Shield cutter head and method for preventing and controlling mud cakes for shield cutter heads

Abstract

The present invention relates to a shield cutter head and a method for preventing and controlling mud cakes used for a shield cutter head. The shield cutter head includes a cutter head body and a plurality of main beams. The plurality of main beams are arranged radially along the tunneling surface of the cutter head body. A movable member is movably arranged between adjacent two main beams. By moving the position of the movable member between adjacent two main beams, the space between the movable member and adjacent two main beams is changed, so as to effectively reduce the adhesion ability of mud cakes on the cutter head, and break the mud cakes through scouring, thus solving the technical problems of poor cleaning effect, time-consuming and laborious, low safety and too high cost of mud cake cleaning on the shield cutter head.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel boring, and further relates to a shield cutter head and a method for preventing and controlling mud cakes on the shield cutter head, and particularly relates to a shield cutter head for preventing the formation of mud cakes and a method for preventing and controlling mud cakes on the shield cutter head. Background Art

[0002] During the shield construction process, shield tunneling has a certain geological adaptability. Once the selection is unreasonable, the geology is relatively complex, or the construction method of the shield operator is improper, it will cause low shield construction efficiency. In practical engineering applications, when the shield machine excavates complex strata such as cohesive soil, various mudstones, and strongly weathered soft rocks, the cutter beam grid of the cutter head is extremely easy to be blocked by clay, resulting in the slurry between the cutter head and the face being difficult to flow into the excavation chamber. After the slurry is repeatedly rolled, it is extremely easy to form mud cakes on the surface of the cutter head and block the cutter beam grid. If the mud cakes formed on the surface of the cutter head are not cleaned in time, it will cause a vicious cycle. Once the thickness of the mud cakes exceeds the height of the excavation cutter, the shield cutter head will lose its excavation ability, seriously affecting the shield construction.

[0003] When mud cakes are formed on the shield cutter head and the cutters are unable to continue cutting the soil, if forced propulsion is carried out, it will lead to a significant increase in the thrust and torque of the shield machine, an abnormal increase in the temperature in the excavation chamber, and a small amount of muck output. In this case, the mud cakes on the cutter head must be cleaned to restore the excavation ability of the shield cutter head, otherwise the tunneling work cannot continue.

[0004] In existing construction, for the problem of mud cake formation on the cutter head, there are already various treatment methods. For the general and not serious situation of mud cake formation, currently, mainly liquids such as foaming agents, dispersants, and hydrogen peroxide are injected to soak the cutter head with mud cakes. After soaking for a period of time, the cutter head is rotated at high speed, and the mud cakes are thrown off by centrifugal force; for the serious situation of mud cake formation, workers need to enter the chamber under pressure to manually clean the mud cakes on the cutter head. Entering the chamber under pressure requires complex preparatory work (such as making mud films, reducing the liquid level in the mud chamber or reducing the height of the soil chamber, etc.). Workers enter the chamber under pressure and use tools such as hydraulic picks, pneumatic picks, and high-pressure water guns to break and clean the mud cakes, with high labor intensity and high safety risks, and at the same time facing the risk of face collapse; for extremely unstable strata, the face needs to be reinforced to reduce the risk of opening the chamber to break the mud cakes; for extremely complex strata, even manual cleaning by workers is very difficult to open the chamber under pressure to clean the mud cakes, and even high costs are required to construct a vertical shaft in front of the shield cutter head, and then workers reach the front of the cutter head through the vertical shaft to break the mud cakes.

[0005] As described above, it can be seen that the method for breaking mud cakes requires workers to enter the tunnel face under pressure, which results in high labor intensity and high safety risks. In addition, it is necessary to reinforce the tunnel face and the surrounding soil mass, which is costly and has a long construction period, seriously affecting the tunneling progress.

[0006] In view of the problems in the related art that the cleaning effect of the mud cake on the shield cutter head is poor, time-consuming and laborious, with low safety and excessive cost, no effective solution has been given yet.

[0007] Therefore, based on years of experience and practice in the relevant industry, the inventor of the present invention proposes a shield cutter head and a method for preventing and treating mud cakes for the shield cutter head to overcome the defects of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a shield cutter head and a method for preventing and treating mud cakes for the shield cutter head, which avoid the safety risks caused by the easy formation of mud cakes on the cutter head and the construction under pressure in the opened chamber, reduce the labor intensity of the workers, and at the same time reduce the cost of breaking the mud cake, ensuring the efficient breaking of the mud cake.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a shield cutter head and a method for preventing and treating mud cakes for the shield cutter head, which can not only prevent the formation of mud cakes, but also achieve an efficient and high-quality breaking effect on the mud cake after the mud cake is formed, effectively solving the problems such as the easy formation of mud cakes on the shield machine in cohesive and complex strata and the difficulty in breaking the mud cake.

