Anode temperature and humidity control device for fuel cell and fuel cell

Abstract

The present invention provides an anode temperature and humidity control device for a fuel cell and a fuel cell. The anode temperature and humidity control device comprises an outlet water separation unit, a cold end refrigeration unit, a secondary water separation unit, a thermoelectric unit and a hot end heat dissipation unit; the outlet water separation unit comprises a hydrogen side outlet manifold interface for communicating with a hydrogen side outlet manifold of a fuel cell and an outlet water separation baffle; the cold end refrigeration unit is arranged above the outlet water separation unit and communicated with the outlet water separation unit to cool the airflow from the outlet water separation unit; the secondary water separation unit is arranged downstream of the cold end refrigeration unit and has a water separation baffle to perform gas-liquid separation on the airflow from the cold end refrigeration unit; the hot end heat dissipation unit is arranged downstream of the secondary water separation unit and has an air outlet for heating the airflow from the secondary water separation unit; the cold end of the thermoelectric unit faces the cold end refrigeration unit to provide cold energy therefor, and the hot end faces the hot end heat dissipation unit to provide heat energy therefor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to an anode temperature and humidity control device for a fuel cell and a fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] The hydrothermal management of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is one of the key factors affecting the operation of the fuel cell system. The product of the electrochemical reaction in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is water, which needs to be discharged in a timely manner. At the same time, the proton exchange membrane can only effectively transmit protons in a certain hydration state. The hydrothermal control of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is prone to failure modes such as "dry membrane" and "wet membrane".

[0003] The water and heat management of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is also a difficult point in the control of the fuel cell system. The upper temperature limit allowed by the current proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is about 90°C, and the lower temperature limit is a low-temperature cold start environment, which usually needs to be successfully started below minus 30°C. Water working in this temperature range may exist in the form of "vapor", "liquid", "solid" and other states. Local areas may exist in the form of a mixture of "liquid" and "vapor", and are affected by parameters such as temperature and pressure. The existence form of water transforms between different phase states. Due to the huge difference in density between the gas phase and the liquid phase of water, different liquid water contents directly affect the gas flow state. Severe accumulation of liquid water will block the gas transmission channel and affect the normal operation of the system.

[0004] The anode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is usually equipped with a hydrogen reflux system, that is, the hydrogen flow out of the stack can be driven by a hydrogen circulation pump (or ejector) to flow back to the hydrogen inlet pipeline, mix with the newly supplied hydrogen, and then enter the stack. If the liquid water in the hydrogen flow out of the stack is not separated in time, the hydrogen reflux pipeline will bring it back to the inlet of the stack, which will affect the operating humidity control of the stack, and in severe cases, it will cause water blockage inside the stack. In order to remove the liquid water contained in the hydrogen flow out of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a gas-liquid separation structure or device (also called a "water separator") is usually provided at the hydrogen outlet of the stack.

[0005] Commonly used gas-liquid separation devices can be divided into centrifugal, inertial force / gravity separation, filter element type and other forms. Among them, the inertial force / gravity gas-liquid separation device mainly utilizes the difference in density characteristics of the gas phase and the liquid phase in the separated gas-liquid mixture. During the flow process in the gas-liquid separation device, the gas phase and the liquid phase have different flow trajectories under the action of inertial force and gravity, forming gas aggregation areas and liquid aggregation areas. The inertial / gravity gas-liquid separation device does not require additional driving energy, has low flow loss, is not easy to clog, has a low risk of freezing, and has a high degree of operational reliability. However, since the design of the inertial / gravity gas-liquid separation device mainly relies on the inertial force and gravity of the fluid to achieve gas-liquid separation, the separation efficiency of droplets with a particle size greater than 10 microns is very high. Since the droplets flow synchronously with the airflow, it is difficult to achieve gas-liquid separation for particles with a size below 5 microns.

