A perovskite solar cell packaging structure, packaging method and battery assembly

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell packaging structure, packaging method, and battery assembly. The packaging structure comprises, from bottom to top, a first packaging substrate, a perovskite solar cell, and a second packaging substrate, and further comprises a pressure assembly, the pressure assembly comprising a shell and an elastic assembly disposed within the shell, the perovskite solar cell being nested within a cavity of the shell, the elastic assembly being disposed between the perovskite solar cell and the second packaging substrate, and the elastic assembly being disposed circumferentially along the edge of the perovskite solar cell. The elastic assembly within the packaging shell acts directly on the perovskite solar cell, tightly fitting it to the first packaging substrate, and pressure can be evenly transmitted to the interior of the cell. The applied pressure suppresses the decomposition of the perovskite active layer of the perovskite solar cell, further enhancing the stability of the perovskite solar cell in a high-temperature environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell packaging structure, a packaging method and a battery assembly. Background Art

[0002] The active layer of perovskite solar cells is an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material with the molecular formula of ABX3, where A is an organic cation (organic cation: CH3NH 3+ 、HC(NH2) 2+ ), B is a metal cation (such as Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ ), X refers to the halogen anion (such as Cl - Br - , I - ). Among them CH3NH 3+ Organic components such as halogen anions and metal cations can easily escape from the material, and the moisture in the air can accelerate the aging of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials.

[0003] At the same time, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have poor thermal stability and are prone to decomposition upon heating, forming metal halides and amine salts. For example, in the following equation: CH3NH3PbI3=CH3NH3I+PbI2, CH3NH3I further decomposes into CH3I and NH3 gas. This decomposition process absorbs heat from the environment. When the ambient temperature rises, the decomposition of the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material accelerates, causing the performance of the perovskite solar cell to rapidly decline. Furthermore, when the external environment applies a certain amount of pressure to the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material, its decomposition process slows down. Some literature has reported that high pressure can inhibit the decomposition of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials in high-temperature environments. This is because pressure increases the energy required to break the covalent bonds in the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material.

[0004] Commercial solar cells typically have a lifespan of several years and are inevitably exposed to high temperatures and humid environments, such as deserts and lakes, during use. Oxygen, moisture, and high temperatures can all lead to rapid degradation of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells. The poor stability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials greatly affects the application of perovskite solar cells. To improve the stability of perovskite solar cells, they are usually encapsulated. Common encapsulation methods are to cover the surface of the cell with high-transmittance glass or directly apply encapsulation glue to the surface of the cell to isolate the cell from the external environment and prevent air and liquids in the environment from reacting with the active parts of the cell. Existing technologies mainly prevent damage to perovskite solar cells caused by the external environment, but cannot alleviate the performance degradation of the cell due to internal aging, especially the decomposition of the perovskite active layer under high temperature conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to address the technical shortcomings of existing perovskite solar cells, including poor stability and an inability to mitigate performance degradation due to internal aging, particularly the decomposition of the perovskite active layer at high temperatures. The present invention provides a perovskite solar cell packaging structure, packaging method, and cell assembly.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A perovskite solar cell packaging structure comprises, from bottom to top, a first packaging substrate, a perovskite solar cell, and a second packaging substrate, characterized in that it also includes a pressure component, the pressure component including a shell and an elastic component arranged in the shell, the perovskite solar cell is nested in the cavity of the shell, the elastic component is arranged between the perovskite solar cell and the second packaging substrate, and the elastic component is arranged circumferentially along the edge of the perovskite solar cell.

[0008] The present invention provides a novel perovskite solar cell packaging structure. The packaging shell can isolate the perovskite solar cell from contact with the external environment, preventing oxygen and water vapor in the air from reacting with the cell. The elastic component inside the packaging shell directly acts on the conductive metal oxide (ITO) substrate at the bottom of the perovskite solar cell, tightly bonding it to a second packaging substrate. The elastic component is arranged around the ITO glass, and pressure can be evenly transmitted to the interior of the cell. The pressure applied by the elastic component inhibits the decomposition of the perovskite active layer of the perovskite solar cell, further enhancing the stability of the perovskite solar cell in high-temperature environments.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the elastic component includes any one of a spring and an elastic rod or a combination of the two; the elastic components are equidistantly distributed along the circumference of the edge of the perovskite solar cell.

