A sum-and-difference beam scanning leaky-wave antenna with integrated 180-degree hybrid network

Abstract

The present invention provides a sum-and-difference beam scanning leaky wave antenna integrated with a 180-degree hybrid network, comprising a dielectric plate, a first periodic leaky wave antenna, a second periodic leaky wave antenna, a 180-degree hybrid network, and a metal ground plate; the dielectric plate is mounted on the metal ground plate, and the first periodic leaky wave antenna, the second periodic leaky wave antenna, and the 180-degree hybrid network are mounted on the dielectric plate; the first periodic leaky wave antenna is connected to an output port of the 180-degree hybrid network, and the second periodic leaky wave antenna is connected to another output port of the 180-degree hybrid network; the number of units in the first periodic leaky wave antenna is less than the number of units in the second periodic leaky wave antenna; the present invention solves the problems of complex structure, high cost, and low precision in the prior art, and has the advantages of low cost, easy integration, easy processing, and the ability to achieve high-precision target detection and tracking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of communication equipment, and more specifically, to a sum-and-difference beam scanning leaky-wave antenna integrated with a 180-degree hybrid network. Background Art

[0002] Leaky wave antenna is a traveling wave antenna, whose main feature is that the main lobe beam can be scanned with the change of frequency. Traditional leaky wave antenna is realized by slit metal rectangular waveguide. The disadvantage of this solution is that the waveguide is large and not easy to integrate. Later, the solution of using microstrip line or substrate integrated waveguide has aroused people's interest due to its advantages such as planar structure, small size, easy circuit integration, etc. Therefore, leaky wave antenna with single beam scanning has been widely studied.

[0003] In radar and other systems, the influence of beam width in single beam scanning will lead to errors in determining the target angle. Using sum and difference beams to improve the accuracy of target positioning and achieve target tracking has a great improvement in radar performance. Therefore, designing a leaky wave antenna with sum and difference beam scanning function has practical application value in radar and other systems.

[0004] There are two main solutions for traditional beam scanning solutions, one of which is mechanical scanning, which requires the antenna to be placed on a turntable. This solution is not easy to integrate, has high cost and limited accuracy. The other is a phased array antenna, which requires a complex feeding network, which is complex to design and has high cost. In response to this problem, an existing patent discloses a substrate integrated waveguide leaky wave antenna with a large circular polarization beam scanning range, which solves the problem of the small circular polarization beam scanning range of traditional circular polarization leaky wave antennas. However, the existing leaky wave antennas with beam scanning functions are complex in structure, high in cost and low in accuracy. Therefore, how to design a leaky wave antenna that is low-cost, easy to integrate, easy to process, and capable of high-precision detection and tracking is an urgent problem to be solved in this technical field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a sum-and-difference beam scanning leaky-wave antenna integrated with a 180-degree hybrid network. The antenna has the advantages of low cost, easy integration, easy processing, and the ability to achieve high-precision detection and tracking.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A sum-and-difference beam scanning leaky wave antenna with an integrated 180-degree hybrid network comprises a dielectric plate, a first periodic leaky wave antenna, a second periodic leaky wave antenna, a 180-degree hybrid network, and a metal ground plate; the dielectric plate is mounted on the metal ground plate, and the first periodic leaky wave antenna, the second periodic leaky wave antenna, and the 180-degree hybrid network are mounted on the dielectric plate; the first periodic leaky wave antenna is connected to an output port of the 180-degree hybrid network, and the second periodic leaky wave antenna is connected to another output port of the 180-degree hybrid network; the number of units in the first periodic leaky wave antenna is less than the number of units in the second periodic leaky wave antenna.

[0008] Furthermore, the first periodic leaky wave antenna includes 11 periodic units, each unit has two staggered slots and two short-circuit pins; the units are arranged periodically, and the periodic distance is p 1 .