[0006] Furthermore, even if the gas-liquid separation structure or device at the outlet of the hydrogen side of the stack has well separated the liquid water droplets, it is still difficult to avoid the downstream gaseous water vapor from condensing into liquid water again. First, the temperature of the hydrogen flow out of the stack on the hydrogen side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is generally 60-90°C, which is significantly higher than the ambient temperature. The hydrogen flow out of the stack will dissipate heat to the environment through the wall during the flow along the return pipeline, and the temperature will gradually decrease. In particular, the structure of the hydrogen circulation pump (or ejector) is mostly metal parts with large thermal conductivity and thermal inertia, which causes the temperature of the hydrogen mixture flowing through to drop significantly. Secondly, for automotive fuel cells, hydrogen is stored in hydrogen bottles, and the gas supply temperature is close to the ambient temperature. The temperature of the refluxed hydrogen mixture is reduced after mixing with the freshly supplied hydrogen, and the gaseous water contained in the mixture is cooled and precipitated into liquid water. Thirdly, the pressure on the hydrogen side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is adjusted instantaneously according to its operating conditions, and the pressure at different positions on the hydrogen side is also different, which will also produce liquid water. For example, after the hydrogen gas flow out of the stack is pressurized by the hydrogen circulation pump (or ejector), the pressure increases, the ability of the gas to carry water vapor decreases, and part of the water vapor is converted into liquid droplets. In short, simply setting a gas-liquid separation structure / device at the outlet of the hydrogen gas side of the fuel cell stack is difficult to avoid the situation where condensed liquid water flows back into the fuel cell stack.

[0007] In addition, the operating conditions and environmental conditions of automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cells are always in an instantaneous change process, especially in low-temperature environments and the startup and warm-up process of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. The gas-liquid separation and temperature and humidity control on the anode side (hydrogen side) of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell have a more prominent impact on the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and there is an urgent need to provide effective solutions.

[0008] In order to alleviate the impact of liquid water entering the fuel cell stack, patents US7163760B2 and US2018 / 0342744A1 add a bypass unit inside the fuel cell stack to divert the liquid water. Its main feature is to add a hydrogen path bypass unit close to the end plate on the inner side of the fuel cell stack, and a flow channel connecting the hydrogen inlet chamber and the outlet chamber is provided in the bypass unit. After entering the stack, the hydrogen side mixture will first flow through the bypass unit, and some of the liquid water entering the stack will flow to the hydrogen outlet chamber through the bypass channel and be discharged from the fuel cell stack, thereby reducing the risk of liquid water entering the normal reaction unit downstream of the bypass unit.

[0009] In summary, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is usually equipped with a gas-liquid separation structure or device at the outlet of the hydrogen side of the stack, but this can hardly prevent the condensed water downstream from entering the stack, causing the fuel cell performance to be unstable, and in severe cases, triggering the single-chip low voltage protection of the fuel cell. Especially for low-temperature environments and the warm-up process of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, the impact of liquid water on the stack performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is more prominent. Although adding a bypass unit inside the stack can alleviate the risk of its downstream normal reaction unit being affected by liquid water, adding a bypass unit will increase the length of the stack, affect the internal sealing reliability and contact pressure distribution of the stack, and even affect the overall performance of the stack. In addition, such a solution also has the defects of many implementation influencing variables and difficulty in adaptation and adjustment. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to address the defects in the prior art and provide an anode temperature and humidity control device and a fuel cell for a fuel cell. The anode temperature and humidity control device of the present invention can effectively realize gas-liquid separation with high efficiency, and can control the temperature and humidity at the gas outlet to solve the problem of condensation during the reflux of hydrogen gas.

