Thermal management system and method for energy storage container

Abstract

The present invention relates to a thermal management system and method for an energy storage container, and belongs to the field of energy storage battery containers. The system includes a cooling water circuit and a refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, a fluorine pump, a four-way valve, a condenser, an expansion valve, a second stop valve and a battery cooler. The first stop valve, an evaporator, an electronic fan, a gas-liquid separator, a third stop valve and a fourth stop valve, as well as a plurality of refrigerant circuit pipes are connected to various components. The cooling water circuit includes a water pump, a three-way valve with two branches of an energy storage battery pack, a high-pressure PTC and a low-temperature radiator. The present invention can efficiently and accurately manage the temperature of the batteries in the energy storage container, meet the requirements of economy and environmental protection, and at the same time expand the use scenarios of the energy storage container and extend its service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of energy storage battery containers and relates to a thermal management system and method for energy storage containers. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, driven by a variety of factors, including domestic environmental protection demands, the implementation of peak-valley electricity pricing policies, the rise of renewable energy generation, and the need for stable electricity supply in production enterprises, energy storage power stations have ushered in growth opportunities. However, battery energy storage power stations, particularly those with high energy density and enclosed structures like battery storage containers, require precise battery pack temperature management and long-term stable air conditioning system operation due to their high heat dissipation and all-season operation. This requires the air conditioning system to operate as economically and energy-efficiently as possible, presenting new challenges for the air conditioning system of battery storage containers.

[0003] Energy storage containers feature tightly packed modules and a confined interior. Due to their high energy density and stringent safety requirements, precise management of heat dissipated during battery charging, discharging, and storage is crucial. This prevents excessive temperature fluctuations, which can increase internal resistance and damage the battery, ultimately shortening the lifespan of the energy storage equipment. In severe cases, this can even cause thermal imbalance, leading to spontaneous combustion or explosion. In cold climates, the low temperatures reduce the activity of materials within the energy storage containers, increasing resistance to the flow of positive and negative ions and reducing battery capacity. In these situations, the batteries require thermal insulation to prevent excessive power loss during storage, which could weaken or even fail the container. Alternatively, during the early stages of charging and discharging, low temperatures can reduce internal ion activity, resulting in insufficient efficiency to meet fast charging and discharging requirements. Therefore, effective thermal insulation and heat preservation are crucial in cold weather. In today's climate of promoting environmental protection and energy conservation and emission reduction, managing thermal management in energy storage containers in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner to extend their service life is crucial.

[0004] Existing thermal management methods for energy storage containers primarily include air cooling and liquid cooling. The air cooling method's space-consuming air ducts and air distribution devices squeeze the battery storage space within the container, reducing battery capacity. This approach also leads to high energy consumption and low efficiency. Furthermore, precise battery temperature management is challenging, making development challenging. Existing liquid cooling systems also have limited functionality, low COP efficiency, and poor economic and environmental performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a thermal management system and method for an energy storage container to efficiently and accurately manage the battery temperature of the energy storage container, meet the requirements of economy and environmental protection, and at the same time expand the use scenarios of the energy storage container and extend its service life.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A thermal management system for an energy storage container, comprising:

[0008] A first circuit, comprising an energy storage battery pack, a three-way valve, a low-temperature radiator, and a water pump arranged in sequence and connected back to the energy storage battery pack; a first branch connected to the three-way valve, the first branch being connected in parallel with the low-temperature radiator; the first branch including a battery cooler and a PTC in a direction away from the three-way valve;

[0009] A second circuit, connected to the battery cooler, includes, in sequence, an evaporator, a first stop valve, and a second stop valve; a second branch is connected to the second circuit, and the second branch includes, in sequence, a four-way valve, a condenser, and an expansion valve, and is connected in parallel with the evaporator and the first stop valve;

[0010] The third circuit is connected to the four-way valve and includes a gas-liquid separator, a third stop valve, and a fluorine pump in sequence; the third circuit is connected to a third branch, and the third branch includes a fourth stop valve and a compressor in sequence;

[0011] The first circuit is a cooling water circuit, and the second circuit and the third circuit are refrigerant circuits.

[0012] Optionally, the low-temperature radiator, condenser, evaporator, and electronic fan are sealed by air ducts and controllable dampers, and the air suction or blowing function for the inside or outside of the container can be achieved by controlling the operation combination of different dampers.

