Method and apparatus for beam training

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure include methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media for: establishing a communication link with a second UE, sending first information associated with a first beam configuration of a first UE to the second UE, receiving second information associated with a second beam configuration of the second UE from the second UE, and performing a beam training process by sending a certain number of reference signals to the second UE, where the number is derived from the first information associated with the first beam configuration and the second information associated with the second beam configuration.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims priority and the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 953,199, filed on November 19, 2020, titled "METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR BEAM TRAINING", which claims priority and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 939,346, filed on November 22, 2019, titled "METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR BEAM TRAINING". The contents of these U.S. patent applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication, and more particularly, to beam refinement during sidelink communication between two user equipments (UEs). Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, etc. These systems may be multi - access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of these multi - access systems include code - division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time - division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency - division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency - division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, and single - carrier frequency - division multiple access (SC - FDMA) systems.

[0005] These multi - access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the urban, national, regional, and even global levels. For example, the fifth - generation (5G) wireless communication technology (which may be referred to as New Radio (NR)) is envisioned to expand and support various use cases and application scenarios relative to current generations of mobile networks. In one aspect, 5G communication technology may include: enhanced mobile broadband for addressing human - centric use cases for accessing multimedia content, services, and data; ultra - reliable low - latency communication (URLLC) with certain specifications regarding latency and reliability; and massive machine - type communication, which may allow a large number of connected devices and transmit relatively small amounts of non - latency - sensitive information. However, as the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvement of NR communication technology and other technologies may be desirable.

[0006] In NR communication, millimeter wave technology can be used for communication between a base station (BS) and a user equipment (UE), and / or communication between two UEs. Communication between two UEs can include cellular vehicle-to-everything (C2VX) sidelink communication. Given the directional transmission mechanism associated with millimeter wave technology, one or more beam refinement processes may be required to improve transmission performance. Although beam refinement processes between a BS and a UE for millimeter wave technology are known, there is no established beam refinement process for C2VX sidelink communication. Therefore, improvements in beam refinement processes are desired. SUMMARY

[0007] A brief overview of one or more aspects is presented below to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This overview is not an exhaustive overview of all contemplated aspects and is not intended to identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor to delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0008] Aspects of the present disclosure include a method for operating: establishing a communication link with a second UE, sending first information associated with a first beam configuration of a first UE to the second UE, receiving second information associated with a second beam configuration of the second UE from the second UE, and performing a beam training process by sending a certain number of reference signals to the second UE, wherein the number is derived from the first information associated with the first beam configuration and the second information associated with the second beam configuration.

[0009] Other aspects of the present disclosure include a first UE having a memory, a transceiver, and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory and the transceiver, the memory having instructions, the one or more processors being configured to execute the instructions for: establishing a communication link with a second UE, sending first information associated with a first beam configuration of a first UE to the second UE, receiving second information associated with a second beam configuration of the second UE from the second UE, and performing a beam training process by sending a certain number of reference signals to the second UE, wherein the number is derived from the first information associated with the first beam configuration and the second information associated with the second beam configuration.

[0010] One aspect of the present disclosure includes a first UE, comprising: a unit for establishing a communication link with a base station (BS) by the first UE, a unit for sending first information associated with a first beam configuration of the first UE to a second UE, a unit for receiving second information associated with a second beam configuration of the second UE from the second UE, and a unit for performing a beam training process by sending a certain number of reference signals to the second UE, wherein the number is derived from the first information associated with the first beam configuration and the second information associated with the second beam configuration.

[0011] Some aspects of the present disclosure include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a first UE, cause the one or more processors to: establish a communication link with a second UE, send first information associated with a first beam configuration of the first UE to the second UE, receive second information associated with a second beam configuration of the second UE from the second UE, and perform a beam training process by sending a plurality of reference signals to the second UE, wherein the number is derived from the first information associated with the first beam configuration and the second information associated with the second beam configuration.

[0012] To achieve the foregoing and related purposes, one or more aspects include the features described in detail hereinafter and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of one or more aspects. However, these features are only indicative of some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed, and this specification is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Hereinafter, the disclosed aspects will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are provided for the purpose of describing rather than limiting the disclosed aspects, wherein like reference numerals represent like elements, and wherein:

[0014] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an example of a user equipment according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0016] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of a base station according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0017] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an example of a beam refinement process between two UEs during sidelink communication according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an example of an antenna design according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figure 6 An example of an antenna being blocked during the portrait mode of a UE according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 7 An example of an antenna being blocked during the landscape mode of a UE according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0021] Figure 8 A flowchart of an example of a method for beam refinement coordinated by a BS according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 9 A flowchart of an example of a method for beam refinement negotiated between two UEs according to aspects of the present disclosure; and

[0023] Figure 10 A flowchart of an example of a method for a UE to establish wireless communication according to aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the accompanying drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be implemented. For purposes of providing a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the detailed description includes specific details. It will be apparent, however, to one of ordinary skill in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0025] Certain aspects of a telecommunications system will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods will be described in detail below and illustrated in the drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0026] For example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of multiple elements can be implemented as a "processing system" that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, system on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system can execute software. Software should be construed broadly to refer to instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, processes, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0027] In one aspect of the present disclosure, when communicating via millimeter wave technology, two UEs that may need to communicate via a communication link such as a CV2X communication link may perform a beam refinement process. The beam refinement process may include the transmission of a reference signal (RS) from the transmitting UE to the receiving UE. The number of reference signals can be a function of the antenna module structures of the two UEs (e.g., the number of antenna planes / arrays, the number of subarrays, the size of the antenna array, etc.). The number of reference signals can also depend on any obstructions to the antenna modules of the two UEs, power limitations, and other factors that can increase or decrease the number of reference signals transmitted.

[0028] In a particular aspect of the present disclosure, two UEs may perform one or more beam refinement processes. For example, the two UEs may perform at least one of a beam selection refinement process, a transmitter beam refinement process, and / or a receiver beam refinement process.

[0029] Figure 1FIG. is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100. A wireless communication system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include at least one base station (BS) 105, UEs 110, 110a, and 110b (generally referred to herein as "UE 110"), an evolved packet core (EPC) 160, and a 5G core (5GC) 190. The UE 110 may include a communication component 222 that transmits data to / from other UEs 110 and the BS 105 and receives data from / to other UEs 110 and the BS 105. The UE 110 may include a detection component 224 that receives signals from one or more sensors / detectors to determine the presence (if any) of any obstructions to the antenna module, as described in more detail below with respect to Figures 2 - 9 The UE 110 may include a determination component 226 that determines a certain number of reference signals for a beam refinement process based on the presence of any obstructions.

[0030] In some embodiments, the UE 110 may be a stand-alone mobile device, a mobile device in a vehicle, or a relay.

[0031] In some embodiments, the BS 105 may include a macro cell (high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (low-power cellular base station). The macro cell includes a base station. The small cell includes a femto cell, a pico cell, and a micro cell. The BS 105 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as the evolved universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN)) may interface with the EPC 160 via a backhaul link interface 132 (e.g., S1, X2, Internet Protocol (IP), or a flex interface). The BS 105 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as the next-generation RAN (NG-RAN)) may interface with the 5GC 190 via a backhaul link interface 134 (e.g., S1, X2, Internet Protocol (IP), or a flex interface). In addition to other functions, the BS 105 may perform one or more of the following functions: transmission of user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), user and device tracking, radio access network information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The BS 105 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via the EPC 160 or the 5GC 190) via the backhaul link interfaces 132, 134. The backhaul links 132, 134 may be wired or wireless.