[0011] The objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0012] In one aspect, the present invention provides an anode temperature and humidity control device for a fuel cell, wherein the anode temperature and humidity control device comprises a stack water distribution unit, a cold end refrigeration unit, a secondary water distribution unit, a thermoelectric unit and a hot end heat dissipation unit; wherein,

[0013] The out-of-stack water separation unit is used to separate the out-of-stack hydrogen flow from the fuel cell stack into gas and liquid, and includes a hydrogen side outlet manifold interface for communicating with the hydrogen side outlet manifold of the fuel cell stack and an out-of-stack water separation baffle disposed on the top of the out-of-stack water separation unit;

[0014] The cold-end refrigeration unit is arranged above the out-of-stack water distribution unit and is in communication with the out-of-stack water distribution unit to cool the airflow from the out-of-stack water distribution unit;

[0015] The secondary water separation unit is arranged downstream of the cold end refrigeration unit and has a water separation baffle to separate gas and liquid from the airflow from the cold end refrigeration unit;

[0016] The hot end heat dissipation unit is arranged downstream of the secondary water separation unit and has an air outlet for heating the airflow from the secondary water separation unit;

[0017] The cold end of the thermoelectric unit faces the cold end refrigeration unit to provide cold energy therefor, and the hot end faces the hot end heat dissipation unit to provide heat energy therefor.

[0018] Furthermore, the anode temperature and humidity control device is an integrated structure, comprising a shell, and the stack water distribution unit, the cold end refrigeration unit, the secondary water distribution unit, the thermoelectric unit and the hot end heat dissipation unit are arranged in a chamber formed by the shell.

[0019] Furthermore, the anode temperature and humidity control device also includes a liquid storage cavity located below the outlet water distribution unit, and the liquid storage cavity has an exhaust and drainage outlet.

[0020] Furthermore, the hydrogen side outlet manifold interface is arranged on the side wall of the shell, the outlet water diversion baffle is obliquely arranged above the hydrogen side outlet manifold interface, and a gap is left between the upper end of the outlet water diversion baffle and the shell for the airflow from the outlet water diversion unit to pass through.

[0021] Furthermore, the secondary water diversion unit is arranged above the outlet water diversion baffle and has a water outlet.

[0022] Furthermore, the cold end refrigeration unit comprises a cold end base and cold end fins, the cold end fins are connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric unit via the cold end base, and a cold end airflow channel is provided between the cold end fins.

[0023] Furthermore, the hot end heat dissipation unit comprises a hot end base and hot end fins, the hot end fins are connected to the hot end of the thermoelectric unit via the hot end base, and a hot end airflow channel is provided between the hot end fins.

[0024] Furthermore, the thermoelectric unit includes a semiconductor thermoelectric block, a sealing structure for sealing the semiconductor thermoelectric block, and a semiconductor thermoelectric block wire, one end of the semiconductor thermoelectric block wire is electrically connected to the semiconductor thermoelectric block, and the other end passes through the sealing structure and extends out of the shell.

[0025] Furthermore, the anode temperature and humidity control device also includes a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature from the air outlet and a humidity sensor for detecting the humidity from the air outlet.

[0026] On the other hand, the present invention provides a fuel cell, wherein the fuel cell includes a fuel cell stack and the anode temperature and humidity control device, the fuel cell stack has a hydrogen side inlet manifold and a hydrogen side outlet manifold, the hydrogen side outlet manifold is connected to the hydrogen side outlet manifold interface, and the hydrogen side inlet manifold is connected to the outlet via the hydrogen reflux drive device.

[0027] Furthermore, the fuel cell also includes a system controller, which includes a fuel cell system controller, a thermoelectric unit current control switch and a DC power supply. The thermoelectric unit current control switch and the DC power supply form a thermoelectric unit control circuit with the thermoelectric unit via a semiconductor thermoelectric block wire. The fuel cell system controller is communicatively connected with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and the thermoelectric unit current control switch.

[0028] Furthermore, the hydrogen reflux driving device is a hydrogen circulation pump or an ejector.

[0029] Furthermore, the fuel cell includes a mixing port and a hydrogen storage device, a pressure reducing valve, a safety valve and a hydrogen control valve connected in sequence, and the hydrogen reflux driving device and the hydrogen control valve are connected to the hydrogen side inlet manifold via the mixing port.

