Display substrate, manufacturing method thereof, and display device

Abstract

A display substrate, a method for manufacturing the same, and a display device. The display substrate comprises a base, the base comprising a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area. The display substrate comprises a water-absorbing structural layer disposed in the peripheral area, the water-absorbing structural layer comprising a plurality of water-absorbing units spaced apart from the display area toward the display area. The display substrate further comprises a water-blocking structural layer covering the water-absorbing structural layer. In the solution provided in this embodiment, starting from the outermost portion away from the display area, water vapor entering the display substrate is absorbed by the water-absorbing units and then blocked by the water-blocking structural layer. Further water vapor entering the display substrate is absorbed by the next water-absorbing unit and then blocked by the water-blocking structural layer. The barrier effect of the multiple water-absorbing units and the water-blocking structural layer effectively isolates water vapor, improving the packaging effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to, but are not limited to, display technology, and in particular to a display substrate and a method for preparing the same, and a display device. Background Art

[0002] Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are active light-emitting display devices with advantages such as self-luminescence, wide viewing angles, high contrast, low power consumption, fast response times, vivid colors, and thinness and flexibility. With the continuous development of display technology, OLED technology is increasingly being used in various display devices, becoming the mainstream in the current market.

[0003] In the display industry, packaging issues have long been a major concern. OLED display technology uses organic light-emitting materials, which react easily with water and oxygen. Even small amounts of water vapor and oxygen can damage these materials, degrading the OLED panel's luminescence performance. Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) products are highly sensitive to moisture, placing very high demands on packaging. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0005] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device, which improve the packaging effect.

[0006] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display substrate, which includes a base, the base including a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area, the display substrate including a water absorption structure layer arranged in the peripheral area, the water absorption structure layer including a plurality of water absorption units spaced apart in a direction away from the display area to close to the display area, and the display substrate also including a water-blocking structure layer covering the water absorption structure layer.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment, the peripheral area includes a gate driving circuit area provided with signal lines and a gate driving circuit, and the water absorption structure layer includes a plurality of first water absorption units provided between the gate driving circuit area and the display area.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment, among the plurality of first water absorbing units, a distance between orthographic projections of at least two adjacent first water absorbing units on the substrate is 2 to 3 times a distance between orthographic projections of the remaining adjacent first water absorbing units on the substrate.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the water absorption structure layer further includes a second water absorption unit disposed outside the gate driving circuit area and away from the display area.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, the water absorption structure layer further includes a third water absorption unit disposed on a side of the gate driving circuit away from the substrate, and an orthographic projection of the third water absorption unit on the substrate overlaps with an orthographic projection of the gate driving circuit on the substrate.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the display substrate further includes a pixel definition layer disposed in the display area and defining a pixel opening region; and the water absorption unit is disposed in the same layer as the pixel definition layer.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the water-blocking structure layer includes an encapsulation layer, and the orthographic projections of the display area and the first water absorption unit on the substrate are located within the orthographic projection of the encapsulation layer on the substrate.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, the water-blocking structural layer includes a sealant layer, and the orthographic projection of the second water absorption unit on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the sealant layer on the substrate.

[0014] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display device, which includes the display substrate described in any of the above embodiments.

[0015] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a display substrate, wherein the display substrate includes a base, the base including a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area, and the preparation method includes:

[0016] forming a water absorption structure layer in the peripheral area of ​​the substrate, wherein the water absorption structure layer comprises a plurality of water absorption units spaced apart from each other in a direction from away from the display area to close to the display area;

[0017] A water-blocking structural layer covering the water-absorbing structural layer is formed on a side of the water-absorbing structural layer away from the substrate.

[0018] The disclosed embodiments include a display substrate, a method for manufacturing the same, and a display device. The display substrate comprises a base, the base comprising a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area. The display substrate comprises a water-absorbing structural layer disposed in the peripheral area, the water-absorbing structural layer comprising a plurality of water-absorbing units spaced apart from the display area toward the display area. The display substrate further comprises a water-blocking structural layer covering the water-absorbing structural layer. In the solution provided by this embodiment, starting from the outermost portion away from the display area, water vapor entering the display substrate is absorbed by the water-absorbing units and then blocked by the water-blocking structural layer. Further water vapor entering the display substrate is absorbed by the next water-absorbing unit and then blocked by the water-blocking structural layer. The barrier effect of the multiple water-absorbing units and the water-blocking structural layer effectively isolates water vapor, improving packaging effectiveness and extending product life.