[0010] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following solutions:

[0011] The present invention provides a shield cutter head, which includes a cutter head body and a plurality of main beams. The plurality of main beams are arranged radially along the tunneling surface of the cutter head body, and a movable member is movably arranged between adjacent two of the main beams. Moving the position of the movable member between adjacent two of the main beams changes the space between the movable member and adjacent two of the main beams respectively.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shield cutter head further includes a first fixing ring, which is coaxially arranged with the tunneling surface of the cutter head body. The first fixing ring is connected to the plurality of main beams, and the movable member is movably arranged on the first fixing ring to adjust the position of the movable member between adjacent two of the main beams along the circumferential direction of the first fixing ring.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, limiting members are respectively arranged on both sides of the movable member on the first fixing ring, and the movable member can move between the limiting members on its both sides.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a sliding hole penetrating the movable member is provided on the movable member, and the movable member is inserted into the first fixing ring through the sliding hole so that the movable member can slide on the first fixing ring.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the movable part is a grille and / or a subbeam.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grille is a columnar structure extending radially along the cutter disc body.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sub-beam extends in the radial direction of the cutter disc body, and at least one first cutter is disposed on the sub-beam.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there are multiple first fixing rings, each of which has a different radius, and each of the first fixing rings is coaxially arranged.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a driving device is provided between the first fixed ring and the movable member to drive the movable member to move on the first fixed ring.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shield cutter head also includes a second fixing ring, which is arranged at the annular outer edge of the cutter head body along the circumference of the cutter head body, the multiple main beams are cross-arranged and connected at the center position of the cutter head body, and the two ends of the multiple main beams are respectively connected to the second fixing ring.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of second cutting tools are arranged on the main beam along the extension direction of the main beam.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of third cutters are arranged on the second fixing ring at intervals along the circumference thereof.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a flange is provided on the cutter head body and on a side of the excavation face facing away from the cutter head body, and the flange is connected to a main drive of the shield machine.

[0024] The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling mud cakes for a shield cutter head, and the method for preventing and controlling mud cakes for a shield cutter head comprises the following steps:

[0025] Obtaining tunneling parameters of the shield machine, and judging whether there is a mud cake on the cutter head or whether there is a tendency to form a mud cake according to the tunneling parameters;

[0026] If there is mud cake on the cutter head or there is a tendency to form mud cake, control the cutter head to rotate in reverse repeatedly for a preset duration to change the position of the movable member between two adjacent main beams;

[0027] Flush the cutter head to wash away the loose or pre-bonded mud cake on the cutter head.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tunneling parameters include at least one parameter or any combination of parameters among the penetration rate, thrust, torque, slurry temperature, and muck output of the shield machine.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shield machine is in an idling or low-speed propulsion state, the tunneling face of the cutter head is in contact with the face of the heading, and the position of the movable member between two adjacent main beams is changed by the frictional force between the movable member and the face of the heading.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shield machine is an earth pressure balance shield machine. While controlling the cutter head to rotate in reverse repeatedly, increase the flushing amount to the cutter head.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shield machine is a slurry balance shield machine. While controlling the cutter head to rotate in reverse repeatedly, increase the slurry inflow amount of the excavation chamber and the flushing amount to the cutter head.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during the process of controlling the cutter head to rotate in reverse repeatedly, adjust the rotation speed and / or penetration rate of the cutter head according to the actual working conditions.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during the process of controlling the cutter head to rotate in reverse repeatedly, adjust the preset duration for reversing the cutter head according to the actual working conditions.

[0034] As described above, the characteristics and advantages of the shield cutter head of the present invention and the method for preventing and controlling mud cake for the shield cutter head are as follows: A movable member is movably arranged between two adjacent main beams on the cutter head. By changing the position of the movable member between two adjacent main beams, the space between the movable member and the two adjacent main beams can be changed, thereby effectively reducing the adhesion ability of the mud cake on the cutter head. Then, the mud cake bonded to the cutter head is broken by flushing, without manual breaking by the staff, avoiding the safety risks caused by the easy formation of mud cake on the cutter head and the construction under pressure in the chamber, reducing the labor intensity of the staff, and at the same time reducing the cost of mud cake breaking, ensuring the efficient breaking of the mud cake; In addition, the present invention integrates the prevention and control of mud cake, not only can achieve the efficient breaking of the mud cake, but also can prevent the formation of mud cake, solving the problems such as the easy formation of mud cake and the difficulty in breaking the mud cake in viscous and complex strata of the shield machine, and is suitable for popularization and use. Description of the Drawings

[0035] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention schematically and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0036] Wherein:

[0037] Figure 1 : is the front view of the shield cutter head of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 : is the side sectional view of the shield cutter head of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 : is one of the partial schematic views of the position of the movable part in the shield cutter head of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 : is the second partial schematic view of the position of the movable part in the shield cutter head of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5 : is Figure 4 The sectional schematic view of the A-A position in.