[0030] The anode temperature and humidity control device and fuel cell of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0031] (1) The anode temperature and humidity control device of the present invention can effectively realize gas-liquid separation with high efficiency, and can control the temperature and humidity at the gas outlet to solve the problem of condensation during the reflux of hydrogen gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 It is a front view of an embodiment of the anode temperature and humidity control device for a fuel cell of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an anode temperature and humidity control device for a fuel cell of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an anode temperature and humidity control device for a fuel cell of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The AA-plane cross-sectional view of the anode temperature and humidity control device for a fuel cell shown;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a thermoelectric unit of an anode temperature and humidity control device for a fuel cell of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the framework of a fuel cell including the anode temperature and humidity control device of the present invention.

[0039] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0040] 10. Hydrogen storage device; 20. Pressure reducing valve; 30. Safety valve; 40. Hydrogen control valve; 50. Mixing port; 60. Fuel cell; 61. Hydrogen side inlet manifold; 62. Hydrogen side outlet manifold; 70. Anode temperature and humidity control device; 71. Temperature sensor; 72. Humidity sensor; 73. Outlet water distribution unit; 73a. Hydrogen side outlet manifold interface; 73b. Outlet water distribution baffle; 74. Hot end heat dissipation unit; 74a. Hot end base; 74b. Hot end fins; 74c. Hot end air flow channel; 74d. Air outlet; 75. Heat Electric unit; 75a, semiconductor thermoelectric block; 75b, sealing structure; 75c, semiconductor thermoelectric block wire; 76, cold end refrigeration unit; 76a, cold end base; 76b, cold end fin; 76c, cold end air flow channel; 77, liquid storage cavity; 77a, exhaust and drain outlet; 78, secondary water separation structure; 78a, water separation baffle; 78b, drain outlet; 80, hydrogen reflux drive device; 90, exhaust and drain valve; 101, fuel cell system controller; 102, thermoelectric unit current control switch; 103, DC power supply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0043] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps described in these embodiments, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, method and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant field may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, method and equipment should be regarded as a part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0044] In one aspect, the present invention provides an anode temperature and humidity control device for a fuel cell, wherein the anode temperature and humidity control device comprises a stack water distribution unit, a cold end refrigeration unit, a secondary water distribution unit, a thermoelectric unit and a hot end heat dissipation unit; wherein,

[0045] The out-of-stack water separation unit is used to separate the out-of-stack hydrogen flow from the fuel cell stack into gas and liquid, and includes a hydrogen side outlet manifold interface for communicating with the hydrogen side outlet manifold of the fuel cell stack and an out-of-stack water separation baffle disposed on the top of the out-of-stack water separation unit;

[0046] The cold-end refrigeration unit is arranged above the out-of-stack water distribution unit and is in communication with the out-of-stack water distribution unit to cool the airflow from the out-of-stack water distribution unit;

[0047] The secondary water separation unit is arranged downstream of the cold end refrigeration unit and has a water separation baffle to separate gas and liquid from the airflow from the cold end refrigeration unit;

[0048] The hot end heat dissipation unit is arranged downstream of the secondary water separation unit and has an air outlet for heating the airflow from the secondary water separation unit;

[0049] The cold end of the thermoelectric unit faces the cold end refrigeration unit to provide cold energy therefor, and the hot end faces the hot end heat dissipation unit to provide heat energy therefor.

[0050] Reference Figure 1-3 and Figure 6 The anode temperature and humidity control device of the present invention includes a stack water distribution unit 73, a cold end refrigeration unit 76, a secondary water distribution unit 78, a thermoelectric unit 75 and a hot end heat dissipation unit 74.

[0051] The out-of-stack water separation unit 73 is used to separate the out-of-stack hydrogen flow from the fuel cell stack 60 into gas and liquid, and includes a hydrogen side outlet manifold interface 73a for communicating with the hydrogen side outlet manifold 62 of the fuel cell stack 60 and an out-of-stack water separation baffle 73b arranged on the top of the out-of-stack water separation unit 73.