[0010] In order to ensure that the elastic component is subjected to uniform force at various positions on the perovskite solar cell, the elastic components applied to the perovskite solar cell are preferably distributed equidistantly; when a single elastic component that is adapted to the size of the perovskite solar cell is used, it is assembled in a coaxial arrangement.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the perovskite solar cell structure includes a conductive metal oxide substrate and other functional layers layered on the conductive metal oxide substrate. The conductive metal oxide substrate is arranged close to the second packaging substrate, that is, the conductive metal oxide substrate is located at the top layer of the perovskite solar cell, and the other functional layers are located at the bottom layer.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the total pressure exerted by the elastic component on the perovskite cell is 20-30 MPa. When the pressure applied to the conductive metal oxide substrate is too small, the decomposition inhibition effect is weak. When the pressure is too large, it exceeds the compressive resistance limit of the ITO glass and easily causes the ITO glass to break, and the inhibition effect is not significantly improved. Preferably, the pressure range of the elastic component acting on the unit perovskite solar cell is 22-28 MPa.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the orthographic projection area of ​​the elastic component accounts for 10%-60% of the orthographic projection area of ​​the conductive metal oxide substrate. Specifically, the conductive metal oxide substrate has an area of ​​2 cm x 2 cm, and the effective area of ​​the perovskite solar cell is 0.8 cm x 0.8 cm, accounting for approximately 16% of the area of ​​the conductive metal oxide substrate. The elastic component is located in the center of the conductive metal oxide substrate. The portion of the conductive metal oxide substrate not covered by the perovskite solar cell is approximately 84%, meaning that the elastic component only occupies the portion of the conductive metal oxide substrate not covered by the perovskite solar cell.

[0014] In order not to affect the light absorption capacity of the perovskite solar cell, when setting up the elastic component, it is necessary to try to avoid blocking the positive projection area of ​​the functional layer of the perovskite solar cell.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the first packaging substrate includes any one of insulating materials such as glass, ceramic, plastic, etc.; the second packaging substrate is high-transmittance glass.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the housing is bonded to the first and second packaging substrates respectively using glue. This ensures airtightness between the housing and the first packaging substrate, as well as between the housing and the second packaging substrate. Specifically, the glue is epoxy resin.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the shell includes any one of glass, ceramic, and plastic materials.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the perovskite solar cell includes an upright structure or an inverted structure.

[0019] The structure of the inverted perovskite solar cell from bottom to top is ITO glass substrate, hole transport layer, perovskite active layer (CH3NH3PbI3), electron transport layer, buffer layer, and silver electrode.

[0020] The hole transport layer material includes any one of nickel oxide, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT / PSS), poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), and cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN).

[0021] The perovskite active layer is an organic-inorganic hybrid metal lead halide / tin perovskite material ABX3 containing organic components, where A is an organic cation (organic cation: CH3NH 3+ 、HC(NH2) 2+ ), B is a metal cation (such as Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ ), X refers to the halogen anion (such as Cl - Br - , I - ).

[0022] Electron transport layer materials include: C 60 or [6,6]-phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM).

[0023] The buffer layer material is 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-o-phenanthroline (Bphen).

[0024] The structure of the upright perovskite solar cell from bottom to top is ITO glass substrate, electron transport layer, perovskite active layer (CH3NH3PbI3), hole transport layer, and gold electrode.

[0025] The electron transport layer includes a tin oxide electron transport layer or a titanium oxide electron transport layer.

[0026] The perovskite active layer is an organic-inorganic hybrid metal lead halide / tin perovskite material ABX3 containing organic components, where A is an organic cation (organic cation: CH3NH 3+ 、HC(NH2) 2+ ), B is a metal cation (such as Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ ), X refers to the halogen anion (such as Cl - Br - , I - ).

[0027] The hole transport layer material includes 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) or poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA).

[0028] A packaging method for the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Place the prepared perovskite solar cell unit upside down on the first packaging substrate, and lead the cathode electrode and anode electrode to a position outside the shell respectively; the electrode material includes any one of conductive metal, conductive carbon material, and conductive organic matter;

[0030] Step 2: Arrange an elastic component on the perovskite solar cell unit, and cover the elastic component with a shell fixedly connected to the second packaging substrate;

[0031] Step 3: The shell is fixedly connected to the first packaging substrate, thereby completing the packaging of the perovskite solar cell.

[0032] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, before step 3 is implemented, the shell cavity is filled with any one of inert gases including nitrogen, argon, etc.

[0033] A battery assembly comprising the perovskite solar cell packaging structure, wherein the battery assembly comprises a plurality of perovskite solar cell units, and the plurality of perovskite solar cell units are distributed on a first packaging substrate in a matrix manner.

[0034] Preferably, each perovskite solar cell unit (single cell) is encapsulated within a housing. A second encapsulation substrate is provided with T-shaped metal rods at the edge of each single cell. The T-shaped metal rods are evenly distributed around the cell. Springs are sleeved on the metal rods to apply pressure to the cell. The pressure applied by the springs can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the metal rods. Each cell is connected via electrodes on the first encapsulation substrate and uniformly led out of the housing. A complete second encapsulation substrate covers all the single cells.