[0019] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present disclosure. The purposes and other advantages of the present disclosure can be realized and obtained through the structures particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings.

[0020] Still other aspects will become apparent upon reading and understanding the accompanying drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solution of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present disclosure, they are used to explain the technical solution of the present disclosure and do not constitute a limitation to the technical solution.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a display substrate provided by an exemplary embodiment;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the layout of a first water absorption unit provided as an exemplary embodiment;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of a display substrate provided for another exemplary embodiment;

[0025] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic plan view of a display substrate provided by an exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless there is a conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and the features therein may be combined with each other in any manner.

[0027] The steps shown in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions. Also, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in an order different from that shown here.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present disclosure should have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0029] In the drawings, the sizes of various components, layer thicknesses, or regions are sometimes exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily limited to these dimensions, and the shapes and sizes of the components in the drawings do not reflect true proportions. Furthermore, the drawings schematically illustrate idealized examples, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the shapes or values ​​shown in the drawings.

[0030] In the present disclosure, ordinal numbers such as “first”, “second” and “third” are provided to avoid confusion among constituent elements and do not indicate any order, quantity or importance.

[0031] In this disclosure, for convenience, words and phrases indicating orientation or positional relationships, such as "middle," "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," and "outside," are used to illustrate the positional relationships of constituent elements with reference to the accompanying drawings. This is merely for the convenience of describing this specification and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation of this disclosure. The positional relationships of constituent elements may be appropriately changed according to the direction in which each constituent element is described. Therefore, the words and phrases described in this disclosure are not limited and may be appropriately replaced according to the circumstances.

[0032] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed, removable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct connections, indirect connections through intermediaries, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this disclosure based on the specific circumstances.

[0033] In this disclosure, a transistor refers to an element comprising at least three terminals: a gate electrode, a drain electrode, and a source electrode. A transistor has a channel region between a drain electrode (drain electrode terminal, drain region, or drain electrode) and a source electrode (source electrode terminal, source region, or source electrode), and current can flow through the drain electrode, the channel region, and the source electrode. In this disclosure, the channel region refers to the region through which current primarily flows.

[0034] In this disclosure, "electrically connected" includes components connected together via an element having some electrical function. There are no particular limitations on the "element having some electrical function" as long as it enables the transfer of electrical signals between the connected components. Examples of "element having some electrical function" include not only electrodes and wiring, but also switching elements such as transistors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, and other components with various functions.

[0035] In this disclosure, "parallel" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than -10° and less than 10°, and thus also includes a state where the angle is greater than -5° and less than 5°. Furthermore, "perpendicular" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than 80° and less than 100°, and thus also includes a state where the angle is greater than 85° and less than 95°.

[0036] In this disclosure, the terms "film" and "layer" may be interchanged. For example, "conductive layer" may be replaced with "conductive film." Similarly, "insulating film" may be replaced with "insulating layer."

[0037] The “A and B are arranged in the same layer” mentioned in the present disclosure means that A and B are formed simultaneously through the same patterning process.

[0038] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display substrate provided by an exemplary embodiment. Figure 1 As shown, the display substrate includes a base 1, the base 1 includes a display area 100 and a peripheral area 200 surrounding the display area, the display substrate includes a water absorption structure layer arranged in the peripheral area 200, the water absorption structure layer includes a plurality of water absorption units spaced apart in a direction away from the display area to close to the display area, and the display substrate also includes a water-blocking structure layer covering the water absorption structure layer.

[0039] In the solution provided in this embodiment, starting from the outermost side away from the display area, water vapor entering the display substrate is absorbed by the water absorption unit and then blocked by the water-blocking structural layer. Water vapor that continues to enter is absorbed by the next water absorption unit and then blocked by the water-blocking structural layer. Through the barrier of multiple water absorption units and water-blocking structural layers, water vapor can be effectively isolated, the packaging effect can be improved, and the product life can be prolonged.