[0032] BS 105 can communicate wirelessly with UE 110. Each BS 105 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographical coverage area 130. There may be overlapping geographical coverage areas 130. For example, the small cell 105' can have a coverage area 130' that overlaps with the coverage areas 130 of one or more macro BSs 105. A network including both small cells and macro cells can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB) that can serve a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link 120 between BS 105 and UE 110 can include an uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link) transmission from UE 110 to BS 105 and / or a downlink (DL) (also referred to as a forward link) transmission from BS 105 to UE 110. The communication link 120 can use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link can be via one or more carriers. The communication link 120 can be used for Uu communication. BS 105 / UE 110 can use the spectrum allocated in carrier aggregation with a total of up to Y x MHz (x component carriers) per carrier with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (such as 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, etc.) for transmission in each direction. The carriers can be adjacent to each other or can be non-adjacent to each other. The carrier allocation for DL and UL may be asymmetric (e.g., more or fewer carriers can be allocated for DL compared to UL). The component carriers can include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier can be referred to as the primary cell (PCell), while the secondary component carriers can be referred to as secondary cells (SCells).

[0033] Some UEs 110 can communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication links 158. The D2D communication links 158 can be used in sidelink communication without involving BS 105. The D2D communication links 158 can use DL / UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication links 158 can use one or more sidelink channels, such as the physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication can be carried out through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as FlashLinQ, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0034] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 that communicates with a Wi-Fi station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the STA 152 / AP 150 may perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0035] The small cell 105' may operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in the unlicensed spectrum, the small cell 105' may adopt NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 105' adopting NR in the unlicensed spectrum may expand the coverage and / or increase the capacity of the access network.

[0036] The BS 105, whether it is a small cell 105' or a large cell (e.g., a macro base station), may include an eNB, a gNodeB (gNB), or other types of base stations. Some base stations (such as the gNB 180) may operate in one or more frequency bands within the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is generally further divided into various categories, frequency bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating frequency bands have been identified as the frequency range name FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Although a part of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "Sub-6 GHz" band. Regarding FR2, a similar naming issue sometimes occurs. Although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) identified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as the "millimeter wave" band, in documents and articles, FR2 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" (mmW) band.

[0037] Considering the above aspects, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "sub-6 GHz" or a similar term is used herein, it may broadly represent frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, frequencies within FR1, or frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, it may broadly represent frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, frequencies within FR2, or frequencies within the EHF band. Communication using mmW / near mmW radio frequency bands has extremely high path loss and short distances. The mmW base station 180 may utilize beamforming 182 with the UE 110 to compensate for path loss and short distances.

[0038] The EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may communicate with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is a control node that processes signaling between the UE 110 and the EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transmitted through the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDN Gateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to an IP service 176. The IP service 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmissions, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the BSs 105 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area for broadcasting a particular service, and may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting charging information related to eMBMS.

[0039] The 5GC 190 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may communicate with a Unified Data Management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 is a control node for processing signaling between the UE 110 and the 5GC 190. Generally, the AMF 192 provides QoS flow and session management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transmitted through the UPF 195. The UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The UPF 195 is connected to an IP service 197. The IP service 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.

[0040] BS 105 may also be referred to as a gNB, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), access point, base station transceiver, radio base station, access point, access node, radio transceiver, Node B, eNodeB (eNB), gNB, home Node B, home eNodeB, relay, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), transmission and reception point (TRP), or some other suitable term. BS 105 provides an access point for UE 110 to the EPC 160 or 5GC 190. Examples of UE 110 include cellular phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDA), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, health devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similar functional devices. Some of the UE 110 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 110 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, cell phone, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable term.

[0041] Referring to Figure 2 , an example of an implementation of UE 110 may include a modem 220 having a communication component 222, a detection component 224, and a determination component 226. The communication component 222 and / or the modem 220 of UE 110 may be configured to communicate with BS 105 via a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, or other wireless and wired networks. The detection component 224 may receive signals from one or more sensors / detectors to determine the presence (if any) of any obstructions to the antenna module. The determination component 226 may determine a certain number of reference signals for a beam refinement process based on the presence of any obstructions. The modem 220 may receive and transmit data packets.

[0042] In some embodiments, the UE 110 may include various components, some of which have been described above, but including components such as one or more processors 212 and a memory 216 that communicate via one or more buses 244, and a transceiver 202, which may operate in conjunction with a modem 220, a communication component 222, a detection component 224, and / or a determination component 226 to implement one or more functions described herein related to communicating with the BS 105 or another UE. Additionally, one or more processors 212, the modem 220, the memory 216, the transceiver 202, the RF front end 288, and one or more antennas 265 (or antenna modules) may be configured (simultaneously or non-simultaneously) to support voice and / or data messaging in one or more radio access technologies. One or more antennas 265 may include one or more antennas, antenna elements, and / or antenna arrays and may be controlled for beamforming communication.

[0043] In one aspect, one or more processors 212 may include a modem 220 that uses one or more modem processors. Various functions related to the communication component 222, the detection component 224, and / or the determination component 226 may be included in the modem 220 and / or the processor 212, and in one aspect, these functions may be performed by a single processor, while in other aspects, different functions may be performed by a combination of two or more different processors. For example, in one aspect, one or more processors 212 may include any one or any combination of the following: a modem processor, or a baseband processor, or a digital signal processor, or a transmit processor, or a receive device processor, or a transceiver processor associated with the transceiver 202. Additionally, the modem 220 may configure the UE 110 together with the detection component 224, the determination component 226, and the processor 212. In other aspects, some features of one or more processors 212 and / or the modem 220 associated with the communication component 222 may be performed by the transceiver 202.

[0044] Moreover, the memory 216 can be configured to store data used herein and / or a local version of the application 275 or the communication component 222 and / or one or more sub-components of the communication component 222 executed by at least one processor 212. The memory 216 can include any type of computer-readable medium that can be used by a computer or at least one processor 212, such as, for example, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and any combination thereof. In one aspect, for example, the memory 216 can be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more computer-executable codes that define the communication component 222 and / or one or more of the sub-components and / or data associated therewith when the UE 110 is operating at least one processor 212 to execute the communication component 222, the detection component 224, and / or the determination component 226 and / or one or more of its sub-components.

[0045] The transceiver 202 can include at least one receiver 206 and at least one transmitter 208. The at least one receiver 206 can include hardware, firmware, and / or software code executable by a processor, the code including instructions and stored in a memory (e.g., a computer-readable medium). The at least one receiver 206 can be, for example, an RF receiving device. In one aspect, the at least one receiver 206 can receive signals transmitted by at least one BS 105. The transmitter 208 can include hardware, firmware, and / or software code executable by a processor, the code including instructions and stored in a memory (e.g., a computer-readable medium). Suitable examples of the transmitter 208 can include, but are not limited to, RF transmitters.

[0046] In addition, in one aspect, the UE 110 can include an RF front end 288 that can communicate with one or more antennas 265 and the transceiver 202 for receiving and transmitting radio transmissions, such as wireless communications transmitted by at least one BS 105 or wireless communications transmitted by the UE 110. The RF front end 288 can be coupled to one or more antennas 265 and can include one or more low noise amplifiers (LNAs) 290, one or more switches 292, one or more power amplifiers (PAs) 298, and one or more filters 296 for transmitting and receiving RF signals.

[0047] In one aspect, the LNA 290 can amplify the received signal to a desired output level. In one aspect, each LNA 290 can have specified minimum and maximum gain values. In one aspect, the RF front end 288 can use one or more switches 292 to select a particular LNA 290 and the specified gain value based on the desired gain value for a particular application.

[0048] In addition, for example, the RF front end 288 can use one or more PAs 298 to amplify the signal for RF output to a desired output power level. In one aspect, each PA 298 can have specified minimum and maximum gain values. In one aspect, the RF front end 288 can use one or more switches 292 to select a particular PA 298 and the specified gain value based on the desired gain value for a particular application.

[0049] In addition, for example, the RF front end 288 can use one or more filters 296 to filter the received signal to obtain an input RF signal. Similarly, in one aspect, for example, the corresponding filter 296 can be used to filter the output from the corresponding PA 298 to generate an output signal for transmission. In one aspect, each filter 296 can be coupled to a specific LNA 290 and / or PA 298. In one aspect, the RF front end 288 can use one or more switches 292 to select a transmit or receive path based on a configuration specified by the transceiver 202 and / or the processor 212, the transmit or receive path using the specified filter 296, LNA 290, and / or PA 298.

