core-layer error correction decoder can be fed into the core-layer LDPC decoder, the output of the core-layer LDPC decoder can be fed into the core-layer BCH decoder, and the output of the core-layer BCH decoder can become the output of the core-layer error correction decoder. In this configuration, the LDPC decoder performs LDPC decoding, and the BCH decoder performs BCH decoding.

[0492] An enhancement layer error correction decoder can also be formed by cascading the enhancement layer LDPC decoder and the enhancement layer BCH decoder. That is, the input of the enhancement layer error correction decoder can be input to the enhancement layer LDPC decoder, the output of the enhancement layer LDPC decoder can be input to the enhancement layer BCH decoder, and the output of the enhancement layer BCH decoder can become the output of the enhancement layer error correction decoder.

[0493] Alternatively, an extended layer error correction decoder can be formed by cascading the extended layer LDPC decoder and the extended layer BCH decoder. That is, the input to the extended layer error correction decoder can be fed into the extended layer LDPC decoder, the output of the extended layer LDPC decoder can be fed into the extended layer BCH decoder, and the output of the extended layer BCH decoder can become the output of the extended layer error correction decoder.

[0494] Specifically, it has been referenced Figure 9 , 10 The trade-off between complexity and performance described in section 11 regarding which of the outputs of the error correction decoder to use applies not only to... Figure 12 The core layer BICM decoder 520 and the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 are also applicable to the extension layer symbol extractors 650 and 670 and the extension layer BICM decoders 660 and 680.

[0495] The enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 can receive all bits from the core layer BICM decoder 520 of the core layer error correction decoder, and can extract enhancement layer symbols from the output signal of the time deinterleaving unit 510 or the denormalizer 1010. In one embodiment, the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 may not receive all bits from the error correction decoder of the core layer BICM decoder 520, but may instead receive LDPC information bits or BCH information bits.

[0496] In this configuration, the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 includes a buffer, a subtractor, a core layer symbol mapper, and a core layer bit interleaver. The buffer stores the output signal of either the time deinterleaver 510 or the denormalizer 1010. The core layer bit interleaver receives all bits (information bits + parity bits) from the core layer BICM decoder and performs the same core layer bit interleaving as the transmitter. The core layer symbol mapper generates the same core layer symbols as the transmitter from the interleaved signal. The subtractor obtains the enhancement layer symbols by subtracting the output signal of the core layer symbol mapper from the signal stored in the buffer and transmits the enhancement layer symbols to the de-injection level controller 1020.

[0497] In this case, the core layer bit interleaver and core layer symbol mapper included in the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530 can be combined with... Figure 7 The core layer bit interleaver and core layer symbol mapper shown are the same.

[0498] The de-injection level controller 1020 receives the enhancement layer symbols and increases the power of the input signal to a level that the transmitter's injection level controller has already reduced the power of. In other words, the de-injection level controller 1020 amplifies the input signal and provides the amplified input signal to the enhancement layer BICM decoder 540.

[0499] The enhancement layer BICM decoder 540 receives enhancement layer symbols whose power is increased by the de-injection level controller 1020 and recovers the enhancement layer data.

[0500] In this configuration, the enhancement layer BICM decoder 540 may include an enhancement layer symbol demapper, an enhancement layer bit deinterleaver, and an enhancement layer error correction decoder. The enhancement layer symbol demapper calculates the LLR value associated with the enhancement layer symbols, the enhancement layer bit deinterleaver strongly mixes the calculated LLR value with burst errors, and the enhancement layer error correction decoder corrects errors occurring on the channel.

[0501] Specifically, the enhancement layer error correction decoder can output only the information bits, or it can output all bits that have been combined with the parity bits. In this case, the enhancement layer error correction decoder can output only the information bits as enhancement layer data, and it can output all bits that have been mixed with the parity bits to the extension layer symbol extractor 650.

[0502] The extended layer symbol extractor 650 receives all bits from the enhanced layer error correction decoder of the enhanced layer BICM decoder 540 and extracts the extended layer symbols from the output signal of the de-injection level controller 1020.

[0503] In this case, the de-injection level controller 1020 can amplify the power of the output signal of the subtractor of the enhancement layer symbol extractor 530.

[0504] In this configuration, the extended layer symbol extractor 650 includes a buffer, a subtractor, an enhancement layer symbol mapper, and an enhancement layer bit interleaver. The buffer stores the output signal of the injection level controller 1020. The enhancement layer bit interleaver receives all bits (information bits + parity bits) from the enhancement layer BICM decoder and performs the same enhancement layer bit interleaver as the transmitter. The enhancement layer symbol mapper generates enhancement layer symbols from the interleaved signal that are identical to the transmitter's enhancement layer symbols. The subtractor obtains the extended layer symbols by subtracting the output signal of the enhancement layer symbol mapper from the signal stored in the buffer and transmits the extended layer symbols to the extended layer BICM decoder 660.

[0505] In this case, the enhanced layer bit interleaver and enhanced layer symbol mapper included in the extended layer symbol extractor 650 can be combined with... Figure 7 The enhancement layer bit interleaver and enhancement layer symbol mapper shown are the same.

[0506] The injection level controller 1150 increases the power at the level of the corresponding layer of the transmitter where the injection level controller has reduced the power.

[0507] In this case, the de-injection level controller can be viewed as performing an operation that multiplies the extended layer gain by Equation 7 below. In this case, the 0th injection level can be considered as 0dB:

[0508] (7)

[0509] The extended layer BICM decoder 660 receives extended layer symbols whose power is increased by the de-injection level controller 1150 and recovers the extended layer data.

[0510] In this configuration, the extended layer BICM decoder 660 may include an extended layer symbol demapper, an extended layer bit deinterleaver, and an extended layer error correction decoder. The extended layer symbol demapper calculates the LLR value associated with the extended layer symbols, the extended layer bit deinterleaver strongly mixes the calculated LLR value with the burst error, and the extended layer error correction decoder corrects errors occurring on the channel.

[0511] Specifically, if there are two or more extension layers, each of the extension layer symbol extractor and the extension layer BICM decoder can include two or more extractors or decoders.

[0512] In other words, Figure 12In the example shown, the extended layer error correction decoder of the extended layer BICM decoder 660 can output only the information bits, or it can output all bits that have been combined with the parity bits. In this case, the extended layer error correction decoder outputs only the information bits as extended layer data, and can output all bits that have been mixed with the parity bits to the subsequent extended layer symbol extractor 670.

[0513] Based on the configuration and operation of the extended layer symbol extractor 650, the extended layer BICM decoder 660, and the de-injection level controller 1150 described above, the configuration and operation of the extended layer symbol extractor 670, the extended layer BICM decoder 680, and the de-injection level controller 1170 can be easily understood.

[0514] Figure 12 The lower of the de-injection level controllers 1020, 1150, and 1170 shown can correspond to a greater power increase. That is, de-injection level controller 1150 can increase more power than de-injection level controller 1020, and de-injection level controller 1170 can increase more power than de-injection level controller 1150.

[0515] It can be seen that, Figure 12 The signal demultiplexer shown first recovers the core layer data, uses core layer symbol cancellation to recover the enhancement layer data, and uses enhancement layer symbol cancellation to recover the extension layer data. Two or more extension layers can be provided; in this case, recovery begins with the extension layer combined at higher power levels.

[0516] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating the power increase attributed to the combination of core layer signals and enhancement layer signals.

[0517] refer to Figure 13 As can be seen, when a multiplexed signal is generated by combining the core layer signal with the enhancement layer signal whose power injection level has been reduced, the power level of the multiplexed signal is higher than that of the core layer signal or the enhancement layer signal.

[0518] In this case, the [factor] can be [controlled] with a step size of 0.5 dB or 1 dB. Figure 3 and Figure 7 The injection level controller shown adjusts the injection level from 0 dB to 25.0 dB. When the injection level is 3.0 dB, the power of the enhancement layer signal is 3 dB lower than that of the core layer signal. When the injection level is 10.0 dB, the power of the enhancement layer signal is 10 dB lower than that of the core layer signal. This relationship can be applied not only between the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal, but also between the enhancement layer signal and the extension layer signal, or even between extension layer signals.

[0519] Figure 3 and Figure 7 The power normalizer shown can adjust the power level after combination, thereby solving problems such as signal distortion that may be caused by the power increase attributable to combination.

[0520] Figure 14 This is an operation flowchart illustrating a method for generating broadcast signal frames according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0521] refer to Figure 14 In the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1210, BICM is applied to the core layer data.

[0522] Furthermore, in the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1220, BICM is applied to the enhancement layer data.

[0523] The BICM applied in step S1220 may be different from the BICM applied in step S1210. In this case, the BICM applied in step S1220 may be less robust than the BICM applied in step S1210. In this case, the bit rate of the BICM applied in step S1220 may be less robust than the bit rate of the BICM applied in step S1210.

[0524] In this case, the enhancement layer signal can correspond to the enhancement layer data recovered based on the elimination corresponding to the recovery of the core layer data, where the core layer data corresponds to the core layer signal.

[0525] Furthermore, in the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1230, a power-reduced enhancement layer signal is generated by reducing the power of the enhancement layer signal.

[0526] In this case, in step S1230, the injection level can be changed from 00 dB to 25.0 dB in increments of 0.5 dB or 1 dB.

[0527] Furthermore, in the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1240, a multiplexed signal is generated by combining the core layer signal and the power-reduced enhancement layer signal.

[0528] In this case, in step S1240, the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal can be combined with different power levels, such that the power level of the enhancement layer signal is lower than the power level of the core layer signal.

[0529] In this case, in step S1240, one or more extended layer signals having a lower power level than the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal can be combined with the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal.

[0530] Furthermore, in the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, power normalization for reducing the power of the multiplexed signal is performed in step S1250.

[0531] In this case, in step S1250, the power of the multiplexed signal can be reduced to the power of the core layer signal. In this case, in step S1250, the power of the multiplexed signal can be reduced to the level at which the power was increased in step S1240.

[0532] Furthermore, in the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1260, a time-interleaved signal is generated by performing time interleaving.

[0533] In this case, in step S1260, a time-interleaved signal can be generated by performing time interleaving applied to both the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal.

[0534] According to an embodiment, in step S1260, in the case of a single layer, a time-interleaved signal can be generated by performing time interleaving on the BICM output signal.

[0535] In this case, step S1260 can use one of the time interleaver groups, and the boundary between the time interleaver groups can be the boundary between the physical layer channels (PLPs) of the core layer corresponding to the core layer signal.

[0536] In this case, step S1260 can use a hybrid time interleaver to perform interleaving. In this case, the physical layer channels (PLPs) of the core layer and enhancement layer can consist of only complete FEC blocks.

[0537] In this case, step S1260 can use a convolutional temporal interleaver to perform interleaving. The temporal interleaver group can include a physical layer channel (PLP) containing incomplete FEC blocks, and a preamble can be used to signal the start position information of the first complete FEC block in the physical layer channel (PLP).

[0538] In this case, step S1260 can be performed by using one of the multiple operating modes.

[0539] In this case, the operating modes may include a first mode corresponding to no temporal interleaving, a second mode for performing convolutional temporal interleaving, and a third mode for performing mixed temporal interleaving.

[0540] In this scenario, the operating mode can correspond to a time-interleaving mode. Specifically, a time-interleaving mode corresponding to the time interleaving can be transmitted as a signal for each physical layer channel. In this case, the time-interleaving mode can be included in the preamble.

[0541] Furthermore, in the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1270, a broadcast signal frame is generated, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for signaling a time-interleaving pattern corresponding to the time interleaving for each physical layer channel (PLP).

[0542] In this case, step S1270 may generate a broadcast signal frame, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for transmitting start position information and size information for each of the physical layer channels (PLPs) in the signal transmission. In this case, the physical layer channels (PLPs) include a core physical layer channel corresponding to the core layer signal and an enhancement layer physical layer channel corresponding to the enhancement layer signal.

[0543] In this case, a different generation scheme than that used for the core layer physical layer channels can be used to generate the start position and size information of the enhancement layer physical layer channels.

[0544] In this case, the start position information and size information of the core layer physical layer channel can be generated based on the first reference timing, and the start position information and size information of the enhancement layer physical layer channel can be generated based on the second reference timing, which is different from the first reference timing.

[0545] In this case, the first reference timing can correspond to the time interleaving period, and the second reference timing can correspond to the time interleaving period.

[0546] In this case, the start position and size information of the enhancement layer physical layer channel can be defined before time interleaving.

[0547] In this case, the start position and size information of the core layer physical layer channel can be defined within the current subframe.

[0548] In this case, the start position and size information of the core layer physical layer channel can be defined after time interleaving.

[0549] In this case, the physical layer channel may include multiple core layer physical layer channels corresponding to a complete delivered product, and the multiple core layer physical layer channels may not be stratified multiplexed.

[0550] In this case, each of the core layer physical layer channels can use either a time-interleaving-free mode or a hybrid time-interleaving mode as the time-interleaving mode, and convolutional interleaving mode can be omitted.

[0551] In this scenario, when all core layer physical layer channels use a hybrid time-interleaving mode as the time-interleaving mode, all core layer physical layer channels can use intra-frame interleaving mode, or all core layer physical layer channels can use inter-frame interleaving mode.

[0552] In this scenario, when all core layer physical layer channels use a hybrid time interleaving mode as the time interleaving mode, all core layer physical layer channels can be configured with the same L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe value.

[0553] In this scenario, when all core layer physical layer channels use a hybrid time-interleaving mode as both the time-interleaving mode and the inter-frame interleaving mode, all core layer physical layer channels can use the same time-interleaving unit (N). IU ).

[0554] In this case, when at least one core layer physical layer channel uses a non-temporal interleaving mode as a temporal interleaving mode, any core layer physical layer channel configured to use a hybrid temporal interleaving mode can use an intra-frame interleaving mode.

[0555] In this scenario, a complete delivery product can correspond to at least one subframe, and the subframe can be first filled with pseudo-modulation values, and then the actual physical layer channel data can be rewritten to generate the subframe.

[0556] In this case, it can be achieved by using the combination of 1 + X + X 3 + X 6 + X 7 + X 11 + X 12 + X 13 + X 16 The scrambling sequence generated by the corresponding generator polynomial is used to generate pseudo-modulation values.

[0557] In this case, pseudo-modulation values ​​can be generated by mapping the values ​​of the scrambling sequence to one of two phases that are 180 degrees apart.

[0558] In this case, the physical layer channel may include an enhancement layer physical layer channel and multiple core layer physical layer channels, wherein the multiple core layer physical layer channels and the one enhancement layer physical layer channel are layer-multiplexed.

[0559] In this case, the time interleaving mode corresponding to the enhancement layer physical layer channel can be the same as the time interleaving mode corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel, wherein the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel are multi-layered multiplexed.

[0560] In this case, the time interleaving mode corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel can be either all non-time interleaving mode or all mixed time interleaving mode, wherein the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel are multi-layered multiplexed.

