A monitoring system for preventing spontaneous combustion of an open-pit mine and a prevention method thereof

Abstract

This invention provides a monitoring system and method for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines. The monitoring system includes a single-point layout structure and a terminal structure. The single-point layout structure includes a mineral base layer and multiple sleeve structures inserted inside the mineral base layer. These sleeve structures are connected in series using connectors. The sleeve structures monitor the temperature of the mineral base layer and cool it down. The terminal structure is connected to the single-point layout structure and receives temperature change signals from the mineral base layer, issuing corresponding control commands to control the temperature of the mineral base layer based on these signals. This invention's monitoring system and method for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines uses real-time temperature change sensing to control the cooling of the mineral base layer, offering wide applicability and convenient control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of auxiliary equipment technology in mining areas, and in particular to a monitoring system and method for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines. Background Technology

[0002] Open-pit mining involves stripping away the topsoil and surrounding rock covering the ore body, transporting the waste rock to a spoil heap, and directly extracting ore from the exposed ore body. When the ore body is shallow or has an outcrop, open-pit mining is superior to underground mining. The process of stripping away the topsoil and rock is called stripping, and the ratio of stripped rock and rock to extracted ore is called the stripping ratio. Open-pit mining with an excessively high stripping ratio results in high costs. For some ores with flammable properties, such as coal, prolonged exposure to sunlight or the ore's own oxidation and heat accumulation can lead to spontaneous combustion, causing significant economic losses. Therefore, preventing spontaneous combustion of ore is a crucial method.

[0003] Currently, the methods used are the barrier method and the water injection method. The barrier method involves coating the surface of the open-pit mine that is in contact with air with a layer of poor oxidizing agent to isolate the air from the mineral. However, this also increases the heat released by oxidation inside the mineral, which can cause spontaneous combustion. The water injection method requires injecting a large amount of cooling water, and the process is only for minerals that have already caught fire. While injecting water to cool the minerals, bulldozers are also needed to move the burning minerals, which is time-consuming and inefficient, making it difficult to quickly control the fire. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art, and provides a monitoring system and method for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines.

[0005] In view of this, according to one aspect of the present invention, a monitoring system for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines is provided, comprising:

[0006] A single-point layout structure includes a mineral base layer and multiple sleeve structures inserted inside the mineral base layer; wherein the multiple sleeve structures are connected in series by connectors; the sleeve structures are used to monitor the temperature of the mineral base layer and to cool the mineral base layer; and

[0007] The terminal structure, which is connected to the single-point layout structure, is used to receive the temperature change signal of the mineral base layer and make corresponding control commands to control the temperature of the mineral base layer according to the temperature change signal.

[0008] In some embodiments, the sleeve structure includes an in-ground sleeve, a connection port, a central partition, a vent, and a monitoring element;

[0009] One end of the underground sleeve is inserted into the mineral base layer, and the underground sleeve inserted into the mineral base layer is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes;

[0010] The central partition extends vertically along the axial direction of the grounding sleeve and is disposed inside the grounding sleeve, with a gap between the bottom of the central partition and the bottom of the grounding sleeve.

[0011] The other end of the underground sleeve is located outside the mineral base layer, and at least two connection ports are provided thereon; the two connection ports are distributed on both sides of the central partition; the connection ports are connected to the connector.

[0012] The monitoring device is installed inside the grounding sleeve and is used to monitor the temperature inside the grounding sleeve.

[0013] In some embodiments, the connection port is located below the top of the central partition.

[0014] In some embodiments, the monitoring element includes a sensor, a signal converter, and a sealing sleeve; wherein one end of the sealing sleeve is connected to one end of the ground-entry sleeve located outside the mineral base layer; the signal converter is disposed inside the sealing sleeve; the sensor is disposed below the sealing sleeve, with one end connected to the sealing sleeve and the other end extending along the central partition.

[0015] In some embodiments, the upper surface of the mineral base layer is coated with a diaphragm coating.

