Fire sprinkler with push-in connection

Abstract

A sprinkler having a push-in fitting includes a sprinkler frame, an operating element, and a seal cap. The sprinkler also includes one or more sealing washers and a retainer. Each such sealing washer is at least partially located in a slot in the sprinkler frame. The retainer is also at least partially located in a slot in the sprinkler frame. The retainer engages an inner bore of a welded outlet or a mechanical outlet when the sprinkler is installed in the outlet. The one or more washers seal against the inner bore of the welded outlet or the mechanical outlet when the sprinkler is installed in the outlet. The retainer can be a spring mechanism such that when the sprinkler is inserted into the inner bore of the outlet, the diameter of the retainer decreases, and the retainer maintains pressure against the inner bore of the outlet when the sprinkler is installed in the outlet.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application is based on U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 923931 (filed on October 21, 2019), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] Our invention generally relates to a fire sprinkler with a push-in connector. Background Technology

[0004] Fire sprinklers are typically connected to conduits to receive pressurized fire-fighting fluids, such as water. A typical sprinkler has a base with threaded sections for connection to the conduit and an outlet port for discharging fluid to control and / or suppress fire. The outlet port is sealed by a cap that is held in place by a release mechanism. The release mechanism is designed to release the cap under predetermined conditions, thereby initiating the flow of fire-fighting fluid. Typical release mechanisms include thermally responsive elements, such as frangible balls or fusible links, and may also include a locking mechanism.

[0005] Some conventional sprayers have a pair of arms that extend from the base portion and meet at the hub portion to form a frame. The hub portion is spaced apart from the outlet port of the base portion and aligned with its central axis. The hub portion may have a retaining screw configured to apply pre-tension to the release mechanism. A deflector may be mounted on the hub laterally to the outlet port to disperse the output fluid.

[0006] Fire sprinklers can be mounted on fluid conduits extending along the ceiling and can hang downwards from the conduit, a configuration known as a "drooping" configuration, or they can extend upwards, a configuration known as a "standing" configuration. Alternatively, the sprinkler can be mounted on a wall, below the ceiling, a configuration known as a "horizontal sidewall" configuration. The outlet of a horizontal sidewall sprinkler is oriented so that fluid flows horizontally and is sprayed onto the area to be protected in front of the sprinkler. Standing sprinklers can be mounted on a "sprig" or "upward-facing sprig," which is a supply line extending vertically from the fluid conduit to supply individual sprinklers.

[0007] A branch can be formed by attaching a short section of pipe (called a "pipe fitting") to a "tee" or a butt-welded branch connector. For example, a tee branch can be formed by attaching a mechanical tee to a pipe, the branch having: a base that conforms to the pipe; and a threaded or grooved portion extending from the base. A butt-welded branch can be formed, for example, by welding a fitting to a supply pipe, such as... (Bonney Forge, Mount Union, Pa.), which is a forged steel fitting that conforms to the profile of the supply pipe. Typically, the sprinkler is installed in a threaded connection at the end of the branch. In the case where the branch connection is a grooved connection, the pipe segment can be an "adapter pipe fitting" that has a groove at one end and a threaded opening at the other end for receiving the threaded end of the sprinkler.

[0008] One disadvantage of the conventional branch construction is that it requires the use of a separate pipe section for each sprinkler, which increases the number of components in the system. This also increases the installation time because of the separate steps required to connect the pipe segment to the branch connection and to connect the sprinkler to the pipe segment. This construction also increases the potential for leaks because it doubles the number of connections between the sprinkler and the conduit (i.e., two connections are required for each sprinkler). Moreover, the conventional upright sprinkler body cannot accommodate a grooved connection without an adapter. Also, threading the connections together is laborious and time consuming.

[0009] Sprinklers can generally be classified as "control mode" or "suppression mode." Control mode sprinklers are designed to limit the size of a fire by distributing water to reduce the heat release rate near the combustible and to pre-wet, while controlling the top gas temperature to avoid structural damage. Suppression mode sprinklers are designed to drastically reduce the heat release rate of a fire and prevent it from continuing to develop by directly and fully applying water through the fire plume onto the surface of the burning fuel.

[0010] The thermal sensitivity of a sprinkler is a measure of the speed at which the heat responsive release mechanism operates when installed in a particular sprinkler or sprinkler assembly. One measure of thermal sensitivity is the response time index (RTI) when measured under standard test conditions. A sprinkler defined as fast response has a thermal element with an RTI value of 50 m-s 1 / 2 or less. A sprinkler defined as standard response has a thermal element with an RTI value of 80 m-s 1 / 2 or more.

[0011] As defined in UL 199 ("Standard for Safety Sprinkler Systems for Fire Protection Service", Underwriters Laboratories, November 4, 2005, 11th Edition), "professional application control mode storage" sprinklers are used for the protection of stored merchandise as specified in NFPA 13 ("Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems", National Fire Protection Association, Inc. 2002 Edition), or a specific end-use limitation (e.g., special hazard or building feature) specified by the sprinkler. According to Section 3.6.2.12 of NFPA 13, a professional application control mode sprinkler (for storage use) is a sprinkler that is listed for a minimum operating pressure and a specific number of operating sprinklers for a given protection scheme. Such sprinklers can be used to protect storage Class I through IV merchandise, plastic merchandise, miscellaneous storage, and other storage as specified in Chapter 12 of NFPA 13 (see Section 12.1.2.3).