[0013] A thermal management method for an energy storage container is provided. The thermal management system for the energy storage container is provided as described above, and a first cooling mode is provided. Low-temperature cooling water enters an energy storage battery pack through a water pump; heated antifreeze enters a low-temperature radiator through a three-way valve. The low-temperature radiator is operated by an electronic fan and circulates air through the low-temperature antifreeze after discharge, and then circulates into the water pump.

[0014] Optionally, a second refrigeration mode is provided. In this second refrigeration mode, based on the activation of the first refrigeration mode, the refrigerant is pumped into the four-way valve by the fluorine pump and enters the condenser to form a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid, which circulates into the expansion valve to form a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid. The refrigerant after entering the battery cooler is subjected to heat exchange to form a low-temperature and low-pressure gas, which enters the gas-liquid separator through the four-way valve and circulates into the fluorine pump through the opened third stop valve; the high-temperature antifreeze flowing out of the energy storage battery pack is regulated by the three-way valve and enters the battery cooler to be cooled into a low-temperature antifreeze, which circulates into the non-working PTC and is circulated into the energy storage battery pack by the water pump to cool the battery pack.

[0015] Optionally, a third refrigeration mode is provided. In the third refrigeration mode, based on the activation of the first refrigeration mode and the second refrigeration mode, low-temperature cooling water is pumped into the energy storage battery pack by a water pump, and the heated antifreeze enters the low-temperature radiator and the battery cooler for cooling at the same time through the three-way valve. The cooled low-temperature antifreeze is collected and circulated into the water pump; the refrigerant is pumped into the four-way valve by the running fluorine pump and then enters the condenser for cooling through convection heat exchange with the wind, and then enters the expansion valve to expand to form a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid. The refrigerant entering the battery cooler forms a low-temperature and low-pressure gas through heat exchange, enters the gas-liquid separator through the four-way valve, and then circulates into the fluorine pump through the opened third stop valve.

[0016] Optionally, a fourth refrigeration mode is provided. In the fourth refrigeration mode, based on the activation of the first refrigeration mode, the second refrigeration mode, and the third refrigeration mode, the high-temperature antifreeze liquid that absorbs heat and flows out of the energy storage battery pack is regulated by the three-way valve and enters the battery cooler to be cooled into low-temperature antifreeze liquid. After circulating into the non-working PTC, it is circulated into the energy storage battery pack by the water pump to cool the battery pack; the refrigerant is pressurized by the compressor to form a high-temperature and high-pressure liquid, and then enters the expansion valve to form a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid. The refrigerant entering the battery cooler absorbs heat to form a low-temperature and low-pressure gas, and then enters the gas-liquid separator through the four-way valve. The refrigerant entering the gas-liquid separator circulates into the compressor through the opened fourth stop valve.

[0017] Optionally, a first heating mode is provided, in which the refrigerant is pressurized by the compressor to form a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, circulates into the four-way valve and enters the battery cooler for cooling to form a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid, and then enters the expansion valve to form a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid; after entering the condenser, it releases heat through air convection to form a low-temperature and low-pressure gas, passes through the four-way valve and enters the gas-liquid separator, and is circulated and sucked into the compressor through the open fourth stop valve; the low-temperature antifreeze that flows into the battery cooler absorbs the heat of the refrigerant to form a high-temperature antifreeze, passes through the unactivated PTC and flows into the water pump for pressurization and then is pumped into the energy storage battery pack. The antifreeze that has released heat circulates through the three-way valve and flows into the battery cooler to form a cycle.

[0018] Optionally, a second heating mode is provided, wherein the second heating mode enables PTC based on the first heating mode being turned on.

[0019] Optionally, a dehumidification mode is provided, in which the refrigerant is pressurized by the compressor to form a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, and then enters the condenser through the four-way valve to form a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid, and is expanded by the expansion valve to form a low-temperature and low-pressure gas. The refrigerant enters the evaporator through the first stop valve to absorb heat to form a low-temperature and low-pressure gas, and then enters the gas-liquid separator through the four-way valve, and then circulates into the compressor through the open fourth stop valve to form a refrigerant circulation.