[0009] Furthermore, the second periodic leaky wave antenna includes 12 periodic units, each unit has two staggered slots and two short-circuit pins; the units are arranged periodically, and the periodic distance is p 2 .

[0010] Furthermore, the periodic distance p in the first periodic leaky-wave antenna is 1 is greater than the periodic distance p in the second periodic leaky-wave antenna 2 .

[0011] Furthermore, the length and width of the slot in the first periodic leaky wave antenna are the same as those of the slot in the second periodic leaky wave antenna; the distance of the slot in the first periodic leaky wave antenna relative to the central axis of the antenna is the same as that of the slot in the second periodic leaky wave antenna relative to the central axis of the antenna.

[0012] Furthermore, the diameter of the short-circuit nail in the first periodic leaky-wave antenna is the same as that of the short-circuit nail in the second periodic leaky-wave antenna; the distance b between the short-circuit nail in the first periodic leaky-wave antenna and the central axis of the antenna is via1 and the distance b between the short-circuit nail and the central axis of the second periodic leaky wave antenna via2 different.

[0013] Furthermore, the first slot in the first periodic leaky wave antenna is at a distance x from the initial position of the SIW. a1 The distance from the first slot in the second periodic leaky wave antenna to the initial position of SIW is x a2 Different; the last slot in the first periodic leaky wave antenna is located at the end position of SIW x b1The distance from the last slot in the second periodic leaky wave antenna to the end position of SIW is x b2 different.

[0014] Furthermore, the first periodic leaky-wave antenna, the second periodic leaky-wave antenna and two output ports of the 180-degree hybrid network are connected to form the entire antenna structure.

[0015] Furthermore, the sum port in the 180-degree hybrid network is excited, and at the same time, the first periodic leaky wave antenna terminal, the second periodic leaky wave antenna terminal and the difference port of the 180-degree hybrid network are connected to the load to achieve sum beam scanning; the difference port in the 180-degree hybrid network is excited, and at the same time, the first periodic leaky wave antenna terminal, the second periodic leaky wave antenna terminal and the sum port of the 180-degree hybrid network are connected to the load to achieve difference beam scanning.

[0016] Preferably, the resistance of the load is 50Ω.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention forms a first leaky wave antenna and a second leaky wave antenna by respectively etching slot pairs of different periods in two substrate integrated waveguides, so that the antenna can simultaneously radiate two beams of different angles into space; at the same time, the introduction of short-circuit nails for impedance matching can effectively suppress the open stopband effect; when the sum port is fed and the other ports are connected to a 50Ω load, the antenna will radiate a sum beam with a large beam width; when the difference port and the other ports are connected to a 50Ω load for feeding, the antenna will radiate a difference beam; therefore, this structure can not only provide sufficient working bandwidth and gain, but also realize a wide scanning range within the working bandwidth, thereby solving the problem that the leaky wave antenna with beam scanning function in the prior art has low precision and cannot realize accurate angle measurement and tracking. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the leaky wave antenna;

[0020] Figure 2 is a top view of the leaky wave antenna;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a simple schematic diagram of two leaky wave antennas in this leaky wave antenna;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of two leaky wave antenna units in the leaky wave antenna;

[0023] Figure 5 is a side view of the leaky-wave antenna;

[0024] Figure 6Schematic diagram of a 180-degree hybrid network in the leaky wave antenna, (a) is a top view thereof, and (b) is a bottom view thereof;

[0025] Figure 7 is the reflection coefficient diagram of the sum port and the difference port in this leaky wave antenna;

[0026] Figure 8 It is the isolation diagram of the sum port and the difference port in this leaky wave antenna;

[0027] Fig. 9 is a transmission coefficient diagram of the present leaky wave antenna, wherein: (a) a transmission coefficient diagram of a sum port and two leaky wave antenna terminals; (b) a transmission coefficient diagram of a difference port and two leaky wave antenna terminals;