[0012] Sections 8.5 and 8.6 of NFPA 13 specify requirements for installing standard pendant and upright sprinklers. In particular, Section 8.6.5.2.1.3 specifies spacing requirements for standard upright sprinklers relative to obstructions that can interfere with the sprinkler's spray pattern. However, as stated in Section 8.6.5.2.1.8, these spacing requirements do not apply to upright sprinklers that are attached directly to a supply pipe having a diameter of less than 3 inches, i.e., attached without an upturned branch. Thus, sprinklers designed to be installed without an upturned branch have the advantage of less stringent spacing requirements.

[0013] Sections 8.5 and 8.11 specify requirements for installing professional application control mode sprinklers (for storage applications). Section 8.11.5 specifies requirements for installing professional application control mode sprinklers near obstructions that can interfere with the sprinkler's spray pattern. Section 8.11.5.2.2 states that sprinklers can be attached directly to branch lines having a diameter of less than 2 inches. Sprinklers can also be attached directly to branch lines having a larger diameter. However, certain minimum distances apply to the use of an upturned branch (or "riser fitting"). In particular, sprinklers fed by a riser fitting must have the sprinkler deflector raised at least 13 inches from the centerline of a 2.5 inch pipe and at least 15 inches from the centerline of a 3 inch pipe. Thus, sprinklers designed to be installed without an upturned branch have the advantage of more flexibility in installation.

[0014] Figure 1A conventional upright sprinkler 100 is shown having a body 101 with an extension 105 that is mounted on a supply pipe 103 using a threaded branch connection 106. The supply pipe 103 has a nominal inside diameter of, for example, 2" or 3" and an outside diameter (OD) of 2.375" or 3.5". In this example, the branch connection has a height of 1.25" and a diameter of 1.90" and it can be used on either a 2" or 3" supply pipe. As noted above, a dimension D2 can be defined between the bottom side of the deflector 160 and the top edge 170 of the body 101. The top edge 170 of the sprinkler body 101 has a diameter (W) and the hub 140 has a radius X. A height H can be defined between the top of the deflector 160 and the centerline of the supply pipe 103.

[0015] For comparison purposes, a set of similar dimensions can be used for a conventional sprinkler that is positioned on a supply pipe. In this case, the diameter W is determined by the width of the wrench boss (i.e., the distance between the flat edges of the wrench boss) that forms the top edge of the conventional sprinkler. The desired height H can be achieved by using an upward-type branch that can be a variety of configured pipe segments and adapters.

[0016] A shadow diameter S can be defined to correspond to the diameter of a conical shadow area at a particular distance below the sprinkler. To illustrate the shadow caused by the supply pipe 103 (as opposed to the structure of the sprinkler), consider that the shadow diameter (S) has a baseline value that corresponds to the diameter (OD) of the supply pipe 103. This baseline value can be varied by an amount ΔS depending on the particular dimensions of the sprinkler, as described below. The composite shadow diameter (S') that results based on the dimensions of the supply pipe and the sprinkler is given by the expression: S' = S + ΔS. The value of S' can be less than, equal to, or greater than the baseline shadow diameter (S).

[0017] An Enhanced Protection Extended Coverage (EPEC) sprinkler is designed to meet the requirements of the Loss Prevention Certification Board (LPCB), which provides certification of sprinkler systems in the United Kingdom. The EPEC sprinkler is designed to provide protection for storage applications that meets the standard for Ordinary Hazard Group III (per Technical Bulletin TB222). The relevant standard allows coverage of 17.6 m 2 , which is equivalent to a sprinkler spacing of 4.2 m (approximately 13.8 feet). In contrast, a standard (non-extended coverage) sprinkler provides coverage of 12 m 2 , which is equivalent to a spacing of 3.5 m (approximately 11.5 feet).

[0018] Figure 2A conventional enhanced protection extended coverage (EPEC) pendant sprinkler 200 is shown. Sprinkler 200 has a body 210 defining an axial fluid passageway therethrough. The top of the body has a threaded portion 220 on its outer surface to enable sprinkler 200 to be connected to a conduit (not shown) for providing pressurized fire suppression fluid, such as water, to an inlet end 225 of the fluid passageway. The fluid passageway has an outlet orifice 230 at the opposite end, which is sealed by a sealing cap 235. The diameter of inlet end 225 can be, for example, 3 / 4 inch NPT (National Pipe Thread). Sprinkler 200 can have a K-factor of, for example, 8.0 gpm / psi 1 / 2 , which is determined by K = Q / √{square root (p)}, where Q is the flow rate (in gallons per minute) and p is the residual pressure at the inlet of the sprinkler (in pounds per square inch) (corresponding to a metric K-factor of 1151 pm / bar 1 / 2 ). Larger K-factors can also be used, such as 11.2 gpm / psi 1 / 2 (1611 pm / bar 1 / 2 ) or 14 gpm / psi 1 / 2 (2011 pm / bar 1 / 2 ).

[0019] Two frame arms 240 extend from a lower portion of body 210 and meet at a hub 245, which is positioned below and axially aligned with outlet orifice 230. A deflector 300 is positioned on hub 245 so as to be impacted by the output fluid when sprinkler 200 is activated. As described further below, in this particular embodiment, deflector 300 is a disc that is centered on and normal to the axis of the fluid passageway. The disc has a plurality of slots of varying length and orientation, which are arranged around the perimeter of the disc.

[0020] A release mechanism having a thermally responsive element, such as a frangible ball 250, is positioned between hub 245 and sealing cap 235 to hold sealing cap 235 in place over outlet orifice 230. As shown in Figure 2 , ball 250 is positioned between sealing cap 235 and a retaining screw 255. Ball 250 is designed to burst at a predetermined temperature, which in turn releases sealing cap 235 and allows fluid to be output from orifice 230. Of course, other types of release mechanisms can be used, including but not limited to, for example, a fusible link assembly or a sensor, strut and lever assembly.