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, the peripheral area 200 may include a gate drive circuit area 201 provided with a gate drive circuit and signal lines, and the water absorption structure layer may include a plurality of first water absorption units 5 disposed between the gate drive circuit area 201 and the display area 100. Specifically, the first water absorption units 5 are disposed in area 202. The display area 100 may include a plurality of sub-pixels, each of which includes a pixel drive circuit, and the gate drive circuit provides gate drive signals to the pixel drive circuit. The signal lines may include a variety of signal lines, such as power lines, clock signal lines, etc., which provide the gate drive circuit with the required signals. The signal lines are disposed on the side of the gate drive circuit away from the display area 100.

[0041] In an exemplary embodiment, the display substrate may further include a pixel definition layer disposed in the display area 100 to define a pixel opening area; the water absorption unit may be disposed in the same layer as the pixel definition layer. For example, the display substrate may include a driving structure layer disposed on the base, and a light-emitting structure layer disposed on a side of the driving structure layer away from the base 1. The light-emitting structure layer may include, for example, a first electrode, a pixel definition layer, an organic light-emitting layer, and a second electrode disposed sequentially from a direction close to the base to a direction away from the base. In this embodiment, disposing the water absorption unit and the pixel definition layer in the same layer can simplify the manufacturing process and reduce costs. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the water absorption unit may be disposed in a different layer from the pixel definition layer.

[0042] In an exemplary embodiment, the water absorption unit may be made of polyimide, acrylic, or polyethylene terephthalate.

[0043] In one exemplary embodiment, the water-blocking structural layer may include an encapsulation layer 9, and the orthographic projections of the display area 100 and the first water-absorbing unit 5 on the substrate 1 are located within the orthographic projection of the encapsulation layer 9 on the substrate 1. That is, in this embodiment, the encapsulation layer 9 covers the display area 100 and the first water-absorbing unit 5. After the first water-absorbing unit 5 absorbs water vapor, it is blocked by the encapsulation layer 9. Through multiple absorption and blocking of water vapor, the amount of water vapor that ultimately enters the display area 100 is greatly reduced, achieving a good encapsulation effect.

[0044] In an exemplary embodiment, the encapsulation layer 9 may include: a first inorganic encapsulation layer and a second inorganic encapsulation layer, which are arranged in sequence from close to the substrate 1 to away from the substrate 1; or, a first inorganic encapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer and a second inorganic encapsulation layer, which are arranged in sequence from close to the substrate 1 to away from the substrate 1.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, on a plane parallel to the substrate, among the plurality of first water absorption units 5, the spacing d1 between the orthographic projections of at least two adjacent first water absorption units 5 is 2 to 3 times the spacing d2 between the orthographic projections of other adjacent first water absorption units 5. The solution provided by this embodiment, when there is a large spacing between the first water absorption units 5, can allow the encapsulation layer 9 to be better attached to the substrate 1, avoiding a gap between the encapsulation layer 9 and the substrate 1, and preventing water vapor from continuing to enter the display substrate near the display area 100 through the gap. The solution provided by this embodiment can better block water vapor from entering the display substrate from the side away from the display area, thereby improving the encapsulation effect. The disclosed embodiments are not limited to this, and the spacings d1 and d2 can be other relationships, for example, d1 can be greater than 3 times d2, or d1 can be equal to d2.

[0046] Take 5 first water absorption units as an example. Figure 2 As shown, from the farthest away from the display area 100 to the closest to the display area 100, the first water absorbing unit 51 to the first water absorbing unit 55 are sequentially arranged, wherein the spacing between the first water absorbing unit 51 and the first water absorbing unit 52, the spacing between the first water absorbing unit 53 and the first water absorbing unit 54, and the spacing between the first water absorbing unit 54 and the first water absorbing unit 55 can be the same, all being d2. The spacing d1 between the first water absorbing unit 52 and the first water absorbing unit 53 can be 2 to 3 times d2. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The spacing between the first water absorbing unit 51 and the first water absorbing unit 52 can be greater than the spacing between the other adjacent first water absorbing units, or the spacing between the first water absorbing unit 53 and the first water absorbing unit 54 can be greater than the spacing between the other adjacent first water absorbing units.