[0035] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] The present invention proposes a novel packaging structure for perovskite solar cells, which sandwiches the perovskite solar cell between two packaging substrates. Furthermore, a pressure assembly is provided between the second packaging substrate and the ITO glass substrate of the perovskite solar cell, further applying a uniform force to the perovskite solar cell to more closely adhere the functional layer of the perovskite solar cell to the first packaging substrate, fully enclosing it in the cavity within the housing, blocking the external environment and preventing oxygen and moisture in the air from accelerating the aging of the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material. This greatly improves the stability of the perovskite solar cell and slows the decay of the cell, so that the initial cell power decay rate does not exceed 25% after 19 days under continuous heating to 65°C. Through appropriate pressure, the decomposition of the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material is suppressed, improving the stability of the perovskite solar cell under high temperature conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell;

[0038] Figure 2 2 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the packaging structure of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 2 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the packaging structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the packaging structure of Example 3 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 1 is a front view schematic diagram of the packaging structure of Example 4 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 2 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the support platform according to Example 4 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 2 is a schematic diagram of the top surface structure of the support platform according to Example 4 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a support platform according to Example 4 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the efficiency attenuation trend of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery assembly of the present invention;

[0047] Icon: 1-first packaging substrate, 2-shell, 3-second packaging substrate, 4-perovskite solar cell,

[0048] 41-ITO substrate, 42-hole transport layer, 43-active layer, 44-electron transport layer, 45-buffer layer, 46-cathode electrode, 5-elastic component, 51-spring, 52-support plate, 521-support platform, 522-blocking plate, 6-square hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell structure; the perovskite solar cell is prepared in an inert gas environment;

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, an inverted perovskite solar cell has a structure from bottom to top of an ITO substrate 41, a hole transport layer 42, an active layer 43, an electron transport layer 44, a buffer layer 45, and a cathode electrode 46; an anode electrode 47 is located on the ITO substrate 41;

[0054] Specifically, the ITO substrate 41 of the perovskite solar cell is conductive glass, and the thickness of the ITO substrate 41 is 135nm. A hole transport layer 42 made of nickel oxide material is spin-coated on the ITO substrate 41, and the thickness of the hole transport layer 42 is 25nm. A perovskite active layer 43 (CH3NH3PbI3) is spin-coated on the nickel oxide with a thickness of 650nm. The electron transport material carbon-60 (C60) is evaporated on the perovskite active layer 43 to form an electron transport layer with a thickness of 40nm. A buffer layer 45, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), is further evaporated on the electron transport material with a thickness of 7nm. A silver electrode (cathode electrode) is evaporated on the buffer layer 45 with a thickness of 100nm. The effective area of ​​the battery is 0.64cm 2 ; This battery is designated as A-1.

[0055] The perovskite solar cell of Example 1 was tested for its photoelectric conversion efficiency under a standard sunlight intensity; the photoelectric conversion efficiency was 17.55%.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] A perovskite solar cell packaging structure, such as Figure 2-3 As shown, from bottom to top are the first packaging substrate 1, the perovskite solar cell 4 and the second packaging substrate 3, wherein: Figure 3 The top view of the structure of the perovskite solar cell 4 does not show the second encapsulation substrate 3 because the orthographic projections of the second encapsulation substrate 3 and the perovskite solar cell 4 overlap. Specifically, the structure of the perovskite solar cell 4 is the same as that of Example 1. The ITO substrate 41 of the perovskite solar cell 4 is located on the top surface, and the functional layer on the ITO substrate 41 is located near the first encapsulation substrate 1. The perovskite solar cell 4 also includes a pressure assembly, which includes a housing 2 and an elastic assembly 5 disposed within the housing 2. The perovskite solar cell 4 is nested in the cavity of the housing 2. The elastic assembly 5 is disposed between the perovskite solar cell 4 and the second encapsulation substrate 3 and is arranged circumferentially along the edge of the perovskite solar cell 4. Specifically, the elastic assembly 5 includes four springs 51, which are disposed at the four corners of the perovskite solar cell 4. The diameter of the springs 51 is 5 mm. The first and second encapsulation substrates 1 and 3 are both made of high-transmittance glass. The housing 2 is made of PP plastic. The first and second encapsulation substrates 1 and 3 are respectively connected to the housing 2 using epoxy resin glue. This battery is designated A-2.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] A perovskite solar cell packaging structure, denoted as A-3, has the same overall structure as that of Example 2, except that, in this embodiment, the elastic component 5 includes a spring 51, such as Figure 4 As shown, the spring 51 is a circular spring, and the diameter of the spring 51 corresponds to the diameter of the ITO substrate 41 .