[0021] Figures 3 to 5An embodiment of deflector 300 is shown, which, as noted above, is a disc having a plurality of slots of varying length and orientation disposed about the periphery of the disc. The deflector is formed of metal, such as phosphor bronze, and has a radius of about 0.8 inches and a thickness of about 0.06 inches. In alternative embodiments, the radius can be between about 0.5 and about 1.1 inches, preferably about 0.7 to 0.9 inches. The deflector is formed by stamping a thin sheet of metal to form a flat circular blank (not shown) having the slots. Due to the bending of the edges, the diameter of the blank can be about 0.02 inches greater than the finished deflector, as described below.

[0022] The edges of the blank are bent or curved in another process to cause the outer edge 310 of the deflector to extend away from the outlet aperture 330. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the edges 310 of the deflector can be curved to form an angle of about 14° (in alternative embodiments, the angle can be between about 5° and about 30°, preferably about 10° to about 20°) relative to the plane of the deflector to cause the deflector to have a planar central portion 320 with a radius of about 0.65 inches. The radius of the central portion can be between about 0.4 inches and about 0.9 inches, preferably about 0.6 inches to 0.7 inches. Alternatively, the edges can remain flat. Figure 4

[0023] The positions of the slots can be described in terms of the approximate angle between each slot and a cross-sectional line 3-3 that extends horizontally through the plan view of deflector 300 in FIG. 3. In the example embodiment, there is a pair of "alignment slots" 325 that are cut along the cross-sectional line 3-3 and extend to the outer edge 310 of the deflector. The alignment slots 325 are aligned with the plane of the frame arms 340. The alignment slots 325 have a radial length of about 0.35 inches (which is about 44% of the radius of the deflector). In alternative embodiments, the length of the alignment slots 325 can be between about 0.2 inches and about 0.6 inches, preferably about 0.3 inches to about 0.4 inches. Figure 3

[0024] The width of the alignment slots is about 0.08 inches, which can vary by about ±20% in alternative embodiments, preferably about ±15%. The width of the alignment slots is designed to provide a desired amount of additional water to the area below the frame arms 340 (i.e., the area almost directly below the deflector 300). This helps to offset the "shadow effect," which is the tendency of the frame arms 340 to block water output to the area below the frame arms 340, depending on their width. Conversely, the length of the alignment slots 325 extending toward the center of the deflector can cause the deflector to be structurally weak, as the inner ends of the alignment slots 325 are close to adjacent angled slots 345. ​​

[0025] There are a pair of "vertical slots" 335 that are perpendicular to the plane of the frame arm 340. The vertical slots 335 also are perpendicular to the plane of the section line 3-3. The vertical slots 335 have a radial length of about 0.46 inches (which is about 58% of the radius of the deflector) and a width of about 0.06 inches. In alternative embodiments, the length of the vertical slots 335 can be between about 0.3 inches and about 0.7 inches, preferably about 0.4 inches to about 0.5 inches. The width of the vertical slots can vary by about ±20%, preferably about ±15%.

[0026] There are four "corner slots" 340 that form an angle of about 50° with the plane of the section line 3-3. Each of the corner slots 340 has a radial length of about 0.56 inches (which is about 70% of the radius of the deflector) and a width of about 0.70 inches. In alternative embodiments, the angle of the corner slots 340 can be between about 40° and about 60°, the length of the corner slots 340 can be about 0.4 to about 0.7 inches, preferably about 0.5 to about 0.6 inches. The width of the corner slots can vary by about ±20%, preferably about ±15%.

[0027] There are four inclined slots 345 ("first inclined slots") that are located on either side of the alignment slot 325 and are oriented at an angle of about 30° relative to the alignment slot 325. In alternative embodiments, the angle can be about 15° to about 45°, preferably about 20° to about 40°. The first inclined slots 345 have a radial length (relative to the center of the deflector) of about 0.4 inches (which is about 50% of the radius of the deflector) and a width of about 0.70 inches. The inner ends of the first inclined slots 345 are located at a radius of about 0.4 inches. In alternative embodiments, the length of the slots 345 can be about 0.2 to about 0.6 inches, preferably about 0.3 to about 0.5 inches. The width can vary by about ±20%, preferably about ±15%.

[0028] There are also four additional angled slots 350 ("second angled slots") positioned on either side of the vertical slots 335 and oriented at an angle of about 20° with respect to the vertical slots 335. In some embodiments, the angle can be between about 5° and about 35°, preferably about 10° to about 30°. The radial length of the second angled slots 350 (with respect to the center of the deflector) is about 0.2 inches (which is about 25% of the radius of the deflector), and the width of the slots 350 is about 0.09 inches. The inner end of the second angled slots 350 is positioned at a radius of about 0.6 inches. In alternative embodiments, the length of the slots 350 can be about 0.2 to about 0.4 inches, preferably about 0.2 to about 0.25 inches. The width can vary by about ±20%, preferably about ±15%.

[0029] The slots described above have rounded inner ends with a radius equal to about half the width of the slot, but other geometries can be used for the inner end. Of course, the deflector can have other slots in addition to the slots described above.