[0561] In this case, when all the time interleaving modes corresponding to the core layer physical layer channels (wherein the core layer physical layer channels and the enhancement layer physical layer channels are multi-multiplexed) are mixed time interleaving modes, all the core layer physical layer channels (wherein the core layer physical layer channels and the enhancement layer physical layer channels are multi-multiplexed) can use intra-frame interleaving modes.

[0562] In this case, when all the time interleaving modes corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel (wherein the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel are multi-multiplexed) are non-time interleaving modes, each of the core layer physical layer channels (wherein the core layer physical layer channel and the enhancement layer physical layer channel are multi-multiplexed) can be composed of an integer number of FEC blocks in each subframe.

[0563] In this scenario, all available data units of the subframe can be filled with pseudo-modulation values ​​first, and then the actual physical layer channel data can be rewritten to generate the subframe.

[0564] In this case, it can be achieved by using the combination of 1 + X + X 3 + X 6 + X 7 + X 11 + X 12 + X 13 + X 16 The scrambling sequence generated by the corresponding generator polynomial is used to generate pseudo-modulation values.

[0565] In this case, pseudo-modulation values ​​can be generated by mapping the values ​​of the scrambling sequence to one of two phases that are 180 degrees apart.

[0566] In this case, the third bit output (x) of the shift register initialized with the value 0xF180 can be used. 14 ), fourth bit output (x) 13 ), fifth bit output (x) 12 ), sixth bit output (x) 11 ), tenth bit output (x) 7 ), Thirteenth bit output (x) 4 ), the fourteenth bit output (x) 3 The scrambling sequence is generated by the eight bits produced by the sixteenth bit output (x) and the sixteenth bit output (x).

[0567] In this case, time-interleaved information can be sent using signals based on the core layer.

[0568] In this case, where the boundary between time-interleaved packets does not correspond to the boundary between FEC blocks of the enhancement layer, a preamble can be used to signal information for identifying a portion of the FEC block of the enhancement layer, where the FEC block corresponds to the boundary between time-interleaved packets.

[0569] In this case, the information used to identify a portion of the FEC block may include at least one of the following: the start position information of the physical layer channel (PLP) in the core layer, the start position information of the physical layer channel (PLP) in the enhancement layer, the modulation information corresponding to the enhancement layer, and the FEC type information corresponding to the enhancement layer.

[0570] In this case, the start position information of the physical layer channel (PLP) can correspond to the index of the first data unit of the physical layer channel (PLP).

[0571] In this case, modulation information can only be sent using a signal if the FEC type information meets the predetermined conditions.

[0572] In this case, the enhancement layer signal corresponds to the enhancement layer data that can be recovered based on the elimination corresponding to the recovery of the core layer data, where the core layer data corresponds to the core layer signal.

[0573] In this case, step S1270 may include: generating a preamble; generating a preamble; and generating a superimposed payload corresponding to the time-interleaved signal.

[0574] In this case, the preamble may include PLP identification information for identifying the physical layer channel (PLP); and layer identification information for identifying the layer corresponding to the layer.

[0575] In this case, PLP identification information and layer identification information can be included in the preamble as distinct fields.

[0576] In this case, based on the result of comparing the layer identification information with a predetermined value (IF(j>0)), the time interleaver information can be selectively included in the preamble for each physical layer channel (PLP).

[0577] In this case, based on the result of comparing the layer identification information with a predetermined value (IF(j>0)), the preamble can selectively include injection level information corresponding to the injection level controller for each physical layer channel (PLP).

[0578] In this case, the preamble can be shorter than the preamble and has a fixed length.

[0579] In this case, the preamble may include symbols representing the structure of the preamble, wherein the symbols correspond to a fixed-length bit string representing a combination of modulation scheme / coding rate, FFT size, guard interval length, and pilot pattern of the preamble.

[0580] In this case, the symbol can correspond to a lookup table, in which a preamble structure corresponding to the second FFT size is assigned before the preamble structure corresponding to the first FFT size. When the modulation scheme / coding rate is the same, the second FFT size is smaller than the first FFT size. Furthermore, a preamble structure corresponding to the second guard interval length is assigned before the preamble structure corresponding to the first guard interval length. When the modulation scheme / coding rate is the same and the FFT size is the same, the second guard interval length is longer than the first guard interval length.

[0581] In this case, the broadcast signal frame can be an ATSC 3.0 frame.

[0582] In this case, L1 signaling information may include injection level information and / or normalization factor information.

[0583] In this case, the preamble can include physical layer channel type information, start position information, and size information.

[0584] In this case, type information can be used to identify one of the first type corresponding to non-distributed physical layer channels and the second type corresponding to distributed physical layer channels.

[0585] In this case, non-distributed physical layer channels can be assigned to continuous data unit indexes, and distributed physical layer channels can include two or more sub-slices.

[0586] In this scenario, for each physical layer channel (PLP), type information can be selectively transmitted via signal based on the comparison between the layer identification information and a predetermined value.

[0587] In this case, type information can be sent via signals only to the core layer.

[0588] In this case, the starting position information can be the same as the index of the first data unit corresponding to the physical layer channel.

[0589] In this case, the start location information can be indicated by the cell addressing scheme to indicate the start location of the physical layer channel.

[0590] In this case, the start position information can be included in the preamble for each physical layer channel (PLP) without checking the conditions of the conditional statement corresponding to the layer identification information.

[0591] In this case, size information can be generated based on the number of data units allocated to the physical layer channel.

[0592] In this case, size information can be included in the preamble used for each physical layer channel (PLP) without checking the conditions of the conditional statement corresponding to the layer identification information.

[0593] In this case, the preamble may include a field indicating the start position of the first complete FEC block for the first and second modes corresponding to the current physical layer channel, but may not include a field indicating the start position of the first FEC block for the third mode.

[0594] In this case, the field indicating the start position of the first FEC block can be one of the first field used in the first mode and the second field used in the second mode, and the first field and the second field can have different lengths.

[0595] In this case, the length of the second field can be longer than the length of the first field.

[0596] In this case, the length of the first field can be determined based on the length of the LDPC codeword and the modulation order, and the length of the second field can be determined not only by the length of the LDPC codeword and the modulation order but also by further considering the depth of the convolutional time interleaver.

[0597] In this case, the length of the first field can be 15 bits, and the length of the second field can be 22 bits.

[0598] In this case, for each of the core layer corresponding to the core layer signal and the enhancement layer corresponding to the enhancement layer signal, the first field and the second field can be sent by signal respectively.

[0599] Despite Figure 14 While not explicitly shown, the method may further include a step of generating signaling information that includes the injection level information corresponding to step S1230. In this case, the signaling information may be L1 signaling information.

[0600] Figure 14 The method for generating broadcast signal frames shown can be compared with... Figure 2 This corresponds to step S210 shown in the diagram.

[0601] Despite Figure 14 Although not explicitly shown, the method may further include a step of inserting pseudo-values ​​into the enhancement layer data between steps S1220 and S1230.

[0602] In this case, a pseudo-value can be inserted after the actual data unit of the last enhanced PLP in the PLP group, so that the total number of enhanced layer units in the PLP group is the same as the total number of core layer units in the PLP group.

[0603] In this case, pseudo-values ​​may not be inserted into the core layer data.

[0604] In this case, a pseudo-value can be inserted after the core layer BICM and the enhancement layer BICM and before the core layer signal and the enhancement layer signal are combined.

[0605] In this case, the pseudo-values ​​can correspond to a predetermined scrambling sequence.

[0606] In this case, the scrambling sequence can be adjusted by using the same constellation mapping used for the final enhanced PLP.

[0607] In this case, the pseudovalue can have the same power as the final enhanced PLP.

[0608] In this case, the scrambling sequence can be generated by a 16-bit shift register corresponding to a predetermined generator polynomial.

[0609] In this case, it can be done by using 1 + X + X 3 + X 6 + X 7 + X 11 + X 12 + X 13 + X 16 The corresponding generator polynomial is used to generate the scrambling sequence.

[0610] In this case, the third bit output (x) of the shift register initialized with the value 0xF180 can be used. 14 ), fourth bit output (x) 13 ), fifth bit output (x) 12 ), sixth bit output (x) 11 ), tenth bit output (x) 7 ), Thirteenth bit output (x) 4 ), the fourteenth bit output (x) 3 The scrambling sequence is generated by the eight bits produced by the sixteenth bit output (x) and the sixteenth bit output (x).

[0611] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating the structure of a superframe including broadcast signal frames according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0612] refer to Figure 15 The superframe based on Layer Demultiplexing (LDM) is configured with at least one frame, and each frame is configured with at least one OFDM symbol.

[0613] In this case, each OFDM symbol may begin with at least one preamble symbol. Furthermore, the frame may include reference symbols or pilot symbols.

[0614] Figure 15 The superframe illustrated may include an LDM frame 1520, a single-layer frame without LDM 1530, and a future extension frame (FEF) 1540 for future scalability, and can be configured using time division multiplexing (TDM).

[0615] When two layers are applied, LDM frame 1520 may include upper layer (UL) 1553 and lower layer (LL) 1555.

[0616] In this case, the upper layer 1553 can correspond to the core layer, and the lower layer 1555 can correspond to the enhancement layer.

[0617] In this case, the LDM frame 1520, which includes the upper layer 1553 and the lower layer 1555, can be the preamble 1552 and the preamble 1551.

[0618] In this scenario, upper-layer and lower-layer data can share a time interleaver to reduce complexity and memory size, and can use the same frame length and FFT size.

[0619] Furthermore, a single-layer frame 1530 may include a preamble 1562 and a preamble 1561.

[0620] In this scenario, single-layer frame 1530 can use a different FFT size, temporal interleaver, and frame length than LDM frame 1520. In this case, single-layer frame 1530 and LDM frame 1520 can be multiplexed in superframe 1510 based on the TDM scheme.

[0621] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an LDM frame using multiple physical layer channels and two layers of LDM.

[0622] refer to Figure 16 An LDM frame begins with a preamble signal that includes system version information or general signaling information. An L1 signaling signal, including information on the coding rate, modulation information, and the number of physical layer channels, can follow the preamble as a preamble.

[0623] A burst-form common physical layer channel (PLP) can be transmitted following a preamble (L1 signal). In this case, the common physical layer channel can transmit data that can be shared with other physical layer channels in the frame.

[0624] A two-layer LDM scheme can be used to transmit multi-physical layer channels for serving different broadcast signals. In this case, services requiring robust reception performance, such as indoor / mobile (720p or 1080p HD, etc.), can use the core layer (upper layer) data physical layer channel. In this case, fixed reception services requiring high transmission rates (4K-UHD or multi-HD, etc.) can use the enhancement layer (lower layer) data physical layer channel.

[0625] If multiple physical layer channels are multiplexed, it can be seen that the total number of physical layer channels increases.

[0626] In this scenario, the core layer data-physical layer channels and the enhancement layer data-physical layer channels can share a time interleaver to reduce complexity and memory size. Alternatively, the core layer data-physical layer channels and the enhancement layer data-physical layer channels can have the same physical layer channel size (PLP size) or different physical layer channel sizes.

[0627] According to an embodiment, the layered PLPs may have different PLP sizes from each other, and information for identifying the start position of the PLP or information for identifying the size of the PLP may be sent by signal.

[0628] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating yet another example of an LDM frame using multiple physical layer channels and two-layer LDM.

[0629] refer to Figure 17 An LDM frame may include a common physical layer channel following a preamble and L1 signal. A dual-layer LDM scheme can be used to transmit the core layer data physical layer channel and the enhancement layer data physical layer channel after the common physical layer channel.

[0630] Specifically, Figure 17 The core layer data-physical layer channel and the enhancement layer data-physical layer channel can correspond to one of type 1 and type 2. Type 1 and type 2 can be defined as follows:

[0631] – Type 1 PLP

[0632] If a common PLP exists, it is transmitted after the common PLP.

[0633] It is transmitted in bursts (a single piece) within a frame.

[0634] – Type 2 PLP

[0635] If a Type 1 PLP exists, it is transmitted after the Type 1 PLP.

[0636] It is transmitted in the form of two or more sub-fragments within a frame.

[0637] Time diversity and power consumption increase with the number of sub-slices.

[0638] In this scenario, a Type 1 PLP can correspond to a non-distributed PLP, and a Type 2 PLP can correspond to a distributed PLP. In this case, a non-distributed PLP can be assigned for continuous data unit indexing. In this case, a distributed PLP can be assigned to two or more sub-slices.

[0639] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an application example of an LDM frame using multiple physical layer channels and a two-layer LDM.

[0640] refer to Figure 18 In an LDM frame, the common physical layer channel (PLP(1,1)) can be included after the preamble and header. A time-division scheme can be used to include the data physical layer channel (PLP(2,1)) used for robust audio services in the LDM frame.

[0641] Furthermore, a two-layer LDM scheme can be used to transmit the core layer data physical layer channel (PLP(3,1)) for mobile / indoor services (720p or 1080p HD) and the enhancement layer data physical layer channel (PLP(3,2)) for high data rate services (4K-UHD or multi-HD).

[0642] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating yet another application example of an LDM frame using multiple physical layer channels and two layers of LDM.

[0643] refer to Figure 19 An LDM frame may include a preamble, a common physical layer channel (PLP(1,1)). In this case, the core layer data physical layer channel (PLP(2,1), PLP(3,1)) can be used to deliver robust audio services and mobile / indoor services (720p or 1080p HD), and the enhancement layer data physical layer channel (PLP(2,2), PLP(3,2)) can be used to deliver high data rate services (4K-UHD or multiple HD).

[0644] In this scenario, the core layer data physical layer channel and the enhancement layer data physical layer channel can use the same time interleaver.

[0645] In this case, the PLP_GROUP_ID, which indicates the same PLP group, can be used to identify the physical layer channels (PLP(2,2), PLP(3,2)) that provide the same service.

[0646] According to an embodiment, when using physical layer channels with different sizes for different LDM layers, the service can be identified by the start position and size of each physical layer channel instead of using PLP_GROUP_ID.

[0647] Despite Figure 18 and Figure 19 In this process, multiple physical layer channels and layers corresponding to layer multiplexing are identified through PLP(i,j), but the PLP identification information and layer identification information can be sent as different fields using signals.

[0648] According to an embodiment, different layers can use PLPs of different sizes. In this case, a PLP identifier can be used to identify each service.

[0649] When PLPs of different sizes are used for different layers, the start position and size of the PLP can be sent as signals for each PLP.

[0650] The following pseudocode is used to illustrate an example of a field included in a preamble according to an embodiment of the present invention. The L1 signaling information of the preamble may include the following pseudocode.