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, among the multiple first water absorption units 5, except for the other first water absorption units 55 closest to the display area 100, the width d3 of the orthographic projection of the first water absorption unit 51 to the first water absorption unit 54 on the substrate 1 along the first direction x can be the same. The first direction x and the second direction y are perpendicular, and the second direction y can be the extension direction of the first water absorption unit 5. Due to the limitations of etching technology, the width of the orthographic projection of the first water absorption unit 55 closest to the display area 100 on the substrate 1 along the first direction x can be slightly larger than the width of the orthographic projection of the other first water absorption units on the substrate 1 along the first direction x. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to this, and the widths of the orthographic projections of the first water absorption unit 5 on the substrate along the first direction x can be different. When the widths are the same, preparation is simpler.

[0048] In an exemplary embodiment, the water absorption structure layer may include 4 to 5 first water absorption units 5. Considering the width of the first water absorption unit 5 and the distance between the gate driving circuit area 201 and the display area 100, providing 4 to 5 first water absorption units 5 can better absorb and block water vapor.

[0049] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the water absorption structure layer may further include a second water absorption unit 6 disposed outside the gate drive circuit area 201, away from the display area 100. Specifically, the second water absorption unit 6 is disposed in area 203. In this embodiment, the provision of the second water absorption unit 6 confines water vapor entering from the side of the display substrate to the side and is isolated there by the water-blocking structure layer. The disclosed embodiments are not limited thereto, and the second water absorption unit 6 may be omitted. Figure 3 Only one second water absorption unit 6 is shown in the figure, but the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and a plurality of second water absorption units 6 may be arranged at intervals.

[0050] In one exemplary embodiment, the water-blocking structural layer may include a sealant layer 8, and the orthographic projection of the second water-absorbing unit 6 onto the substrate 1 is located within the orthographic projection of the sealant layer 8 onto the substrate 1. This embodiment provides a solution that uses the sealant layer 8 to block water vapor from the sides of the display substrate. Compared to the encapsulating adhesive layer in related technologies, the sealant layer in this embodiment has a slightly larger coverage area to cover the second water-absorbing unit 6.

[0051] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the sealing adhesive layer 8 on the substrate 1 may overlap with the orthographic projection of the encapsulation layer 9 on the substrate 1 .

[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, the sealant layer 8 can be made of resin or the like.

[0053] In one exemplary embodiment, the display substrate may further include a cover plate 10 disposed on a side of the sealant layer 8 away from the base. The cover plate 10 may be a glass cover plate. The cover plate 10 is bonded to the sealant layer 8. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto and may be applied to display substrates based on other packaging solutions.

[0054] In one exemplary embodiment, the plurality of first water absorbing units 5 may be parallel to one another in the direction of their orthographic projection onto the substrate 1, i.e., a plurality of parallel long strips may be provided as the first water absorbing units 5. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the first water absorbing units 5 may be non-parallel. The first water absorbing units 5 may be continuous long strips, or may be multiple independent segments.

[0055] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 4As shown, the plurality of first water absorption units 5 and second water absorption units 6 can be disposed on at least one of the first side and the second side of the display substrate, where the first side and the second side can be opposite each other. Gate drive circuits can be disposed on both the first side and the second side, or one side can be disposed with a gate drive circuit while the other side is not. The first water absorption units 5 and the second water absorption units 6 can extend to the boundaries between the first side and the second side near a third side and a fourth side. The third side and the fourth side are two sides adjacent to the first side and the second side.

[0056] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the water absorption structure layer may further include a third water absorption unit 7 disposed in the gate driving circuit area 201 .

[0057] In one exemplary embodiment, the third water absorption unit 7 can be disposed on a side of the gate drive circuit away from the substrate 1, with the orthographic projection of the third water absorption unit 7 on the substrate overlapping the orthographic projection of the gate drive circuit. This embodiment provides a solution that protects the gate drive circuit from water vapor corrosion by providing the third water absorption unit 7. However, the disclosed embodiments are not limited to this, and the third water absorption unit 7 may be omitted.