[0030] According to Technical Bulletin TB222, EPEC sprinklers must be tested by measuring the actual delivery density and by passing the commodity ignition test, in which a group of sprinklers is operated on a predetermined arrangement of commodities. The water flow from the sprinklers must be controlled by the deflector to achieve the output pattern that results in the required actual delivery density for the sprinkler requirements. For each ignition test, a representative sample sprinkler is installed at the specified spacing, which is 4.0 m or 4.2 m for K-8.0 (metric K factor 115). The required density is 6.0 mm / min (for ordinary hazard group III / 10) or 6.5 mm / min (for ordinary hazard group III / 12.5) over a design area of 160 m 2 corresponding to an array of ten sprinklers, each covering 16 square meters. 2

[0031] To maintain the proper water output density over the prescribed area, the sprinkler must have a spray pattern that is approximately square. To achieve such a pattern, the corner slots are designed to be longer than the aligned slots and the vertical slots so as to project more water toward the corners of the spray pattern. Also, the first and second angled slots are angled toward the corners of the output pattern, which further tends to produce a square pattern. In addition, directing the output spray toward the corners of the spray pattern will reduce the amount of water output toward adjacent sprinklers. This helps to prevent "cold welding," which is a situation in which water is output by a sprinkler directly onto an adjacent sprinkler, thereby reducing the temperature of the adjacent sprinkler and preventing it from operating properly.

[0032] ​Sprayers have been manufactured for over a hundred years with threads for connection to pipes, as described above. Threaded sprayers are typically connected to pipes using a welded threaded outlet or a mechanically connected threaded outlet. The welded threaded outlet is typically connected to a pipe by creating a hole in the pipe and then welding the threaded outlet around the hole. The mechanically connected threaded outlet is typically connected to a pipe by cutting a hole in the pipe and then mechanically attaching the threaded outlet around the hole, typically using a clamp around the circumference of the pipe.

[0033] Sprayer threads are connected to outlets using a thread sealant, typically a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape, which is applied to the sprayer threads and then a wrench is used to tighten the sprayer onto the outlet. Sprayers typically have 1 / 2", 3 / 4" or 1" nominal size threads, but sprayers with 1 1 / 4" nominal threads can also be used. As the thread size increases, the torque required to install the sprayer, while limiting leaks, also increases and makes the installation more time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore, there is a need for a time and labor saving method for connecting a sprayer to a pipe.

[0034] Sprayers are also manufactured with external grooves for connection to outlets with grooves in the outer periphery using a grooved coupling. The grooved coupling typically includes two housings that are connected together by one or more bolts or screws and sealing washers. When connected together, the two housings span between the grooves of the sprayer and the grooves in the outer periphery of the outlet and connect them. The sealing washers seal against the outer periphery of the sprayer and the outer periphery of the outlet, thereby providing a water tight conduit between the sprayer and the outlet. The grooved coupling connects the sprayer to the outlet such that the end of the sprayer remains outside of the outlet, which makes the sprayer extend further away from the pipe than other identical sprayers that are locally inserted into the outlet, such as by threads. Moving the sprayer further away from the pipe requires more installation space, is more difficult to support during an earthquake, and can cause the sprayer to be further away from the ceiling, thereby delaying priming. This is disadvantageous.

[0035] In general, so-called quick connector assemblies are also known in the art. For example, U.S. Patent No. 9851035 introduces a quick connector assembly that includes a housing having an open bore extending along an axis from an open first end for receiving a cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipe to an open second end for receiving a copper or chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe. The housing has an inner surface defining the open bore and an outer surface. Between the first and second ends, the housing extends continuously through a first end portion, a first intermediate portion, a second intermediate portion, and a second end portion. The outer surface of the first end portion is formed in accordance with the ASTM F-1960 standard so as to establish a fluid connection with the PEX pipe by a standard expansion fitting having a PEX expansion ring. It should be appreciated, however, that the first end portion can be provided for connection with the PEX pipe by any suitable connection means, such as a sharkbite connection, compression connection, crimp connection, clamp connection, or press connection. The housing is preferably made of a polymeric material as a one-piece and is preferably formed by an injection molding process. The housing can also be made of any suitable material by any suitable forming process.

[0036] Another so-called quick connect fitting is introduced in U.S. Patent No. 9650768. The quick connect fitting includes a housing attached to a quick connect portion of a molded base. A retaining ring attached to the adapter is held in place in the quick connect fitting by the housing and a retaining clip. The quick connect fitting also includes a first O-ring, a backup ring, and a second O-ring to seal the connection. Another example quick connect fitting is available from BrassCraft Mfg. Co. of Novi, Mich. The components of the quick connect fitting vary depending on the connector system with which it is used. Example connector systems can include, but are not limited to, SureConnect and NGS (available from BrassCraft Mfg. Co. of Novi, Mich.), push-to-lock (available from Rayconnect Inc. of Rochester Hills, Mich.), sharkbite connection system (available from Reliance Worldwide Corp. of Birmingham, Ala.), or JG Speedfit (available from John Guest USA Inc. of Fairfield, N.J.).

[0037] These quick connector assemblies and quick connect fittings, however, have drawbacks in that they are generally "one and done." In other words, once connected, they can not be easily disconnected. When disconnected, the connection will be damaged. This is undesirable.

[0038] Accordingly, there is a need to provide a fire sprinkler having a push-in connection that overcomes the disadvantages associated with conventional devices (as described above), while also providing the necessary spray pattern and / or output required in the fire suppression industry. SUMMARY

[0039] Our invention is a fire sprinkler having a push-in connection. The sprinkler includes a sprinkler frame, an operating element, and a sealing cap. The sprinkler also includes one or more sealing washers and a retainer. Each such sealing washer is at least partially located in a slot in the sprinkler frame. The retainer is also at least partially located in a slot in the sprinkler frame. The retainer engages an inner bore of a weld outlet or mechanical outlet when the sprinkler is installed in the outlet. The one or more washers seal against the inner bore of the weld outlet or mechanical outlet when the sprinkler is installed in the outlet. The retainer can be a spring mechanism such that when the sprinkler is inserted into the inner bore of the outlet, the diameter of the retainer decreases and the retainer maintains pressure against the inner bore of the outlet when the sprinkler is installed in the outlet. To provide a form fit connection between the retainer and the outlet, the outlet can have a circumferential groove in its inner bore such that when the sprinkler is installed in the outlet, the retainer is at least partially located in the slot in the sprinkler frame and the slot in the outlet. The sprinkler can be removed from the outlet by compressing the retainer such that the retainer is smaller than the diameter of the inner bore of the outlet so that the sprinkler can be pulled out of the outlet.