[0028] Fig.10 This leaky wave antenna is On the roll angle plane, the sum beam radiation patterns operating at (a) 11.5 GHz, (b) 12.5 GHz, (c) 13.5 GHz, (d) 14.5 GHz, (e) 15.5 GHz, and (f) 16.5 GHz;

[0029] Fig.11 This leaky wave antenna is The difference beam radiation patterns of the rolling angle plane working at (a) 11.5 GHz, (b) 12.5 GHz, (c) 13.5 GHz, (d) 14.5 GHz, (e) 15.5 GHz, and (f) 16.5 GHz;

[0030] Fig.12 is the gain diagram of the sum beam of this leaky wave antenna;

[0031] Fig.13 are the gain diagrams of the two beams in the difference beam of this leaky-wave antenna;

[0032] Fig.14 is the null depth map of the difference beam in this leaky-wave antenna;

[0033] Fig.15 It is a beam scanning range diagram of this leaky wave antenna;

[0034] Fig.16 is the efficiency diagram of this leaky-wave antenna;

[0035] Among them, 1-dielectric board, 2-first leaky wave antenna, 3-second leaky wave antenna, 4-180 degree hybrid network, 5-metal ground plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present patent;

[0037] In order to better illustrate the present embodiment, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product;

[0038] It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, in a specific embodiment, a sum-difference beam scanning leaky wave antenna with integrated 180-degree hybrid network includes a dielectric plate 1, a first leaky wave antenna 2, a second leaky wave antenna 3, a 180-degree hybrid network 4, and a metal ground plate 5; the dielectric plate 1 is mounted on the metal ground plate 5, and the first leaky wave antenna 2 and the second leaky wave antenna 3 are mounted on the dielectric plate 1; the first periodic leaky wave antenna is connected to an output port of the 180-degree hybrid network; the second periodic leaky wave antenna is connected to another output port of the 180-degree hybrid network. The number of units in the first periodic leaky wave antenna is less than the number of units in the second periodic leaky wave antenna.

[0042] In this embodiment, the first leaky wave antenna and the second leaky wave antenna can be leaky wave antennas with planar structures suitable for manufacturing microwave integrated circuits, including those based on metal microstrip lines, coplanar lines, slot lines and fin lines, and the leaky wave antenna performance is obtained by loading a periodic perturbation structure on the planar transmission line.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, in a specific embodiment, a sum-and-difference beam scanning leaky wave antenna with an integrated 180-degree hybrid network includes a dielectric plate 1, a first leaky wave antenna 2, a second leaky wave antenna 3, a 180-degree hybrid network 4, and a metal ground plate 5; the dielectric plate 1 is mounted on the metal ground plate 5, and the first leaky wave antenna 2 and the second leaky wave antenna 3 are mounted on the dielectric plate 1; the first leaky wave antenna 2 and the second leaky wave antenna 3 are mounted on the dielectric plate 1; the first periodic leaky wave antenna is connected to an output port of the 180-degree hybrid network; the second periodic leaky wave antenna is connected to another output port of the 180-degree hybrid network. In this embodiment, the dielectric plate 1 is a solid dielectric, which has the characteristics of low assembly difficulty and easy production. The dielectric plate 1 is located On the rolling angle plane, the first leaky wave antenna 2 and the second leaky wave antenna 3 are respectively installed on both sides of the central axis of the dielectric plate 1, and are connected through microstrip lines and two output ports of the 180-degree hybrid network, integrating the 180-degree hybrid network into the leaky wave antenna.

[0045] In a specific embodiment, the first periodic leaky wave antenna includes 11 periodic units, each unit having a pair of staggered slots and a pair of short-circuit pins. The units are arranged periodically, and the periodic distance is p 1 .

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the second periodic leaky wave antenna includes 12 periodic units, each unit having a pair of staggered slots and a pair of short-circuit pins. The units are arranged periodically, and the periodic distance is p 2 .