[0020] Optionally, when the dehumidification mode is turned on, the humid air in the container is pressurized by the fan and returns to the interior of the container through the evaporator and condenser. The moisture released from the air after passing through the evaporator is discharged to the outside of the container through a pipeline.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] This invention develops a new type of liquid-cooled energy storage container battery thermal management system for energy storage batteries under different ambient temperatures and different battery pack heat dissipation requirements. This system uses different modes for precise thermal management, meeting the battery temperature management requirements with the lowest energy consumption, while improving the reliability of the thermal management system. Based on the different heat dissipation levels of the battery packs in the energy storage container, a variety of heat dissipation scenarios are developed. In addition to taking into account the main function of battery heat dissipation, these modes also have the advantages of low energy consumption, high COP value, reduced frequent start-stop times of the refrigerant circuit, and improved system operation reliability.

[0023] The present invention expands the application environment of energy storage containers. In low-temperature environments, the two combined scenarios of economical and energy-saving air-conditioning systems, heat pump systems, and PTC heating units are used to meet the insulation and heating requirements of battery packs in energy storage containers under different working conditions, reduce the impact of low-temperature environments on battery capacity, and avoid the weakening of energy storage containers or inefficiency in charging caused by battery power failure due to low-temperature factors. In the case where the battery packs in energy storage containers need to be kept warm and heated, the heat pump working mode of the air-conditioning system is fully utilized to reduce energy consumption, achieving low-carbon economy and environmental protection. Taking into account the possibility that its heating capacity may be insufficient, a power-adjustable high-voltage PTC is connected in series in the water cooling system to meet the needs of different levels of heating capacity. Through such a combination mode, the battery pack can be quickly heated up in the early stage, and the heat pump mode can achieve low-energy consumption and continuous insulation in the later stage, achieving the best balance between economy and functionality.

[0024] When the humidity inside the energy storage container is high, the present invention uses an air conditioning refrigeration and dehumidification mode to reduce the adverse effects of humid air on the electronic circuits inside the energy storage container, extend the service life of the electrical components of the energy storage container, and enhance the stability and reliability of the energy storage container operation process. In a high humidity environment, the moisture in the air can easily accelerate the internal corrosion of the energy storage container equipment and facilities, thereby shortening the service life of the energy storage container; secondly, the electrical components inside the energy storage container are prone to failures such as short circuits, sparks, and unstable operation due to high humidity air, reducing the reliability of the system. At this time, the internal air can be dehumidified through the dehumidification mode. This mode can achieve complete internal circulation by controlling the damper, without external air exchange or heat dissipation, thereby ensuring the stability of the air temperature and humidity inside the energy storage container.

[0025] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will be described in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following description or may be learned from practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first cooling mode operation;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second cooling mode operation;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the third cooling mode operation;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth cooling mode operation;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first heating mode operation;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second heating mode operation;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a working diagram of dehumidification mode.

[0035] Figure numerals: compressor 1, four-way valve 2, condenser 3, expansion valve 4, first stop valve 5, evaporator 6, second stop valve 7, battery cooler 8, electronic fan 9, gas-liquid separator 10, third stop valve 11, fourth stop valve 12, fluorine pump 13, PTC 14, water pump 15, energy storage battery pack 16, three-way valve 17, low-temperature radiator 18. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by means of specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0037] Among them, the accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes and represent only schematic diagrams rather than actual pictures, and should not be understood as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the accompanying drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the dimensions of actual products. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the accompanying drawings.

[0038] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. indicating directions or positional relationships, they are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0039] See also Figures 1 to 8This is a thermal management system for an energy storage container. The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor 1, a fluorine pump 13, a four-way valve 2, a condenser 3, an expansion valve 4, a second shut-off valve 7, and a battery cooler 8. The refrigerant circuit also includes a first shut-off valve 5, an evaporator 6, an electronic fan 9, a gas-liquid separator 10, a third shut-off valve 11, and a fourth shut-off valve 12. The refrigerant circuit also includes piping that connects the various components. The cooling water circuit includes a water pump 15, an energy storage battery pack 16, a three-way valve 17 with two branches (171 and 172) with adjustable flow rates, a high-pressure PTC 14, and a low-temperature radiator 18. The refrigerant circuit and the cooling water circuit are interconnected through the battery cooler 8 for heat transfer and thermal management. The low-temperature radiator 18, condenser 3, evaporator 6, and electronic fan 9 are sealed by air ducts and controllable dampers. By controlling different damper operation combinations, air can be drawn in or out of the container. This system uses environmentally friendly and safe refrigerants such as R134a, R410A, and R22. The entire system can be integrated into a compact thermal management cabinet that can be embedded in an energy storage container. The output interface to the container is only the water inlet and outlet pipes and a control panel with control and display. The main interface to the outside environment is the window for air and heat exchange with the heat exchanger.