[0042] The reference numerals in the present invention are:

[0043] 1. Cutter head body; 101. Main beam;

[0044] 102. Second fixing ring; 103. First fixing ring;

[0045] 104. Movable part; 1041. Grid;

[0046] 1042. Sub-beam; 1043. Slide hole;

[0047] 105. Limiting part; 2. Flange;

[0048] 3. First cutter; 4. Second cutter;

[0049] 5. Third cutter. Specific embodiments

[0050] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] Embodiment 1

[0052] As Figures 1 to 5As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a shield cutter head, which includes a cutter head main body 1 and a plurality of main beams 101 connected to the cutter head main body 1. The plurality of main beams 101 are arranged radially along the tunneling surface of the cutter head main body 1. A movable member 104 is movably arranged between adjacent two main beams 101. By moving the position of the movable member 104 between adjacent two main beams 101, the space between the movable member 104 and adjacent two main beams 101 can be changed.

[0053] In the present invention, a movable member 104 is movably arranged between adjacent two main beams 101 on the tunneling surface of the cutter head main body 1. By moving the position of the movable member 104 between adjacent two main beams 101, the space between the movable member 104 and adjacent two main beams 101 can be changed, thereby effectively reducing the adhesion ability of mud cakes on the cutter head (the mud cake adheres in the space between adjacent two main beams 101. Since the movable member 104 is in a moving state, the mud cake cannot adhere stably). Then, by flushing, the mud cake adhered to the cutter head is broken. There is no need for staff to manually break it, avoiding the safety risks caused by the easy formation of mud cakes on the cutter head and the construction under pressure in the open chamber, reducing the labor intensity of the staff, and at the same time reducing the cost of mud cake breaking, ensuring the efficient breaking of mud cakes; in addition, the present invention integrates the prevention and control of mud cakes, not only can achieve the efficient breaking of mud cakes, but also can prevent the formation of mud cakes, solving the problems such as the easy formation of mud cakes and the difficulty in breaking mud cakes for shield machines in viscous and complex strata.

[0054] Furthermore, the cutter head main body 1 and the plurality of main beams 101 are fixedly welded.

[0055] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 、 Figures 3 to 5 shown, the shield cutter head further includes a first fixing ring 103. Both the cutter head main body 1 and the first fixing ring 103 are circular. The radius of the first fixing ring 103 is smaller than the radius of the cutter head main body 1, and the first fixing ring 103 is coaxially arranged with the tunneling surface of the cutter head main body 1. The first fixing ring 103 is connected to the plurality of main beams 101, and the first fixing ring 103 is fixed by the main beams 101. The movable member 104 is movably arranged on the first fixing ring 103 to adjust the position of the movable member 104 between adjacent two main beams 101 along the circumferential direction of the first fixing ring 103, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the space between the movable member 104 and adjacent two main beams 101.

[0056] Furthermore, as Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4As shown, the first fixed ring 103 and the two sides of the movable member 104 are respectively provided with limiting members 105, which are block structures fixed on the first fixed ring 103, and the movable member 104 can move between the limiting members 105 on both sides thereof. By setting the limiting members 105, the moving position of the movable member 104 on the first fixed ring 103 can be limited, so that the moving range of the movable member 104 on the first fixed ring 103 is the area between two adjacent limiting members 105, so as to meet the purpose of changing the space between the movable member 104 and the two adjacent main beams 101.

[0057] Specifically, Figure 5 As shown, a sliding hole 1043 penetrating the movable member 104 is provided on the movable member 104, and the movable member 104 is penetrated on the first fixing ring 103 through the sliding hole 1043, so that the movable member 104 can slide on the first fixing ring 103. The cross-sectional area of ​​the sliding hole 1043 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the limiting member 105, ensuring that the limiting member 105 can limit the moving position of the movable member 104.

