Biomass gasifier

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of biomass gasification furnace, and disclose a tower-shaped grate, the present application is arranged with the annular base of receiving ash and slag below the furnace body, so as to ensure that after the discharge of ash and slag, the fresh air outside will be sucked from the output direction of ash and slag, and enter the furnace through ash and slag, the outside air passes through ash and slag again, so that ash and slag are further burned, and the waste heat generated in ash and slag enters the furnace along with air, and the heat can be fully reused, and by means of waterless slagging, the water vapor injection into the furnace is reduced, the temperature in the furnace is prevented from being suddenly reduced, the heat energy is saved, and the purpose of saving heat energy and recycling residual heat energy is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of biomass gasification furnaces, specifically to a biomass gasification furnace. Background Technology

[0002] The reaction principles of coal gasification and biomass gasification are basically the same. However, coal gasification technology was developed earlier and is more mature. Therefore, while biomass gasification technology has developed rapidly in recent years, it has incorporated many coal gasification technologies. The tower-shaped grate was originally a major component of a coal gasifier. Its function is to support the burning coal and promote its combustion. The upper part holds the burning coal, while the lower part supplies air to aid combustion. The coal gasifier grate consists of a base, annular grate plates, and slag-breaking bars, with the annular grate plates stacked to form a multi-layered cone shape. Ventilation holes are left between the layers. In actual use, gas enters the grate from the bottom, rises to the top, then swirls back and supplies air to the burning coal above through the ventilation holes of the overlapping layers.

[0003] After biomass reacts and burns in the gasifier, the ash falls from the bottom into an ash pan. The ash pan typically contains water to act as a water seal, preventing gas leakage. However, in actual operation, the ash in the ash pan reacts with the water to generate a large amount of steam. This steam enters the gasifier and carries away a significant amount of heat, lowering the gasifier's temperature. The gasifier's temperature directly affects its output, leading to a decrease in gas production. Simultaneously, unburned biomass is also carried along with the ash during output. After entering the descending channel (the gap between the wall and the bottom grate), the lack of oxygen prevents the remaining biomass from continuing to burn, resulting in significant energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of existing biomass gasifiers mentioned in the background art, the present invention provides a biomass gasifier that has the advantages of saving thermal energy and reusing residual thermal energy, thus solving the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] The present invention provides the following technical solution: a biomass gasification furnace, comprising a furnace body, an exhaust pipe at the top of the furnace body, a coal inlet pipe fixedly installed on one side of the surface of the furnace body, and a support leg fixedly installed at the bottom of the furnace body. The inner cavity of the furnace body is a cylinder with an opening facing downwards. An ash shovel is fixedly installed at the bottom of the furnace body, and a support base is arranged below the furnace body. The top of the support base has a support plate rotatably connected by ball bearings. The support plate has an annular base connected by bolts, and the surface of the annular base is slidably connected to the bottom of the ash shovel. An annular grate for material combustion is provided on the surface of the annular base, and the annular grate is located in the inner cavity of the furnace body.

[0006] Preferably, the annular grate has at least four layers, and multiple annular grates form a cone. The top of the annular grate is provided with a tip for crushing, and the outer side of the annular grate is provided with a curved wave band.

[0007] Preferably, a coal handling assembly is movably installed on the bottom of the inner wall of the furnace body, located above the annular grate. The coal handling assembly includes a coal-filling top cover, a coal conveying channel, and a coal-pressing bottom cover. One end of the coal conveying channel is fixedly installed with the coal-filling top cover, and the other end of the coal conveying channel is fixedly installed with the coal-pressing bottom cover. Both the coal-filling top cover and the coal-pressing bottom cover are conical in shape, and the coal-pressing bottom cover is located on the outside of the annular grate. The coal-pressing bottom cover has ventilation holes for combustion air output, and the inner wall of the coal-pressing bottom cover is fixedly connected with conical spikes arranged towards the annular grate.

[0008] Preferably, the distance between the annular grate and the coal pressing hood is gradually shortened, with the top to bottom of the annular grate serving as a reference.

[0009] Preferably, a movable sleeve is fixedly installed at the bottom of the annular grate, and the movable sleeve is movably installed with the annular base. A push-out spring is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the movable sleeve, and one end of the push-out spring is fixedly installed with the annular base.

[0010] Preferably, a crushing fan blade is inserted and fixed to the surface of the coal-containing hood, and the crushing fan blade is arranged obliquely on the coal-containing hood, with the coal inlet pipe positioned above the crushing fan blade.