[0050] Thus, the transceiver 202 can be configured to transmit and receive wireless signals via the RF front end 288 through one or more antennas 265. In one aspect, the transceiver can be tuned to operate at a specified frequency such that the UE 110 can communicate with, for example, one or more BSs 105, or one or more cells associated with one or more BSs 105. In one aspect, for example, the modem 220 can configure the transceiver 202 to operate at a specified frequency and power level based on the UE configuration of the UE 110 and the communication protocol used by the modem 220.

[0051] In one aspect, the modem 220 can be a multi-band multi-mode modem that can process digital data and communicate with the transceiver 202 to transmit and receive digital data using the transceiver 202. In one aspect, the modem 220 can be multi-band and configured to support multiple frequency bands for a particular communication protocol. In one aspect, the modem 220 can be multi-mode and configured to support multiple operating networks and communication protocols. In one aspect, the modem 220 can control one or more components of the UE 110 (e.g., the RF front end 288, the transceiver 202) based on a specified modem configuration to enable sending and / or receiving signals from the network. In one aspect, the modem configuration can be based on the mode of the modem and the frequency band in use. In another aspect, the modem configuration can be based on UE configuration information provided by the network and associated with the UE 110.

[0052] In one aspect of the present disclosure, the UE 110 can include a motion sensor 230 that detects the motion of the UE and / or the user of the UE 110. The UE 110 can include a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar 232 that detects the location of an obstruction to one or more antennas 265. The UE 110 can include a photodetector 234 (e.g., an infrared detector) that detects an obstruction (e.g., the user's hand) to one or more antennas 265. The UE 110 can include a gyroscope 236 that detects the orientation of the UE 110.

[0053] Reference Figure 3 For example, an implementation of the BS 105 can include a modem 320 having a communication component 322. The communication component 322 and / or the modem 320 of the BS 105 can be configured to communicate with the UE 110 via a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, or other wireless and / or wired networks to perform the functions related to the beam refinement process described herein.

[0054] In some embodiments, BS 105 may include various components, some of which have been described above, but including components such as one or more processors 312 and a memory 316 and a transceiver 302 that communicate via one or more buses 344, which may operate in conjunction with a modem 320 and a communication component 322 to implement one or more functions described herein related to communicating with UE 110. Additionally, one or more processors 312, modem 320, memory 316, transceiver 302, RF front end 388, and one or more antennas 365 may be configured (simultaneously or non-simultaneously) to support voice and / or data calls in one or more radio access technologies. One or more antennas 365 may include one or more antennas, antenna elements, and / or antenna arrays, and may be controlled for beamforming communication.

[0055] In one aspect, one or more processors 312 may include a modem 320 that uses one or more modem processors. Various functions related to communication component 322 may be included in modem 320 and / or processor 312, and in one aspect, these functions may be performed by a single processor, while in other aspects, different functions may be performed by a combination of two or more different processors. For example, in one aspect, one or more processors 312 may include any one or any combination of the following: a modem processor, or a baseband processor, or a digital signal processor, or a transmit processor, or a receive device processor, or a transceiver processor associated with transceiver 302. Additionally, modem 320 may configure BS 105 and processor 312. In other aspects, some features of one or more processors 312 and / or modem 320 associated with communication component 322 may be performed by transceiver 302.

[0056] Moreover, the memory 316 can be configured to store data used herein and / or a local version of the application 375 or the communication component 322 and / or one or more sub-components of the communication component 322 executed by at least one processor 312. The memory 316 can include any type of computer-readable medium usable by a computer or at least one processor 312, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and any combination thereof. In one aspect, for example, the memory 316 can be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more computer-executable codes that, when the BS 105 is operating at least one processor 312 to execute the communication component 322 and / or one or more of the sub-components, define the communication component 322 and / or one or more of the sub-components and / or data associated therewith.

[0057] The transceiver 302 can include at least one receiver 306 and at least one transmitter 308. The at least one receiver 306 can include hardware, firmware, and / or software code executable by a processor for receiving data, the code including instructions and being stored in a memory (e.g., a computer-readable medium). The at least one receiver 306 can be, for example, an RF receiving device. In one aspect, the at least one receiver 306 can receive signals transmitted by the UE 110. The transmitter 308 can include hardware, firmware, and / or software code executable by a processor for transmitting data, the code including instructions and being stored in a memory (e.g., a computer-readable medium). Suitable examples of the transmitter 308 can include, but are not limited to, RF transmitters.

[0058] In addition, in one aspect, the BS 105 can include an RF front end 388 that can operate in communication with one or more antennas 365 and the transceiver 302 for receiving and transmitting radio transmissions (e.g., wireless communications transmitted by other BSs 105 or wireless transmissions transmitted by the UE 110). The RF front end 388 can be coupled to one or more antennas 365 and can include one or more low noise amplifiers (LNAs) 390, one or more switches 392, one or more power amplifiers (PAs) 398, and one or more filters 396 for transmitting and receiving RF signals.

[0059] In one aspect, the LNA 390 can amplify the received signal at a desired output level. In one aspect, each LNA 390 can have specified minimum and maximum gain values. In one aspect, the RF front end 388 can use one or more switches 392 to select a particular LNA 390 and a specified gain value based on the desired gain value for a particular application.

[0060] In addition, for example, the RF front end 388 can use one or more PAs 398 to amplify the signal for the RF output at a desired output power level. In one aspect, each PA 398 can have specified minimum and maximum gain values. In one aspect, the RF front end 388 can use one or more switches 392 to select a particular PA 398 and a specified gain value based on the desired gain value for a particular application.

[0061] Moreover, for example, the RF front end 388 can use one or more filters 396 to filter the received signal to obtain an input RF signal. Similarly, in one aspect, for example, the corresponding filter 396 can be used to filter the output from the corresponding PA 398 to produce an output signal for transmission. In one aspect, each filter 396 can be coupled to a specific LNA 390 and / or PA 398. In one aspect, the RF front end 388 can use one or more switches 392 to select a transmit or receive path that uses the specified filter 396, LNA 390, and / or PA 398 based on a configuration specified by the transceiver 302 and / or the processor 312.

[0062] Accordingly, the transceiver 302 can be configured to transmit and receive wireless signals via the RF front end 388 through one or more antennas 365. In one aspect, the transceiver can be tuned to operate at a specified frequency such that the BS 105 can communicate with, for example, the UE 110 or with one or more cells associated with one or more BSs 105. In one aspect, for example, the modem 320 can configure the transceiver 302 to operate at a specified frequency and power level based on the base station configuration of the BS 105 and the communication protocol used by the modem 320.

[0063] In one aspect, the modem 320 can be a multi-band multi-mode modem that can process digital data and communicate with the transceiver 302 such that digital data is transmitted and received using the transceiver 302. In one aspect, the modem 320 can be multi-band and configured to support multiple frequency bands for a particular communication protocol. In one aspect, the modem 320 can be multi-mode and configured to support multiple operating networks and communication protocols. In one aspect, the modem 320 can control one or more components of the BS 105 (e.g., the RF front end 388, the transceiver 302) to implement transmission and / or reception of signals from the network based on a specified modem configuration. In one aspect, the modem configuration can be based on the mode of the modem and the frequency band in use. In another aspect, the modem configuration can be based on the base station configuration associated with the BS 105.

[0064] Now referring to Figure 4 , an example of beam refinement 400 (e.g., beam selection or an initial beam sweep process) can occur between a first UE 110a and a second UE 110b. The first UE 110a can be the transmitting UE, while the second UE 110b can be the receiving UE. The first UE 110a and the second UE 110b can agree on the number of RSs and the locations of the RSs (i.e., the time and frequency locations of the resources for the RSs).