[0016] In some embodiments, a sealing gasket is provided around the outside of the grounding sleeve; one end of the sealing gasket extends into the mineral base layer, and the other end is located outside the mineral base layer and below the connection port, at the junction of the grounding sleeve and the mineral base layer; the diaphragm coating covers the sealing gasket.

[0017] In some embodiments, the outer wall of the underground sleeve located within the mineral base layer is provided with an underground spiral blade; a plurality of the ventilation holes are evenly distributed along the thread line of the underground spiral blade.

[0018] In some embodiments, the terminal structure includes:

[0019] An air-cooling device, used to supply cold air into the mineral base layer;

[0020] A liquid cooling device for supplying coolant into the mineral matrix; and

[0021] The processor is connected to the air-cooling device, the liquid-cooling device, and the signal converter respectively; wherein the processor issues instructions to the air-cooling device or the liquid-cooling device to output cold air or cold liquid according to the temperature change signal sent by the signal converter.

[0022] In some embodiments, the liquid cooling device includes a first liquid cooling component, a second liquid cooling component, and a liquid pump device; the output ends of the first liquid cooling component and the second liquid cooling component are respectively connected to the input end of the liquid pump device, and the output end of the liquid pump device is connected to the output end of the air cooling device; the output end of the air cooling device is connected to the single-point layout structure.

[0023] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines is provided, characterized in that the monitoring system described in any of the above embodiments is used to prevent spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines, and the steps are as follows:

[0024] Assemble the monitoring system;

[0025] Multiple temperature ranges can be set by the processor, including at least the first temperature range of 90-120°, the second temperature range of 150-200° and the third temperature range of 250-300°.

[0026] The sensor monitors the temperature inside the underground sleeve, and the processor issues a command to output cold air or coolant based on the temperature change signal inside the underground sleeve. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a monitoring system for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines, as proposed in this invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a split diagram of a single-point layout structure of a monitoring system for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines, as proposed in this invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the underground sleeve component of a monitoring system for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines, as proposed in this invention.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the underground sleeve component of a monitoring system for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines, as proposed in this invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the terminal structure component of a monitoring system for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines, as proposed in this invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the blower structure and wind direction of a monitoring system for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines, as proposed in this invention.

[0034] Figure Labels

[0035] 1. Mineral base layer; 2. Ground sleeve; 3. Connecting hose; 4. Diaphragm coating; 5. Booster pump; 6. Processor; 7. First water tank; 8. Sealing gasket; 9. Ground spiral blade; 10. Sealing sleeve; 11. Vent hole; 12. Signal converter; 13. Temperature sensor; 14. Connection port; 15. Central partition; 16. Blower; 17. Air outlet connection end; 18. Water outlet pipe; 19. First water inlet pipe; 20. Second water inlet pipe; 21. Second water tank. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other.

[0037] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figures 1-6 According to one aspect of the present invention, a monitoring system for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines is provided, comprising a single-point layout structure and a terminal structure.

[0040] The single-point layout structure includes a mineral base layer 1 and multiple sleeve structures inserted inside the mineral base layer 1. Installation holes can be drilled into the mineral base layer 1 at equal intervals, and then the sleeve structure can be installed in each installation hole. The installation position and depth of each sleeve structure can be freely selected according to the actual situation. In this way, the entire open-pit mine can be monitored in real time by using a point-to-surface method. It can be applied to open-pit mines of various specifications.

[0041] Multiple sleeve structures are connected in series using connectors, optionally using flexible connecting hoses 3, to sequentially connect the sleeve structures. The sleeve structures are used to monitor the temperature of the mineral base layer 1 and to cool it down; while the terminal structure is connected to the single-point layout structure to receive temperature change signals from the mineral base layer 1 and to issue corresponding control commands based on the temperature change signals to control the temperature of the mineral base layer 1.