[0047] In a specific embodiment, the unit ( Figure 4 ) of the period distance p 1 is larger than the unit consisting of the slot pair and the short-circuit nail pair in the second leaky wave antenna ( Figure 4 ) of the period distance p 2 In this implementation, 1 19.6mm, p 2 It is 18mm.

[0048] The length and width of the slot in the first periodic leaky wave antenna are the same as the slot in the second periodic leaky wave antenna. The distance of the slot in the first periodic leaky wave antenna relative to the central axis of the antenna is the same as the distance of the slot in the second periodic leaky wave antenna relative to the central axis of the antenna. In this embodiment, the length of the slot is 7 mm, the width is 1 mm, and the distance of the slot relative to the central axis of each leaky wave antenna is 3.2 mm.

[0049] The diameter of the short-circuit nail in the first periodic leaky wave antenna (2) is the same as that of the short-circuit nail in the second periodic leaky wave antenna (3). The distance between the short-circuit nail in the first periodic leaky wave antenna (2) and the central axis of the antenna is different from the distance between the short-circuit nail in the second periodic leaky wave antenna (3) and the central axis of the antenna. In this embodiment, the diameter of the short-circuit nail is 0.8 mm, the distance between the short-circuit nail in the first leaky wave antenna and the central axis of the antenna is 3.2 mm, and the distance between the short-circuit nail in the second leaky wave antenna and the central axis of the antenna is 3.05 mm.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] like Figure 1As shown, in a specific embodiment, a sum-difference beam scanning leaky wave antenna with an integrated 180-degree hybrid network includes a dielectric plate 1 with a dielectric constant of 2.2, a loss tangent of 0.0009, a length of 264 mm, a width of 40 mm, and a thickness of 0.762 mm, a first leaky wave antenna 2, a second leaky wave antenna 3, a 180-degree hybrid network 4, and a metal ground plate 5 with a length of 264 mm and a width of 40 mm; the dielectric plate 1 is mounted on the metal ground plate 5, and the first leaky wave antenna 2 and the second leaky wave antenna 3 are mounted on the dielectric plate 1; the first periodic leaky wave antenna is connected to an output port of the 180-degree hybrid network; the second periodic leaky wave antenna is connected to another output port of the 180-degree hybrid network. The number of units in the first periodic leaky wave antenna is less than the number of units in the second periodic leaky wave antenna, and the periodic distance of the units in the first periodic leaky wave antenna is greater than the periodic distance of the units in the second periodic leaky wave antenna.

[0052] In this embodiment, the leaky wave antenna is made by using printed circuit board technology and metallized vias, which has the advantages of low cost and low assembly difficulty.

[0053] In a specific embodiment, the number of units in the first leaky wave antenna is 11, and a periodic unit includes a pair of staggered slot pairs and a pair of staggered short-circuit pins. The unit period distance is p 1 In this embodiment, p 1 =19.6mm.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, the number of units in the first leaky wave antenna is 12, and one periodic unit includes a pair of staggered slot pairs and a pair of staggered shorting pins. The unit period distance is p 2 In this embodiment, p 2 =18mm.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, the unit period distance p in the first leaky wave antenna is 1 is greater than the unit period distance p in the second leaky wave antenna 2 .

[0056] In a specific embodiment, the length and width of the slot in the first periodic leaky wave antenna are the same as the slot in the second periodic leaky wave antenna. The distance between the slot in the first periodic leaky wave antenna and the central axis of the antenna is the same as the distance between the slot in the second periodic leaky wave antenna and the central axis of the antenna. In this embodiment, the length of the slot is 7 mm, the width is 1 mm, and the distance between the slot and the central axis of the antenna is 3.2 mm.

[0057] In a specific embodiment, the diameter of the short-circuit nail in the first periodic leaky wave antenna is the same as that of the short-circuit nail in the second periodic leaky wave antenna. The distance between the short-circuit nail in the first periodic leaky wave antenna and the central axis of the antenna is different from the distance between the short-circuit nail in the second periodic leaky wave antenna and the central axis of the antenna. The diameter of the short-circuit nail in this embodiment is 0.8 mm, the distance between the short-circuit nail and the central axis in the first leaky wave antenna is 3.2 mm, and the distance between the short-circuit nail and the central axis in the second leaky wave antenna is 3.05 mm.