[0651] [Pseudocode]

[0652] SUB_SLICES_PER_FRAME (15 bits)

[0653] NUM_PLP (8 bits)

[0654] NUM_AUX (4 bits)

[0655] AUX_CONFIG_RFU (8 bits)

[0656] for i=0.. NUM_RF-1 {

[0657] RF_IDX (3 bits)

[0658] FREQUENCY (32 bits)

[0659] }

[0660] IF S2=='xxx1' {

[0661] FEF_TYPE (4 bits)

[0662] FEF_LENGTH (22 bits)

[0663] FEF_INTERVAL (8 bits)

[0664] }

[0665] for i=0 .. NUM_PLP-1 {

[0666] NUM_LAYER (2~3 bits)

[0667] for j=0 .. NUM_LAYER-1{

[0668] / *Signaling for each layer * /

[0669] PLP_ID (i, j) (8 bits)

[0670] PLP_GROUP_ID (8 bits)

[0671] PLP_TYPE (3 bits)

[0672] PLP_PAYLOAD_TYPE (5 bits)

[0673] PLP_COD (4 bits)

[0674] PLP_MOD (3 bits)

[0675] PLP_SSD (1 bit)

[0676] PLP_FEC_TYPE (2 bits)

[0677] PLP_NUM_BLOCKS_MAX (10 bits)

[0678] IN_BAND_A_FLAG (1 bit)

[0679] IN_BAND_B_FLAG (1 bit)

[0680] PLP_MODE (2 bits)

[0681] STATIC_PADDING_FLAG (1 bit)

[0682] IF (j>0)

[0683] LL_INJECTION_LEVEL (3~8 bits)

[0684] } / * End of NUM_LAYER loop * /

[0685] / * Common signaling for all layers * /

[0686] FF_FLAG (1 bit)

[0687] FIRST_RF_IDX (3 bits)

[0688] FIRST_FRAME_IDX (8 bits)

[0689] FRAME_INTERVAL (8 bits)

[0690] TIME_IL_LENGTH (8 bits)

[0691] TIME_IL_TYPE (1 bit)

[0692] RESERVED_1 (11 bits)

[0693] STATIC_FLAG (1 bit)

[0694] PLP_START (24 bits)

[0695] PLP_SIZE (24 bits)

[0696] / * End of NUM_PLP loop * /

[0697] FEF_LENGTH_MSB (2 bits)

[0698] RESERVED_2 (30 bits)

[0699] for i=0 .. NUM_AUX-1 {

[0700] AUX_STREAM_TYPE (4 bits)

[0701] AUX_PRIVATE_CONF (28 bits)

[0702] }

[0703] NUM_LAYER can correspond to two or three bits in the pseudocode described above. In this case, NUM_LAYER can be a field used to identify the number of layers in each time-divided PLP. In this case, NUM_LAYER can be defined in the NUM_PLP loop so that the number of layers can be different for each time-divided PLP.

[0704] LL_INJECTION_LEVEL can correspond to 3 8 bits. In this case, LL_INJECTION_LEVEL can be a field used to identify the injection level of the lower layer (enhancement layer). In this case, LL_INJECTION_LEVEL can correspond to injection level information.

[0705] In this case, when the number of layers is 2 or more, LL_INJECTION_LEVEL can be defined from the second layer (j>0).

[0706] Fields such as PLP_ID(I,j), PLP_GROUP_ID, PLP_TYPE, PLP_PAYLOAD_TYPE, PLP_CDO, PLP_MOD, PLP_SSD, PLP_FEC_TYPE, PLP_NUM_BLOCKS_MAX, IN_BAND_A_FLAG, IN_BAND_B_FLAG, PLP_MODE, STATIC_PADDING_FLAG, etc., can correspond to parameters defined for each layer and can be defined inside the NUM_LAYER loop.

[0707] In this case, PLP_ID(i,j) can correspond to both PLP identification information and layer identification information. For example, "i" in PLP_ID(i,j) can correspond to PLP identification information, and "j" in PLP_ID(i,j) can correspond to layer identification information.

[0708] According to an embodiment, PLP identification information and layer identification information can be included in the preamble as distinct fields.

[0709] In addition, time interleaver information such as TIME_IL_LENGTH and TIME_IL_TYPE, FRAME_INTERVAL related to the PLP size, and fields such as FF_FLAG, FIRST_RF_IDX, FIRST_FRAME_IDX, RESERVED_1, and STATIC_FLAG can be defined outside the NUM_LAYER loop and inside the NUM_PLP loop.

[0710] Specifically, PLP_TYPE corresponds to the type information of the physical layer channel and can correspond to 1 bit used to identify one of the two types, Type 1 and Type 2. Although PLP_TYPE is included in the preamble without checking the condition of the conditional statement corresponding to the layer identification information (j) in the pseudocode above, PLP_TYPE can be selectively sent by signal (transmitted only for the core layer) based on the result of comparing the layer identification information (j) with a predetermined value (0) (if (j = 0)).

[0711] Although PLP_TYPE is defined in the NUM_LAYER loop in the pseudocode above, PLP_TYPE can also be defined outside the NUM_LAYER loop and inside the NUM_PLP loop.

[0712] In the pseudocode above, PLP_START corresponds to the start position of the corresponding physical layer channel. In this case, PLP_START can use a cell addressing scheme to identify the start position. In this case, PLP_START can be the index of the first data unit corresponding to the corresponding PLP.

[0713] Specifically, PLP_START can be sent as a signal for each physical layer channel, and the PLP_START can be used to identify the service by using multiple physical layer channels and a field for the size of the PLP sent as a signal.

[0714] In the pseudocode above, PLP_SIZE corresponds to the size information of the physical layer channel. In this case, PLP_SIZE can be the same as the number of data units allocated to the corresponding physical layer channel.

[0715] In other words, PLP_TYPE can be sent using signals based on layer identification information, and PLP_START and PLP_SIZE can be sent using signals for each physical layer channel without considering layer identification information.

[0716] Figure 3 and Figure 7 The combinedr 340 shown functions to combine core layer signals and enhancement layer signals, and can perform the combination on the basis of a time-interleaved group shared by the core layer signals and enhancement layer signals, because the core layer signals and enhancement layer signals share a time-interleaved group.

[0717] In this case, time interleaver groups can be configured based on memory efficiency and system efficiency, using the core layer as the basis.

[0718] However, when setting up time-interleaver groups based on the core layer, there may be FEC blocks divided by time-interleaver group boundaries in the enhancement layer. If such FEC blocks exist, it may be necessary to signal a field to identify a portion of the FEC block corresponding to the time-interleaver group boundary.

[0719] The temporal interleaver used for layer multiplexing can be a convolutional temporal interleaver (CTI) or a hybrid temporal interleaver (HTI). In this case, a convolutional temporal interleaver can be used when there is one physical layer channel in the core layer, and a hybrid temporal interleaver can be used when there are two or more physical layer channels in the core layer. When using a hybrid temporal interleaver, the physical layer channel can consist only of a complete FEC block.

[0720] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating an example of using a convolutional temporal interleaver.

[0721] refer to Figure 20 The subframe consists of two layers: the core layer and the enhancement layer.

[0722] Because in Figure 20 In the example shown, the subframe includes only one physical layer channel (PLP #0) in the core layer, so the temporal interleaver corresponding to this subframe is a convolutional temporal interleaver. When using a convolutional temporal interleaver, the physical layer channels in each layer may include incomplete FEC blocks.

[0723] Such incomplete FEC blocks are located at the edge of the PLP and can be identified using fields such as "L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start", which indicates the location of the first complete FEC block in each PLP.

[0724] exist Figure 20 In the example shown, the physical layer channel (PLP #0) of the core layer and the physical layer channel (PLP #1) of the enhancement layer have the same starting position and size.

[0725] exist Figure 20 As shown in the example, the time interleaver group (TI group) corresponds to the physical layer channel (PLP#0) of the core layer. The time interleaver group is applied together to the core layer and the enhancement layer, and is advantageous in terms of memory and system efficiency in relation to the core layer settings.

[0726] Figure 21 This is a diagram illustrating yet another example of using a convolutional temporal interleaver.

[0727] refer to Figure 21 As can be seen, the starting position and size of the core layer physical layer channel (PLP #0) and the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP #1) are different.

[0728] If the starting position and size of the core layer physical layer channel (PLP #0) and the starting position and size of the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP #1) are different from each other, an empty area can be included in the enhancement layer.

[0729] like Figure 21 As shown, when the back end of the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP #1) includes a clear region, the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP #1) ends with a complete FEC block.

[0730] Figure 22 This is a diagram illustrating an example of using a hybrid time interleaver.

[0731] refer to Figure 22 The core layer includes two physical layer channels (PLP #0, PLP #1).

[0732] Therefore, when the core layer consists of multiple physical layer channels, a hybrid time interleaver is used.

[0733] When using a hybrid time interleaver, all physical layer channels in the core and enhancement layers consist of only the complete FEC block.

[0734] In this case, some parts of the enhancement layer can be cleared to align with the core layer boundary.

[0735] Figure 23 It is shown Figure 22 The example shows a diagram of time interleaver grouping.

[0736] refer to Figure 23 As can be seen, the boundaries of the time interleaver grouping are set according to the boundaries of the physical layer channels corresponding to the core layer.

[0737] Although time interleaver groups include Figure 23 One of the core layer physical layer channels; however, according to one embodiment, the time interleaver group may include two or more core layer physical channels.

[0738] exist Figure 23 In the example shown, an FEC block of the enhancement layer can be divided by the time interleaver group boundary.

[0739] This is because the time interleaver group segmentation is performed on a core layer basis. In this case, it is possible to send information by signaling to identify incomplete FEC blocks in the enhancement layer, where the incomplete FEC blocks correspond to the time interleaver group boundaries.

[0740] Figures 24 to 26 This shows the calculation. Figure 23 The example shows the processing of the size of the incomplete FEC block.

[0741] refer to Figure 24The start position of the enhancement layer physical layer channel (L1D_plp_start(PLP #0)), the size of the core layer physical layer channel (L1D_plp_size(PLP #0)), and the start position of the enhancement layer physical layer channel (L1D_plp_start(PLP #2)) are used to calculate the distance (A) between the start position of the enhancement layer physical layer channel (L1D_plp_start(PLP #2)) and the time interleaver group boundary.

[0742] refer to Figure 25 The FEC block size of the enhancement layer is used to calculate the distance (B) between the starting position of the divided FEC block and the time interleaver grouping boundary.

[0743] In this case, the size of the FEC block can be determined by using the modulation information (L1D_plp_mod) corresponding to the enhancement layer and the FEC type information (L1D_plp_fec_type) corresponding to the enhancement layer.

[0744] refer to Figure 26 The portion (C) of the FEC block of the enhancement layer corresponding to the boundary between time interleaving groups is identified.

[0745] Table 3 below shows an example of the L1-details field of the preamble according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0746] The preamble according to an embodiment of the present invention may include L1-basic and L1-detail.

[0747] Table 3

[0748]

[0749]

[0750]

[0751]

[0752]

[0753] All fields corresponding to the allocated bits in Table 3 can correspond to the most significant bit first (uimsbf) format of unsigned integers.

[0754] In the fields of Table 3, L1D_plp_layer can be a field representing the layer corresponding to each physical layer channel. L1D_plp_start can correspond to the start position information of the current PLP and can indicate the index of the first data unit of the current PLP. L1D_plp_size can correspond to the size information of the current PLP and can indicate the number of data units allocated to the current PLP. In this case, L1D_plp_size can be greater than 0.

[0755] L1D_plp_fec_type can correspond to the FEC type information of the current PLP and can indicate the forward error correction (FEC) method used to encode the current PLP.

[0756] For example, L1D_plp_fec_type = "0000" can correspond to BCH and 16200 LDPC, L1D_plp_fec_type = "0001" can correspond to BCH and 64800 LDPC, L1D_plp_fec_type = "0010" can correspond to CRC and 16200 LDPC, L1D_plp_fec_type = "0011" can correspond to CRC and 64800 LDPC, L1D_plp_fec_type = "0100" can correspond to 16200 LDPC, and L1D_plp_fec_type = "0101" can correspond to 64800 LDPC.

[0757] L1D_plp_mod can indicate the modulation information of the current PLP. In this case, L1D_plp_mod can only be sent as a signal if L1D_plp_fec_type meets the predetermined conditions shown in Table 3.

[0758] For example, L1D_plp_mod = "0000" can correspond to QPSK, L1D_plp_mod = "0001" can correspond to 16QAM-NUC, L1D_plp_mod = "0010" can correspond to 64QAM-NUC, L1D_plp_mod = "0011" can correspond to 256QAM-NUC, L1D_plp_mod = "0100" can correspond to 1024QAM-NUC, and L1D_plp_mod = "0101" can correspond to 4096QAM-NUC. In this case, L1D_plp_mod can only be set to "0100" or "0101" if L1D_plp_fec_type corresponds to 64800 LDPC.

[0759] L1D_plp_TI_mode indicates the time interleaving mode of PLP.

[0760] For example, L1D_plp_TI_mode = "00" can represent a non-temporally interleaved mode, L1D_plp_TI_mode = "01" can represent a convolutional temporally interleaved mode, and L1D_plp_TI_mode = "10" can represent a mixed temporally interleaved mode.

[0761] L1D_plp_fec_block_start corresponds to the start position information of the first complete FEC block in the physical layer channel. L1D_plp_fec_block_start can only be sent as a signal when L1D_plp_TI_mode = "00".

[0762] When using layer multiplexing, since the starting position of the first FEC block in each layer can be different, L1D_plp_fec_block_start can be sent separately for each layer.

[0763] L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start can correspond to the start position information of the first complete block in the physical layer channel. L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start can only be sent as a signal when L1D_plp_TI_mode = "01".

[0764] In this case, more bits can be allocated to L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start than to L1D_plp_fec_block_start.

[0765] As mentioned above, when L1D_plp_TI_mode = "10", all PLPs only include the complete FEC block, so there is no need to send the start position of the first FEC block separately with a signal.

[0766] L1D_plp_HTI_num_fec_blocks can correspond to the number of FEC blocks contained in the current interleaved frame for the physical layer channel used in the core layer.

[0767] In this case, it can be seen that when L1D_plp_layer is 0 (core layer), each of the fields corresponding to convolutional temporal interleaving (L1D_plp_CTI_depth, L1D_plp_CTI_start_row) and the fields corresponding to hybrid temporal interleaving (L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe, L1D_plp_HTI_num_ti_blocks, L1D_plp_HTI_num_fec_blocks_max, L1D_plp_HTI_num_fec_blocks, L1D_plp_HTI_cell_interleaver, etc.) can be sent as temporal interleaving information as signals, depending on whether L1D_plp_TI_mode is 01 or 10.

[0768] In this case, L1D_plp_CTI_depth can indicate the number of rows used in the convolutional temporal interleaver, and L1D_plp_CTI_start_row can indicate the position of the interleaver selector at the beginning of the subframe.

[0769] In this case, L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe can indicate the mixed temporal interleaving mode, and L1D_plp_HTI_num_ti_blocks can indicate the number of TI blocks per interleaved frame or the number of subframes carrying cells from a TI block, and L1D_plp_HTI_num_fec_blocks_max can indicate a number smaller than the maximum number of FEC blocks per interleaved frame for the current physical layer channel, and L1D_plp_HTI_num_fec_blocks can indicate a number smaller than the number of FEC blocks included in the current interleaved frame for the current physical layer channel, and L1D_plp_HTI_cell_interleaver can indicate whether a cell interleaver is used.