[0058] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the movable part 104 is a grid 1041 and / or a sub-beam 1042. The grid 1041 is a columnar structure extending along the radial direction of the cutter head body 1, and the grid 1041 does not have the excavation capability; the sub-beam 1042 extends along the radial direction of the cutter head body 1, and the width of the sub-beam 1042 is greater than the width of the grid 1041. At least one first cutter 3 is arranged on the sub-beam 1042, and the sub-beam 1042 has the excavation capability. In the actual operation process, it can be selected to add only the grid 1041 or the sub-beam 1042 to the cutter head body 1 according to the type of the excavated stratum, or the grid 1041 and the sub-beam can be added at the same time. For example, if the excavated stratum is a rock stratum, only the auxiliary beam 1042 is provided and the first cutter 3 is mounted on the auxiliary beam 1042, and the first cutter 3 is selected as a roller cutter; if the excavated stratum is a rock or soft soil stratum, only the auxiliary beam 1042 is provided and the first cutter 3 is mounted on the auxiliary beam 1042, and the first cutter 3 is selected as a roller cutter or a cutter; if the excavated stratum is a soft soil stratum, only the auxiliary beam 1042 can be provided, or the grille 1041 and the auxiliary beam 1042 can be provided at the same time, or only the grille 1041 can be provided, and the first cutter 3 on the auxiliary beam 1042 can be selected as a cutter. Of course, the first cutter 3 can be, but is not limited to, a roller cutter or a cutter, and can also be other types of cutters.

[0059] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1As shown, the number of the first fixing rings 103 is multiple, each first fixing ring 103 has a different radius, and each first fixing ring 103 is coaxially arranged. Each first fixing ring 103 is fixedly connected to the main beam 101, and the movable member 104 is movably connected to each first fixing ring 103. By providing the multiple first fixing rings 103, the installation stability of the movable member 104 is improved, ensuring that the movable member 104 only moves along the circumferential direction of the first fixing ring 103 and will not tilt or shift in other directions.

[0060] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, during the prevention and control of the mud cake, the shield machine in control is in an idling or low-speed propulsion state, so that the excavation surface of the cutter head body 1 contacts the face. During the rotation of the cutter head body 1, the frictional force (as the driving force) between the movable member 104 and the face is used to push the movable member 104 to move on the first fixing ring 103.

[0061] In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, a driving device can be provided between the first fixing ring 103 and the movable member 104 to drive the movable member 104 to move on the first fixing ring 103. Among them, the driving device can be, but is not limited to, a driving cylinder. The driving cylinder is connected between the first fixing ring 103 and the movable member 104, and the piston rod of the driving cylinder is used to push the movable member 104 to move on the first fixing ring 103.

[0062] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 shown, the shield cutter head further includes a second fixing ring 102. The second fixing ring 102 is arranged along the circumferential direction of the cutter head body 1 at the annular outer edge of the cutter head body 1. Multiple main beams 101 are arranged in a cross arrangement and are connected at the central position of the cutter head body. Both ends of the multiple main beams 101 are respectively welded to the second fixing ring 102.

[0063] Further, as Figure 1 shown, a plurality of second cutters 4 are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the main beam 101 on the main beam 101. Among them, the second cutter 4 can be, but is not limited to, a hob or a cutter, or can also be other types of cutters.

[0064] Further, as Figure 1 shown, a plurality of third cutters 5 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the second fixing ring 102, and each third cutter 5 is respectively located between the ends of two adjacent main beams 101. Among them, the third cutter 5 can be, but is not limited to, a hob or a cutter, or can also be other types of cutters.

[0065] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 2 shown, a flange 2 is provided at the central position on the side of the cutter head body 1 facing away from the excavation surface of the cutter head body 1, and the flange 2 is connected to the main drive of the shield machine.

[0066] Furthermore, the flange 2 is fixedly welded to the cutter head body 1, and the flange 2 is connected to the main drive of the shield machine by bolts.

[0067] The characteristics and advantages of the shield cutter head of the present invention are as follows:

[0068] First, the shield cutter head can effectively reduce the adhesion ability of mud cakes on the cutter head, break the mud cakes adhered to the cutter head through flushing, without manual breaking by workers, avoiding the safety risks caused by the easy formation of mud cakes on the cutter head and the construction of opening the chamber under pressure, reducing the labor intensity of workers, and at the same time reducing the cost of mud cake breaking, ensuring the efficient breaking of mud cakes.

[0069] Second, the shield cutter head can not only achieve the efficient breaking of mud cakes, but also prevent the formation of mud cakes, integrating the prevention and control of mud cakes, and solving the problems such as the easy formation of mud cakes and the difficulty of breaking mud cakes in viscous and complex strata of shield machines.