[0040] When an energy storage container is connected to the power grid, it performs charging, discharging, and power storage and insulation. Different heat dissipation or insulation requirements are imposed on the batteries. Due to differences in ambient temperature, the operating conditions of the thermal management system of the energy storage container are relatively complex. To address this, this thermal management system is designed with the following economical operating modes. These modes autonomously determine whether to enable or which mode to enable based on signals detected by temperature sensors in the battery pack, ambient temperature sensors, water temperature sensors, and humidity sensors inside and outside the container.

[0041] In the first cooling mode, when the external ambient temperature is lower than the temperature range required for battery operation and the temperature and temperature difference meet certain conditions, the refrigerant circuit is closed and the low-energy cooling water circuit is opened. Figure 2 As shown, the operating logic of the cooling water circuit is that the low-temperature cooling water is pumped into the energy storage battery pack 16 by the water pump 15, and the antifreeze liquid after absorbing the heat of the energy storage battery pack enters the low-temperature radiator 18 through the branch 171 of the three-way valve 17. The radiator is operated by the electronic fan 9 and circulated with air after the low-temperature antifreeze is discharged and then circulated into the water pump 15; this working mode reduces the working energy consumption of the refrigerant circuit, is environmentally friendly and energy-saving, and increases the service life of the refrigerant system.

[0042] The second cooling mode is when the external environment temperature is close to the temperature range required for the battery to work and the temperature difference meets certain conditions, then the cooling mode 1 is turned on. Simply increasing the water flow or the air volume will not result in an ideal heat dissipation effect of the low-temperature radiator. In this case, the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is pumped into the condenser 3 by the running fluorine pump 13 and regulated by the four-way valve 2 to form a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid. It circulates into the expansion valve and expands to form a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid. After entering the battery cooler 8, the refrigerant is regulated by the four-way valve 2 to enter the gas-liquid separator 10. The refrigerant entering the gas-liquid separator is circulated into the fluorine pump 13 by the opened third stop valve 11. In the water circuit, the high-temperature antifreeze flowing out of the energy storage battery pack 16 is regulated by the three-way valve 17 to enter the battery cooler 8 to be cooled into a low-temperature antifreeze. It circulates into the PTC 14 that is not in operation, and then circulates into the energy storage battery pack 16 by the water pump to cool the battery pack. See details as follows. Figure 3 Enabling this mode saves more energy than running the electric compressor at a low speed, while avoiding frequent starts and stops of the compressor, thus extending its service life.

[0043] In the third cooling mode, when the external ambient temperature is lower than the temperature range required for the battery to operate, and the temperature difference meets certain conditions, the first cooling mode and the second cooling mode are turned on at the same time, namely the low-temperature heat dissipation cycle and the fluorine pump refrigeration cycle. The operation logic of the cooling water circuit is that the low-temperature cooling water is pumped into the energy storage battery module 16 by the water pump 15, and the antifreeze after absorbing heat and heating is regulated by the three-way valve 17 and enters the low-temperature radiator 18 and the battery cooler 8 for internal cooling at the same time. The cooled low-temperature antifreeze is collected and circulated into the water pump 15. The operation route of the refrigerant circuit is that the refrigerant is pumped into the condenser 3 by the running fluorine pump 13 and regulated by the four-way valve 2 for cooling through convection heat exchange with the wind, and then circulates into the expansion valve 4 to expand and form a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid. The refrigerant after entering the battery cooler 8 forms a low-temperature and low-pressure gas through heat exchange and is regulated by the four-way valve 2 to enter the gas-liquid separator 10. The refrigerant entering the gas-liquid separator 10 is then circulated into the fluorine pump 13 through the opened third stop valve 11. For details, see Figure 4 shown.

[0044] The fourth cooling mode is to start the refrigeration cycle when the external ambient temperature is high and the third cooling mode cannot meet the cooling capacity demand of the battery module. In the water circuit circulation system, the antifreeze that absorbs heat and heats up flowing out of the energy storage battery pack 16 is regulated by the three-way valve 17 to enter the battery cooler 8 to be cooled into low-temperature antifreeze, and then circulates into the unactivated high-pressure PTC 14, and then circulates into the energy storage battery pack 16 by the water pump 15 to start cooling the energy storage battery pack 16. The refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is pressurized by the running electric compressor 1 to form a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, and then circulates into the four-way valve 2 to adjust it to enter the condenser 3 to form a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid, and then enters the expansion valve 4 to expand to form a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid. The refrigerant after entering the battery cooler 8 absorbs heat to form a low-temperature and low-pressure gas, and is regulated by the four-way valve 2 to enter the gas-liquid separator 10. The refrigerant entering the gas-liquid separator 10 is then circulated into the electric compressor 1 by the opened fourth stop valve 12, as shown in detail. Figure 5 shown.