[0770] In this case, time interleaver information based on the core layer can be signaled separately from fields such as L1D_plp_TI_mode.

[0771] Figure 27 This is a diagram used to explain the number of bits required for L1D_plp_fec_block_start when L1D_plp_TI_mode = "00".

[0772] refer to Figure 27As can be seen, when L1D_plp_TI_mode = "00" (no time interleaving), the cell address (C_in) of the start position of the FEC block before time interleaving and the cell address (C_out) of the start position of the FEC block after time interleaving are the same.

[0773] In the absence of time interweaving, such as Figure 27 As shown, convolutional interleaving is performed at a depth of 0.

[0774] In this case, L1D_plp_fec_block_start is defined after time interleaving, so that C_out can be sent as a signal for L1D_plp_fec_block_start for each physical layer channel in the subframe.

[0775] When the LDPC codeword is 16200 or 64800 and the modulation order is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12, the longest FEC block can have a length of 64800 / 2 = 32400.

[0776] Since 32400 can be represented by 15 bits, allocating 15 bits to L1D_plp_fec_block_start can cover the case where L1D_plp_TI_mode = "00".

[0777] Figure 28 and 29 This is a diagram used to explain the number of bits required for L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start when L1D_plp_TI_mode = "01".

[0778] refer to Figure 28 As can be seen, when L1D_plp_TI_mode = "01" (convolutional temporal interleaving), the cell address (C_in) of the start position of the FEC block before temporal interleaving and the cell address (C_out) of the start position of the FEC block after temporal interleaving are different due to interleaving.

[0779] In this case, L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start is defined after time interleaving, so that C_out can be sent as a signal for L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start for each physical layer channel in the subframe.

[0780] refer to Figure 29 As can be seen, the convolutional temporal interleaver with a depth of 4 operates with C_in as input and C_out as output.

[0781] In this case, given the input, 0 corresponds to line 0, 1 to line 1, 2 to line 2, 3 to line 3, 4 to line 0, 5 to line 1, 6 to line 2, 7 to line 3, 8 to line 0, 9 to line 1, and 10 to line 2.

[0782] First, output the numbers 0, 4, 8, etc. corresponding to the 0th row without delay.

[0783] The four delayed outputs correspond to the numbers 1, 5, 9, etc. in the first row.

[0784] The 8 delayed outputs correspond to 2, 6, 10, etc. in the second row.

[0785] The 12 delayed outputs correspond to numbers 3, 7, etc. in the 3rd row.

[0786] In other words, it can be seen that for the nth row, there are (n×4) delays.

[0787] Despite Figure 29 The example given is a depth of 4 (the number of rows in the time interleaver is 4), but when the number of rows in the time interleaver is N_row, the input corresponding to the nth row is delayed (n×N_row).

[0788] In this scenario, the cell address (L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start) at the start of the FEC block after time interleaving can be calculated as (C_in + (n × N_row)). Here, n is the row corresponding to C_in and can be determined from L1D_CTI_start_row in the time interleaving information transmitted via L1-details signaling. In this case, n can be ((L1D_CTI_start_row + C_in) % N_row). In this case, L1D_CTI_start_row can indicate the position of the interleaving selector at the beginning of the subframe.

[0789] In other words, L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start can be calculated by adding the delay caused by time interleaving to C_in.

[0790] To calculate the number of bits required to signal L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start, the maximum value of L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start is needed. As shown above, in the case of non-spread interleaving, the maximum value of C_in is 32400, the maximum value of n is N_row-1, and N_row can be at most 1024. In this case, the maximum value of L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start is (32400 + (1024-1) × 1024) = 1079952. At least 21 bits can be used to signal 1079952.

[0791] In the case of extended interleaving, N_row can be up to 1448. In this case, the maximum value of L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start is (32400 + (1448-1) × 1448) = 2127656. At least 22 bits can be used to signal 2127656.

[0792] Therefore, since the maximum value of L1D_plp_fec_block_start is the same as the maximum value of C_in when L1D_plp_TI_mode = "00", and the maximum value of L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start is the sum of the maximum value of C_in and the delay caused by interleaving when L1D_plp_TI_mode = "01", efficient signaling is possible when the number of bits used to signal L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start is greater than the number of bits used to signal L1D_plp_fec_block_start.

[0793] Since all physical layer channels in the core and enhancement layers only include complete FEC blocks when L1D_plp_TI_mode = "10", the start position of all physical layer channels becomes the start position of the first complete FEC block, thus eliminating the need to signal fields such as L1D_plp_fec_block_start or L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start.

[0794] Figure 30 This is a diagram illustrating the insertion of enhancement layer dummy values ​​when HTI mode is used with layer multiplexing.

[0795] Reference Figure 30The pseudo-value is inserted into the enhancement layer data (L1D_PLP_layer = 1) of the time interleaver group (TI_Group_1).

[0796] Let PLP grouping represent the complete set of PLPs within a subframe associated with the delivery of a specific final product to the receiver.

[0797] A PLP group can contain at least one core PLP, and may also contain one or more enhanced PLPs when using hierarchical multiplexing.

[0798] When time interleaving is configured in HTI mode, the total number of cells in the core PLP can differ from the total number of cells in the enhanced PLP within a specific PLP group, depending on the ModCod configuration of each PLP. In HTI mode, an integer number of FEC blocks are used for the actual PLP data. In this case, an enhancement layer pseudo-value can be inserted after the last actual data cell of the enhanced PLP in the PLP group, making the total number of enhancement layer cells the same as the total number of core layer cells in that PLP group. Since the time interleaving group is configured for the core PLP, pseudo-values ​​do not need to be inserted in the core layer.

[0799] The insertion of enhancement layer pseudovalues ​​can be performed after the BICM phase and before the core PLP and enhancement PLPs are combined. To generate the enhancement layer pseudovalues, a scrambling sequence can be used, and this scrambling sequence can be reinitialized for each relevant PLP group. Furthermore, this sequence can be modulated using the same constellation mapping used for the last enhancement PLP in the current PLP group.

[0800] The enhancement layer pseudovalue can have the same power as the preceding enhancement PLP in the same PLP group, such that the same scaling factor and normalization factor used for the actual data are applied to the enhancement layer pseudovalue.

[0801] Figure 31 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a shift register for generating pseudo-values ​​according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0802] Reference Figure 31 The sequence is generated by the polynomial 1 + X + X. 3 + X 6 + X 7 + X 11 + X 12 + X 13 + X 16 The corresponding 16-bit shift register is generated.

[0803] It can be initialized using the initial sequence 0xF180 (1111 0001 1000 0000). Figure 31The registers. As described above, the scrambling sequence can be reinitialized for each relevant PLP group.

[0804] exist Figure 31 In the example, the eight (D) bits in the shift register output 7 D 6 , ..., D 0 () can be an output bit. After the output bit is output, the bit in the shift register can be shifted once. After the shift, register X 14 Register X stores the 0 corresponding to the XOR operation of 1 with 1. 13 Register X stores the 1 corresponding to 1 XOR 0. 12 Store the 1 and X corresponding to 1 XOR 0. 11 Stored previously in register X 10 0 in register X 7 Register X stores the 1 corresponding to 1 XOR 0. 4 Register X stores the 1 corresponding to 1XOR 0. 3 Stored previously in register X 2 In the 0, register X stores the data previously stored in register X. 16 1 in the middle.

[0805] Therefore, in Figure 31 In the example, the output sequence (scrambling sequence) could be 1100 0000 0110 1101 00111111 ... (first the MSB, or D). 7 D 6 , ..., D 0 D 7 D 6 ,...).

[0806] As described above, each physical layer channel (PLP) can be configured with one of the following modes: no temporal interleaving mode, convolutional temporal interleaving (CTI) mode, or hybrid temporal interleaving (HTI) mode.

[0807] The time interleaving mode for the PLP can be indicated by L1D_plp_TI_mode, and the time interleaving mode indicated for the enhanced PLP should be the same as the time interleaving mode indicated for the core PLP, wherein the core PLP and the enhanced PLP are layered multiplexed.

[0808] When a complete deliverable consists of a single constant unit rate PLP, or a single constant unit rate core PLP and one or more constant unit rate enhancement PLPs that are layer-multiplexed with the core PLP, the PLPs comprising the complete deliverable can be configured to use one of a time-free interleaving mode, a convolutional time interleaving mode, or a hybrid time interleaving mode.

[0809] When a complete deliverable product consists of a PLP having characteristics different from those described in the previous paragraph, the PLP comprising the complete deliverable product may be configured to use either a time-interleaving-free mode or a mixed time-interleaving mode.

[0810] In this context, a complete deliverable product can correspond to a single service. That is, a complete deliverable product can include all the PLP data required for a single service.

[0811] The time interleaving mode for a specific complete delivery product can be configured independently of the time interleaving mode of any other delivery product's PLP used for transmission within the same RF channel. When a specific delivery product contains multiple core PLPs and / or PLPs that are not stratified multiplexed, those PLPs can be configured to use the same or different time interleaving modes (i.e., no time interleaving mode and / or mixed time interleaving mode) and / or the same or different time interleaving parameters.

[0812] Figure 32 This is a diagram illustrating the types of time interleaving patterns.

[0813] Reference Figure 32 The time interleaving mode is mainly divided into intra-frame interleaving and inter-frame interleaving.

[0814] Intra-frame interleaving corresponds to the case where interleaving occurs within a subframe. In this case, the interleaved frame is mapped to a subframe. That is, if intra-frame interleaving is performed, the decoder can decode the corresponding physical layer channel within that subframe.

[0815] Inter-frame interleaving corresponds to the situation where interleaving occurs outside the scope of a single subframe. In this case, the interleaved frame is mapped across multiple subframes. That is, if inter-frame interleaving is performed, the decoder may need data from subframes other than one subframe in order to decode the corresponding physical layer channel.

[0816] like Figure 32 As shown, No Temporal Interleaving (NO TI) corresponds to intra-frame interleaving, and Convolutional Temporal Interleaving (CTI) corresponds to inter-frame interleaving. In this case, NO TI can be considered as an interleaving mode with an interleaving depth of 0.

[0817] Hybrid Temporal Interleaving (HTI) can correspond to intra-frame interleaving or inter-frame interleaving. With CDL (Convolutional Delay Line) OFF, HTI corresponds to intra-frame interleaving. With CDL ON, HTI corresponds to inter-frame interleaving.

[0818] In the case of mixed temporal interleaving mode, the L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe field can be used to identify whether the interleaving is intra-subframe or inter-subframe. For example, when L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe = 0, the temporal interleaving mode corresponds to intra-subframe interleaving, and when L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe = 1, the temporal interleaving mode corresponds to inter-subframe interleaving.

[0819] A time-interleaving mode or parameters related to the time-interleaving mode can be set for each core layer physical layer channel. Therefore, if the time-interleaving mode or parameters related to the time-interleaving mode are not set considering the decoding process, it is possible that some core layer physical layer channels use intra-subframe interleaving while other core layer physical layer channels use inter-subframe interleaving, wherein some core layer physical layer channels are layer-multiplexed with an enhancement layer physical layer channel.

[0820] Figure 33 This is a diagram illustrating the simultaneous use of intra-frame interleaving and inter-frame interleaving.

[0821] Reference Figure 33 The three core layer physical layer channels (CORE PLP#0, CORE PLP#1, CORE PLP#2) and one enhancement layer physical layer channel (ENHANCED PLP#3) are multilayered and multiplexed.

[0822] Because the first core layer physical layer channel (CORE PLP#0) corresponds to the HTI mode with CDL OFF, it corresponds to intra-subframe interleaving. Because the second core layer physical layer channel (CORE PLP#1) corresponds to the HTI mode with CDL ON, it corresponds to inter-subframe interleaving. Because the third core layer physical layer channel (CORE PLP#2) corresponds to the NO TI mode, it corresponds to intra-subframe interleaving.

[0823] Therefore, the first and third core layer physical layer channels (CORE PLP#0, CORE PLP#2) can be decoded immediately, but decoding is only performed while waiting for (N... IU -1) number of subframes must be decoded before the second core layer physical layer channel (CORE PLP#1) can be decoded. In this case, the number corresponds to the time interleaving unit (N). IUIn this case, the time-interleaved unit (N) IU () can be the number of subframes from a unit of a time-interleaved block in the case of inter-subframe interleaving.

[0824] exist Figure 33 In the example, the segments of the enhancement layer physical layer channel have different decoding timings, which means that additional delays and buffers are needed to decode the enhancement layer physical layer channel.

[0825] Figure 34 This is a diagram illustrating a subframe when both intra-subframe interleaving and inter-subframe interleaving are used simultaneously.

[0826] Reference Figure 34 The three core layer physical layer channels (PLP#0, PLP#1, PLP#2) are multi-multiplexed with one enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#3) on three subframes.

[0827] In this configuration, the segments of the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#3-A, PLP#3-B, PLP#3-C) can have five, two, and four FEC blocks, respectively, and the time interleaving unit (N) of the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#1) can also be used. IU The value can be 3. In this case, the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#3) must wait for the time-interleaving unit (N) to complete. IU The corresponding subframe is decoded.

[0828] exist Figure 34 In the example, the timing of the output enhancement layer unit (excluding the core layer unit) could be #0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 5, 6, 29, 30, 31, 32… Therefore, outputting a portion of the first subframe (SUBFRAME#0) (#5, #6) after waiting for two subframes (SUBFRAME#1, SUBFRAME#2) could be a decoding timing issue.

[0829] To address this decoding timing issue, when multiple core layer physical layer channels are multiplexed with one enhancement layer physical layer channel, intra-frame interleaving or inter-frame interleaving can be used for all core layer physical layer channels (where all core layer physical layer channels and one enhancement layer physical layer channel are multiplexed), which can effectively solve the decoding timing problem and reduce the decoding complexity related to the decoding timing problem.

[0830] Even if multiple core layer physical layer channels that are multiplexed with a single enhancement layer physical layer channel all use inter-frame interleaving, the time interleaving unit (N) of the core layer physical layer channel...IU They can also be different from each other.

[0831] In other words, even if all core physical layer channels that are multiplexed with a single enhancement layer physical layer channel use inter-frame interleaving, the decoding complexity may still increase.

[0832] Figure 35 This is a diagram illustrating the situation where different time-interleaving units are used simultaneously.

[0833] Reference Figure 35 The three core layer physical layer channels (CORE PLP#0, CORE PLP#1, CORE PLP#2) and one enhancement layer physical layer channel (ENHANCED PLP#3) are multilayered and multiplexed.

[0834] Because the three core layer physical layer channels (CORE PLP#0, CORE PLP#1, CORE PLP#2) all correspond to the hybrid temporal interleaving mode (HTI mode) with CDL ON, they all use inter-frame interleaving. However, the temporal interleaving unit (N) of the first core layer physical layer channel (CORE PLP#0) IU The time interleaving unit (N) of the second core layer physical layer channel (CORE PLP#1) is 2. IU The time interleaving unit (N) of the third core layer physical layer channel (CORE PLP#2) is 4. IU The value is 3.