[0065] In one aspect of the present disclosure, the first UE 110a can transmit first information associated with a beam via one or more antenna modules 265 of the first UE 110a available for sidelink communication. In one example, the first UE 110a can transmit the number of beams available for sidelink communication (e.g., binary, decimal, hexadecimal, etc.), an identifier associated with the number of beams available for sidelink communication, a range including the number of beams available for sidelink communication, or other information formats representing the number of beams available for sidelink communication at the first UE 110a. The second UE 110b can transmit second information associated with the beams available for sidelink communication via one or more antenna modules 265 of the second UE 110b. In one example, the second UE 110b can transmit the number of beams available for sidelink communication (e.g., binary, decimal, hexadecimal, etc.), an identifier associated with the number of beams available for sidelink communication, a range including the number of beams available for sidelink communication, or other information formats representing the number of beams available for sidelink communication at the second UE 110b.

[0066] In some aspects, the number of RSs for the beam refinement process can be derived from the first information and the second information. For example, the number of RSs can be the product of the number of beams available for sidelink communication at the first UE 110a and the number of beams available for sidelink communication at the second UE 110b.

[0067] In another aspect, the BS 105 can send the number of RSs for the beam refinement process, or an identifier associated with the number of RSs, between the first UE 110a and the second UE 110b.

[0068] In one embodiment, the first UE 110a can include K beams suitable for sidelink communication with the second UE 110b. The second UE 110b can include L beams suitable for sidelink communication with the first UE 110a. The first UE 110a can send the number K to the second UE 110b to indicate the K beams applicable to sidelink communication. The second UE 110b can send the number L to the first UE 110a to indicate the L beams applicable to sidelink communication. The number of RSs (N1) for beam refinement can be derived from K and L. For example, N1 can be the product of K and L (i.e., N1 = KL). The number N1 can be a function of the antenna module structure (e.g., the number of antenna planes / arrays, the number of sub-arrays, the size of the antenna array, etc.) of the first UE 110a and / or the second UE 110b (as discussed below with respect to Figures 5 - 7 ). The number N1 can also depend on any obstructions to the antenna modules of the first UE 110a and / or the second UE 110b, power limitations, and other factors that can increase or decrease the number of reference signals transmitted.

[0069] In some aspects of the present disclosure, N1 can be UE-specific and / or change over time. For example, the number of reference signals in the beam refinement process for sidelink communication between the first UE 110a and another UE (different from the second UE 110b) can be N1 * = KL * . L *It can be the number of beams within a feasible number of antenna modules applicable to sidelink communication in another UE. In another example, the number of reference signals in the beam refinement process for sidelink communication between the first UE 110a and the second UE 110b can be N1 = KM. In other words, the number of beams applicable to sidelink communication in the second UE 110b can vary from L at a first time to M at a second time. In some instances, M can be greater than L. In other instances, M can be less than L (e.g., blockage of the antenna array as discussed below). For example, the first UE 110a can include 10 beams available for sidelink communication. However, two of the 10 beams may be blocked. Thus, the first UE 110a can indicate to the second UE 110b that 8 beams are available for sidelink communication and transmit 8 RSs for the beam refinement process.

[0070] In some embodiments, the quantity N1 can indicate the number of RSs for the beam selection refinement process, the transmitter beam refinement process, and / or the receiver beam refinement process. The same or different numbers of RSs can be used for other beam refinement processes.

[0071] In one embodiment, the first UE 110a can send an indication of the number of RSs for the beam selection refinement process, the transmitter beam refinement process, and the receiver beam refinement process. For example, the first UE 110a can send N1, N2, and N3 to the second UE 110b. The quantity N1 can indicate the number of RSs for the beam selection refinement process, the quantity N2 can indicate the number of RSs for the transmitter beam refinement process, and the quantity N3 can indicate the number of RSs for the receiver beam refinement process.

[0072] In another embodiment, the first UE 110a can send an indication of the number of RSs for the beam selection refinement process, and an indication of the number of RSs for the transmitter beam refinement process and the receiver beam refinement process. For example, the first UE 110a can send N1 and N2 to the second UE 110b. The quantity N1 can indicate the number of RSs for the beam selection refinement process, while the quantity N2 can indicate the number of RSs for the transmitter beam refinement process. No RSs are used for the receiver beam refinement process. The first UE 110a and / or the second UE 110b can also use other combinations of RSs for the (one or more) beam refinement processes.

[0073] In an alternative embodiment, the first UE 110a and / or the second UE 110b may determine to transmit N1 RSs for the beam selection refinement process. Based on the link margin obtained during the beam selection refinement process, the first UE 110a and / or the second UE 110b may determine whether to terminate the beam selection refinement process before transmitting all N1 RSs. In one example, the first UE 110a and the second UE 110b may establish a sidelink based on the information obtained during an incomplete beam selection refinement process. In another example, the first UE 110a and the second UE 110b may proceed to a transmitter beam refinement process and / or a receiver beam refinement process.

[0074] In one aspect, the first UE 110a and / or the second UE 110b may determine whether to terminate the beam selection refinement process based on one or more of the following: the link budget between the first UE 110a and the second UE 11b (e.g., how close or far apart they are, measurements of environmental factors such as interference, penetration / blockage loss, fading), the payload size to be transmitted from the first UE 110a to the second UE 110b, the power constraints at the first UE 110a and / or the second UE 110b (e.g., available battery life, existing power overhead, etc.), or the number of RSs to be transmitted during the transmitter beam refinement process and / or the receiver beam refinement process.

[0075] In some instances, the BS 105 may send the quantity N1 to the first UE 110a and / or the second UE 110b to indicate the number of RSs to be used in the beam refinement process. After the first UE 110a and the second UE 110b receive the quantity N1 indicating the number of RSs to be used in the beam refinement process (e.g., the beam selection refinement process) from the BS 105, the first UE 110a may start the beam refinement process by transmitting N1 RSs to the second UE 110b.

[0076] In certain embodiments, the first UE 110a and the second UE 110b may agree on one or more of N1, N2, or N3 by using a sidelink channel to the sidelink. The sidelink channel may be based on a sub-6 channel, a millimeter wave sidelink channel, or an initial sidelink channel for an initial beam refinement process (e.g., a relay discovery channel / signal). For example, during the relay discovery channel / signal, each UE periodically broadcasts a synchronization signal block signal, and some neighboring UEs act as accesses to perform an initial beam refinement. Once the communication link is established, N2 and N3 may be agreed upon between the first UE 110a and the second UE 110b. In some instances, the sidelink channel may be configured by the BS 105.

[0077] In an alternative embodiment, the BS 105 may send one or more initial N1, N2, and / or N3 values to the first UE 110a and the second UE 110b for an initial beam refinement process, and the first UE 110a and the second UE 110b may dynamically change at least one of the initial N1, N2, and / or N3 values to updated N1, N2, and / or N3 values. For example, the first UE 110a and the second UE 110b may dynamically change at least one of the initial N1, N2, and / or N3 based on the following: the link budget between the first UE 110a and the second UE 110b, the distance between the first UE 110a and the second UE 110b, environmental factors, penetration / blockage loss, fading, the size of the payload to be sent from the first UE 110a to the second UE 110b, the power constraint of the first UE 110a, the power constraint of the second UE 110b, or the number of reference signals scheduled to be sent by the first UE 110a after a subsequent beam training process.

[0078] Turning Figure 5 , the schematic diagram may show various antenna designs 510 for the UE 110. The number of RSs may depend on the antenna design 510 of the UE 110. For example, when the antenna module 265 of the UE 110 is blocked (e.g., by the user's hand), the number of RSs may decrease. The first antenna design 510-a may include the UE 110 having a first antenna module 265-a1 at a first corner of the UE 110 and a second antenna module 265-a2 at a second corner of the UE 110. The UE 110 having the first antenna design 510-a may include two antenna modules 265 and eight sub-arrays. The UE 110 having the first antenna design 510-a may send eight RSs for a beam selection refinement process, a transmitter beam refinement process, and / or a receiver beam refinement process. Other numbers of RSs may be used for the beam selection refinement process, the transmitter beam refinement process, and / or the receiver beam refinement process.