[0045] In the first heating mode, when the battery pack in the energy storage container needs to be heated to maintain its reasonable operating temperature range, adjust the four-way valve 2 circuit and enable the refrigerant circuit heat pump working mode. Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the refrigerant circuit operates as follows: the refrigerant is pressurized by the operating electric compressor 1 to form a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant. It then circulates through the four-way valve 2 for regulation, enters the battery cooler 8 for cooling, and forms a medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid. It then enters the expansion valve 4 to form a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid. After entering the condenser 3, it absorbs heat through air convection to form a low-temperature, low-pressure gas. It then circulates through the four-way valve 2 for regulation and enters the gas-liquid separator 10. The refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 10 is then circulated and drawn into the electric compressor 1 through the open fourth shut-off valve 12. In the water circuit, the low-temperature antifreeze liquid flowing into the battery cooler 8 absorbs the heat removed by the refrigerant to form a high-temperature antifreeze liquid. It then flows through the inactive high-pressure PTC 14 and flows into the water pump 15 for pressurization before being pumped into the energy storage battery pack 16. After releasing heat, the antifreeze liquid circulates through the three-way valve 17 for regulation, and then flows through the branch 172 back into the battery cooler 8, completing the cycle.

[0046] In the second heating mode, when the ambient temperature is low and the energy storage container battery pack needs more heat to ensure the battery's reasonable temperature range, the high-voltage PTC14 is activated in the first heating mode cycle. The high-voltage PTC14 can adjust the heating power according to the battery insulation and heating requirements to meet different needs of rapid heating and insulation. The operating principle diagram is attached. Figure 7 .