[0835] Therefore, the first core layer physical layer channel (CORE PLP#0) should wait for 1 subframe, the second core layer physical layer channel (CORE PLP#1) should wait for 3 subframes, and the third core layer physical layer channel (CORE PLP#2) should wait for 2 subframes.

[0836] exist Figure 35 In the example, the segments of the enhancement layer physical layer channel have different decoding timings, which means that additional delays and buffers are required to decode the enhancement layer physical layer channel.

[0837] Therefore, by using inter-frame interleaving and the same time interleaving unit for all core layer physical layer channels that are multiplexed with a single enhancement layer physical layer channel, decoding timing problems can be effectively solved and decoding complexity related to decoding timing problems can be reduced.

[0838] However, even if all core physical layer channels that are multiplexed with a single enhancement layer physical layer channel use inter-frame interleaving and the same time interleaving unit, decoding problems may still occur depending on the subframe structure.

[0839] Figure 36This is a diagram showing a subframe when the same time-interleaving unit is used simultaneously.

[0840] Reference Figure 36 In the first subframe (SUBFRAME 0), two core layer physical layer channels (CORE PLP#0, CORE PLP#1) and one enhancement layer physical layer channel (ENHANCED PLP#3) are multilayered and multiplexed.

[0841] In addition, in each of the second and third subframes (SUBFRAME 1, SUBFRAME 2), a core layer physical layer channel (CORE PLP#1) and an enhancement layer physical layer channel (ENHANCED PLP#3) are layer-multiplexed.

[0842] In addition, in the fourth subframe (SUBFRAME#3), a core layer physical layer channel (CORE PLP#0) and an enhancement layer physical layer channel (ENHANCED PLP#3) are layer-multiplexed.

[0843] In this case, both core layer physical layer channels (CORE PLP#0, CORE PLP#1) of the first subframe correspond to inter-frame interleaving and use the same time interleaving unit (N). IU = 3).

[0844] The core physical layer channel (CORE PLP#1) should wait until the third subframe (SUBFRAME 2), but the core physical layer channel (CORE PLP#0) should wait until after the fourth subframe (SUBFRAME 3). This is because the structures of the subframes after the first subframe (SUBFRAME 0) are different from each other.

[0845] exist Figure 36 In the example, although there are the same time interleaving units, the segments of the enhancement layer physical layer channel have different decoding timings, which means that additional delays and buffers are required to decode the enhancement layer physical layer channel.

[0846] For reference Figures 33 to 36 The decoding problem occurs because when multiple core layer physical layer channels are multiplexed with one enhancement layer physical layer channel, the segments of the enhancement layer physical layer channel have different decoding timings.

[0847] When enhancement layer physical layer channels are distributed across multiple time-interleaved packets, all core layer physical layer channels associated with that enhancement layer physical layer channel can use the same time-interleaving mode. In this case, all core layer physical layer channels associated with that enhancement layer physical layer channel should use a mixed time-interleaving mode, or all core layer physical layer channels associated with that enhancement layer physical layer channel should use a no-time-interleaving mode.

[0848] In other words, in this case, all core layer physical layer channels use the same temporal interleaving mode, but the convolutional temporal interleaving mode can be disabled.

[0849] According to an embodiment, when all core layer physical layer channels associated with the enhancement layer physical layer channel use convolutional temporal interleaving mode, the interleaving depth (L1D_plp_CTI_depth) of all core layer physical layer channels can be the same.

[0850] In this scenario, when all core layer physical layer channels associated with this enhancement layer physical layer channel use a hybrid temporal interleaving mode, each such core layer physical layer channel can use an intra-subframe interleaving mode (i.e., L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe = 0). In other words, inter-subframe interleaving can be disabled when all core layer physical layer channels associated with this enhancement layer physical layer channel use a hybrid temporal interleaving mode.

[0851] According to an embodiment, when the core layer physical layer channel associated with the enhancement layer physical layer channel uses a hybrid time interleaving mode corresponding to inter-frame interleaving, all core layer physical layer channels can use the same time interleaving unit.

[0852] In this case, when all core layer physical layer channels associated with the enhancement layer physical layer channel use a time-free interleaving mode, each such core layer physical layer channel can consist of an integer number of FEC blocks within each subframe.

[0853] In this case, pseudo-modulation values ​​can be used to achieve an integer number of FEC blocks per subframe.

[0854] Depending on the exact subframe configuration and physical layer channel multiplexing parameters, the available data cells in a subframe can be fully or partially occupied by physical layer channel data. In cases where not all available data cells have physical layer channel data mapped to them, it is important that these unoccupied data cells are modulated to ensure constant transmit power, rather than being reserved as unmodulated empty cells. This can be achieved by assigning pseudo-random pseudo-modulation values ​​to the unoccupied data cells.

[0855] Depending on the exact physical layer channel multiplexing parameters, unused data units can appear anywhere within a subframe. Therefore, all available data units in a subframe can first be filled with pseudo-modulation values, and then the unit multiplexing process can rewrite the pseudo-modulation values ​​of occupied data units with actual physical layer channel data. This method ensures that each available data unit in a subframe is modulated by either a physical layer channel unit or a pseudo-modulation value.

[0856] N cell It can be the total number of available data units in a subframe, such that it ranges from 0 to N. cell -1 indexes those data units. d i It can be an index i (0≤i) <N cell The pseudo-modulation value of the data unit, and b i (0≤i) <N cell ) can represent Figure 31 The i-th value of the scrambled sequence being interpreted.

[0857] In this case, we have index i (0≤i) <N cell The real value of the pseudo-modulation value of the data unit can be (1-2*b). i Furthermore, the imaginary value of the pseudo-modulation value can be 0. In other words, the pseudo-modulation value is generated by mapping the value of the scrambling sequence to one of two phases that are 180 degrees apart.

[0858] Before any physical layer channel data is multiplexed into the subframe, the N in the subframe cell Each available data unit may have a corresponding pseudo-modulation value assigned to it. After these pseudo-modulation values ​​are inserted, the physical layer channel data belonging to the current subframe can be mapped to the corresponding data unit assigned to that physical layer channel data, and the pseudo-modulation values ​​previously assigned to those data units can be overwritten.

[0859] Decoding timing mismatch can be a problem not only for multiple core layer physical layer channels that are multiplexed with an enhancement layer physical layer channel, but also for core layer physical layer channels that are not multiplexed.

[0860] Figure 37 This is a diagram illustrating a complete delivered product consisting of multiple physical layer channels.

[0861] Reference Figure 37 A complete deliverable consists of three core layer physical layer channels (PLP#0, PLP#1, PLP#2). In this case, a complete deliverable may correspond to one service (SERVICE A). In this case, the core layer physical layer channels (PLP#0, PLP#1, PLP#2) may not be layer-multiplexed.

[0862] In this case, the first core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0) can correspond to the video data of service (SERVICE A), the second core layer physical layer channel (PLP#1) can correspond to the first audio data of service (SERVICE A), and the third core layer physical layer channel (PLP#2) can correspond to the second audio data of service (SERVICE A).

[0863] Because the characteristics of the data differ for each core physical layer channel that constitutes a complete delivered product, the first core physical layer channel (PLP#0) can correspond to a mixed time interleaving mode with CDL OFF, the second core physical layer channel (PLP#1) can correspond to a mixed time interleaving mode with CDL ON, and the third core physical layer channel (PLP#2) can correspond to a mixed time interleaving mode with CDL ON. In this case, as... Figure 37 As shown, the time interleaving unit (N) of the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#1) IU ) can be 3, the time interleaving unit (N) of the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#2). IU () can be 4.

[0864] In the case where some core physical layer channels in a core physical layer channel that includes a complete delivery product correspond to intra-subframe interleaving, and other core physical layer channels in a core physical layer channel that includes a complete delivery product correspond to inter-subframe interleaving, the core physical layer channels corresponding to intra-subframe interleaving can be decoded immediately, but the core physical layer channels corresponding to inter-subframe interleaving will wait for other subframes.

[0865] Furthermore, even if both core layer physical layer channels use inter-frame interleaving, when the time interleaving unit (N) of the core layer physical layer channel is used... IU When they are different, the decoding timing will also not match.

[0866] exist Figure 37 In the example, because the first physical layer channel (PLP#0) corresponds to intra-frame interleaving, it can be decoded immediately. Because the second physical layer channel (PLP#1) corresponds to a time-interleaving unit (N... IU The inter-frame interleaving is 3, so it should wait for two subframes. This is because the third physical layer channel (PLP#2) corresponds to a time interleaving unit (N). IU The inter-frame interleaving is 4, so it should wait for three subframes.

[0867] exist Figure 37In the example, the three core physical layer channels have different decoding timings. In this case, the first core physical layer channel (PLP#0) and the second core physical layer channel (PLP#1) should be synchronized with the third core physical layer channel (PLP#2) for service (SERVICE A). Therefore, the first core physical layer channel and the second core physical layer channel (PLP#0, PLP#1) should wait for three subframes, which leads to unnecessary decoding complexity.

[0868] To reduce decoding complexity, when a specific complete delivery product contains multiple core physical layer channels that are not layer-multiplexed, and all of those core physical layer channels use a hybrid temporal interleaving mode, all of those core physical layer channels can use either intra-subframe interleaving or inter-subframe interleaving. That is, all those core physical layer channels can be configured with the same L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe value (L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe = 0 indicates intra-subframe interleaving, and L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe = 1 indicates inter-subframe interleaving).

[0869] When inter-subframe interleaving is used for those core layer physical layer channels (L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe = 1), all those core layer physical layer channels can use the same time interleaving unit (N). IU ).

[0870] When a given complete delivery product contains multiple core layer physical layer channels that are not multilayered, and at least one of those core layer physical layer channels uses a timeless interleaving mode, any one of those core layer physical layer channels configured to use a hybrid time interleaving mode should use an intra-subframe interleaving mode (L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe = 0). In other words, when a given complete delivery product contains multiple core layer physical layer channels that are not multilayered, and at least one of those core layer physical layer channels uses a timeless interleaving mode, inter-subframe interleaving mode can be disabled for any one of those core layer physical layer channels corresponding to the hybrid time interleaving mode.

[0871] Figure 38 It is shown Figure 3 or Figure 7 A block diagram of an example of a time interleaver.

[0872] Referring to 38, the time interleaver according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a unit interleaver 3810, a twisted block interleaver 3820, and a convolutional delay line 3830.

[0873] The unit interleaver 3810 interleaves the units in the time interleaver block.

[0874] In this configuration, the cell interleaver 3810 can arrange the input cells in the FEC block into a time-interleaved block. In this configuration, the time-interleaved block can consist of one or more FEC blocks.

[0875] In this case, the time interleaving block can be the basic unit for the operation of the unit interleaving machine 3810, the twisted block interleaving machine 3820, and the convolution delay line 3830.

[0876] In this case, time-interleaved blocks can include different numbers of FEC blocks.

[0877] In this case, the cell interleaver 3810 can interleave the cells within each FEC block.

[0878] In this case, the cell interleaver 3810 can perform cell interleaving by writing FEC blocks to memory and reading FEC blocks pseudo-randomly.

[0879] According to the embodiment, the unit interleaver 3810 can be omitted.

[0880] The twist block interleaver 3820 performs intra-frame interleaving corresponding to the time interleaving block.

[0881] The convolutional delay line 3830 performs inter-frame interleaving using the output of the twisted block interleaver 3820. That is, the convolutional delay line 3830 spreads time-interleaved blocks that have undergone block interleaving across multiple subframes.

[0882] In this case, the twisted block interleaver 3820 can perform intra-frame interleaving by performing column-by-column write operations and diagonal-by-diagonal read operations.

[0883] In this case, the convolution delay line 3830 can read only the data units other than the virtual units from the twisted block interleaver 3820.

[0884] In this case, after each row of data cells is written from the twisted block interleaver 3820, the convolutional delay line 3830 can generate (store) new virtual cells before the switch moves to the next branch.

[0885] In this case, the new virtual unit can be associated with the maximum number (N) of FEC blocks corresponding to the time-interleaved blocks of the interleaved frame for each branch. FEC_TI_MAX Subtract the number of FEC blocks in the time-interleaved block of the interleaved frame (N) FEC_TI The quantity obtained corresponds to the quantity obtained.

[0886] In this case, it is not necessary to output new virtual units from the device used for time interleaving (time interleaver).

[0887] In this case, the convolutional delay line 3830 may include a time-interleaving unit (N IU The corresponding branch, and each of the remaining branches other than the first branch may include at least one FIFO register.

[0888] In this case, the convolution delay line 3830 can output only a portion of the initial value stored in the FIFO register.

[0889] In this case, the portion of the initial value may correspond to an initialization unit for each of the remaining branches.

[0890] Figure 39 It is shown Figure 38 A diagram illustrating the write operation of the twisted block interleaver.

[0891] Reference Figure 39 Cells of the FEC block, including those in the time-interleaved block, are written to memory column by column.

[0892] Figure 40 It is shown Figure 38 A diagram illustrating the read operation of the twisted block interleaver.

[0893] Reference Figure 40 Cells of the FEC block, including those in the time-interleaved block, are read from memory diagonally.

[0894] exist Figure 39 and Figure 40 In the embodiments, N FEC_TI_MAX N represents the maximum number of FEC blocks in the temporal interleaving block of the interleaved frame, and N r This indicates the number of units included in each FEC block.

[0895] like Figure 39 and Figure 40 As shown, the twisted block interleaver can perform intra-frame interleaving by performing column-by-column write operations and diagonal-by-diagonal read operations.

[0896] In this case, such as Figure 40 As shown, the twisted block interleaver can skip virtual FEC cells during read processing.

[0897] Figure 41 It is shown Figure 38 A block diagram illustrating an example of a convolutional delay line.

[0898] Reference Figure 41 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the convolution delay line is composed of NIU It consists of N branches. That is, the convolutional delay line divides the temporally interleaved block into N branches. IU Number of interleaved units, and in N IU These interlaced units are scattered across each subframe.

[0899] Switch S0 can connect the twisted block interleaver to the convolution delay line. Switch S1 can connect the convolution delay line to, for example,... Figure 3 or Figure 7 The frame builder in the frame block.

[0900] In this case, the movement of switches S0 and S1 can be synchronized. That is, the switches can always point to the same branch of the convolution delay line.

[0901] The switch can be moved from the last branch of the convolution delay line back to the first branch of the convolution delay line.