[0052] The cold end refrigeration unit 76 is arranged above the out-of-stack water separation unit 73 and communicated with the out-of-stack water separation unit 73 to cool the airflow from the out-of-stack water separation unit 73. When the airflow flows through the cold end refrigeration unit 76, the temperature is reduced and the water vapor condenses. At the same time, the condensation nuclei of small-sized liquid droplets carried in the airflow grow, which is easy for the gas-liquid separation downstream.

[0053] The secondary water separation unit 78 is disposed downstream of the cold-end refrigeration unit 76 and has a water separation baffle 78 a to separate gas from liquid in the airflow from the cold-end refrigeration unit 76 .

[0054] The hot end heat dissipation unit 74 is arranged downstream of the secondary water separation unit 78 and has an outlet 74d for heating the airflow from the secondary water separation unit 78. The hot end heat dissipation unit 74 is used to heat the airflow from the secondary water separation unit 78 to control the undersaturation of water vapor in the airflow, and avoid condensation due to heat dissipation and cooling when the airflow flows through the hydrogen return path components. The undersaturated airflow after heating flows out from the outlet 74d.

[0055] The cold end of the thermoelectric unit 75 faces the cold end refrigeration unit 76 to provide cold energy thereto, and the hot end faces the hot end heat dissipation unit 74 to provide heat energy thereto.

[0056] In the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen gas flow out of the stack 60 flows in the direction indicated by the arrow, sequentially through the water separation unit 73, the cold end refrigeration unit 76 and the secondary water separation unit 78, and in these components (units), the water content in the mixed gas out of the stack is reduced through the first gas-liquid separation, water vapor condensation and the secondary gas-liquid separation, thereby improving the gas-liquid separation efficiency; then it enters the hot end heat dissipation unit 74, and heats the gas flow after the secondary gas-liquid separation to control the undersaturation degree of water vapor in the mixed gas, thereby avoiding condensation due to heat dissipation and cooling when the gas flow flows through the hydrogen return path components. In this way, the temperature and humidity at the gas outlet are controlled, and the problem of condensation during the reflux of the hydrogen gas flow is solved.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1-3 As shown, the anode temperature and humidity control device of the present invention is an integrated structure, and the anode temperature and humidity control device includes a shell, and the stack water distribution unit 73, the cold end refrigeration unit 76, the secondary water distribution unit 78, the thermoelectric unit 75 and the hot end heat dissipation unit 74 are arranged in a chamber formed by the shell. In addition, the anode temperature and humidity control device can also be integrated with the end plate or water vapor interface of the fuel cell stack.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present invention, the anode temperature and humidity control device further includes a liquid storage cavity 77 located below the out-of-stack water separation unit 73, and the liquid storage cavity 77 has an exhaust and drainage port 77a. Large-sized droplets from the out-of-stack water separation unit 73 are collected in the liquid storage cavity 77 under the action of gravity and inertial force. In addition, an exhaust and drainage valve 90 can be provided at the exhaust and drainage port 77a, and the liquid water in the liquid storage cavity 77 can be discharged through the exhaust and drainage valve 90.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen side outlet manifold interface 73a is arranged on the side wall of the shell, the outlet water diversion baffle 73b is obliquely arranged above the hydrogen side outlet manifold interface 73a, and a gap is left between the upper end of the outlet water diversion baffle 73b and the shell for the airflow from the outlet water diversion unit 73 to pass through.

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, the secondary water separation unit 78 is disposed above the outlet water separation baffle 73b and has a water outlet 78b. The liquid water separated by the secondary water separation unit 78 is collected in the liquid storage cavity 77 through the water outlet 78b.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the cold end refrigeration unit 76 includes a cold end base 76a and cold end fins 76b, the cold end fins 76b are connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric unit 75 via the cold end base 76a, and a cold end air flow channel 76c is provided between the cold end fins 76b.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hot end heat dissipation unit 74 includes a hot end base 74a and hot end fins 74b, the hot end fins 74b are connected to the hot end of the thermoelectric unit 75 via the hot end base 74a, and a hot end air flow channel 74c is provided between the hot end fins 74b.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, the thermoelectric unit 75 includes a semiconductor thermoelectric block 75a, a sealing structure 75b for sealing it, and a semiconductor thermoelectric block wire 75c, one end of the semiconductor thermoelectric block wire 75c is electrically connected to the semiconductor thermoelectric block 75a, and the other end passes through the sealing structure 75b and extends out of the shell.