[0040] These and other features of the present invention will be presented in reference to the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 is a side view of a conventional upright fire sprinkler installed on a supply conduit.

[0042] Figure 2 is a front view of a conventional enhanced protection extended coverage pendant sprinkler.

[0043] Figure 3 is a plan view of a deflector showing the surface facing away from Figure 2 the exit hole in the sprinkler shown in Fig. 1.

[0044] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the deflector in the plane of the frame arm.

[0045] Figure 5 is a perspective view of the deflector showing the surface facing away from the exit hole.

[0046] Figure 6 is a perspective view showing a fire sprinkler of the present invention having a push-in connection.

[0047] Figure 7is a front view of a fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors.

[0048] Figure 8 is a hexagonal retainer that can be used with a fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors.

[0049] Figure 9 is a multi-lobed line retainer that can be used with a fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors.

[0050] Figure 10 is an oval retainer that can be used with a fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors.

[0051] Figure 11 is a pressure seal gasket having one or more sealing ribs that can be used with a fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors.

[0052] Figure 12 is an example O-ring that can be used with a fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors.

[0053] Figure 13 is an example gasket having one or more lobes that can be used with a fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors.

[0054] Figure 14 is another example gasket having one or more lobes that can be used with a fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors.

[0055] Figure 15 is a grooved gasket that can be used with a fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors.

[0056] Figure 16 is another example of a gasket that can be used with a fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors.

[0057] Figure 17A is an example of an outlet that can have a circumferential groove in its inner bore.

[0058] Figure 17B is an example of an outlet that can have a circumferential groove in its inner bore. Figure 17A is a cross-sectional view of the outlet shown in FIG. 17A-17A along section line 17A-17A to more clearly show the circumferential groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] Our invention is a sprinkler with a push-in connection. The sprinkler includes a sprinkler frame, an operating element, and a sealing cap. The sprinkler also includes one or more sealing washers and a retainer. Each such sealing washer is at least partially located in a slot in the sprinkler frame. The retainer is also at least partially located in a slot in the sprinkler frame. The retainer engages an inner bore of a soldered outlet or a mechanical outlet when the sprinkler is installed in the outlet. The one or more washers seal against the inner bore of the soldered outlet or the mechanical outlet when the sprinkler is installed in the outlet. The retainer can be a spring mechanism such that when the sprinkler is inserted into the inner bore of the outlet, the diameter of the retainer decreases and the retainer maintains pressure against the inner bore of the outlet when the sprinkler is installed in the outlet. To provide a positive connection between the retainer and the outlet, the outlet can have a circumferential groove in its inner bore such that when the sprinkler is installed in the outlet, the retainer is at least partially located in the slot in the sprinkler frame and the slot in the outlet. The sprinkler can be removed from the outlet by compressing the retainer such that the retainer is smaller than the diameter of the inner bore of the outlet so that the sprinkler can be pulled out of the outlet.

[0060] Currently, the most promising embodiment is a sprinkler with a hexagonal retainer and a pressure sealing washer with two sealing ribs. The pressure sealing washer includes one or more ribs, where one side of each rib contacts the inner bore of the outlet when the sprinkler is installed and the other side of each rib is exposed to water or air in the outlet. When the water or air in the pipe and outlet is pressurized, the water or air presses the ribs against the inner bore of the outlet, thereby improving the seal. When a flaw, debris, or other cause in the inner bore of the outlet prevents the ribs from maintaining a leak-proof seal, multiple ribs are provided to improve reliability.

[0061] Figure 6 is a perspective view of a fire sprinkler with a push-in connection according to the invention. Figure 6 includes reference numerals: 600 represents a fire sprinkler with a push-in connection; 603 represents a push-in connection according to the invention; 606 represents a frame arm; 615 represents a spring mechanism; 620 represents a support base; 625 represents an output aperture; 635 represents a spring mechanism; 640 represents a corner slot of a deflector; 645 represents a slanted slot of a deflector; 650 represents a support frame.

[0062] Figure 7 is a front view of a fire sprinkler with a push-in connection according to the invention. Figure 7 includes reference numerals: 700 represents a fire sprinkler with a push-in connection; 703 represents a push-in connection according to the invention; 706 represents a frame arm; 710 represents a support base; 715 represents a heat responsive frangible mechanism; 730 represents an outer edge of a notch; 735 represents a spring mechanism located within a notch; 740 represents a deflector; 750 represents a support frame.

[0063] Figure 8 Illustrates a hexagonal retainer that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having a push-in fitting. Figure 8 Includes reference numbers: 800 represents a hexagonal retainer spring mechanism; 820 represents an inner parameter surface; 825 represents an outer parameter surface; 830 represents a flange portion; and 835 represents a recessed portion.

[0064] Figure 9 Illustrates a multi-lobe retainer that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having a push-in fitting. Figure 9 Includes reference numbers: 900 represents a multi-lobe retainer spring mechanism; 975 represents a depending leg; 980 represents an arcuate segment; and 985 represents an adjoining arcuate segment.