[0011] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] 1. This invention, by arranging an annular base at the bottom of the furnace body to receive ash and slag, ensures that after the ash and slag are discharged, fresh air from the outside is drawn in from the output direction of the ash and slag, passes through the ash and slag, and enters the furnace. The outside air passes through the ash and slag again, causing the ash and slag to burn further. The residual heat generated in the ash and slag enters the furnace along with the air, and the heat can be fully reused. Furthermore, by discharging slag without water, water vapor is reduced from being injected into the furnace body, avoiding a sudden drop in temperature inside the furnace body, saving thermal energy, and ultimately achieving the purpose of saving thermal energy and reusing the residual heat energy.

[0013] 2. By rotating the annular base onto the support, this invention not only ensures the reception of ash and slag, but also enables the annular base and the ash knife to work synchronously, resulting in rapid output of ash and slag. This shortens the slag discharge distance and accelerates the discharge speed, thereby reducing heat loss during the slag discharge process and speeding up the adjustment rate of the slag discharge, ultimately achieving the goal of low-heat-loss slag discharge.

[0014] 3. This invention arranges the movable sleeve on the ejector spring and sets up a coal-shaping assembly in the furnace body. This ensures that during material feeding, since the distance from the tip to the bottom of the annular grate to the inner side of the coal-shaping assembly decreases from large to small, larger materials will be placed at the top of the annular grate, while smaller materials will be placed at the bottom. Because the material has a large mass before combustion, the ejector spring is easily compressed. During continuous operation, the mass of the material decreases after combustion, and under the elastic action of the ejector spring, the annular grate is pushed towards the coal-shaping assembly. This causes the material between the annular grate and the coal-shaping assembly to be squeezed and broken, making it easier to burn. Ultimately, this achieves the purpose of volumetric material feeding and continuous squeezing and crushing.

[0015] 4. This invention features crushing blades on the coal handling assembly. The inclined arrangement of the crushing blades and the coal handling assembly causes the high-temperature airflow generated by material combustion to flow upwards. This airflow pushes the crushing blades, causing them to rotate. Because the coal handling assembly and the annular grate are pressing against the material, the crushing blades, which have a rotational tendency or overcome the resistance between them, rotate. Based on this rotation or rotational tendency, the material is further crushed, increasing the crushing intensity. Simultaneously, when material is fed into the coal inlet pipe, it is first placed on the crushing blades, forcing them to rotate due to the impact of the material. This forcibly crushes the material stuck between the annular grate and the coal handling assembly, preventing the material from continuously jamming and hindering its spread on the annular grate, ultimately achieving the goal of enhancing crushing intensity. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point AA;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the coal handling assembly structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the annular grate of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Furnace body; 2. Exhaust pipe; 3. Coal inlet pipe; 4. Crusher blade; 5. Support leg; 6. Top spring; 7. Support base; 8. Support plate; 9. Annular base; 10. Ash knife; 11. Movable sleeve; 12. Annular grate; 13. Coal handling assembly; 130. Coal holding top cover; 131. Coal conveying channel; 132. Coal pressing bottom cover. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see Figures 1-4 A biomass gasification furnace includes a furnace body 1, with an exhaust pipe 2 for gas discharge at the top of the furnace body 1. A coal feed pipe 3 for feeding is fixedly installed on one side of the furnace body 1, and support legs 5 for overall support are fixedly installed at the bottom of the furnace body 1. The inner cavity of the furnace body 1 is a downward-opening cylinder. A ash shovel 10 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the furnace body 1, and a support base 7 is arranged below the furnace body 1. The top of the support base 7 has a support plate 8 rotatably connected by ball bearings, and an annular base 9 is bolted to the support plate 8. The surface of the annular base 9 is slidably connected to the bottom of the ash shovel 10, and an annular grate for material combustion is provided on the surface of the annular base 9. 12. The annular grate 12 is located in the inner cavity of the furnace body 1, thus ensuring that during actual use, the material on the coal inlet pipe 3 is arranged on the annular grate 12, and the ash and slag after combustion fall onto the ash knife 10. The external airflow flows from the ash and slag into the inner cavity of the furnace body 1, which not only supplements the air for the combustion of the material on the annular grate 12, but also causes the ash and slag to be further burned through the air, which further burns the unburned material in the ash and slag, reducing the loss of heat energy. When the ash and slag are discharged, the annular base 9 is rotated, which causes the support plate 8 to rotate on the support seat 7. The annular base 9 drives the ash and slag to rotate and pass through the ash knife 10, where the ash knife 10 scrapes out the ash and slag, accelerating the discharge.