[0902] When N FEC_TI Data units and (N) FEC_TI_MAX -N FEC_TI N consists of ) virtual units FEC_TI_MAX When a cell is written to the convolutional delay line, two switches (S0 and S1) can be opened from the branch n of the convolutional delay line (n is 0 <= n). <N IU-1 The integer (n) is moved to the nearest branch n + 1 of the convolution delay line. In this case, N FEC_TI_MAX N can represent the maximum number of FEC blocks in the temporal interleaving block of an interleaved frame. FEC_TI This can represent the number of FEC blocks corresponding to the data in the time-interleaved block of the interleaved frame, and N IU This can represent temporally interleaved units. In this case, for the convolutional delay line, (N) FEC_TI_MAX-NFEC_TI The virtual units do not have to be read from the twisted block interleaver; instead, they can be new virtual units. That is, new virtual units can be independent of the twisted block interleaver and can be newly generated in the convolutional delay line.

[0903] In this case, the two switches (S0 and S1) can be reset to the first branch (branch 0) of the convolution delay line at the beginning of each subframe.

[0904] In this case, the virtual cells may not be read from the twisted block interleaver and may not be passed to the convolution delay line.

[0905] However, when each row N FEC_TI After each data unit is written from the twisted block interleaver to the convolutional delay line, a set (N) of the convolutional delay line can be processed before switches S0 and S1 move to the next branch of the convolutional delay line. FEC_TI_MAX- N FEC_TIA new virtual cell is input into the convolution delay line.

[0906] In this case, virtual cells can be written to the temporal interleaver output neither from the twisted block interleaver nor from the convolution delay line.

[0907] Figure 42 It is shown Figure 38 A diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the twisted block interweaver.

[0908] Reference Figure 42 The number of cells (N) included in each FEC block is shown. r ) is 8, N FEC_TI_MAX It is 5, N FEC_TI It is 3, and N IU This is an example of 2.

[0909] exist Figure 42 In the example, the virtual cells corresponding to the two columns are stored in the twisted block interleaver, and twisted block interleaver is performed by column-by-column write operations and diagonal-by-diagonal read operations.

[0910] exist Figure 42 In the example, the virtual unit is included in the output memory of the twisted block interleaver.

[0911] Figure 43 It is shown Figure 38 A diagram illustrating an example of the operation of convolution delay lines.

[0912] Reference Figure 43 Because N IU The value is 2, therefore there are two branches in the convolution delay line, and the second branch includes the FIFO register.

[0913] exist Figure 43 In the example, the virtual cells read from the twisted block interleaver are fed to the convolution delay line.

[0914] In particular, Figure 43 Indicates that in N IU The timing sequence for the first subframe when = 2. In this timing sequence, all data corresponding to the second branch are values ​​stored in the FIFO register.

[0915] As mentioned above, the virtual unit may not be included in the transmitted signal.

[0916] Therefore, when the memory is written to and read from left to right, the first subframe (subframe #1) can carry "2, 11, 20, 10, 19, 6, 5, 14, 23, 8, 22, 16", and the second subframe (subframe #2) can carry "7, 1, 15, 0, 9, 18, 17, 4, 13, 3, 12, 21".

[0917] exist Figure 43 In this example, according to this embodiment, I0, I1, ..., I2 are stored in the FIFO register in the previous timing sequence and output from the FIFO register. 19 It will be stored in the lower part of the memory corresponding to the convolution delay line (the fifth line). They can be stored in the eighth row, but they can also be stored in the second, fourth, sixth and eighth rows of the memory corresponding to the convolution delay lines.

[0918] Figure 44 It is shown that... Figure 43 The diagram shows an example of the decoding process corresponding to the operation in the diagram.

[0919] Reference Figure 44 The time deinterleaver corresponding to the decoding process can be recovered from two subframes via the FIFO register. Figure 44 The memory data (including the CDL memory state of the virtual cells). Furthermore, the time deinterleaver can recover the data to be input to the twisted block deinterleaver (the write order to the TBDI memory) from the memory data.

[0920] like Figure 44 As shown, when virtual cells are passed from the twisted block interleaver to the convolutional delay line, the virtual cells are distributed in the receiver. In this case, the receiver should be aware of the virtual cell write process.

[0921] In other words, the receiver's deconvolution delay line requires the location information of the virtual cells, which leads to additional memory and increased decoding complexity.

[0922] Figure 45 It is shown that... Figure 42 The diagram shows an example of the decoding process corresponding to the operation in the diagram.

[0923] Reference Figure 45 In order to properly perform twisted block deinterleaving, the location of the virtual cells should be known. That is, in order to perform correct twisted block deinterleaving in the receiver's time deinterleaving unit, the location of the virtual cells, or at least the number of virtual cells per row, should be known.

[0924] Therefore, since the time deinterleaver should know the location of the virtual cell, through Figure 42 Figure 45 The explained implementation has the problem of increased decoding complexity.

[0925] Figure 46 It is shown Figure 38 A diagram illustrating another example of the operation of the twisted block interweaver.

[0926] Reference Figure 46 ,and Figure 42 The examples shown are different, in Figure 46 As can be seen in the example shown, virtual cells belonging to virtual FEC blocks are skipped during the read processing from the twisted block interleaver.

[0927] In other words, Figure 46 In the example, the twisted block interleaver does not output virtual cells, but only the data cells corresponding to the data.

[0928] Figure 47 It is shown Figure 38 A diagram illustrating another example of the operation of convolution delay lines.

[0929] Reference Figure 47 It can be seen that, Figure 47 In the example, the virtual cells are not written from the twisted block interleaver to the convolution delay line.

[0930] In other words, the convolutional delay line can read only the data units other than the virtual units from the twisted block interleaver and store them, and then generate (and store) new virtual units so that the virtual units are not scattered.

[0931] In this case, it can be seen that when the memory operates in a FIFO (First In First Out) scheme... Figure 47 The data shown is read and written from left to right. However, in Figure 47 In the example, the virtual cell represented by "X" can be written to memory for each row. That is, in Figure 47 In the example, the write order to the memory corresponding to the convolution delay line can be 2, 11, 20, X, X, 19, 6, 15, X, X, 5, 14, 23, X, X, ...

[0932] In this case, when data units are written from the twisted block interleaver to the convolution delay line, it can correspond to the leftmost (N) of the convolution delay line. FEC_TI_MAX- N FEC_TI ) Column storage virtual unit.

[0933] and Figure 43 similar, Figure 47 It is shown in N IU The timing of the first subframe in the case of = 2 is shown, and it can be seen that all the data corresponding to the second branch are the values ​​stored in the FIFO register according to this timing.

[0934] In this case, the virtual unit may not be included in the transmitted signal.

[0935] Therefore, when Figure 7When the memory shown is written to and read from left to right (excluding virtual cells), the first subframe (subframe #1) can carry "2, 11, 20, 19, 6, 15, 5, 14, 23, 13, 22, 16", and the second subframe (subframe #2) can carry "7, 1, 10, 0, 9, 18, 8, 17, 4, 3, 12, 21".

[0936] exist Figure 47 In this example, according to this embodiment, I0, I1, ..., I2 are stored in the FIFO register in the previous timing sequence and output from the FIFO register. 19 It will be stored in the lower part of the memory corresponding to the convolution delay line (the fifth line). They can be stored in the eighth row, but they can also be stored in the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth rows of the memory corresponding to the convolution delay lines.

[0937] exist Figure 43 and Figure 47 In the example, according to this embodiment, for ease of explanation, a memory corresponding to the convolution delay line is shown, and the convolution delay line may not include a separate output memory.

[0938] Figure 48 It is shown that... Figure 47 The diagram shows an example of the decoding process corresponding to the operation in the diagram.

[0939] Reference Figure 48 The time deinterleaver corresponding to the decoding process can be recovered from two subframes via the FIFO register. Figure 48 The memory data (including the CDL memory state of virtual cells) is stored within the memory. Furthermore, the time deinterleaver can recover the data to be input to the twisted block deinterleaver (the write order to the TBDI memory) from the memory data. Figure 44 The situation is different, in Figure 48 In the example shown, during the decoding process of the deconvolution delay line, the position of the virtual unit is known, and the virtual units are not scattered (clustered together).

[0940] therefore, Figure 48 The decoding complexity is lower than Figure 44 The decoding complexity in this case.

[0941] Figure 49 It is shown that... Figure 46 The diagram shows an example of the decoding process corresponding to the operation in the diagram.

[0942] Reference Figure 49 Since virtual units are excluded from performing the inverse processing of column-by-column write and diagonal-by-diagonal read operations in twisted block deinterleaving, it can be seen that deinterleaving can be more efficient than... Figure 45 The situation is simpler.

[0943] Figure 50 This is a diagram showing the initial values ​​of the FIFO register included in the convolution delay line.

[0944] Reference Figure 50 It can be seen that in N IU When = 2, all the data corresponding to the second branch according to the first subframe timing is the value 5010 stored in the FIFO register.

[0945] In this case, the convolution delay line can output only a portion of the initial value stored in the FIFO register.

[0946] In this case, the aforementioned portion of the initial value can be used for purposes other than the time-interleaved unit N. IU Each of the remaining branches in the corresponding branch, excluding the first branch, corresponds to an initialization unit.

[0947] In other words, for each row of the value 5010 stored in the FIFO register, one cell can be output and the rest of the cells will not be output.

[0948] According to an embodiment, the memory corresponding to the Twisted Block Interleaver (TBI) and Convolutional Delay Line (CDL) can operate according to a FIFO scheme, and reads and writes to these memories can be performed from right to left. In this case, with Figure 50 The situation is different. The first row of the twisted block interleaver memory can store 2, 11 and 20 from right to left; the second row can store 7, 1 and 10 from right to left; the third row can store 19, 6 and 15 from right to left; the fourth row can store 0, 9 and 18 from right to left; the fifth row can store 5, 14 and 23 from right to left; the sixth row can store 8, 17 and 4 from right to left; the seventh row can store 13, 22 and 16 from right to left; and the eighth row can store 3, 12 and 21 from right to left.

[0949] in this case, Figure 50 The FIFO register shown can be written to and read from right to left. In this case, the first row of the FIFO register can be initialized from right to left as I0, X, X, X, X, X; the second row can be initialized from right to left as I1, X, X, X, X, X; the third row can be initialized from right to left as I2, X, X, X, X, X; and the fourth row can be initialized from right to left as I3, X, X, X, X, X.

[0950] exist Figure 50 In the example, according to the embodiment, the memory corresponding to the convolution delay line can conceptually represent the output of the convolution delay line, and the convolution delay line may not include a separate output memory.

[0951] According to the timing sequence corresponding to the first subframe, the memory corresponding to the convolutional delay line (CDL memory) can store the following data: data (20, 11, 2) stored in the first row of the memory corresponding to the twisted block interleaver, data (15, 6, 19) stored in the third row of the memory, data (23, 14, 5) stored in the fifth row of the memory, data (16, 22, 13) stored in the seventh row of the memory, and the value initialized to the FIFO register. In this case, the data initialized to the FIFO register can be stored in the memory corresponding to the convolutional delay line. That is, according to the timing sequence corresponding to the first subframe, the first row of the memory corresponding to the convolutional delay line can store 2, 11, 20, X, X (two new virtual units) from right to left. The third row of the memory corresponding to the convolutional delay line can store 19, 6, 15, X, X (two new virtual units) from right to left. The fifth row of the memory corresponding to the convolutional delay line can store 5, 14, 23, X, X (two new virtual units) from right to left. The seventh row of the memory corresponding to the convolution delay line can store 13, 22, 16, X, X from right to left.

[0952] In this scenario, the second row of memory corresponding to the convolution delay line can store one initialization unit (I0) on the rightmost side, followed by four virtual units. Similarly, the fourth row of memory corresponding to the convolution delay line can store one initialization unit (I1) on the rightmost side, followed by four virtual units. The sixth row of memory corresponding to the convolution delay line can store one initialization unit (I2) on the rightmost side, followed by four virtual units. Finally, the eighth row of memory corresponding to the convolution delay line can store one initialization unit (I3) on the rightmost side, followed by four virtual units.

[0953] In other words, according to the timing sequence corresponding to the first subframe, the first row of the memory corresponding to the convolution delay line can store 2, 11, 20, X, X from right to left; the second row can store I0, X, X, X, X, X from right to left; the third row can store 19, 6, 15, X, X from right to left; the fourth row can store I1, X, X, X, X from right to left; the fifth row can store 5, 14, 23, X, X from right to left; the sixth row can store I2, X, X, X, X from right to left; the seventh row can store 13, 22, 16, X, X from right to left; and the eighth row can store I3, X, X, X, X from right to left. In this case, X can represent a virtual cell. Figure 50The first row of the FIFO register shown can store 7, 1, 10, X, X from right to left; the second row can store 0, 9, 18, X, X from right to left; the third row can store 8, 17, 4, X, X from right to left; and the fourth row can store 3, 12, 21, X, X from right to left.

[0954] In this case, the virtual cells stored in the memory corresponding to the convolutional delay line can be omitted from the temporal interleaver output. That is, the first subframe can carry "2, 11, 20, I0, 19, 6, 15, I1, 5, 14, 23, I2, 13, 22, 16, I3", and the second subframe can carry "..., 7, 1, 10, ..., 0, 9, 18, ..., 8, 17, 4, ..., 3, 12, 21". In this case, "I0, I1, I2, I3" can correspond to a portion of the initial values. In this case, "..." can correspond to the next temporal interleaver block output from the twisted block interleaver.

[0955] Figure 51 It is shown Figure 8 or Figure 12 A block diagram of an example of a time deinterleaver.

[0956] Reference Figure 51 The time deinterleaver includes: a deconvolution delay line 5110, a twisted block deinterleaver 5120, and a unit deinterleaver 5130.

[0957] Deconvolution delay line 5110 execution Figure 38 The inverse processing of the convolution delay line is shown.

[0958] In this case, the deconvolution delay line 5110 can predict the position of the newly generated virtual cell in the convolution delay line on the transmitter side, and can perform inverse processing based on the predicted virtual cell position.

[0959] Twisted Block Uninterrupter 5120 Executable Figure 38 The reverse processing of the twisted block interweaver shown.

[0960] In this case, the twisted block deinterleaver 5120 can generate new virtual cells and store the new virtual cells after restoring the data cells.

[0961] In this case, the twisted block deinterleaver 5120 can predict the location of newly generated virtual cells in the convolution delay line on the transmitter side and can perform inverse processing based on the predicted virtual cell location.

[0962] In this case, in addition to the virtual cell, the twisted block deinterleaver 5120 can perform the inverse processing of the column-by-column write operation and the diagonal-by-diagonal read operation of the twisted block deinterleaver.

[0963] Unit deinterleaver 5130 execution Figure 38 The reverse processing of the unit interleaver shown.

[0964] Figure 52 This is an operational flowchart illustrating a time interleaving method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0965] Reference Figure 52 According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S5210, cell interleaving corresponding to cells in the time interleaving block is performed.

[0966] According to the embodiment, step S5210 can be omitted.

[0967] Furthermore, in the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S5220, twisted block interleaving corresponding to intra-frame interleaving is performed.

[0968] In this case, step S5220 can perform twisted block interleaving by using column-by-column write operations and diagonal-by-diagonal read operations.

[0969] Furthermore, in the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S5230, inter-frame interleaving is performed by using the output of twisted block interleaving.