[0047] High-efficiency dehumidification mode: When the air humidity is high, the air needs to be dehumidified due to the harsh working environment requirements of many electrical components inside the energy storage container. When the control system detects this input signal, the refrigerant circuit dehumidification mode is turned on. See the operating principle diagram. Figure 8 As shown, the refrigerant is pressurized by the activated electric compressor 1 to form a high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant. It then circulates through the four-way valve 2 for regulation and enters the condenser 3 to form a medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid. It then enters the expansion valve 4 for expansion to form a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid. After passing through the first stop valve 5 and entering the evaporator 6, the refrigerant absorbs heat to form a low-temperature, low-pressure gas. The gas is then regulated through the four-way valve 2 and enters the gas-liquid separator 10. The refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 10 is then circulated back into the electric compressor 1 through the open fourth stop valve 12, completing the refrigerant cycle. Simultaneously, when the system is in operation, the air inside the container is pressurized by the fan by controlling the rotation of the damper. The air then passes through the evaporator 6, lowering its dew point, and the moisture released by the air after passing through the evaporator 6 is discharged to the outside of the container through a pipeline. The system repeatedly operates until the internal air humidity meets a certain standard, and then shuts down this mode.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal management method for an energy storage container, characterized by: A thermal management system based on an energy storage container includes: A first circuit, the first circuit includes an energy storage battery pack (16), a three-way valve (17), a low-temperature radiator (18), and a water pump (15) arranged in sequence and connected back to the energy storage battery pack; a first branch is connected to the three-way valve (17), the first branch is connected in parallel with the low-temperature radiator (18); the first branch includes a battery cooler (8) and a PTC (14) in a direction away from the three-way valve; The second circuit is connected to the battery cooler and includes an evaporator (6), a first stop valve (5), and a second stop valve (7) in sequence; the second circuit is connected to a second branch, which includes a four-way valve (2), a condenser (3), and an expansion valve (4) in sequence, and the second branch is connected in parallel with the evaporator and the first stop valve; The third circuit is connected to the four-way valve and includes a gas-liquid separator (10), a third stop valve (11), and a fluorine pump (13) in sequence; the third circuit is connected to a third branch, and the third branch includes a fourth stop valve (12) and a compressor (1) in sequence; The first circuit is a cooling water circuit, and the second circuit and the third circuit are refrigerant circuits; A first cooling mode is provided, wherein low-temperature cooling water enters the energy storage battery pack through a water pump; the heated antifreeze enters the low-temperature radiator through a three-way valve; the low-temperature radiator is operated by an electronic fan and circulates air, after which the low-temperature antifreeze is discharged and then circulated into the water pump; A second refrigeration mode is provided. In this second refrigeration mode, based on the activation of the first refrigeration mode, the refrigerant is pumped into the condenser by the fluorine pump through the four-way valve to form a medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid, which is circulated into the expansion valve to form a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid. The refrigerant after entering the battery cooler is converted into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas through heat exchange, enters the gas-liquid separator through the four-way valve, and then circulates into the fluorine pump through the opened third stop valve; the high-temperature antifreeze flowing out of the energy storage battery pack is regulated by the three-way valve and enters the battery cooler to be cooled into a low-temperature antifreeze liquid, which is circulated into the non-working PTC and then circulated into the energy storage battery pack by the water pump to cool the battery pack; A third cooling mode is provided. In the third cooling mode, based on the activation of the first cooling mode and the second cooling mode, low-temperature cooling water is pumped into the energy storage battery pack by a water pump, and the heated antifreeze enters the low-temperature radiator and the battery cooler for cooling at the same time through the three-way valve. The cooled low-temperature antifreeze is collected and circulated into the water pump; the refrigerant is pumped into the four-way valve by the running fluorine pump and then enters the condenser for cooling through convection heat exchange with the wind, and then enters the expansion valve to expand to form a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid. The refrigerant entering the battery cooler is converted into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas through heat exchange, enters the gas-liquid separator through the four-way valve, and then circulates into the fluorine pump through the opened third stop valve; A fourth cooling mode is provided. In the fourth cooling mode, based on the activation of the first cooling mode, the second cooling mode and the third cooling mode, the high-temperature antifreeze liquid that absorbs heat and flows out of the energy storage battery pack is regulated by the three-way valve and enters the battery cooler to be cooled into low-temperature antifreeze liquid. After circulating into the non-working PTC, it is circulated into the energy storage battery pack by the water pump to cool the battery pack; the refrigerant is pressurized by the compressor to form a high-temperature and high-pressure liquid, and then enters the expansion valve to form a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid. The refrigerant entering the battery cooler absorbs heat to form a low-temperature and low-pressure gas, and then enters the gas-liquid separator through the four-way valve. The refrigerant entering the gas-liquid separator is circulated into the compressor through the opened fourth stop valve.

2. The thermal management method for an energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature radiator, condenser, evaporator and electronic fan are sealed by air ducts and controllable dampers. By controlling the operation combination of different dampers, the function of sucking or blowing air inside or outside the container can be achieved.

3. The thermal management method for an energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second heating mode is provided, wherein the second heating mode activates PTC based on the activation of the first heating mode.

4. The thermal management method for an energy storage container according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the dehumidification mode is turned on, the air in the container is pressurized by the fan, passes through the evaporator and condenser, and then returns to the inside of the container. The moisture released from the air after passing through the evaporator is discharged to the outside of the container through the pipeline.

5. The thermal management method for an energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first heating mode is provided, in which the refrigerant is pressurized by the compressor to form a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, circulates into the four-way valve and enters the battery cooler for cooling to form a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid, and then enters the expansion valve to form a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid; after entering the condenser, it absorbs heat through air convection to form a low-temperature and low-pressure gas, passes through the four-way valve and enters the gas-liquid separator, and is circulated and sucked into the compressor through the open fourth stop valve; the low-temperature antifreeze liquid flowing into the battery cooler absorbs the heat of the refrigerant to form a high-temperature antifreeze liquid, passes through the unactivated PTC and flows into the water pump for pressurization and then is pumped into the energy storage battery pack. The antifreeze liquid after heat release circulates through the three-way valve and flows into the battery cooler to form a cycle.

6. The thermal management method for an energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: A dehumidification mode is provided. The refrigerant is pressurized by the compressor to form a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, and then enters the condenser through the four-way valve to form a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid. It is expanded by the expansion valve to form a low-temperature and low-pressure gas. The refrigerant enters the evaporator through the first stop valve to absorb heat to form a low-temperature and low-pressure gas, and then enters the gas-liquid separator through the four-way valve. It is then circulated into the compressor through the opened fourth stop valve to form a refrigerant cycle.

Images