[0064] In the present invention, the working principle of the thermoelectric unit 75 is as follows: after a semiconductor chip is connected to a DC power supply, a cold end is formed due to the Peltier effect, absorbing heat from the outside, and the other end forms a hot end, dissipating heat to the outside. Such a thermoelectric unit does not use a refrigerant, nor does it have complex mechanical equipment and piping systems, and has a fast transient response and is easy to control and adjust.

[0065] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 As shown, the anode temperature and humidity control device further includes a temperature sensor 71 for detecting the temperature from the air outlet 74d and a humidity sensor 72 for detecting the humidity from the air outlet 74d.

[0066] On the other hand, Figure 6 As shown, the present invention provides a fuel cell, which includes a stack 60 and an anode temperature and humidity control device. The stack 60 has a hydrogen side inlet manifold 61 and a hydrogen side outlet manifold 62, the hydrogen side outlet manifold 62 is connected to the hydrogen side outlet manifold interface 73a, and the hydrogen side inlet manifold 61 is connected to the outlet 74d via a hydrogen reflux drive device 80.

[0067] In the present invention, the hydrogen gas outflowing from the anode passes through the hydrogen side outlet manifold 62 and enters the anode temperature and humidity control device through the hydrogen side outlet manifold interface 73a for water separation and temperature and humidity regulation. The obtained undersaturated gas flow is driven by the hydrogen reflux drive device 80, mixed with fresh hydrogen, and enters the hydrogen side inlet manifold 61 to realize the reflux of hydrogen.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell of the present invention further includes a system controller, which includes a fuel cell system controller 101, a thermoelectric unit current control switch 102 and a DC power supply 103. The thermoelectric unit current control switch 102 and the DC power supply 103 form a thermoelectric unit control circuit with the thermoelectric unit 75 via a semiconductor thermoelectric block wire 75c. The fuel cell system controller 101 is in communication with the temperature sensor 71, the humidity sensor 72 and the thermoelectric unit current control switch 102. The data collected by the temperature sensor 71 and the humidity sensor 72 are transmitted to the fuel cell system controller 101, and the fuel cell system controller 101 adjusts the switch of the thermoelectric unit current control switch 102 according to the temperature and humidity control target.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen reflux driving device 80 is a hydrogen circulation pump or an ejector.

[0070] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell includes a mixing port 50 and a hydrogen storage device 10, a pressure reducing valve 20, a safety valve 30 and a hydrogen control valve 40 connected in sequence, and the hydrogen reflux driving device 80 and the hydrogen control valve 40 are connected to the hydrogen side inlet manifold 61 via the mixing port 50. In the present invention, the hydrogen storage device 10 can be a hydrogen bottle.