[0065] Five most common spring wire material choices:

[0066] • Stainless Steel - Cold drawn general purpose wire. Characteristics include corrosion resistance and heat resistance.

[0067] • Music Wire - Highest quality cold drawn high carbon wire. High strength, features good surface finish.

[0068] • Hard Drawn MB - Cold drawn wire for average stress applications. Moderate strength, low cost.

[0069] • Oil Tempered - Wire is cold drawn and heat treated prior to manufacture. Good general purpose spring wire for torsion springs.

[0070] • Brass - Not commonly used due to cost. Tends to lose luster and change color over time. Characteristics are good corrosion resistance and water resistance.

[0071] Figure 10 Illustrates an oval retainer that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having a push-in fitting. Figure 10 Includes reference numbers: 1000 represents an oval retainer that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having a push-in fitting; 1020 represents an inner perimeter surface; 1030 represents an upper edge of a flange portion; and 1035 represents a recessed groove.

[0072] Figure 11 Illustrates a pressure seal gasket having one or more sealing ribs that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having a push-in fitting. Figure 10Including reference numbers: 1100 represents a pressure seal gasket having one or more sealing ribs that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors; 1130 represents a sealing rib; 1135 represents a notch; and 1140 represents an inner peripheral surface.

[0073] Figure 12 An O-ring that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors is shown. Figure 12 Including reference numbers: 1200 represents an O-ring that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors; 1210 represents an outer peripheral edge; and 1215 represents an inner peripheral edge.

[0074] Generally, an O-ring (also known as a packing or toric joint) is a mechanical gasket in the shape of a ring. It is an elastomeric loop with a circular cross-section that is placed in a groove and compressed between two or more parts during assembly, creating a seal at the interface.

[0075] O-rings can be used in static applications or in dynamic applications where there is relative motion between the parts and the O-ring. Static applications of O-rings can include fluid or gas sealing applications where: (1) the O-ring is compressed, resulting in zero clearance; (2) the O-ring material is vulcanized solid, so it is impermeable to fluids or gases; (3) the O-ring material is resistant to degradation by the fluid or gas.

[0076] O-rings are the most commonly used seals in machine design because they are inexpensive, easy to manufacture, reliable, and have simple installation requirements. They have been tested for sealing up to 5000 psi (35 MPa) pressures. The maximum recommended pressure for an O-ring seal depends on the hardness of the seal and the gland clearance.

[0077] O-rings can be various metric and inch standard sizes. The sizes are specified by the inside diameter and cross-sectional diameter (thickness). In the United States, the most common standard inch sizes are specified according to SAE AS568C (e.g. AS568-214). ISO 3601-1:2012 contains the most commonly used standard sizes worldwide, including inch and metric. In the United Kingdom, there are also standard sizes known as British Standard (BS) sizes, which generally range from BS001 to BS932. There are several other size specifications.

[0078] Successful O-ring connector design requires a rigid mechanical mount that applies predictable deformation to the O-ring. This induces calculated mechanical stress at the O-ring contact surface. Leakage must not occur as long as the pressure of the contained fluid does not exceed the contact stress of the O-ring. The pressure of the contained fluid is transmitted through the essentially incompressible O-ring material, and the contact stress increases with increasing pressure. Therefore, O-rings can easily seal high pressures (provided they do not fail mechanically). The most common failure is extrusion through the mating parts.

[0079] The seal is designed with point contact between the O-ring and the sealing surface. This allows for higher localized stresses and can withstand high pressures without exceeding the yield stress of the O-ring body. The flexible properties of the O-ring material will accommodate imperfections in the installed components. However, maintaining a good surface finish on these mating parts remains important, especially at low temperatures, where the sealing rubber reaches its glass transition temperature and becomes increasingly crystalline. Surface finish is also particularly important in dynamic applications. A surface finish that is too rough will wear down the O-ring surface, while a surface that is too smooth will prevent the seal from being adequately lubricated by a liquid film.

[0080] The selection of O-rings is based on chemical compatibility, application temperature, sealing pressure, lubrication requirements, hardness tester, size, and cost.

[0081] O-rings are typically made of the following materials:

[0082] (A) Synthetic rubber or thermosetting plastics

[0083] Butadiene rubber (BR)

[0084] Butyl rubber (IIR)

[0085] Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM)

[0086] Epichlorohydrin rubber (ECH, ECO)

[0087] • Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM): Excellent resistance to hot water and steam, detergents, caustic soda solutions, sodium hydroxide solutions, silicone oils and greases, many polar solvents, and many diluent acids and chemicals. Certain formulations are well-suited for use with ethylene glycol-based brake fluids. Not suitable for use with mineral oil products: lubricants, oils, or fuels. Peroxide-cured compounds are suitable for higher temperatures.

[0088] Ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)

[0089] • Fluoroelastomers (FKM): Known for their very high resistance to heat and a wide variety of chemicals. Other major advantages include excellent resistance to aging and ozone, very low gas permeability, and the material is self-extinguishing. Standard FKM materials have excellent resistance to mineral oils and greases, aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, fuels, non-flammable hydraulic fluids (HFD) and many organic solvents and chemicals. Generally not resistant to hot water, steam, polar solvents, glycol-based brake fluids and low molecular weight organic acids. In addition to standard FKM materials, there are many specialty materials with different monomer compositions and fluorine content (65% to 71%) that provide improved chemical resistance or high temperature resistance and / or better low temperature performance.