[0970] In this case, step S5230 can be performed by using a convolutional delay line.

[0971] In this case, the convolution delay line can read only the data units other than the virtual units corresponding to the twist blocks.

[0972] In this scenario, after each row of data cells is written from the output of the twisted block interleaving, the convolution delay line can generate (store) new virtual cells before the switch moves to the next branch.

[0973] In this case, the new virtual unit can be associated with the maximum number (N) of FEC blocks corresponding to the time-interleaved blocks of the interleaved frame for each branch. FEC_TI_MAX Subtract the number of FEC blocks in the time-interleaved block of the interleaved frame (N) FEC_TI The quantity obtained corresponds to the quantity obtained.

[0974] In this case, it is not necessary to output new virtual units from inter-frame interleaving.

[0975] In this case, the convolutional delay line may include a time-interleaved unit (N IU The corresponding branch, and each of the remaining branches other than the first branch may include at least one FIFO register.

[0976] In this case, the convolution delay line can output only a portion of the initial value stored in the FIFO register.

[0977] In this case, the portion of the initial value may correspond to an initialization unit for each of the remaining branches.

[0978] The time deinterleaving method according to embodiments of the present invention can be used in accordance with... Figure 52 The method is provided.

[0979] For example, the temporal deinterleaving method according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps: performing inter-frame deinterleaving corresponding to the inverse processing of step S5230, and performing twisted block deinterleaving corresponding to the inverse processing of step S5220. In this case, the temporal deinterleaving method according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include: performing unit deinterleaving corresponding to the inverse processing of step S5210.

[0980] The size and start position information of the physical layer channels can be generated (calculated) based on the time interleaving. In this case, the size and start position information can be considered in the current subframe.

[0981] When applying layer multiplexing, core layer units and enhancement layer units are combined (hyperposition) before time interleaving. In this case, the relative positions of enhancement layer physical layer channels with respect to core layer physical layer channels can be calculated before time interleaving to facilitate decoding of enhancement layer physical layer channels. The removal of core layer data units from the layer multiplexed data units in the decoder can be performed after time deinterleaving.

[0982] Both temporal interleaving and subframe mapping (cell multiplexing) can be applied only to the core layer physical layer channels combined with the enhancement layer physical layer channels.

[0983] On the receiver (demodulator) side, size information (L1D_plp_size) and start position information (L1D_plp_start) can be used to select the desired core layer physical layer channel. In other words, the size and start position information can be used to find the data units of the desired core layer physical layer channel as input to the time deinterleaver.

[0984] When using inter-frame interleaving such as convolutional delay lines, the size information of the core layer physical layer channels (L1D_plp_size) can have different values ​​depending on whether it is calculated before or after temporal interleaving.

[0985] In this case, it is expected that the location of the core physical layer channel will be calculated after time interleaving.

[0986] Figure 53 This is a diagram illustrating the physical layer channels for layer multiplexing prior to time interleaving.

[0987] Reference Figure 53 One core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0) and two enhancement layer physical layer channels (PLP#1, PLP#2) are layered multiplexed.

[0988] exist Figure 53 In this case, the starting position and size of the enhancement layer physical layer channels (PLP#1, PLP#2) can be clearly identified.

[0989] Figure 54 This is a diagram illustrating the physical layer channels for layered multiplexing after time interleaving.

[0990] Reference Figure 54 The starting positions of the enhancement layer physical layer channels (PLP#1, PLP#2) are altered by applying temporal interleaving (hybrid temporal interleaving using only the twisted block interleaver). Figure 54 In the example, after time interleaving, the size information of the physical layer channel and the start position information of the core physical layer channel (PLP#0) do not need to be changed.

[0991] When using hybrid time interleaving corresponding to convolutional delay lines with variable bit rate (VBR), the start position information and size information of the enhanced physical layer channels can be changed after time interleaving.

[0992] For example, when two physical layer channels (PLP#A, PLP#B) are time-division multiplexed (TDMed) and time interleaving is performed using convolutional delay lines with VBR, the size information can be changed before / after time interleaving as follows:

[0993] - PLP #A:N FEC_TI_MAX = 5, N r = 8, N IU = 2 -> (time = 0; N) FEC_TI = 3), (time = 1; N FEC_TI = 1)

[0994] - PLP #B: N FEC_TI_MAX = 4, N r = 10, N IU = 2 -> (time = 0; N) FEC_TI = 4), (time = 1; N FEC_TI = 2)

[0995] - Time = 0

[0996] - Before TI: plp_size(A) = 3 × 8 = 24, plp_size(B) = 4 × 10 = 40

[0997] - After TI: plp_size(A) = 3 × 4 + 1 × 4 = 16, plp_size(B) = 4 × 5+ 1 × 5 = 25

[0998] - Time = 1

[0999] - Before TI: plp_size(A) = 1 × 8 = 8, plp_size(B) = 2 × 10 = 20

[1000] - After TI: plp_size(A) = 1 × 4 + 3× 4 = 16, plp_size(B) = 2 × 5 +4 × 5 = 30

[1001] In other words, in the first timing sequence (time = 0), because the number of FEC blocks in the physical layer channel (PLP #A) is 3 and the number of units included in each FEC block is 8, the size information of the physical layer channel (PLP #A) before time interleaving is 3 × 8 = 24. In the first timing sequence (time = 0), because the number of FEC blocks in the physical layer channel (PLP #B) is 4 and the number of units included in each FEC block is 10, the size information of the physical layer channel (PLP #B) before time interleaving is 4 × 10 = 40.

[1002] In the second timing sequence (time = 1), since the number of FEC blocks in the physical layer channel (PLP #A) is 1 and the number of units included in each FEC block is 8, the size information of the physical layer channel (PLP #A) before time interleaving is 1 × 8 = 8. In the second timing sequence (time = 1), since the number of FEC blocks in the physical layer channel (PLP #B) is 2 and the number of units included in each FEC block is 10, the size information of the physical layer channel (PLP #B) before time interleaving is 2 × 10 = 20.

[1003] In the example explained above, N FEC_TI_MAX N r N IU and N FEC_TI As mentioned earlier. In the example explained above, because N IU The answer is 2, so after time interleaving, an FEC block is divided into two subframes for transmission.

[1004] That is, in the first time sequence (time = 0), since the number of FEC blocks in the physical layer channel (PLP #A) is 3, the number of units in each FEC block is 8, and the time interleaving unit is 2, if we assume that the initial value corresponding to one FEC block is stored in the convolution delay line, then the size information of the physical layer channel (PLP #A) after time interleaving is (3 × (8 / 2)) + (1 × (8 / 2)) = 16. In the first time sequence (time = 0), since the number of FEC blocks in the physical layer channel (PLP #B) is 4, the number of units in each FEC block is 10, and the time interleaving unit is 2, if we assume that the initial value corresponding to one FEC block is stored in the convolution delay line, then the size information of the physical layer channel (PLP #B) after time interleaving is (4 × (10 / 2)) + (1 × (10 / 2)) = 25. In this case, the start position information of the physical layer channel (PLP #A) can be 0, and because TMD is applied, the start position information of the physical layer channel (PLP #B) can be 16, where 16 is the size information of the physical layer channel (PLP #A).

[1005] In the second timing sequence (time = 1), since the number of FEC blocks in the physical layer channel (PLP #A) is 1, the number of units in each FEC block is 8, and the time interleaving unit is 2, considering that only half of the units in the FEC block corresponding to the first timing sequence have been transmitted through the previous subframe, the size information of the physical layer channel (PLP #A) after time interleaving is (1 × (8 / 2)) + (3 × (8 / 2)) = 16. In the second timing sequence (time = 1), since the number of FEC blocks in the physical layer channel (PLP #B) is 2, the number of units in each FEC block is 10, and the time interleaving unit is 2, considering that only half of the units in the FEC block corresponding to the first timing sequence have been transmitted through the previous subframe, the size information of the physical layer channel (PLP #B) after time interleaving is (2 × (10 / 2)) + (4 × (10 / 2)) = 30.

[1006] In this case, the number of data units mapped to the current subframe is the size information (plp_size) after time interleaving.

[1007] Therefore, when performing inter-frame interleaving with a variable bit rate as shown in the example above, both the start position information and the size information of the enhancement layer physical layer channel can be changed.

[1008] In the example above, in the first timing (time = 0), because the size of the physical layer channel (PLP #A) is 16, the subframe includes 16 active units of the physical layer channel (PLP #A), and because the size of the physical layer channel (PLP #B) is 25, the subframe includes 25 active units of the physical layer channel (PLP #B).

[1009] If signaling is performed before time interleaving (L1D_plp_size(A) = 24, L1D_plp_start(A) = 0), the receiver will input 16 data units of the physical layer channel (PLP #A) and 8 data units of the physical layer channel (PLP #B) into the time deinterleaver used to decode the physical layer channel (PLP #A), and decoding will fail. That is, signaling must be performed after time interleaving (L1D_plp_size(A) = 16, L1D_plp_start(A) = 0) so that the decoder inputs 16 data units of the physical layer channel (PLP #A) into the time deinterleaver used to decode the physical layer channel (PLP #A) and successfully performs decoding.

[1010] If signaling is performed before time interleaving (L1D_plp_size(B) = 40, L1D_plp_start(B) = 24), the receiver will only input 16 data units (24 ~ 40) of the physical layer channel (PLP #B) to the time deinterleaver used to decode the physical layer channel (PLP #B), and decoding will fail. That is, signaling must be performed after time interleaving (L1D_plp_size(B) = 25, L1D_plp_start(B) = 16) so that the decoder inputs 25 data units of the physical layer channel (PLP #B) to the time deinterleaver used to decode the physical layer channel (PLP #B), and decoding will be successfully performed.

[1011] Therefore, signaling fields (L1D_plp_size, L1D_plp_start) for the core physical layer channel must be sent using signals after time interleaving.

[1012] Figure 55 This is a diagram showing a subframe that includes physical layer channels for layer multiplexing.

[1013] Reference Figure 55 The subframe consists of one core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0) and two enhancement layer physical layer channels (PLP#1, PLP#2).

[1014] Because time interleaving is applied based on the core layer, the enhancement layer physical layer channels (PLP#1, PLP#2) can be mixed with each other in subframes.

[1015] The receiver first extracts subframes from the received signal and accesses the core layer data units within the extracted subframes. On the other hand, because layer multiplexing in the transmitter is performed before time interleaving, access to the enhancement layer physical layer channels can be performed after time deinterleaving, thus reducing receiver complexity.

[1016] Therefore, when layer multiplexing is applied, since access to the core layer physical layer channels is performed from the subframe, the size and start position of the physical layer channels are preferably calculated based on time interleaving. Since access to the enhancement layer physical layer channels is performed after time deinterleaving, the size and start position of the physical layer channels are preferably calculated based on time interleaving.

[1017] Figure 56 It shows the execution and Figures 53 to 55 The diagram shows the first timing sequence of the convolutional delay lines corresponding to the physical layer channels.

[1018] exist Figure 56 In the example, the physical layer channel (PLP#0) is the core layer physical layer channel and corresponds to N. r = 16, N FEC_TI_MAX = 3 and N IU = 3. The physical layer channels (PLP#1, PLP#2) are enhancement layer physical layer channels, each corresponding to N. r = 8 (PLP#1) or N r = 4 (PLP#2) case.

[1019] In the first timing sequence (time = 0), when the number of FEC blocks in the physical layer channel (PLP#0) is 3 (N FEC_TI When = 3), the number of units corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0) can be 3 (N FEC_TI ) × 16 (N r = 48, and the number of units corresponding to the enhancement layer physical layer channels (PLP#1, PLP#2) corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0) can be 4 (N) respectively. FEC_TI )×8(N r = 32 and 4 (N) FEC_TI )×4(N r = 16.

[1020] Therefore, the output of the LDM combination is as follows Figure 56 As shown on the left.

[1021] Because the time interleaving unit is 3 (N) IU = 3), therefore the output (5605) of the LDM combination of the three PLPs (PLP#0, PLP#1, PLP#2) can be divided into three segments. The first segment (5610) can correspond to the first branch and can become the CDL output sent in the subframe corresponding to the first timing. The second segment (5620) can correspond to the second branch and can be stored in a FIFO register. The third segment (5630) can correspond to the third branch and can be stored in the first FIFO register of the two FIFO registers.

[1022] In this case, as described above, the initial value corresponding to an FEC block can be stored in the FIFO register of the convolution delay line, and each of the FIFO registers can be initialized using the number corresponding to the 5 core layer units in the initial value.

[1023] Together with the first segment (5610) of the LDM combined output, the initial value (5650) initialized in the FIFO register corresponding to the second branch of the convolution delay line and the initial value (5660) initialized in the second FIFO register corresponding to the third branch become the output of the CDL transmitted in the subframe according to the first timing.

[1024] In this case, the second FIFO register of the two FIFO registers corresponding to the third branch of the convolution delay line can store the initial value (5670), wherein the initial value (5670) was previously initialized in the first FIFO register of the two FIFO registers.

[1025] Therefore, if in the first timing sequence (time = 0), based on the signal transmission of the size information (L1D_plp_size) and start position information (L1D_plp_start) for the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0) after time interleaving, then L1D_plp_size is 18 + 5 + 5 = 28 and L1D_plp_start is 0. Furthermore, if in the first timing sequence (time = 0), based on the signal transmission of the size information (L1D_plp_size) and start position information (L1D_plp_start) for the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#1) before time interleaving, then because the signaling information is generated corresponding to the output of the LDM combination before CDL application, L1D_plp_size is 32 and L1D_plp_start is 0. Furthermore, if in the first timing (time = 0), based on the signal transmission of size information (L1D_plp_size) and start position information (L1D_plp_start) for the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#2) before time interleaving, then since the signaling information is generated corresponding to the output of the LDM combination before the application of CDL, L1D_plp_size is 16 and L1D_plp_start is 32, where 32 is the size information of the physical layer channel (PLP#1).

[1026] Figure 57 It shows the execution and Figures 53 to 55 The diagram shows the second timing sequence of the convolutional delay lines corresponding to the physical layer channels.

[1027] exist Figure 57 In the example, the physical layer channel (PLP#0) is the core layer physical layer channel and corresponds to N. r = 16, N FEC_TI_MAX = 3 and N IU = 3. The physical layer channels (PLP#1, PLP#2) are enhancement layer physical layer channels, each corresponding to N. r = 8 (PLP#1) or N r = 4 (PLP#2) case.

[1028] In the second timing (time=1), when the number of FEC blocks in the physical layer channel (PLP#0) is 2 (N) FEC_TI When = 2), the number of units corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0) can be 2 (N FEC_TI ) × 16 (N r= 32, and the number of units corresponding to the enhancement layer physical layer channels (PLP#1, PLP#2) corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0) can be 24 and 8 respectively.

[1029] Therefore, the output of the LDM combination is as follows Figure 57 As shown on the left.