[0071] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0072] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0073] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0074] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anode temperature and humidity control device for a fuel cell, characterized in that: The anode temperature and humidity control device comprises a stack water separation unit (73), a cold end refrigeration unit (76), a secondary water separation unit (78), a thermoelectric unit (75) and a hot end heat dissipation unit (74); The out-of-stack water separation unit (73) is used to separate gas and liquid from an out-of-stack hydrogen gas flow from the fuel cell stack (60), and comprises a hydrogen-side outlet manifold interface (73a) for communicating with a hydrogen-side outlet manifold (62) of the fuel cell stack (60) and an out-of-stack water separation baffle (73b) arranged on the top of the out-of-stack water separation unit (73); The cold-end refrigeration unit (76) is arranged above the out-of-stack water distribution unit (73) and is in communication with the out-of-stack water distribution unit (73) to cool the airflow from the out-of-stack water distribution unit (73); The secondary water separation unit (78) is arranged downstream of the cold end refrigeration unit (76) and has a water separation baffle (78a) to separate gas and liquid from the airflow from the cold end refrigeration unit (76); The hot end heat dissipation unit (74) is arranged downstream of the secondary water separation unit (78) and has an air outlet (74d) for heating the airflow from the secondary water separation unit (78); The cold end of the thermoelectric unit (75) faces the cold end refrigeration unit (76) to provide cold energy thereto, and the hot end faces the hot end heat dissipation unit (74) to provide heat energy thereto; The anode temperature and humidity control device is an integrated structure, comprising a shell, the stack water distribution unit (73), the cold end refrigeration unit (76), the secondary water distribution unit (78), the thermoelectric unit (75) and the hot end heat dissipation unit (74) are arranged in a chamber formed by the shell; The anode temperature and humidity control device further comprises a liquid storage cavity (77) located below the outlet water distribution unit (73), and the liquid storage cavity (77) has an exhaust and drainage port; The hydrogen side outlet manifold interface (73a) is arranged on the side wall of the shell, the outlet water separation baffle (73b) is arranged obliquely above the hydrogen side outlet manifold interface (73a), and a gap is left between the upper end of the outlet water separation baffle (73b) and the shell for the airflow from the outlet water separation unit (73) to pass through; Wherein, the secondary water separation unit (78) is arranged above the outlet water separation baffle (73b) and has a water outlet (78b).

2. The anode temperature and humidity control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold end refrigeration unit (76) comprises a cold end base (76a) and cold end fins (76b), the cold end fins (76b) are connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric unit (75) via the cold end base (76a), and a cold end airflow channel (76c) is provided between the cold end fins (76b).

3. The anode temperature and humidity control device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hot end heat dissipation unit (74) comprises a hot end base (74a) and hot end fins (74b), the hot end fins (74b) are connected to the hot end of the thermoelectric unit (75) via the hot end base (74a), and a hot end airflow channel (74c) is provided between the hot end fins (74b).

4. The anode temperature and humidity control device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thermoelectric unit (75) comprises a semiconductor thermoelectric block (75a), a sealing structure (75b) for sealing the semiconductor thermoelectric block, and a semiconductor thermoelectric block wire (75c); one end of the semiconductor thermoelectric block wire (75c) is electrically connected to the semiconductor thermoelectric block (75a), and the other end passes through the sealing structure (75b) and extends out of the shell.

5. The anode temperature and humidity control device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The anode temperature and humidity control device further comprises a temperature sensor (71) for detecting the temperature from the air outlet (74d) and a humidity sensor (72) for detecting the humidity from the air outlet (74d).

6. A fuel cell, characterized in that The fuel cell comprises a fuel cell stack (60) and an anode temperature and humidity control device as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the fuel cell stack (60) having a hydrogen side inlet manifold (61) and a hydrogen side outlet manifold (62), the hydrogen side outlet manifold (62) being connected to a hydrogen side outlet manifold interface (73a), and the hydrogen side inlet manifold (61) being connected to an outlet (74d) via a hydrogen reflux drive device (80).

7. The fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that The fuel cell also includes a system controller, which includes a fuel cell system controller (101), a thermoelectric unit current control switch (102) and a direct current power supply (103). The thermoelectric unit current control switch (102) and the direct current power supply (103) form a thermoelectric unit control circuit with the thermoelectric unit (75) via a semiconductor thermoelectric block wire (75c). The fuel cell system controller (101) is communicatively connected with a temperature sensor (71), a humidity sensor (72) and the thermoelectric unit current control switch (102).

8. The fuel cell according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The hydrogen reflux driving device (80) is a hydrogen circulation pump or an ejector; The fuel cell comprises a mixing port (50) and a hydrogen storage device (10), a pressure reducing valve (20), a safety valve (30) and a hydrogen control valve (40) connected in sequence, and the hydrogen reflux drive device (80) and the hydrogen control valve (40) are connected to the hydrogen side inlet manifold (61) via the mixing port (50).

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