[0079] In other embodiments, the second antenna design 510-b may include the UE 110 having a first antenna module 265-b1 at a first edge of the UE 110, a second antenna module 265-b2 at a second edge of the UE 110, a third antenna module 265-b3 at a third edge of the UE 110, and a fourth antenna module 265-b4 at a fourth edge of the UE 110. The UE 110 having the second antenna design 510-b may include four antenna modules 265 and twelve sub-arrays. The UE 110 having the second antenna design 510-b may transmit 12 RSs for beam selection refinement process, transmitter beam refinement process, and / or receiver beam refinement process. Other numbers of RSs may be used for beam selection refinement process, transmitter beam refinement process, and / or receiver beam refinement process.

[0080] In some aspects of the present disclosure, the third antenna design 510-c may include the UE 110 having a first antenna module 265-c1 at a first edge of the UE 110, a second antenna module 265-c2 at a second edge of the UE 110, a third antenna module 265-c3 at a third edge of the UE 110, and a fourth antenna module 265-c4 at a fourth edge of the UE 110. The UE 110 having the third antenna design 510-b may include four antenna modules 265 and 16 sub-arrays. The UE 110 having the third antenna design 510-b may transmit 16 RSs for beam selection refinement process, transmitter beam refinement process, and / or receiver beam refinement process. Other numbers of RSs may be used for beam selection refinement process, transmitter beam refinement process, and / or receiver beam refinement process.

[0081] In one aspect, the fourth antenna design 510-d may include the UE 110 having a first antenna module 265-d1 at a first edge of the UE 110, a second antenna module 265-c2 at a second edge of the UE 110, and a third antenna module 265-c3 at a third edge of the UE 110. The UE 110 having the fourth antenna design 510-d may include three antenna modules 265 and six sub-arrays. The UE 110 having the fourth antenna design 510-d may transmit six RSs for beam selection refinement process, transmitter beam refinement process, and / or receiver beam refinement process. Other numbers of RSs may be used for beam selection refinement process, transmitter beam refinement process, and / or receiver beam refinement process.

[0082] In some instances, when an object (e.g., the user's hand, jewelry, and / or face of UE 110) blocks the antenna module, the signal strength of the RS transmitted by the blocked antenna module may decrease by 1 decibel (dB), 2 dB, 5 dB, 10 dB, or more. In some cases, due to the poor signal strength, it may not be necessary to transmit the RS from the blocked antenna module during the beam refinement process.

[0083] Go to Figure 6 and refer to Figure 5 , an example of the antenna blocker 600 of UE 110 during the portrait operation mode may include the hand 602 that holds UE 110 in the portrait mode. The hand 602 may block one or more of the multiple antenna modules 265 of UE 110. For example, if UE 110 implements the first antenna design 510-a, the first antenna module 265-a1 may be unblocked, while the second antenna module 265-a2 may be blocked by the little finger and / or palm of the hand 602. As a result, due to the blocker of the second antenna module 265-a2, UE 110 may transmit four RSs instead of eight RSs for the beam selection refinement process, the transmitter beam refinement process, and / or the receiver beam refinement process.

[0084] In another example, if UE 110 implements the second antenna design 510-b, the first antenna module 265-b1 may be unblocked, the second antenna module 265-b2 may be blocked by the index finger and / or middle finger of the hand 602, the third antenna module 265-b3 may be blocked by the thumb or palm of the hand 602, and the fourth antenna module 265-b4 may be blocked by the palm of the hand 602. As a result, due to the blockers of the second antenna module 265-b2, the third antenna module 265-b3, and the fourth antenna module 265-b4, UE 110 may transmit 3 RSs instead of 12 RSs for the beam selection refinement process, the transmitter beam refinement process, and / or the receiver beam refinement process.

[0085] In a certain example, if UE 110 implements the third antenna design 510-c, the first antenna module 265-c1 may be unblocked, the second antenna module 265-c2 may be blocked by the index finger and / or middle finger of the hand 602, the third antenna module 265-c3 may be blocked by the thumb or palm of the hand 602, and the fourth antenna module 265-c4 may be blocked by the palm of the hand 602. As a result, due to the blockers of the second antenna module 265-c2, the third antenna module 265-c3, and the fourth antenna module 265-c4, UE 110 may transmit 4 RSs instead of 16 RSs for the beam selection refinement process, the transmitter beam refinement process, and / or the receiver beam refinement process.

[0086] In one example, if the UE 110 implements the fourth antenna design 510-d, the first antenna module 265-d1 may be unobstructed, the second antenna module 265-d2 may be obstructed by the index finger and / or middle finger of the hand 602, and the third antenna module 265-d3 may be obstructed by the thumb or palm of the hand 602. As a result, due to the obstructions of the second antenna module 265-d2 and the third antenna module 265-d3, the UE 110 may send two RSs instead of six RSs for the beam selection refinement process, the transmitter beam refinement process, and / or the receiver beam refinement process.

[0087] Still referring Figure 6 And referring Figure 2 And Figure 5 , the UE 110 may use one or more of the motion sensor 230, the FMCW radar 232, the photodetector 234, and / or the gyroscope 236 to detect obstructions to one or more antenna modules 265. For example, the FMCW radar 232 may detect obstructions to one or more antenna modules 265 by sending incident waves and detecting reflected waves. In another example, when the hand 602 shades a part of the UE 110, the photodetector 234 may detect obstructions to one or more antenna modules 265. The UE 110 may use other means to detect obstructions.

[0088] Go to Figure 7 And refer Figure 5 , an example of the antenna obstruction 700 of the UE 110 during the landscape operation mode may include the hand 702 that holds the UE 110 in the landscape mode. The hand 702 may obstruct one or more of the antenna modules 265 of the UE 110. For example, if the UE 110 implements the first antenna design 510-a, the first antenna module 265-a1 may be unobstructed, while the second antenna module 265-a2 may be obstructed by the index finger and thumb of the hand 702. As a result, due to the obstruction of the second antenna module 265-a2, the UE 110 may send four RSs instead of eight RSs for the beam selection refinement process, the transmitter beam refinement process, and / or the receiver beam refinement process.

[0089] In another example, if the UE 110 implements the second antenna design 510-b, the first antenna module 265-b1, the second antenna module 265-b2, and the third antenna module 265-b3 may be unobstructed, and the fourth antenna module 265-b4 may be obstructed by the hand 702. As a result, due to the obstruction of the fourth antenna module 265-b4, the UE 110 may send 9 RSs instead of 12 RSs for the beam selection refinement process, the transmitter beam refinement process, and / or the receiver beam refinement process.

[0090] In one example, if the UE 110 implements the third antenna design 510-c, the first antenna module 265-b1, the second antenna module 265-b2, and the third antenna module 265-b3 may not be blocked, and the fourth antenna module 265-b4 may be blocked by the hand 702. As a result, due to the blocker of the fourth antenna module 265-c4, the UE 110 may send 12 RSs instead of 16 RSs for beam selection refinement process, transmitter beam refinement process, and / or receiver beam refinement process.

[0091] In one example, if the UE 110 implements the fourth antenna design 510-d, the first antenna module 265-d1, the second antenna module 265-d2, and the third antenna module 265-d3 may not be blocked. As a result, the UE 110 may send 6 RSs for beam selection refinement process, transmitter beam refinement process, and / or receiver beam refinement process.

[0092] Still referring to Figure 7 And referring to Figure 2 and Figure 5 , the UE 110 may use one or more of the motion sensor 230, the FMCW radar 232, the photodetector 234, and / or the gyroscope 236 to detect blockers of one or more antenna modules 265. For example, the FMCW radar 232 may detect blockers of one or more antenna modules 265 by sending incident waves and detecting reflected waves. In another example, when the hand 602 shades a part of the UE 110, the photodetector 234 may detect blockers of one or more antenna modules 265. The UE 110 may use other means to detect blockers.