[1030] Because the time interleaving unit is 3 (N) IU = 3), therefore the output (5705) of the LDM combination of the three PLPs (PLP#0, PLP#1, PLP#2) can be divided into three segments. The first segment (5710) can correspond to the first branch and can become the CDL output sent in the subframe corresponding to the second timing. The second segment (5720) can correspond to the second branch and can be stored in a FIFO register. The third segment (5730) can correspond to the third branch and can be stored in the first FIFO register of the two FIFO registers.

[1031] Together with the first segment (5710) of the LDM combination in the second timing, the second segment (5620) of the first timing stored in the FIFO register corresponding to the second branch of the convolution delay line in the previous timing, and the initial value (the number of initial values ​​corresponding to the five core layer units) (5670) of the second FIFO register stored in the FIFO register corresponding to the third branch in the previous timing, become the output of the CDL transmitted in the subframe.

[1032] In this case, the second FIFO register of the two FIFO registers corresponding to the third branch of the convolution delay line can store the third segment (5630) of the first timing, wherein the third segment (5630) was previously stored in the first FIFO register of the two FIFO registers.

[1033] Therefore, if in the second timing sequence (time = 1), based on the signal transmission of the size information (L1D_plp_size) and start position information (L1D_plp_start) for the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0) after time interleaving, then L1D_plp_size is 12 + 15 + 5 = 32 and L1D_plp_start is 0. Furthermore, if in the second timing sequence (time = 1), based on the signal transmission of the size information (L1D_plp_size) and start position information (L1D_plp_start) for the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#1) before time interleaving, then because the signaling information is generated corresponding to the output of the LDM combination before CDL application, L1D_plp_size is 24 and L1D_plp_start is 0. Furthermore, if in the second timing (time = 1), based on the signal transmission of size information (L1D_plp_size) and start position information (L1D_plp_start) for the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#2) before time interleaving, then since the signaling information is generated corresponding to the output of the LDM combination before the application of CDL, L1D_plp_size is 8 and L1D_plp_start is 24, where 24 is the size information of the physical layer channel (PLP#1).

[1034] Figure 58 It shows the execution and Figures 53 to 55 The diagram shows the third timing sequence of the convolutional delay lines corresponding to the physical layer channels.

[1035] exist Figure 58 In the example, the physical layer channel (PLP#0) is the core layer physical layer channel and corresponds to N. r = 16, N FEC_TI_MAX = 3 and N IU = 3. The physical layer channels (PLP#1, PLP#2) are enhancement layer physical layer channels, each corresponding to N. r = 8 (PLP#1) or N r = 4 (PLP#2) case.

[1036] In the third timing sequence (time=2), when the number of FEC blocks in the physical layer channel (PLP#0) is 1 (N FEC_TI When =1), the number of units corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0) can be 1 (N). FEC_TI ) × 16 (N r= 16, and the number of units corresponding to the enhancement layer physical layer channels (PLP#1, PLP#2) corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0) can be 8 and 8 respectively.

[1037] Therefore, the output of the LDM combination is as follows Figure 58 As shown on the left.

[1038] Because the time interleaving unit is 3 (N) IU = 3), therefore the output (5805) of the LDM combination of the three PLPs (PLP#0, PLP#1, PLP#2) can be divided into three segments. The first segment (5810) can correspond to the first branch and can be transformed into a CDL output sent in the subframe corresponding to the third timing. The second segment (5820) can correspond to the second branch and can be stored in a FIFO register. The third segment (5830) can correspond to the third branch and can be stored in the first FIFO register of the two FIFO registers.

[1039] Together with the first segment (5810) of the LDM combination output in the third timing, the second segment (5720) of the second timing stored in the FIFO register corresponding to the second branch of the convolution delay line in the previous timing, and the third segment (5630) of the first timing stored in the second FIFO register corresponding to the third branch in the previous timing, can become the output of the CDL transmitted in the subframe.

[1040] In this case, the second FIFO register in the two FIFO registers corresponding to the third branch of the convolution delay line can store the third segment (5730) of the second timing, wherein the third segment (5730) was previously stored in the first FIFO register in the two FIFO registers.

[1041] Therefore, if in the third timing sequence (time = 2), based on the signal transmission of the size information (L1D_plp_size) and start position information (L1D_plp_start) for the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0) after time interleaving, then L1D_plp_size is 6 + 10 + 15 = 31 and L1D_plp_start is 0. Furthermore, if in the third timing sequence (time = 2), based on the signal transmission of the size information (L1D_plp_size) and start position information (L1D_plp_start) for the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#1) before time interleaving, then because the signaling information is generated corresponding to the output of the LDM combination before CDL application, L1D_plp_size is 8 and L1D_plp_start is 0. Furthermore, if in the third timing sequence (time = 2), based on the signal transmission of size information (L1D_plp_size) and start position information (L1D_plp_start) for the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#2) before time interleaving, then because the signaling information is generated corresponding to the output of the LDM combination before the application of CDL, L1D_plp_size is 8 and L1D_plp_start is 8, where 8 is the size information of the physical layer channel (PLP#1).

[1042] Figure 59 It shows the execution and Figures 53 to 55 The diagram shows the first timing sequence of the deconvolution delay lines corresponding to the time deinterleaving of the physical layer channels.

[1043] exist Figure 59 In the example, signals such as N are sent to the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0). FEC_TI = [31 1] information, the receiver can identify that the number of FEC blocks corresponding to the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0) in the first timing (time = 0) is 3 (the number of FEC blocks initialized in the previous timing is 1, and the number of FEC blocks initialized in the previous timing is 1).

[1044] Figure 56 The output of the convolution delay line shown can be received as Figure 59 The input to the deconvolution delay line is shown on the left side.

[1045] The received data is divided into three segments. The first segment (5910) is stored in the first FIFO register of the two FIFO registers corresponding to the first branch of the deconvolution delay line. The second segment (5920; initial value) is stored in the FIFO register corresponding to the second branch of the deconvolution delay line. The third segment (5930; initial value) corresponds to the third branch of the deconvolution delay line and is output as the time deinterleaving output.

[1046] In this case, because L1D_plp_size = 28 and L1D_plp_start = 0 were signaled after time interleaving for the core physical layer channel (PLP#0), 28 units can be extracted from the received data to be used as input to the deconvolution delay line. In this case, according to N... FEC_TI = [3 1 1], among the 28 units, the data units corresponding to three FEC blocks are written to the first branch, the data units corresponding to one FEC block are written to the second branch, and the data units corresponding to one FEC block are written to the third branch.

[1047] In this case, each FIFO register in the deconvolution delay line can be initialized with an initial value, the number of which corresponds to the five core layer units. Alternatively, six initial values ​​can be used to initialize the FIFO register corresponding to the first branch, and five initial values ​​(N) can be used. r = 16) to initialize the FIFO registers corresponding to the other branches.

[1048] Together with the third segment of the received data, the initial values ​​(5950) and (5960) become the output of the time deinterleaving in the first timing sequence, wherein the initial value (5950) was initialized in the second FIFO register of the two FIFO registers corresponding to the first branch of the deconvolution delay line in the previous timing sequence, and the initial value (5960) was initialized in the FIFO register corresponding to the second branch in the previous timing sequence.

[1049] In this case, the second FIFO register of the two FIFO registers corresponding to the first branch of the deconvolution delay line can store the initial value (5970), wherein the initial value (5970) was previously initialized in the first FIFO register of the two FIFO registers.

[1050] Therefore, the data of the physical layer channel (PLP#0) is not output as the output of the time deinterleaver in the first time sequence.

[1051] Figure 60 It shows the execution and Figures 53 to 55The diagram shows the second timing of the deconvolution delay lines corresponding to the time deinterleaving of the physical layer channels.

[1052] exist Figure 60 In the example, signals such as N are sent to the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0). FEC_TI = [23 1] The receiver can identify that the number of FEC blocks corresponding to the core physical layer channel (PLP#0) in the second timing (time=1) is 2 (the number of FEC blocks corresponding to the core physical layer channel in the previous timing is 3, and the number of FEC blocks initialized in the previous timing is 1).

[1053] Figure 57 The output of the convolution delay line shown can be received as Figure 60 The input to the deconvolution delay line is shown on the left side.

[1054] The received data is divided into three segments. The first segment (6010) is stored in the first FIFO register of the two FIFO registers corresponding to the first branch of the deconvolution delay line. The second segment (6020) is stored in the FIFO register corresponding to the second branch of the deconvolution delay line. The third segment (6030; initial value) corresponds to the third branch of the deconvolution delay line and is output as the output of the time deinterleaver.

[1055] In this case, because L1D_plp_size = 32 and L1D_plp_start = 0 were signaled after time interleaving for the core physical layer channel (PLP#0), 32 units can be extracted from the received data to be used as input to the deconvolution delay line. In this case, according to N... FEC_TI = [2 3 1], among the 32 units, the data units corresponding to two FEC blocks are written to the first branch, the data units corresponding to three FEC blocks are written to the second branch, and the data units corresponding to one FEC block are written to the third branch.

[1056] In this case, the second FIFO register in the two FIFO registers corresponding to the first branch can store the first segment (5910) of the data received in the first timing, wherein the first segment (5910) of the data is stored in the first FIFO register in the first timing.

[1057] Together with the third segment (6030) of the received data, the initial values ​​(5970) and (5920) become the output of the time deinterleaving in the second timing sequence, wherein the initial value (5970) is stored in the second FIFO register of the two FIFO registers corresponding to the first branch of the deconvolution delay line in the first timing sequence, and the initial value (5920) is initialized in the FIFO register corresponding to the second branch.

[1058] Therefore, the data from the physical layer channel (PLP#0) is not output as the output of the time deinterleaver in the second timing sequence.

[1059] Figure 61 It shows the execution and Figures 53 to 55 The diagram shows the third timing sequence of the deconvolution delay line corresponding to the time deinterleaving of the physical layer channel.

[1060] exist Figure 61 In the example, signals such as N are sent to the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0). FEC_TI = [12 3] The receiver can identify that the number of FEC blocks corresponding to the core physical layer channel (PLP#0) in the third timing (time=2) is 1 (the number of FEC blocks corresponding to the core physical layer channel in the previous timing is 2, and the number of FEC blocks corresponding to the core physical layer channel in the previous timing is 3).

[1061] Figure 58 The output of the convolution delay line shown can be received as Figure 61 The input to the deconvolution delay line is shown on the left side.

[1062] The received data is divided into three segments. The first segment (6110) is stored in the first FIFO register of the two FIFO registers corresponding to the first branch of the deconvolution delay line. The second segment (6120) is stored in the FIFO register corresponding to the second branch of the deconvolution delay line. The third segment (6130) corresponds to the third branch of the deconvolution delay line and is output as the time deinterleaving output.

[1063] In this case, because L1D_plp_size = 31 and L1D_plp_start = 0 were signaled after time interleaving for the core physical layer channel (PLP#0), 31 units can be extracted from the received data to be used as input to the deconvolution delay line. In this case, according to N... FEC_TI= [1 2 3], among the 31 units, the data unit corresponding to one FEC block is written to the first branch, the data unit corresponding to two FEC blocks is written to the second branch, and the data unit corresponding to three FEC blocks is written to the third branch.

[1064] In this case, the second FIFO register in the two FIFO registers corresponding to the first branch can store the first segment (6010) of the data received in the second timing, wherein the first segment (6010) of the data is stored in the first FIFO register in the second timing.

[1065] Together with the third segment (6130) of the data received in the third time sequence, the first segment (5910) of the data received in the first time sequence and the second segment (6020) of the data received in the second time sequence become the output of the time deinterleaving in the third time sequence, wherein the first segment (5910) is stored in the second FIFO register of the two FIFO registers corresponding to the first branch of the deconvolution delay line in the second time sequence, and the second segment (6020) is stored in the FIFO register corresponding to the second branch.

[1066] Therefore, the 48 cells of the core layer physical layer channel (PLP#0), the 32 cells of the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#1), and the 16 cells of the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#2) are output as the output of the time deinterleaver in the third timing sequence.

[1067] In other words, the third timing output includes a complete time-interleaved block consisting of three FEC blocks. It can be seen that since an FEC block consists of 16 data units, the core physical layer channel in this timing output has 48 (16×3) data units.

[1068] In this case, since L1D_plp_size = 32 and L1D_plp_start = 0 were signaled for the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#1) after time interleaving, the cells associated with the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#1) can be effectively identified from the output of time deinterleaving.

[1069] In this case, since L1D_plp_size = 16 and L1D_plp_start = 32 were signaled for the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#2) after time interleaving, the cells associated with the enhancement layer physical layer channel (PLP#2) can be effectively identified from the output of time deinterleaving.

[1070] As described above, the apparatus and method for generating broadcast signal frames according to the present invention are not limited to the configurations and methods of the above embodiments, but some or all of the embodiments can be selectively combined to modify the embodiments in various ways.

Claims

1. A broadcast signal receiving apparatus comprising: a time deinterleaver configured to perform time deinterleaving on a received signal corresponding to a broadcast signal frame, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for signaling start position information and size information for each of physical layer pipes (PLPs); a core layer BICM decoder configured to recover core layer data corresponding to the broadcast signal frame; an enhancement layer symbol extractor configured to extract enhancement layer symbols by performing cancellation corresponding to the core layer data; and an enhancement layer BICM decoder configured to recover enhancement layer data corresponding to the enhancement layer symbols, wherein the physical layer pipes include core layer physical layer pipes corresponding to core layer signals and enhancement layer physical layer pipes corresponding to enhancement layer signals, wherein the start position information and the size information of the core layer physical layer pipes are defined within a current subframe, wherein the start position information and the size information of the enhancement layer physical layer pipes are defined before time interleaving.

2. The broadcast signal receiving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The start position information and the size information for the enhancement layer physical layer pipes are generated using a different generation scheme than that for the core layer physical layer pipes.

3. The broadcast signal receiving apparatus of Claim 2, wherein The start position information and the size information for the core layer physical layer pipes are generated based on a first reference timing, and the start position information and the size information for the enhancement layer physical layer pipes are generated based on a second reference timing, wherein the second reference timing is different from the first reference timing.

4. The broadcast signal receiving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The start position information and the size information of the core layer physical layer pipes are defined after time interleaving. 5.A broadcast signal receiving method comprising: performing time deinterleaving on a received signal corresponding to a broadcast signal frame, wherein the broadcast signal frame includes a preamble for signaling start position information and size information for each of physical layer pipes (PLPs); recovering, by a core layer BICM decoder, core layer data corresponding to the broadcast signal frame; extracting enhancement layer symbols by performing cancellation corresponding to the core layer data using an output from the core layer BICM decoder; and recovering, by an enhancement layer BICM decoder, enhancement layer data corresponding to the enhancement layer symbols, wherein the physical layer pipes include core layer physical layer pipes corresponding to core layer signals and enhancement layer physical layer pipes corresponding to enhancement layer signals, wherein the start position information and the size information of the core layer physical layer pipes are defined within a current subframe, wherein the start position information and the size information of the enhancement layer physical layer pipes are defined before time interleaving.

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