[0042] The monitoring system for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines proposed in this invention uses multiple sleeve structures to sense the accumulated heat at different locations inside the mineral base layer 1 of the open-pit mine. By collecting the temperature at different locations inside the mineral base layer 1, the terminal structure uses the temperature change signal inside the mineral base layer 1 to control the cooling method of the entire system. This can cool down different locations inside the mineral base layer 1, thereby preventing spontaneous combustion. Furthermore, when spontaneous combustion may occur after reaching the maximum critical temperature, flame retardant liquid can be injected to prevent combustion inside the mineral base layer 1.

[0043] In some embodiments, the sleeve structure includes an underground sleeve 2, connecting ports 14, a central partition 15, vent holes 11, and a monitoring component; one end of the underground sleeve 2 is inserted into the mineral base layer 1, and a plurality of vent holes 11 are provided on the underground sleeve 2 inserted into the mineral base layer 1; the central partition 15 extends vertically along the axial direction of the underground sleeve 2 and is arranged inside the underground sleeve 2, and there is a gap between the bottom of the central partition 15 and the bottom of the underground sleeve 2; the other end of the underground sleeve 2 is located outside the mineral base layer 1, and at least two connecting ports 14 are provided thereon; the two connecting ports 14 are distributed on both sides of the central partition 15; the connecting ports 14 are connected to the connecting component; the monitoring component is arranged inside the underground sleeve 2 for monitoring the temperature inside the underground sleeve 2.

[0044] For ease of understanding, let's take the case where the axial direction of the underground sleeve 2 is consistent with the vertical direction as an example, specifically as follows: Figure 3 The embodiments are illustrated below.

[0045] Specific examples Figure 3 and Figure 4 One end of the underground sleeve 2 is inserted into the mineral base layer 1, and the other end is exposed outside the mineral base layer 1. The underground sleeve 2 located inside the mineral base layer 1 is provided with multiple vent holes 11. The vent holes 11 are used to distribute the cold air or cold liquid inside the underground sleeve 2 more evenly into the mineral base layer 1 centered on the underground sleeve 2. The underground sleeve 2 exposed outside the mineral base layer 1 is provided with at least two connection ports 14, which are used to connect to another underground sleeve 2 or to the terminal structure through the connecting hose 3.

[0046] A central baffle 15 is provided inside the underground sleeve 2, and two connection ports 14 are distributed on both sides of the central baffle 15. Advantageously, the connection ports 14 are located below the top of the central baffle 15. The central baffle 15 extends vertically in the vertical direction, dividing the internal space of the underground sleeve 2 into two parts, but there is a gap between the bottom of the central baffle 15 and the bottom of the underground sleeve 2. In this embodiment, the central baffle 15 is arranged so that cold air or cold liquid first enters one side of the underground sleeve 2 through one connection port 14, and the cold air or cold liquid that has filled one side of the underground sleeve 2 flows into the other side of the underground sleeve 2 through the gap between the bottom of the central baffle 15 and the bottom of the underground sleeve 2. Finally, it flows out of the underground sleeve 2 through the other connection port 14 and then into the next underground sleeve 2.

[0047] Optionally, the monitoring element is installed inside the grounding sleeve 2 to monitor the temperature inside the grounding sleeve 2.

[0048] Specifically, such as Figure 4 The monitoring device includes a sensor and a signal converter 12, wherein the sensor is a temperature sensor 13 for monitoring the temperature inside the sleeve; the signal converter 12 is connected to the sensor for converting the temperature into a change signal that can be recognized by the terminal structure.

[0049] Optionally, the monitoring component also includes a sealing sleeve 10, one end of which is connected to one end of the ground-entry sleeve 2 located outside the mineral base layer 1. Optionally, one end of the sealing sleeve 10 can be screwed into the interior of one end of the ground-entry sleeve 2 located outside the mineral base layer 1 via threads, thereby sealing the ground-entry sleeve 2 and providing support and space for the installation of the sensor and signal converter 12. For example, the signal converter 12 is disposed inside the sealing sleeve 10; one end of the sensor is connected to the sealing sleeve 10 and located below the sealing sleeve 10, and the other end of the sensor extends along the central partition 15 and is fixed to the central partition 15.