[0093] Referring to Figure 8 , examples of the wireless communication method 800 may be performed, for example, by the communication component 222, the modem 220, the processor, the transceiver 202, or the transmitter 208, the RF front end, and / or one or more antennas 265 of the first UE 110a in the wireless communication network 100.

[0094] At block 805, method 800 may establish a communication link by a first UE with a second UE. For example, a communication component 222 of the first UE 110a may establish a D2D communication link 158 with the second UE 110b. The communication component 222 may send and / or receive link information to establish the communication link 120. In some examples, the communication component 222 and / or the processor 212 of the modem 220 may generate the link information. The communication component 222 may send digital data in the link information to the transceiver 202 or the transmitter 208. The transceiver 202 and / or the transmitter 208 may convert the digital data into an electrical signal and send it to the RF front end 288. The RF front end 288 and sub-components such as the PA 298 and the filter 296 may filter, amplify, and / or convert the electrical signal into an electromagnetic signal. One or more antennas 265 may send the electromagnetic signal containing the digital data. In some instances, one or more antennas 265 may receive the electromagnetic signal containing the digital data in the link information. The RF front end 288 and sub-components such as the LNA 290 and the filter 296 may filter, amplify, and / or convert the received electromagnetic signal into an electrical signal. The transceiver 202 and / or the receiver 206 may receive the electrical signal from the RF front end 288 and convert the electrical signal into digital data. The communication component 222 may receive the digital data including the link information from the transceiver 202 and / or the receiver 206.

[0095] In certain embodiments, the processor 212, the modem 220, the communication component 222, the transceiver 202, the receiver 206, the transmitter 208, the RF front end 288, and / or sub-components of the RF front end 288 may be configured to establish a communication link with a second UE and / or may define units for establishing a communication link with a second UE.

[0096] At block 810, method 800 may send first information associated with a first beam configuration of the first UE to the second UE. For example, the communication component 222 of the first UE 110a may send a quantity K associated with a beam refinement process of one or more antenna modules 265 of the first UE 110a to the second UE 110b. In one example, K may be the number of available beams applicable to sidelink communication with the second UE 110b at the first UE 110a. In one embodiment, the communication component 222 may send digital data representing the quantity K to the transceiver 202 or the transmitter 208. The transceiver 202 or the transmitter 208 may convert the digital data into an electrical signal and send it to the RF front end 288. The RF front end 288 and sub-components such as the PA 298 and the filter 296 may filter, amplify, and / or convert the electrical signal into an electromagnetic signal. One or more antennas 265 may send the electromagnetic signal containing the digital data associated with the quantity K.

[0097] In some embodiments, the processor 212, the modem 220, and / or the communication component 222 may be configured to send to a second UE first information associated with a first beam configuration of a first UE and / or may define a unit for sending to the second UE first information associated with the first beam configuration of the first UE.

[0098] At block 815, method 800 may receive from a second UE second information associated with a second beam configuration of the second UE. For example, the communication component 222 of BS 105 may receive a quantity L from the second UE 110b. In one example, L may be the number of available beams at the second UE 110b that are applicable for sidelink communication with the first UE 110a. In some examples, one or more antennas 265 may receive an electromagnetic signal that includes the quantity L. Subcomponents such as the RF front end 288 and the LNA 290 and filter 296 may filter, amplify, and / or convert the received electromagnetic signal into an electrical signal. The transceiver 202 and / or the receiver 206 may receive the electrical signal from the RF front end 288 and convert the electrical signal into digital data. The communication component 222 may receive the digital data that includes the quantity L from the transceiver 202 and / or the receiver 206.

[0099] In some embodiments, the processor 212, the modem 220, the communication component 222, the transceiver 202, the receiver 206, the transmitter 208, the RF front end 288, and / or subcomponents of the RF front end 288 may be configured to receive from a second UE second information associated with a second beam configuration of the second UE and / or may define a unit for receiving from the second UE second information associated with the second beam configuration of the second UE.

[0100] At block 820, method 800 may perform a beam training process by sending a certain number of reference signals to a second UE, where the number is derived from first information associated with a first beam configuration and second information associated with a second beam configuration. In one example, first UE 110a may derive a number N1 based on numbers K and L. In one instance, the number N1 may be the product of K and L (i.e., N1 = KL). For example, the communication component 222 of first UE 110a may perform a beam selection refinement process by sending N1 RSs from first UE 110a to second UE 110b. In one embodiment, communication component 222 may send digital data representing N1 RSs to transceiver 202 or transmitter 208. Transceiver 202 or transmitter 208 may convert the digital data into an electrical signal and send it to RF front end 288. RF front end 288 and subcomponents such as PA 298 and filter 296 may filter, amplify, and / or convert the electrical signal into an electromagnetic signal. One or more antennas 265 may send the electromagnetic signal containing digital data associated with N1 RSs.

[0101] In certain embodiments, processor 212, modem 220, and / or communication component 222 may be configured to perform a beam training process by sending a certain number of reference signals to a second UE, and / or may define a unit for performing a beam training process by sending a certain number of reference signals to a second UE, where the number is derived from first information associated with a first beam configuration and second information associated with a second beam configuration.

[0102] Now turning to Figure 9 , a method 900 of wireless communication may be performed by communication component 222, modem 220, processor, transceiver 202 or transmitter 208, RF front end, and / or one or more antennas 265 of first UE 110a in wireless communication network 100.

[0103] At block 905, method 900 may receive information from a base station (BS) indicating the number of reference signals for a beam training process. For example, communication component 222 of first UE 110a may receive number N1 from BS 105. In some examples, one or more antennas 265 may receive an electromagnetic signal containing number N1. RF front end 288 and subcomponents such as LNA 290 and filter 296 may filter, amplify, and / or convert the received electromagnetic signal into an electrical signal. Transceiver 202 and / or receiver 206 may receive the electrical signal from RF front end 288 and convert the electrical signal into digital data. Communication component 222 may receive digital data including number N1 from transceiver 202 and / or receiver 206.

[0104] In some embodiments, the processor 312, the modem 220, the communication component 222, the transceiver 202, the receiver 206, the transmitter 208, the RF front end 288, and / or subcomponents of the RF front end 288 may be configured to: receive information indicating the number of reference signals for a beam training process from a base station (BS), and / or may define a unit for receiving information indicating the number of reference signals for a beam training process from a base station (BS).

[0105] At block 910, method 900 may establish a communication link with a second UE. For example, the communication component 222 of the first UE 110a may establish a D2D communication link 158 with the second UE 110b. The communication component 222 may send and / or receive link information to establish the communication link 120. In some examples, the communication component 222 and / or the processor 212 of the modem 220 may generate the link information. The communication component 222 may send digital data to the transceiver 202 or the transmitter 208 in the link information. The transceiver 202 and / or the transmitter 208 may convert the digital data into an electrical signal and send it to the RF front end 288. The RF front end 288 and subcomponents such as the PA 298 and the filter 296 may filter, amplify, and / or convert the electrical signal into an electromagnetic signal. One or more antennas 265 may send the electromagnetic signal containing the digital data. In some instances, one or more antennas 265 may receive the electromagnetic signal containing the digital data in the link information. The RF front end 288 and subcomponents such as the LNA 290 and the filter 296 may filter, amplify, and / or convert the received electromagnetic signal into an electrical signal. The transceiver 202 and / or the receiver 206 may receive the electrical signal from the RF front end 288 and convert the electrical signal into digital data. The communication component 222 may receive the digital data including the link information from the transceiver 202 and / or the receiver 206.

[0106] In some embodiments, the processor 212, the modem 220, the communication component 222, the transceiver 202, the receiver 206, the transmitter 208, the RF front end 288, and / or subcomponents of the RF front end 288 may be configured to establish a communication link with a second UE and / or may define a unit for establishing a communication link with a second UE.