[0058] In a specific embodiment, the distance between the first slot in the first periodic leaky wave antenna 2 and the SIW initial position is different from the distance between the first slot in the second periodic leaky wave antenna 3 and the SIW initial position. In this embodiment, the distance between the first slot of the first leaky wave antenna and the SIW initial position is 3.2 mm, and the distance between the first slot of the second leaky wave antenna and the SIW initial position is 2.2 mm. The distance between the last slot in the first leaky wave antenna and the SIW end position and the last slot in the second leaky wave antenna and the SIW end position are both 1 mm.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, when the sum port of the 180-degree hybrid network is powered, the other three ports are connected to impedance loads; when the difference port of the 180-degree hybrid network is powered, the other three ports are connected to impedance loads.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, the resistance of the impedance load is 50Ω.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, in a specific embodiment, a sum-difference beam scanning leaky wave antenna with an integrated 180-degree hybrid network includes a dielectric plate 1 with a dielectric constant of 2.2, a loss tangent of 0.0009, a length of 264 mm, a width of 40 mm, and a thickness of 0.762 mm, a first leaky wave antenna 2, a second leaky wave antenna 3, a 180-degree hybrid network 4, and a metal ground plate 5 with a length of 264 mm and a width of 40 mm; the dielectric plate 1 is mounted on the metal ground plate 5, and the first leaky wave antenna 2 and the second leaky wave antenna 3 are mounted on the dielectric plate 1; the first periodic leaky wave antenna is connected to an output port of the 180-degree hybrid network; the second periodic leaky wave antenna is connected to another output port of the 180-degree hybrid network. The number of units in the first periodic leaky wave antenna is less than the number of units in the second periodic leaky wave antenna, and the periodic distance of the units in the first periodic leaky wave antenna is greater than the periodic distance of the units in the second periodic leaky wave antenna.

[0063] In this embodiment, the first leaky wave antenna 2, the second leaky wave antenna 3, and the 180-degree hybrid network are all planar structures.

[0064] In this embodiment, the dielectric plate 1 is a solid dielectric, which has the characteristics of low assembly difficulty and easy production.

[0065] In this embodiment, the leaky wave antenna is made by using printed circuit board technology and metallized vias, which has the advantages of low cost and low assembly difficulty.

[0066] In a specific embodiment, the number of units in the first leaky wave antenna is 11, and a periodic unit includes a pair of staggered slot pairs and a pair of staggered short-circuit pins. The unit period distance is p 1 In this embodiment, p 1 =19.6mm.

[0067] In a specific embodiment, the number of units in the first leaky wave antenna is 12, and one periodic unit includes a pair of staggered slot pairs and a pair of staggered shorting pins. The unit period distance is p 2 In this embodiment, p 2 =18mm.

[0068] In a specific embodiment, the unit period distance p in the first leaky wave antenna is 1 is greater than the unit period distance p in the second leaky wave antenna 2 .

[0069] In a specific embodiment, the length and width of the slot in the first periodic leaky wave antenna are the same as the slot in the second periodic leaky wave antenna. The distance between the slot in the first periodic leaky wave antenna and the central axis of the antenna is the same as the distance between the slot in the second periodic leaky wave antenna and the central axis of the antenna. In this embodiment, the length of the slot is 7 mm, the width is 1 mm, and the distance between the slot and the central axis of the antenna is 3.2 mm.