[0050] In some embodiments, a diaphragm coating 4 is laid on the upper surface of the mineral base layer 1.

[0051] Understandably, the diaphragm coating 4 is a diaphragm with poor oxidizing properties, thereby isolating the air from contact with the mineral and preventing the mineral base layer 1 from spontaneously combusting upon contact with oxygen in the air.

[0052] Furthermore, to completely prevent the mineral base layer 1 from spontaneously combusting upon contact with oxygen in the air, a sealing gasket 8 can be installed around the outside of the underground sleeve 2. One end of the sealing gasket 8 extends into the mineral base layer 1, while the other end is located outside the mineral base layer 1 and below the connection port 14, at the junction of the underground sleeve 2 and the mineral base layer 1, thus completely sealing the gap at the intersection of the underground sleeve 2 and the mineral base layer 1. Advantageously, a diaphragm coating 4 can be applied over the sealing gasket 8 to achieve an absolute seal on the underground sleeve 2.

[0053] In some embodiments, the outer wall of the underground sleeve 2 located in the mineral base layer 1 is provided with an underground spiral blade 9; a plurality of vent holes 11 are evenly distributed along the thread line of the underground spiral blade 9.

[0054] Specific examples Figures 2-4 The outer wall of the underground sleeve 2 located in the mineral base layer 1 is provided with an underground spiral blade 9, which can facilitate the insertion of the underground sleeve 2 into the mineral base layer 1. Multiple vent holes 11 are evenly distributed along the thread line of the underground spiral blade 9, which can better achieve the more uniform dispersion of cold air or cold liquid in the underground sleeve 2 into the mineral base layer 1.

[0055] In some embodiments, the terminal structure includes an air-cooling device, a liquid-cooling device, and a processor 6; wherein the air-cooling device is used to output cold air into the mineral base layer 1; the liquid-cooling device is used to output cold liquid into the mineral base layer 1; the processor 6 is connected to the air-cooling device, the liquid-cooling device, and the signal converter 12 respectively; wherein the processor 6 issues instructions to the air-cooling device or the liquid-cooling device to output cold air or output cold liquid according to the temperature change signal sent by the signal converter 12.

[0056] Specific examples Figure 1 and Figure 5 The air-cooling device includes a blower 16 and an air outlet connection end 17 located at the output end of the blower 16. The air outlet of the blower 16 is oriented from top to bottom. The air outlet connection end 17 is connected to a connection port 14 on the ground sleeve 2 via a connecting hose 3. Another connection port 14 on the ground sleeve 2 is connected to a connection port 14 on the next ground sleeve 2 via a connecting hose 3. This allows cold air to be sent into the ground sleeve 2 and diffused into the mineral base layer 1 through the ground sleeve, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling the mineral base layer 1.

[0057] The liquid cooling device includes a first liquid cooling component, a second liquid cooling component, and a liquid pump device. The output ends of the first and second liquid cooling components are respectively connected to the input end of the liquid pump device, and the output end of the liquid pump device is connected to the output end of the air cooling device in a single-point layout structure. Specifically, the first liquid cooling component includes a first water tank 7 and a first water inlet pipe 19, and the first water tank 7 can store cooling water; the second liquid cooling component includes a second water tank 21 and a second water inlet pipe 20, and the second water tank 21 can store flame retardant liquid; the liquid pump device is a booster pump 5, and the input end of the booster pump 5 is connected to the output ends of the first water tank 7 and the second water tank 21 through the first water inlet pipe 19 and the second water inlet pipe 20, respectively, and the output end of the booster pump 5 is fixedly installed with an outlet pipe 18.