[0025] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 6In order to achieve material crushing, the annular grate 12 is provided with at least four layers, and multiple annular grates 12 form a cone. A crushing tip is provided at the top of the annular grate 12, and the outer side of the annular grate 12 is provided with a curved wave section, which not only facilitates the combustion of materials, but also enhances the crushing of materials when they slide from the annular grate 12 to the annular base 9. The ash knife 10 and the annular grate 12 are both made of 10mm 310S heat-resistant steel to ensure that the equipment can operate at high temperatures for a long time.

[0026] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 5 To prevent large volumes of material from rolling to the vicinity of the ash knife 10 due to the conical shape of the annular grate 12 when the material is directly placed on it, thus causing a large amount of material to accumulate on the surface of the annular base 9 and hindering combustion, a coal handling assembly 13 is movably installed above the annular grate 12 at the bottom of the inner wall of the furnace body 1. The coal handling assembly 13 includes a coal-filling top cover 130, a coal conveying channel 131, and a coal-pressing bottom cover 132. One end of the coal conveying channel 131 is fixedly installed with the coal-filling top cover 130, and the other end of the coal conveying channel 131 is fixedly installed with the coal-pressing bottom cover 132. The shape of the coal-filling top cover 130 and the coal-pressing bottom cover 132 is used to control the combustion reaction. All are conical in shape and are located outside the annular grate 12 via the coal pressing bottom cover 132. The coal pressing bottom cover 132 has ventilation holes for combustion air output, and the inner wall of the coal pressing bottom cover 132 is fixedly connected with conical spikes arranged towards the annular grate 12. This ensures that during the material feeding process of the coal inlet pipe 3, the material is transported between the annular grate 12 and the coal pressing bottom cover 132 through the receiving and conveying of the coal top cover 130 and the coal conveying channel 131. The transported material will first contact the tip of the annular grate 12, thereby being crushed first. At the same time, the coal pressing bottom cover 132 prevents the material from sliding out of the annular grate 12 quickly, while the conical spikes crush the material.

[0027] Please see Figure 3 In order to ensure that the materials are distributed differently on the annular grate 12 due to their different volumes, the distance between the annular grate 12 and the coal pressing hood 132 is gradually shortened from the top to the bottom of the annular grate 12. This causes larger volumes of materials to be placed above the annular grate 12, while smaller volumes of materials are placed below the annular grate 12. As the coal handling assembly 13 of the larger materials continues to burn, its volume continuously decreases, causing the materials to continuously roll downwards until they are completely burned. In other words, this arrangement increases the burning time of larger volumes of materials on the annular grate 12.

[0028] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3In order to enhance the crushing of materials between the annular grate 12 and the coal handling assembly 13, a movable sleeve 11 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the annular grate 12, and the movable sleeve 11 is movably installed with the annular base 9. A push-out spring 6 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the movable sleeve 11, and one end of the push-out spring 6 is fixedly installed with the annular base 9. In the actual operation, according to the material input into the annular grate 12, since the material has a relatively large mass before combustion, it causes the annular grate 12 to press down on the push-out spring 6. As combustion occurs, the mass of the material continuously decreases. The elastic force of the push-out spring 6 causes the material on the annular grate 12 to push against the cone spikes on the coal pressing bottom cover 132, further enhancing the crushing of the material.

[0029] Please see Figure 1 In order to further enhance the crushing of materials on the annular grate 12, crushing blades 4 are inserted and fixed on the surface of the coal-filling top cover 130. The crushing blades 4 are arranged obliquely on the coal-filling top cover 130 and are placed above the crushing blades 4 through the coal inlet pipe 3. This ensures that the heated airflow flows in the correct direction during actual use, forcing the crushing blades 4 to rotate or have a rotation tendency. This rotational force is then transmitted to the cone spikes of the coal-pressing bottom cover 132, further enhancing the crushing. Since the coal inlet pipe 3 is placed above the crushing blades 4, when materials are added, they impact the oblique crushing blades 4, further enhancing the rotation of the coal handling assembly 13. The intervention of the coal-filling top cover 130 enables the bearing of materials, preventing materials from flying out of the outside of the crushing blades 4.