[0070] In a specific embodiment, the diameter of the short-circuit nail in the first periodic leaky wave antenna is the same as that of the short-circuit nail in the second periodic leaky wave antenna. The distance between the short-circuit nail in the first periodic leaky wave antenna and the central axis of the antenna is different from the distance between the short-circuit nail in the second periodic leaky wave antenna and the central axis of the antenna. The diameter of the short-circuit nail in this embodiment is 0.8 mm, the distance between the short-circuit nail and the central axis in the first leaky wave antenna is 3.2 mm, and the distance between the short-circuit nail and the central axis in the second leaky wave antenna is 3.05 mm.

[0071] In a specific embodiment, the distance between the first slot in the first periodic leaky wave antenna 2 and the SIW initial position is different from the distance between the first slot in the second periodic leaky wave antenna 3 and the SIW initial position. In this embodiment, the distance between the first slot of the first leaky wave antenna and the SIW initial position is 3.2 mm, and the distance between the first slot of the second leaky wave antenna and the SIW initial position is 2.2 mm. The distance between the last slot in the first leaky wave antenna and the SIW end position and the last slot in the second leaky wave antenna and the SIW end position are both 1 mm.

[0072] In a specific embodiment, when the sum port of the 180-degree hybrid network is powered, the other three ports are connected to impedance loads; when the difference port of the 180-degree hybrid network is powered, the other three ports are connected to impedance loads.

[0073] In a specific embodiment, the resistance of the impedance load is 50Ω.

[0074] like Figure 7 As shown, the impedance bandwidth of port 1 (and port) (|S11|<-10dB) and the impedance bandwidth of port 2 (difference port) (|S22|<-10dB) basically meet the |S|<-10dB requirement in the range of 11GHz-17GHz.

[0075] like Figure 8 As shown, the measured isolation between port 1 (sum port) and port 2 (difference port) is greater than 20dB, and there is good isolation between the sum port and the difference port.

[0076] like Fig. 9 As shown in (a), the transmission coefficients of port 1 (and port) and the two output ports are close to -10dB, indicating that when the and port are fed, the energy transmitted to the two leaky wave antennas is well radiated into the free space. Fig. 9 As shown in (b), the transmission coefficients of port 2 (difference port) and the two output ports are close to -10dB, indicating that when the difference port is fed, the energy is well radiated into the free space.

[0077] like Fig.10 (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) show that On the roll angle plane, it operates at 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.5, 15.5, and 16.5 GHz and beam patterns.

[0078] like Fig.11 (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) show that On the roll angle plane, it operates at the difference beam patterns of 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.5, 15.5, and 16.5 GHz.

[0079] like Fig.12 As shown, the gain of the sum beam increases with the frequency, and the maximum gain reaches 15.9dBi.

[0080] like Fig.13 As shown, the gains of the two beams in the difference beam are approximately 12.5 dBi and the difference between the two gains does not exceed 1 dB.

[0081] like Fig.14 As shown, the measured null depth in the difference beam can reach as low as 40.8 dB.

[0082] like Fig.15 As shown, the scanning of the null point in the sum beam and the difference beam is consistent, and the scanning range of the antenna is from -33.4° to 20.8°.

[0083] like Fig.16 As shown, the radiation efficiency and the total efficiency when the two ports (the sum port and the difference port) in the antenna are fed are almost the same, the radiation efficiency is about 80%, and the total efficiency is about 60%.

[0084] The present invention assembles the leaky wave antenna on a dielectric plate with a dielectric constant of 2.2, a loss tangent of 0.0009, a loss tangent of 0.0009, a length of 264mm, a width of 40mm, and a thickness of 0.762mm, and integrates the first leaky wave antenna 2, the second leaky wave antenna 3, and the 180-degree hybrid network 4 together. In each leaky wave antenna, spatial harmonics are generated through longitudinal gaps to radiate energy into space. When the periods are different, the beam angles radiated by each leaky wave antenna are also different, thereby achieving the simultaneous radiation of two beams of different angles into space. When the sum port is used for feeding, the antenna radiates a sum beam; when the difference port is used for feeding, the antenna radiates a difference beam. Therefore, this structure can not only provide sufficient working bandwidth and gain, but also solve the problem that the leaky wave antenna with a single beam scanning function in the prior art cannot achieve high-precision angle measurement and tracking.