[0058] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the third water absorption unit 7 on the substrate 1 is located within the orthographic projection of the encapsulation layer 9 on the substrate 1 .

[0059] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the third water absorption unit 7 on the substrate 1 is at least partially located outside the orthographic projection of the signal line on the substrate 1. In the solution provided by this embodiment, the signal line is at least partially uncovered by the third water absorption unit 7, which facilitates maintenance.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 1 may be a flexible substrate or a glass substrate.

[0061] Figure 3 The display substrate shown is only an example. In another exemplary embodiment, one first water absorption unit 5 and one second water absorption unit 6 may be included.

[0062] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a display substrate, wherein the display substrate includes a base, the base including a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area, and the preparation method includes:

[0063] forming a water absorption structure layer in the peripheral area of ​​the substrate, wherein the water absorption structure layer comprises a plurality of water absorption units spaced apart from each other in a direction from away from the display area to close to the display area;

[0064] A water-blocking structural layer covering the water-absorbing structural layer is formed on a side of the water-absorbing structural layer away from the substrate.

[0065] The preparation method provided in this embodiment can effectively prevent water vapor from entering the display area through multiple water absorption and water blocking by using multiple spaced water absorption units, thereby improving the packaging effect and increasing the life of the display substrate.

[0066] The following example illustrates the substrate preparation process to further illustrate the technical solution of this embodiment. The "patterning process" referred to in this embodiment includes film deposition, photoresist coating, mask exposure, development, etching, and photoresist stripping, and is a well-established process in the relevant art. The "photolithography process" referred to in this embodiment includes film coating, mask exposure, and development, and is a well-established process in the relevant art. Deposition can be achieved using known processes such as sputtering, evaporation, and chemical vapor deposition; coating can be achieved using known coating processes; and etching can be achieved using known methods, without specific limitations. In the description of this embodiment, it should be understood that a "thin film" refers to a thin layer of a material deposited on a substrate using a deposition or coating process. If the "thin film" does not require patterning or photolithography during the entire fabrication process, it can also be referred to as a "layer." If the "thin film" also requires patterning or photolithography during the entire fabrication process, the "thin film" before patterning is referred to as a "thin film," and the "layer" after patterning is referred to as a "layer." A "layer" after patterning or photolithography contains at least one "pattern."

[0067] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a display substrate, comprising:

[0068] forming a driving structure layer on the substrate, wherein the driving structure layer may include: a pixel driving circuit arranged in the display area, a signal line and a gate driving circuit arranged in the peripheral area, wherein the pixel driving circuit and the gate driving circuit include: an active layer, a source electrode and a drain electrode, etc.;

[0069] Coating an insulating film, and forming a first insulating layer pattern covering the driving structure layer in the display area through a mask exposure and development photolithography process, wherein the first insulating layer is provided with a via hole to expose the drain electrode of the pixel driving circuit;

[0070] Depositing a transparent conductive film, patterning the transparent conductive film through a patterning process to form an anode pattern, and connecting the anode to the drain electrode through a via hole;

[0071] A pixel definition film is coated on the substrate on which the aforementioned pattern is formed, and a pixel definition layer pattern, a first water absorption unit 5 pattern, a second water absorption unit 6 pattern, and a third water absorption unit 7 pattern are formed by a photolithography process; wherein, the pixel definition layer is formed in the display area 100, and the first water absorption unit 5, the second water absorption unit 6, and the third water absorption unit 7 are formed in the peripheral area 200.

[0072] On the substrate formed with the aforementioned pattern, an organic light-emitting material and a cathode metal are sequentially evaporated to form an organic light-emitting layer and a cathode pattern; the organic light-emitting layer and the cathode are formed in the display area 100;

[0073] On the substrate with the aforementioned pattern, a first inorganic thin film is deposited to form a first encapsulation layer pattern; a second encapsulation layer pattern is formed by inkjet printing; and a second inorganic thin film is deposited to form a third encapsulation layer pattern. The first encapsulation layer, the second encapsulation layer and the third encapsulation layer constitute the encapsulation layer 9.