[0060] Example 4

[0061] A perovskite solar cell packaging structure, denoted as A-4, has the same overall structure as that of Example 2, with the only difference being that, in this embodiment, the elastic component 5 includes a support plate 52 and four springs 51, the support plate 52 being rectangular, with a square hole 6 in the middle of the support plate 52, a support platform 521 being provided at the bottom of the support plate 52, the height of the support platform 521 being the same as the thickness of the ITO substrate, the support plate 52 and the support platform 521 being stepped, the support platform 521 and the perovskite solar cell 4 being nested in the space between the support plate 52 and the support platform 521, a baffle plate 522 for fixing the position of the perovskite solar cell 4 is provided on the support plate 52, and the spring 51 is provided on the top surface of the support plate 52. Figure 5-8 shown.

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] A perovskite solar cell packaging structure, denoted as B-1, such as Figure 8As shown, the structure of the perovskite solar cell 4 is the same as that of Example 1. In the packaging structure of this comparative example, no pressure component is added. The perovskite solar cell 4 is sandwiched between the first packaging substrate 1 and the second packaging substrate, and the second packaging substrate is sealed and fixed to the first packaging substrate 1 with epoxy resin glue on all sides.

[0064] Test method:

[0065] The photoelectric conversion efficiency of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 was tested and statistically analyzed. After 450 hours of follow-up testing, the test data shown in Table 1 below were obtained:

[0066] Table 1 shows the photoelectric conversion efficiency data of each packaged battery tested at different time points

[0067]

[0068] Note: Each test is the average value of 10 batteries;

[0069] By comparing different packaging methods, it was found that different forms of spring components have similar effects and can effectively exert pressure on perovskite solar cells, thereby inhibiting the decomposition of perovskite materials.

[0070] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the efficiency attenuation trend of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 is shown;

[0071] Example 5

[0072] This embodiment provides a battery assembly, which includes a plurality of perovskite solar cell units 4, which are distributed on a first packaging substrate 1 in a matrix manner. Figure 10 As shown, a plurality of perovskite solar cell units 4 are arranged in the cavity formed by the first packaging substrate 1, the second packaging substrate 3 and the shell 2, wherein an elastic component is arranged between adjacent battery units, wherein the elastic component includes a conductive elastic metal rod 52 and a spring 51, and the spring 51 is sleeved on the conductive elastic metal rod 52.

[0073] This invention provides a novel battery packaging method. By placing elastic components of different types or arrangements between the second packaging substrate and the ITO substrate, the perovskite solar cell within the packaging housing 2 is isolated from the external environment. The elastic components are arranged around the ITO glass, allowing pressure to be evenly transmitted to the interior of the cell. The pressure exerted by the elastic components inhibits the decomposition of the perovskite active layer of the perovskite solar cell, further enhancing its stability in high-temperature environments.

[0074] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. Rather, the present invention can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or techniques or knowledge in the relevant field. Modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be protected by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell packaging structure, characterized in that: From bottom to top, there are a first packaging substrate, a perovskite solar cell, and a second packaging substrate, characterized in that it also includes a pressure component, the pressure component includes a shell and an elastic component arranged in the shell, the perovskite solar cell is nested in the cavity of the shell, the elastic component is arranged between the perovskite solar cell and the second packaging substrate, and the elastic component is arranged circumferentially along the edge of the perovskite solar cell; The elastic component includes any one of a spring and an elastic rod or a combination of the two; the elastic components are equidistantly distributed along the edge of the perovskite solar cell; The total pressure of the elastic component acting on the perovskite solar cell is 20-30 MPa; The orthographic projection area of ​​the elastic component accounts for 10%-60% of the orthographic projection area of ​​the conductive metal oxide substrate.

2. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the perovskite solar cell includes a conductive metal oxide substrate and other functional layers layered on the conductive metal oxide substrate, and the conductive metal oxide substrate is arranged close to the second packaging substrate.

3. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first packaging substrate includes any one of glass, ceramic, and plastic; the second packaging substrate is high-transmittance glass.

4. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing is bonded to the first packaging substrate and the second packaging substrate respectively by epoxy resin glue.

5. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell is made of any one of glass, ceramic and plastic materials.

6. A packaging method for the perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The process includes the following steps: Step 1: Place the prepared perovskite solar cell upside down on the first packaging substrate, and lead the cathode electrode and anode electrode through the conductive copper film respectively; Step 2: setting an elastic component on the perovskite solar cell and covering the elastic component with a housing fixedly connected to the second packaging substrate; Step 3: The shell is fixedly connected to the first packaging substrate, thereby completing the packaging of the perovskite solar cell; the cathode electrode and the anode electrode are respectively exposed to the outside of the shell.

7. A battery assembly comprising the perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The battery assembly includes a plurality of perovskite solar cell units, and the plurality of perovskite solar cell units are distributed on a first packaging substrate in a matrix manner.

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