[0058] The water outlet pipe 18 and the air vent connection end 17 are respectively connected to a connection port 14 on the ground sleeve 2 via a connecting hose 3, which is advantageous, such as... Figure 6As shown, the end of the water outlet pipe 18 can be connected to the air outlet connection end 17. The air outlet connection end 17 can be connected to a connection port 14 on the ground sleeve 2 through the connecting hose 3. The output ends of the air-cooled device and the liquid-cooled device can be combined, reducing investment. After the liquid-cooled device finishes outputting cold liquid, cold air can be output again to discharge the cold liquid in the connecting hose 3 and purify the connecting hose 3.

[0059] For example, the assembly method of the monitoring system is as follows: drilling mounting holes at equal intervals in the mineral base layer 1, then installing the grounding sleeve 2 in each mounting hole, keeping the grounding spiral blade 9 inside the mineral base layer 1, installing the sealing gasket 8 at the intersection of the grounding sleeve 2 and the mineral base layer 1, and finally laying the diaphragm coating 4 on the upper surface of the mineral base layer 1; connecting the connecting hose 3 to the connecting port 14 on each grounding sleeve 2, keeping each grounding sleeve 2 in series, and then connecting one of the connecting hoses 3 at the end position to the air outlet connecting end 17. The processor 6 and the signal converter 12 are connected wirelessly; the processor 6, the booster pump 5, and the blower 16 are also connected wirelessly.

[0060] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines is provided, characterized in that the prevention of spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines is carried out using the monitoring system in any of the above embodiments, and the steps are as follows:

[0061] Assemble the monitoring system;

[0062] The processor 6 sets multiple temperature ranges, including a first temperature range of 90-120°, a second temperature range of 150-200°, and a third temperature range of 250-300°.

[0063] Each sensor is used to sense the temperature inside each underground sleeve 2 in real time. Temperature sensor 13 is connected to signal converter 12. Signal converter 12 converts the temperature collected by temperature sensor 13 into a temperature change signal and sends the temperature change signal to processor 6. Processor 6 issues an instruction to output cold air or cold liquid according to the temperature change signal sent by signal converter 12.

[0064] The assembly method of the monitoring system is the same as described above and will not be repeated here.

[0065] Specifically, in the initial state, the processor 6 sets multiple temperature ranges, including a first temperature range of 90-120°, a second temperature range of 150-200°, and a third temperature range of 250-300°.

[0066] When the temperature inside any of the underground sleeves 2 reaches the first temperature range of 90-120°C, the blower 16 starts, injecting cold air into each underground sleeve 2 through the connecting hose 3. The cold air enters through one of the connecting ports 14, gradually moves downwards, then returns to the other connecting port 14 along the gap between the central partition 15 and the lower end of the underground sleeve 2, and is discharged into the next underground sleeve 2, thus performing the air intake cooling stage. When the temperature reaches the second temperature range of 150-200°C, the booster pump 5 starts, drawing cooling water from the first water tank 7 into the outlet pipe 18, which then enters the underground sleeve 2 along with the blower 16 and the connecting hose 3, repeating the above steps. Step 2 is repeated; when the temperature reaches the third temperature range of 250-300°C, the booster pump 5 is started to draw the flame retardant liquid in the second water tank 21 into the outlet pipe 18, and then into the grounding sleeve 2 along with the blower 16 and the connecting hose 3. Step 2 is repeated again. When spontaneous combustion is about to occur inside the mineral base layer 1, the flame retardant is used to prevent combustion. The flame retardant liquid adheres to the inside of the mineral base layer 1 to prevent spontaneous combustion. After the above process is completed, the booster pump 5 is started again to draw the cooling water in the first water tank 7 into the outlet pipe 18, and then into the grounding sleeve 2 along with the blower 16 and the connecting hose 3 to clean the inside of the mineral base layer 1.