[0074] A sealant is applied on the substrate 1 with the aforementioned pattern, the cover plate 10 is bonded to the substrate 1 , and the sealant is cured to form a sealant layer 8 pattern.

[0075] The manufacturing method of this embodiment can be implemented using existing, mature manufacturing equipment, requiring minimal modification to existing processes and being well compatible with existing manufacturing processes. Therefore, it offers advantages such as low manufacturing cost, ease of process implementation, high production efficiency, and a high yield rate. This embodiment effectively addresses the issue of panel failure caused by moisture intrusion into display substrates, possesses practical application value in improving display substrate packaging, and has promising application prospects.

[0076] The present disclosure also provides a display device comprising the display substrate of the aforementioned embodiment. The display device can be any product or component with a display function, such as a mobile phone, tablet computer, television, monitor, laptop computer, digital photo frame, or navigation system.

[0077] Although the embodiments disclosed herein are as described above, the contents described herein are merely embodiments for facilitating understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art may make any modifications and variations in the form and details of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. However, the scope of patent protection of the present invention shall remain subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A display substrate, characterized in that: The display substrate includes a base, which includes a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area, the peripheral area includes a gate driving circuit area in which signal lines and gate driving circuits are provided, the display substrate includes a water absorption structure layer provided in the peripheral area, the water absorption structure layer includes a plurality of water absorption units spaced apart in a direction away from the display area to close to the display area; the water absorption structure layer includes a plurality of first water absorption units provided between the gate driving circuit area and the display area, and a second water absorption unit provided outside the gate driving circuit area on a side away from the display area, the display substrate also includes a water-blocking structure layer covering the water absorption structure layer, the water-blocking structure layer includes an encapsulation layer and a frame-sealing glue layer, the encapsulation layer covers the upper surface of the first water absorption unit on the side away from the base, and the side surfaces on both sides of the upper surface, the frame-sealing glue layer covers the upper surface of the second water absorption unit on the side away from the base, and the side surfaces on both sides of the upper surface.

2. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein: Among the plurality of first water absorbing units, a distance between orthographic projections of at least two adjacent first water absorbing units on the substrate is 2 to 3 times a distance between orthographic projections of the remaining adjacent first water absorbing units on the substrate.

3. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein The water absorption structure layer further includes a third water absorption unit disposed on a side of the gate driving circuit away from the substrate, and an orthographic projection of the third water absorption unit on the substrate overlaps with an orthographic projection of the gate driving circuit on the substrate.

4. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The display substrate further comprises a pixel definition layer disposed in the display area and defining a pixel opening region; the water absorption unit is disposed in the same layer as the pixel definition layer.

5. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The orthographic projections of the display area and the first water absorption unit on the substrate are located within the orthographic projection of the encapsulation layer on the substrate.

6. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein: The orthographic projection of the second water absorption unit on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the frame sealing adhesive layer on the substrate.

7. A display device, characterized in that: The display device comprises the display substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A method for preparing a display substrate, characterized in that: The display substrate includes a base, the base includes a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area, the peripheral area includes a gate driving circuit area provided with a signal line and a gate driving circuit, and the preparation method includes: forming a water absorption structure layer in the peripheral area of ​​the substrate, the water absorption structure layer comprising a plurality of water absorption units spaced apart from each other in a direction from away from the display area to close to the display area; the water absorption structure layer comprising a plurality of first water absorption units disposed between the gate drive circuit area and the display area, and a second water absorption unit disposed outside the gate drive circuit area on a side away from the display area; A water-blocking structure layer covering the water-absorbing structure layer is formed on the side of the water-absorbing structure layer away from the substrate; the water-blocking structure layer includes an encapsulation layer and a frame-sealing glue layer, the encapsulation layer covers the upper surface of the first water-absorbing unit away from the substrate and the side surfaces on both sides of the upper surface, and the frame-sealing glue layer covers the upper surface of the second water-absorbing unit away from the substrate and the side surfaces on both sides of the upper surface.

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