[0090] • Nitrile rubber (NBR, HNBR, HSN, Buna-N): Common material for O-rings due to its good mechanical properties, its resistance to lubricants and greases and its relatively low cost. The physical and chemical resistance characteristics of NBR materials are determined by the acrylonitrile (ACN) content of the base polymer: a low content guarantees good flexibility at low temperatures, but limited resistance to oils and fuels. As the acetonitrile content increases, the low temperature flexibility decreases, the resistance to oils and fuels increases. The physical and chemical resistance of NBR materials is also influenced by the curing system of the polymer. Peroxide cured materials have improved physical properties, chemical resistance and thermal properties compared to sulfur donor cured materials. Standard grades of NBR generally resist mineral oil-based lubricants and greases, many grades of hydraulic oil, aliphatic hydrocarbons, silicone oils and greases, and water up to about 80°C. NBR is generally not resistant to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, fuels with high aromatic content, polar solvents, glycol-based brake fluids and non-flammable hydraulic fluids (HFD). NBR also has lower ozone resistance, weather resistance and resistance to aging. HNBR also greatly improves heat resistance, ozone resistance and aging resistance, and gives it good mechanical properties.

[0091] • Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM)

[0092] • Polyacrylate rubber (ACM)

[0093] • Chlorobutadiene (Chloroprene) (CR)

[0094] • Polyisoprene (IR)

[0095] • Polysulfide rubber (PSR)

[0096] • Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

[0097] • Sanifluor (FEPM)

[0098] • Silicone rubber (SiR): Known for their ability to be used over a wide temperature range and excellent ozone, weather, and aging resistance. Silicone's physical properties are inferior compared to most other sealing elastomers. Generally, silicone materials are physiologically harmless, so they are universally used by the food and pharmaceutical industries. Standard silicones are resistant to water (up to 100°C), aliphatic engine and transmission oils, and animal and vegetable fats. Silicones are generally not resistant to fuels, aromatic mineral oils, steam (possibly up to 120°C) for short periods, silicone oils and greases, acids, or bases. Fluorosilicone elastomers are much more resistant to oils and fuels. The temperature range of application is more limited.

[0099] • Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR); and

[0100] (B) Thermoplastics:

[0101] • Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) Styrene

[0102] • Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, ULDPE

[0103] • Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) Polyether, Polyester: The difference between polyurethanes and classic elastomers is that they have much better mechanical properties. In particular, they have higher abrasion resistance, wear resistance, and extrusion resistance, higher tensile strength, and excellent tear resistance. Polyurethanes are generally resistant to aging and ozone, mineral oils and greases, silicone oils and greases, non-flammable hydraulic fluids HFA & HFB, water (up to 50°C), and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

[0104] • Thermoplastic ether ester elastomer (TEEE) Copolyester

[0105] • Thermoplastic polyamide (PEBA) Polyamide

[0106] • Melt processable rubber (MPR)

[0107] • Thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV)

[0108] (C) Chemical Compatibility

[0109] • Air, 200-300°F - Silicone

[0110] • Water - EPDM

[0111] Figure 13 An example gasket having one or more lugs is shown that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having a push-in fitting. Figure 13 Reference numbers included: 1300 represents an example gasket that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having a push-in fitting; 1305 represents a sealing lug; 1310 represents a notch; and 1315 represents an inner peripheral surface.

[0112] Figure 14 Another example gasket is shown having one or more convex corners that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors. Figure 14 Reference numerals include: 1400 represents an example gasket that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors; 1405 represents a notch; 1410 represents a sealing convex corner; and 1415 represents an inner peripheral surface.

[0113] Figure 15 A gasket with a groove is shown that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors. Figure 15 Reference numerals include: 1500 represents a gasket with a groove that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors; 1530 represents an inner peripheral surface; 1535 represents a reference numeral for an outer peripheral surface; and 1540 represents a groove.

[0114] Figure 16 Another example gasket is shown that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors. Figure 16 Reference numerals include: 1600 represents an example gasket that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors; 1620 represents a lower convex corner; 1625 represents a notch; 1630 represents an inner peripheral surface; 1635 represents an upper edge; and 1640 represents an upper convex corner.

[0115] Of course, in addition to the multi-convex corner retainer shown in Figure 9 , the above-mentioned materials for the O-ring shown in Figure 12 may also be used for the retainers and gaskets shown in Figure 8 , 10 , 11 and 13 to 16, if desired.

[0116] Figure 17A An example outlet is shown that can have a circumferential groove in its inner bore. Figure 17A Reference numerals include: 1700 represents an outlet that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having push-in connectors; 1710 represents an upper notch; 1720 represents a lower notch; and 1730 represents an inner peripheral surface.

[0117] Figure 17B A cross-sectional view of the outlet shown in Figure 17A is shown along section line 17A-17A to more clearly show the circumferential groove. Figure 17BReference numerals include: 1700 indicates an outlet that can be used with the fire sprinkler of the present invention having a push-in fitting; 1710 indicates an upper notch; 1720 indicates a lower notch; 1730 indicates an inner peripheral surface; and 1740 indicates an inlet.

[0118] While the present invention has been described with reference to what are presently considered to be the preferred examples, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed examples. To the contrary, the invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fire sprinkler having a push-in connection, the fire sprinkler comprising: a sprinkler frame having a plurality of slots; an operating element; a sealing cap covering the operating element; at least one sealing washer, wherein each of the at least one sealing washer is at least partially located within one of the plurality of slots in the sprinkler frame; and a retainer, wherein the retainer is also at least partially located within one of the plurality of slots in the sprinkler frame and engages an inner bore of a solder outlet or mechanical outlet when the sprinkler is installed in the solder outlet or mechanical outlet; wherein: the retainer is a spring mechanism such that when the sprinkler is inserted into the inner bore of the solder outlet or mechanical outlet, the diameter of the retainer decreases and the retainer maintains pressure against the inner bore of the solder outlet or mechanical outlet when the sprinkler is installed in the solder outlet or mechanical outlet.