[0085] The same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components;

[0086] The positional relationships described in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present patent.

[0087] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sum-and-difference beam scanning leaky wave antenna with integrated 180-degree hybrid network, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dielectric plate (1), a first periodic leaky wave antenna (2), a second periodic leaky wave antenna (3), a 180-degree hybrid network (4), and a metal ground plate (5); the dielectric plate (1) is mounted on the metal ground plate (5), and the first periodic leaky wave antenna (2), the second periodic leaky wave antenna (3), and the 180-degree hybrid network (4) are mounted on the dielectric plate (1); the first periodic leaky wave antenna (2) is connected to an output port of the 180-degree hybrid network (4), and the second periodic leaky wave antenna (3) is connected to another output port of the 180-degree hybrid network (4); the number of units in the first periodic leaky wave antenna (2) is less than the number of units in the second periodic leaky wave antenna (3); The first periodic leaky wave antenna (2) comprises 11 periodic units, each unit having two staggered slots and two short-circuit pins; the units are arranged periodically, and the periodic distance is p1; The second periodic leaky wave antenna (3) comprises 12 periodic units, each unit having two staggered slots and two short-circuit pins; the units are arranged periodically, and the periodic distance is p2; The diameter of the short-circuit nail in the first periodic leaky-wave antenna (2) is the same as that of the short-circuit nail in the second periodic leaky-wave antenna (3); the distance b between the short-circuit nail in the first periodic leaky-wave antenna (2) and the central axis of the antenna is via1 and the distance b between the short-circuit nail in the second periodic leaky wave antenna (3) and the central axis of the antenna via2 different; The sum port in the 180-degree hybrid network (4) is excited, and at the same time, the first periodic leaky wave antenna (2) terminal, the second periodic leaky wave antenna (3) terminal and the difference port of the 180-degree hybrid network (4) are connected to a load to achieve sum beam scanning; the difference port in the 180-degree hybrid network (4) is excited, and at the same time, the first periodic leaky wave antenna (2) terminal, the second periodic leaky wave antenna (3) terminal and the sum port of the 180-degree hybrid network (4) are connected to a load to achieve difference beam scanning.

2. The sum-and-difference beam scanning leaky wave antenna with integrated 180-degree hybrid network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The periodic distance p1 in the first periodic leaky-wave antenna (2) is greater than the periodic distance p2 in the second periodic leaky-wave antenna (3).

3. The sum-and-difference beam scanning leaky wave antenna with integrated 180-degree hybrid network according to claim 2, characterized in that: The length and width of the slot in the first periodic leaky-wave antenna (2) are the same as those of the slot in the second periodic leaky-wave antenna (3); the distance between the slot in the first periodic leaky-wave antenna (2) and the central axis of the antenna is the same as that between the slot in the second periodic leaky-wave antenna (3) and the central axis of the antenna.

4. The sum-and-difference beam scanning leaky wave antenna with integrated 180-degree hybrid network according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first slot in the first periodic leaky wave antenna (2) is located at a distance x from the initial position of SIW. a1 The distance between the first slot in the second periodic leaky wave antenna (3) and the initial position of SIW is x a2 Different; the last slot in the first periodic leaky wave antenna (2) is at a distance x from the end of the SIW b1 The distance between the last slot in the second periodic leaky wave antenna (3) and the end position of SIW is x b2 different.

5. The sum-and-difference beam scanning leaky-wave antenna with integrated 180-degree hybrid network according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first periodic leaky-wave antenna (2), the second periodic leaky-wave antenna (3) and two output ports of the 180-degree hybrid network are connected to form the entire antenna structure.

6. The sum-and-difference beam scanning leaky-wave antenna with integrated 180-degree hybrid network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resistance of the load is 50Ω.

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