[0107] At block 915, method 900 may perform a beam training process by sending the number of reference signals to a second UE. For example, the communication component 222 of the first UE 110a may perform a beam selection refinement process by sending N1 RSs from the first UE 110a to the second UE 110b. In one embodiment, the communication component 222 may send digital data representing N1 RSs to the transceiver 202 or the transmitter 208. The transceiver 202 or the transmitter 208 may convert the digital data into an electrical signal and send it to the RF front end 288. The RF front end 288 and sub-components such as the PA 298 and the filter 296 may filter, amplify, and / or convert the electrical signal into an electromagnetic signal. One or more antennas 265 may send the electromagnetic signal containing the digital data associated with the N1 RSs.

[0108] In some embodiments, the processor 212, the modem 220, and / or the communication component 222 may be configured to perform a beam training process by sending the number of reference signals to a second UE, and / or may define a unit for performing a beam training process by sending the number of reference signals to a second UE.

[0109] Referring to Figure 10 , an example of the wireless communication method 1000 may be performed, for example, by the communication component 222, the modem 220, the processor, the transceiver 202 or the transmitter 208, the RF front end, and / or one or more antennas 265 of the first UE 110a in the wireless communication network 100.

[0110] At block 1005, method 1000 may establish a communication link with a second UE. For example, the communication component 222 of the first UE 110a may establish a D2D communication link 158 with the second UE 110b. The communication component 222 may send and / or receive link information to establish the communication link 120. In some examples, the communication component 222 and / or the processor 212 of the modem 220 may generate the link information. The communication component 222 may send digital data in the link information to the transceiver 202 or the transmitter 208. The transceiver 202 and / or the transmitter 208 may convert the digital data into an electrical signal and send it to the RF front end 288. The RF front end 288 and sub-components such as the PA 298 and the filter 296 may filter, amplify, and / or convert the electrical signal into an electromagnetic signal. One or more antennas 265 may send the electromagnetic signal containing the digital data. In some instances, one or more antennas 265 may receive the electromagnetic signal containing the digital data in the link information. The RF front end 288 and sub-components such as the LNA 290 and the filter 296 may filter, amplify, and / or convert the received electromagnetic signal into an electrical signal. The transceiver 202 and / or the receiver 206 may receive the electrical signal from the RF front end 288 and convert the electrical signal into digital data. The communication component 222 may receive the digital data including the link information from the transceiver 202 and / or the receiver 206.

[0111] In certain embodiments, the processor 212, the modem 220, the communication component 222, the transceiver 202, the receiver 206, the transmitter 208, the RF front end 288, and / or sub-components of the RF front end 288 may be configured to establish a communication link with a second UE and / or may define units for establishing a communication link with a second UE.

[0112] At block 1010, method 1000 may determine to send a certain number of reference signals to the second UE for a beam refinement process. For example, the communication component 222 of the first UE 110a may determine to send N1 RSs to the second UE 110b. In certain embodiments, the processor 212, the modem 220, and / or the communication component 222 may be configured to send a certain number of reference signals to the second UE for a beam refinement process, and / or may define units for sending a certain number of reference signals to the second UE for a beam refinement process.

[0113] At block 1015, method 1000 may send a portion of the number of reference signals to a second UE. For example, the communication component 222 of BS105 may send a portion of N1 RSs to the second UE. In one embodiment, the communication component 222 may send digital data representing a portion of the N1 RSs to be sent to the second UE to the transceiver 202 or the transmitter 208. The transceiver 202 or the transmitter 208 may convert the digital data into an electrical signal and send it to the RF front end 288. The RF front end 288 and sub-components such as the PA 298 and the filter 296 may filter, amplify, and / or convert the electrical signal into an electromagnetic signal. One or more antennas 265 may send an electromagnetic signal containing digital data associated with a portion of the N1 RSs.

[0114] In certain embodiments, the processor 212, the modem 220, and / or the communication component 222 may be configured to send a portion of the number of reference signals to the second UE and / or may define a unit for sending a portion of the number of reference signals to the second UE.

[0115] At block 1020, method 1000 may terminate the transmission of the remaining portion of the number of reference signals. For example, the communication component 222 of the first UE110a may terminate the transmission of the remaining portion of the number of reference signals.

[0116] In certain embodiments, the processor 212, the modem 220, and / or the communication component 222 may be configured to terminate the transmission of the remaining portion of the number of reference signals and / or may define a unit for terminating the transmission of the remaining portion of the number of reference signals.

[0117] Additional embodiments

[0118] A method for wireless communication by a first UE includes: establishing a communication link with a second UE, sending first information associated with a first beam configuration of the first UE to the second UE, receiving second information associated with a second beam configuration of the second UE from the second UE, and performing a beam training process by sending a certain number of reference signals to the second UE, where the number is derived from the first information associated with the first beam configuration and the second information associated with the second beam configuration.

[0119] According to any of the above methods, it further includes: generating the first information based at least on the number of a plurality of antenna modules, the number of a plurality of antenna sub-arrays, or the planar structure of the antenna modules.

[0120] According to any one of the above methods, it further includes: detecting at least one of the following: one or more blocked antenna modules among the plurality of antenna modules, or one or more blocked sub-arrays among the plurality of antenna sub-arrays.

[0121] According to any one of the above methods, wherein generating the first information further includes: generating the first information at least based on subtracting one or more blocked antenna modules from the plurality of antenna modules, or subtracting one or more blocked sub-arrays from the plurality of antenna sub-arrays.

[0122] According to any one of the above methods, wherein the communication link is a sidelink or a relay link.

[0123] According to any one of the above methods, wherein transmitting the first information includes: transmitting the first information on the sidelink channel of the communication link, and receiving the second information includes: receiving the second information on the sidelink channel of the communication link.

[0124] According to any one of the above methods, wherein the sidelink channel is a sub-6 sidelink channel or a millimeter wave sidelink channel.

[0125] According to any one of the above methods, wherein the sidelink channel is configured by a base station (BS).

[0126] According to any one of the above methods, it further includes: performing a subsequent beam training process by sending a subsequent number of reference signals to a second UE, wherein the subsequent number of reference signals is more or less than the number of reference signals.

[0127] According to any one of the above methods, it further includes: determining the subsequent number of reference signals before the subsequent beam training process based on at least one of the following: the link budget between the first UE and the second UE, the distance between the first UE and the second UE, environmental factors, penetration / blockage loss, fading, the size of the payload to be sent from the first UE to the second UE, the power constraint of the first UE, the power constraint of the second UE, or the number of reference signals scheduled to be sent by the first UE after the subsequent beam training process.

[0128] The specific embodiments described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describe examples, and do not represent the only examples that can be implemented or are within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used in this specification means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration", rather than "preferred" or "superior to other examples". To provide an understanding of the technologies described, the specific embodiments include specific details. However, these technologies can be implemented without these specific details. For example, the functions and arrangements of the elements discussed can be changed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Also, various processes or components can be omitted, substituted, or added as needed for each example. For example, the methods described can be performed in a different order than described, and individual steps can be added, omitted, or combined. Also, in other examples, the features described for some examples can be combined. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0129] It should be noted that the technologies described herein can be used in various wireless communication networks, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" are generally used interchangeably. CDMA systems can implement radio technologies such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 covers standards such as IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856. Versions 0 and A of IS-2000 are commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. TDMA systems can implement radio technologies such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). OFDMA systems can implement radio technologies such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM TMetc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP LTE and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) are new versions of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and GSM are described in documents from an organization called the "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization called the "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). The techniques described herein can be used in the systems and radio technologies mentioned above and other systems and radio technologies, including cellular (e.g., LTE) communication on shared radio frequency spectrum bands. However, for purposes of illustration, the specification herein describes the LTE / LTE-A system or 5G system, and the LTE terminology is used in most of the following description, although these techniques can be applied to other next-generation communication systems.