[0067] It should be noted that when the temperature inside the ground sleeve 2 is decreasing and is less than 150°C but greater than 120°C, the booster pump 5 is in a stopped state; when the temperature inside the ground sleeve 2 is decreasing and is less than 90°C, the blower 16 stops running.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present invention, multiple underground sleeves 2 can be in a group, and the underground sleeves 2 in a group are connected in series to the air outlet connection end 17. Multiple groups of underground sleeves 2 can achieve cooling treatment in different areas within the mineral base layer 1, which is more flexible than all underground sleeves 2 being connected in series and then connected to the air outlet connection end 17.

[0069] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0070] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0071] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0072] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0073] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "embodiment," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0074] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring system for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines, characterized in that, include: A single-point layout structure includes a mineral base layer and multiple sleeve structures inserted inside the mineral base layer; wherein the upper surface of the mineral base layer is covered with a diaphragm coating; the multiple sleeve structures are connected in series by connectors; the sleeve structures are used to monitor the temperature of the mineral base layer and to cool the mineral base layer; the sleeve structure includes an in-ground sleeve, a connection port, a central partition, a vent hole, and a monitoring element; One end of the underground sleeve is inserted into the mineral base layer, and multiple ventilation holes are provided on the underground sleeve inserted into the mineral base layer; multiple underground sleeves form a group, and the underground sleeves in a group are connected in series to the air outlet connection end; multiple groups of underground sleeves can achieve cooling treatment for different areas in the mineral base layer; The central partition extends vertically along the axial direction of the grounding sleeve and is disposed inside the grounding sleeve, with a gap between the bottom of the central partition and the bottom of the grounding sleeve. The other end of the underground sleeve is located outside the mineral base layer, and at least two connection ports are provided thereon; the two connection ports are distributed on both sides of the central partition and located below the top of the central partition; the connection ports are connected to the connector. The monitoring element is disposed inside the underground sleeve and is used to monitor the temperature inside the underground sleeve; the monitoring element includes a sensor, a signal converter, and a sealing sleeve; wherein one end of the sealing sleeve is connected to one end of the underground sleeve located outside the mineral base layer; the signal converter is disposed inside the sealing sleeve; the sensor is disposed below the sealing sleeve, one end of which is connected to the sealing sleeve, and the other end extends along the central partition; and A terminal structure, connected to the single-point layout structure, is used to receive temperature change signals from the mineral substrate and to issue corresponding control commands based on the temperature change signals to control the temperature of the mineral substrate; the terminal structure includes: An air-cooling device, used to supply cold air into the mineral base layer; A liquid cooling device for supplying coolant into the mineral substrate; the liquid cooling device includes a first liquid cooling component, a second liquid cooling component, and a liquid pump device; the output ends of the first liquid cooling component and the second liquid cooling component are respectively connected to the input end of the liquid pump device, and the output end of the liquid pump device is connected to the output end of an air-cooling device; the output end of the air-cooling device is connected to an air outlet connection end; and The processor is connected to the air-cooling device, the liquid-cooling device, and the signal converter respectively; wherein the processor issues instructions to the air-cooling device or the liquid-cooling device to output cold air or cold liquid according to the temperature change signal sent by the signal converter.

2. The monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sealing gasket is provided around the outside of the underground sleeve; one end of the sealing gasket extends into the mineral base layer, and the other end is located outside the mineral base layer and below the connection port, at the junction of the underground sleeve and the mineral base layer; the diaphragm coating covers the sealing gasket.

3. The monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the underground sleeve located within the mineral base layer is provided with an underground spiral blade; a plurality of the ventilation holes are evenly distributed along the thread line of the underground spiral blade.

4. A method for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines, characterized in that, The steps for preventing spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines using the monitoring system described in any one of claims 1-3 are as follows: Assemble the monitoring system; Multiple temperature ranges can be set by the processor, including at least the first temperature range of 90-120°, the second temperature range of 150-200° and the third temperature range of 250-300°. The sensor monitors the temperature inside the underground sleeve, and the processor issues a command to output cold air or coolant based on the temperature change signal inside the underground sleeve.

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