[0030] The working principle of this invention is as follows: During the feeding process, the material is fed into the coal handling assembly 13 through the coal inlet pipe 3. During the feeding process, the material is pressed against the crushing fan blade 4 and causes the crushing fan blade 4 to rotate. The rotating crushing fan blade 4 causes the coal handling assembly 13 and the annular grate 12 to rotate relative to each other. At the same time, the material stuck between the annular grate 12 and the coal handling assembly 13 is crushed, avoiding the phenomenon of continuous blockage caused by incomplete crushing of the material from the previous combustion.

[0031] The material fed into the coal inlet pipe 3 is placed between the coal handling assembly 13 and the annular grate 12. Due to the weight of the material itself, the ejector spring 6 is compressed, and the annular grate 12 moves downward. At the same time, the distance between the coal handling assembly 13 and the annular grate 12 gradually decreases from top to bottom, so that larger materials are placed on the top of the annular grate 12, thereby ensuring that large materials have a longer combustion time, while smaller materials are placed at the bottom of the annular grate 12, thus arranging the materials on the annular grate 12.

[0032] During the reaction, the material on the annular grate 12 burns, causing the temperature to rise. The high-temperature airflow passes through the coal handling assembly 13 and is output towards the exhaust pipe 2. During the output process, it blows the crushing fan blades 4, which tend to rotate. The rotational force then acts on the material stuck between the coal handling assembly 13 and the annular grate 12, enhancing the crushing intensity. At the same time, due to the rising airflow, the pressure in the furnace body 1 decreases, causing external air to be supplied from near the ash knife 10 and the support base 7. The external air ensures the normal oxygen supply to the annular grate 12. When the external air is input from the ash slag in the annular base 9, it further causes the ash slag to burn. The residual heat generated is then reintroduced into the inner cavity of the furnace body 1, further utilizing the residual capacity of the ash slag on the annular base 9. In actual operation, if a large amount of air needs to be supplied, an air supply fan is installed in the support base 7 to increase the amount of external airflow injected into the annular grate 12.

[0033] As the material on the annular grate 12 continues to burn, its mass decreases, and under the action of the ejector spring 6, the annular grate 12 tends to move closer to the coal handling assembly 13, further compressing the material between the coal handling assembly 13 and the annular grate 12, enhancing the crushing strength of the material during combustion, and promoting combustion.

[0034] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0035] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A biomass gasification furnace, comprising a furnace body (1), characterized in that: The furnace body (1) is provided with an exhaust pipe (2) at the top, a coal inlet pipe (3) is fixedly installed on one side of the surface of the furnace body (1), and a support leg (5) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the furnace body (1). The inner cavity of the furnace body (1) is a cylinder with the opening facing downward. A ash knife (10) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the furnace body (1), and a support seat (7) is arranged below the furnace body (1). The top of the support seat (7) has a support plate (8) connected by a ball bearing. The support plate (8) has an annular base (9) connected by bolts. The surface of the annular base (9) is slidably connected to the bottom of the ash knife (10). The surface of the annular base (9) is provided with an annular grate (12) for material combustion, and the annular grate (12) is located in the inner cavity of the furnace body (1). The bottom of the inner wall of the furnace body (1) is movably installed with a coal handling assembly (13) located above the annular grate (12), and the coal handling assembly (13) includes a coal holding top cover (130), a coal conveying channel (131) and a coal pressing bottom cover (132). One end of the coal conveying channel (131) is fixedly installed with the coal holding top cover (130), and the other end of the coal conveying channel (131) is fixedly installed with the coal pressing bottom cover (132). The coal holding top cover (130) and the coal pressing bottom cover (132) are both conical in shape, and the coal pressing bottom cover (132) is located outside the annular grate (12). The coal pressing bottom cover (132) is provided with a vent for combustion air output, and the inner wall of the coal pressing bottom cover (132) is fixedly connected with conical spikes arranged towards the annular grate (12). Based on the top to bottom of the annular grate (12), the distance between the annular grate (12) and the coal pressing bottom cover (132) gradually shortens; The annular grate (12) has at least four layers, and multiple annular grates (12) form a cone. The top of the annular grate (12) is provided with a tip for crushing, and the outer side of the annular grate (12) is provided with a curved wave band. The bottom of the annular grate (12) is fixedly installed with a movable sleeve (11), and the movable sleeve (11) is movably installed with the annular base (9). The bottom end of the movable sleeve (11) is fixedly installed with an ejector spring (6), and one end of the ejector spring (6) is fixedly installed with the annular base (9). The surface of the coal-filling top cover (130) is fixed with a crushing fan blade (4), and the crushing fan blade (4) is arranged obliquely on the coal-filling top cover (130), and the coal inlet pipe (3) is placed above the crushing fan blade (4).

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