[0130] Any of a variety of different technologies and techniques can be used to represent information and signals. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips referred to throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, computer-executable code or instructions stored on a computer-readable medium, or any combination thereof.

[0131] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the present disclosure can be implemented or performed with a specially programmed device designed to perform the functions described herein, such as, but not limited to, a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, an FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. The specially programmed processor can be a microprocessor, but optionally, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The specially programmed processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0132] The functions described herein can be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions can be stored on or transmitted via a non-transitory computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code. Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the above functions can be implemented using software executed by a specially programmed processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination thereof. The features implementing the functions can also be physically located in various places, including being distributed such that portions of the functions are implemented at different physical locations. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, the "or" in a list of items beginning with "at least one" means a disjunctive list such that, for example, "at least one of A, B, or C" means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).

[0133] Computer-readable media includes computer storage media and communication media, which communication media includes any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. The storage media can be any available media accessible by a general or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures accessible by a general or special purpose computer, or a general or special purpose processor. Also, any connection is suitable to be termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the medium is included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and optical disks as used in this application include compact disk (CD), laser disk, optical disk, digital versatile disk (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray disk, wherein disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while optical disks reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0134] The description of the present disclosure is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Additionally, although elements of the described aspects may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural form may be contemplated unless expressly stated to be limited to the singular form. Further, unless otherwise stated, all or a portion of any aspect may be used in conjunction with all or a portion of any other aspect. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described in this application, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising: Establishing a communication link with a device; Detecting at least one of the following: one or more blocked antenna modules among a plurality of antenna modules, or one or more blocked antenna sub-arrays among a plurality of antenna sub-arrays; Generating first information associated with a first beam configuration of the UE based at least on the number of the plurality of antenna modules or the number of the plurality of antenna sub-arrays, wherein the first information is the resulting number of antenna modules or antenna sub-arrays obtained by subtracting the number of the one or more blocked antenna modules from the number of the plurality of antenna modules or subtracting the number of the one or more blocked antenna sub-arrays from the number of the plurality of antenna sub-arrays; Sending the first information to the device; Receiving second information associated with a second beam configuration of the device from the device; and Performing a beam training process by sending a certain number of reference signals to the device, wherein the number of the reference signals is derived from the first information associated with the first beam configuration and the second information associated with the second beam configuration.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The generating of the first information is further based on the planar structure of the antenna modules.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The detecting at least one of the following: one or more blocked antenna modules among the plurality of antenna modules or one or more blocked antenna sub-arrays among the plurality of antenna sub-arrays is performed using one or more motion sensors, frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, photodetectors, or gyroscopes.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The communication link is a sidelink or a relay link.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Sending the first information includes: sending the first information on a sidelink channel of the communication link; and Receiving the second information includes: receiving the second information on the sidelink channel of the communication link.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, The sidelink channel is a sub-6 sidelink channel or a millimeter wave sidelink channel.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein The sidelink channel is configured by a base station (BS).

8. The method according to claim 1 further comprises: Performing a subsequent beam training process by sending a subsequent number of reference signals to the device, wherein the subsequent number of reference signals is more or less than the number of the reference signals.

9. The method according to claim 8 further comprises: Determining the subsequent number of reference signals before the subsequent beam training process based on at least one of the following: a link budget between the UE and the device, a distance between the UE and the device, environmental factors, penetration / blockage loss, fading, a size of a payload to be sent from the UE to the device, a power constraint of the UE, a power constraint of the device, or a second number of reference signals scheduled to be sent by the UE after the subsequent beam training process.

10. A user equipment (UE), comprising: A memory including instructions; A transceiver; And One or more processors operatively coupled to the memory and the transceiver, the one or more processors being configured to execute the instructions to perform the following operations: Establishing a communication link with a device; Detect at least one of the following: one or more blocked antenna modules among a plurality of antenna modules, or one or more blocked antenna sub-arrays among a plurality of antenna sub-arrays; Generate first information associated with a first beam configuration of the UE based at least on the number of the plurality of antenna modules or the number of the plurality of antenna sub-arrays, where the first information is the resulting number of antenna modules or antenna sub-arrays obtained by subtracting the number of the one or more blocked antenna modules from the number of the plurality of antenna modules or subtracting the number of the one or more blocked antenna sub-arrays from the number of the plurality of antenna sub-arrays; Send the first information to the device; Receive second information associated with a second beam configuration of the device from the device; and Perform a beam training process by sending a certain number of reference signals to the device, where the number of the reference signals is derived from the first information associated with the first beam configuration and the second information associated with the second beam configuration.

11. The UE according to claim 10, wherein, The generating of the first information is further based on the planar structure of the antenna module.

12. The UE according to claim 11, wherein, The detecting of at least one of the following: one or more blocked antenna modules among the plurality of antenna modules or one or more blocked antenna sub-arrays among the plurality of antenna sub-arrays is performed using one or more motion sensors, frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, photodetectors, or gyroscopes.

13. The UE according to claim 10, wherein The communication link is a sidelink or a relay link.

14. The UE according to claim 10, wherein: Sending the first information includes: sending the first information on a sidelink channel of the communication link; and Receiving the second information includes: receiving the second information on the sidelink channel of the communication link.

15. The UE according to claim 14, wherein, The sidelink channel is a sub-6 sidelink channel or a millimeter wave sidelink channel.

16. The UE according to claim 14, wherein, The sidelink channel is configured by a base station (BS).

17. The UE according to claim 10, wherein, The one or more processors are further configured to: perform a subsequent beam training process by sending a subsequent number of reference signals to the device, where the subsequent number of reference signals is more or less than the number of the reference signals.

18. The UE according to claim 17, wherein, The one or more processors are further configured to: determine the subsequent number of reference signals before the subsequent beam training process based on at least one of the following: a link budget between the UE and the device, a distance between the UE and the device, environmental factors, penetration / blockage loss, fading, a size of a payload to be sent from the UE to the device, a power constraint of the UE, a power constraint of the device, or a second number of reference signals scheduled to be sent by the UE after the subsequent beam training process.

19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, including instructions stored therein, which when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE) cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: Establish a communication link with a device; Detect at least one of the following: one or more blocked antenna modules among a plurality of antenna modules, or one or more blocked antenna sub-arrays among a plurality of antenna sub-arrays; Generate first information associated with a first beam configuration of the UE based at least on the number of the plurality of antenna modules or the number of the plurality of antenna sub-arrays, where the first information is the resulting number of antenna modules or antenna sub-arrays obtained by subtracting the number of the one or more blocked antenna modules from the number of the plurality of antenna modules or subtracting the number of the one or more blocked antenna sub-arrays from the number of the plurality of antenna sub-arrays; Send the first information to the device; Receive second information associated with a second beam configuration of the device from the device; and Perform a beam training process by sending a certain number of reference signals to the device, where the number of the reference signals is derived from the first information associated with the first beam configuration and the second information associated with the second beam configuration.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 19, wherein, The instructions cause the one or more processors to generate the first information also based on the planar structure of the antenna module.

21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 20, wherein, The instructions cause the one or more processors to detect at least one of the following: one or more blocked antenna modules among the plurality of antenna modules or one or more blocked antenna sub-arrays among the plurality of antenna sub-arrays is performed using one or more motion sensors, frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, photodetectors, or gyroscopes.

22. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 19, wherein, The communication link is a sidelink or a relay link.

23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 19, wherein: The instructions for sending the first information further include: instructions that cause the one or more processors to send the first information on a sidelink channel of the communication link when executed by the one or more processors; and The instructions for receiving the second information further include: instructions that cause the one or more processors to receive the second information on the sidelink channel of the communication link when executed by the one or more processors.

24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 23, wherein, The sidelink channel is a sub-6 sidelink channel or a millimeter-wave sidelink channel.

25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 23, wherein, The sidelink channel is configured by a base station (BS).

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