2. The fire protection sprinkler of claim 1, wherein: The at least one washer seals against the inner bore of the solder outlet or mechanical outlet when the sprinkler is installed in the solder outlet or mechanical outlet.

3. The fire protection sprinkler of claim 1, wherein: To provide a form fit connection between the retainer and the solder outlet or mechanical outlet, the solder outlet or mechanical outlet has a circumferential groove in its inner bore such that when the sprinkler is installed on the solder outlet or mechanical outlet, the retainer is at least partially located within the slot in the sprinkler frame and the slot in the solder outlet or mechanical outlet.

4. The fire protection sprinkler of claim 1, wherein: The sprinkler is removed from the solder outlet or mechanical outlet by compressing the retainer so that the retainer is smaller than the diameter of the inner bore of the solder outlet or mechanical outlet, thereby enabling the sprinkler to be pulled out of the solder outlet or mechanical outlet.

5. A fire sprinkler having a push-in connection for connection with a fluid supply conduit, the fluid supply conduit having a solder outlet or mechanical outlet having an inner bore with an internal circumferential groove, the fire sprinkler comprising: a sprinkler frame having an input end and an output end and a plurality of slots at the input end; an operating element having a frangible element designed to break at a predetermined temperature, thereby enabling fluid to flow from the fluid supply conduit to the output end of the sprinkler frame; a sealing cap covering the operating element; at least one sealing washer, wherein each of the at least one sealing washer is at least partially located within a respective one of the plurality of slots in the sprinkler frame; and a retainer also at least partially located within a respective one of the plurality of slots in the sprinkler frame, the retainer engaging the internal circumferential groove of the inner bore of the solder outlet or mechanical outlet of the fluid supply conduit when the fire sprinkler is connected with the fluid supply conduit, wherein the at least one sealing washer seals against the inner bore of the solder outlet or mechanical outlet when the fire sprinkler is inserted into the fluid supply conduit for connection with the fluid supply conduit. wherein: said retainer is a spring mechanism having a diameter that decreases when said fire sprinkler is inserted into said welded or mechanical outlet's inner bore, and expands to maintain pressure against said welded or mechanical outlet's inner bore when said fire sprinkler is installed in said inner bore.

6. The fire sprinkler of claim 5, wherein: said at least one sealing gasket is a pressure sealing gasket having one or more sealing ribs.

7. The fire sprinkler of claim 5, wherein: said retainer is at least partially located in said corresponding slot in said sprinkler frame and said inner circumferential groove in said welded or mechanical outlet's inner bore when said fire sprinkler is installed in said welded or mechanical outlet's inner bore, to maintain a form fit connection between said fire sprinkler and said welded or mechanical outlet's inner bore.

8. The fire sprinkler of claim 5, wherein: said fire sprinkler is removed from said inner circumferential groove of said welded or mechanical outlet's inner bore by compressing said retainer so that said retainer's diameter is decreased to be smaller than said welded or mechanical outlet's inner bore's diameter, to enable said fire sprinkler to be pulled out of said welded or mechanical outlet's inner bore, to remove said fire sprinkler.

9. The fire sprinkler of claim 5, wherein: said at least one sealing gasket has one or more lobes, each lobe comprising a sealing lobe, a notch, and an inner peripheral surface.

10. The fire protection sprinkler of claim 9, wherein: one side of each rib is in contact with said welded or mechanical outlet's inner bore of said fluid supply conduit, and the other side of each rib is exposed to water or air within said fluid supply conduit when said fire sprinkler is installed in said inner bore.

11. The fire protection sprinkler of claim 10, wherein: said water or air contained within said fluid supply conduit pressurizes, said water or air pressing corresponding sealing ribs against said welded or mechanical outlet's inner bore, to improve the sealing of said fire sprinkler.

12. The fire sprinkler of claim 5, wherein: said retainer is a multi-lobe retainer spring mechanism.

13. The fire protection sprinkler of claim 12, wherein: said multi-lobe retainer spring mechanism has a depending leg, an arcuate segment, and an abutting arcuate segment.

14. The fire protection sprinkler of claim 12, wherein: said multi-lobe retainer spring mechanism is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: stainless steel, piano wire, cold drawn wire, oil quenched wire, brass.

15. The fire sprinkler of claim 5, wherein: said retainer is elliptical, and has an inner peripheral surface, an upper edge, and a recessed groove.

16. The fire sprinkler of claim 5, wherein: said at least one sealing gasket is an O-ring made of synthetic rubber or thermoset plastic selected from the group consisting of: butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, epichlorohydrin rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer, ethylene propylene rubber, fluoroelastomer, nitrile rubber, perfluoroelastomer, polyacrylate rubber, polychloroprene, polyisoprene, polysulfide rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, Sanifluor, silicone rubber.

17. The fire sprinkler of claim 5, wherein: said at least one sealing gasket is an O-ring made of thermoplastic selected from the group consisting of: thermoplastic elastomer styrene, thermoplastic polyolefin LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, ULDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane polyether or polyester, thermoplastic ether ester elastomer copolyester, thermoplastic polyamide, melt processable rubber, and thermoplastic vulcanized rubber.

18. The fire sprinkler of claim 5, wherein: The at least one sealing gasket is a grooved gasket having an inner peripheral surface, an outer peripheral surface, and a groove. The at least one sealing gasket is a grooved gasket having an inner peripheral surface, an outer peripheral surface, and a groove.

Images