[0070] Third, the shield cutter head has a simple structure, is easy to process and manufacture, and has high structural strength, can meet the requirements of various working conditions, and is suitable for popularization and use.

[0071] Embodiment 2

[0072] The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling mud cakes for a shield cutter head, and the method for preventing and controlling mud cakes for the shield cutter head includes the following steps:

[0073] Step S1: Obtain the tunneling parameters of the shield machine, and judge whether there are mud cakes on the cutter head or whether there is a tendency to form mud cakes according to the tunneling parameters;

[0074] Furthermore, the tunneling parameters include at least one parameter or any combination of parameters such as the penetration degree, thrust, torque, slurry temperature, and slag discharge amount of the shield machine. The staff in the main control room can judge whether there are mud cakes on the cutter head according to the penetration degree, thrust, torque, slurry temperature, and slag discharge amount of the shield machine. If there are situations such as a decrease in penetration degree, an abnormal sharp increase in thrust and torque, an increase in slurry temperature, and a decrease in slag discharge amount, it can be preliminarily determined that there are mud cakes on the cutter head.

[0075] Step S2: If there are mud cakes on the cutter head or there is a tendency to form mud cakes, control the cutter head to repeatedly reverse and rotate for a preset time (that is: control the cutter head to reverse after rotating forward for a preset time, and then control the cutter head to reverse again after rotating backward for a preset time, and so on), so as to change the position of the movable part 104 between two adjacent main beams 101;

[0076] Further, during the repeated reverse rotation of the cutter head, the shield machine is always in an idling or low-speed propulsion state, so that the excavation surface of the cutter head is always in contact with the face. During the rotation of the cutter head, the friction force between the movable member 104 and the face is used as the driving force to change the position of the movable member 104 between two adjacent main beams 101, thereby changing the space between the movable member 104 and the two adjacent main beams 101 respectively.

[0077] Further, during the process of controlling the repeated reverse rotation of the cutter head, the preset duration for reversing the cutter head is adjusted according to the actual working conditions. Among them, the preset duration can be 30 minutes. Under actual working conditions, it is also necessary to judge the viscosity of the formation based on geological exploration data and predict whether it is easy to form mud cakes; if the cutter head is prone to forming mud cakes, the preset duration for reversing the cutter head can be controlled to be shorter (for example: 20 minutes to 30 minutes); if the cutter head is not prone to forming mud cakes, the preset duration for reversing the cutter head can be controlled to be longer (for example: 1 hour to 2 hours); if the cutter head does not form mud cakes, there is no need to control the reversal of the cutter head.

[0078] Step S3: Scour the excavation surface of the cutter head to wash away the loose or pre-bonded mud cakes on the cutter head.

[0079] Further, during the actual operation process, if it is found that the cutter head has the situation of forming mud cakes, different treatment methods can be adopted for different machine types. If the shield machine is an earth pressure balance shield machine, while controlling the shield machine to idle or propel at a low speed, the rotation direction of the cutter head is reversed according to the preset duration. In addition, it is also necessary to increase the scouring amount of the cutter head (achieved by increasing the injection amount of foam agent and clean water), improve the fluidity of the slurry, and ensure the smooth breaking of the mud cakes; if the shield machine is a slurry balance shield machine, while controlling the shield machine to idle or propel at a low speed, the rotation direction of the cutter head is reversed according to the preset duration. In addition, it is also necessary to increase the slurry inflow amount of the excavation chamber and the scouring amount of the cutter head to ensure the smooth breaking of the mud cakes.

[0080] Further, during the process of controlling the repeated reverse rotation of the cutter head, the rotation speed and / or penetration degree of the cutter head can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions. For example: if it is the initial stage of breaking the mud cakes, the cutter head can be controlled to rotate at a relatively large speed to maximally reduce the adhesion ability of the mud cakes and loosen the mud cakes; if the mud cakes are already in a loose state, the rotation speed of the cutter head can be controlled to decrease, and the mud cakes can be washed off through the scouring of the cutter head.

[0081] The present invention controls the reverse rotation of the cutter head, so that the movable member 104 cooperates with the scouring of the cutter head to achieve the effects of cleaning the mud cakes adhered to the cutter head and increasing the flow area. The repeated reverse rotation of the cutter head enables the mud cakes blocked between the movable member 104 and the main beam 101 to reach the purpose of mechanical cleaning due to the movement of the movable member 104. Even if a blockage has occurred, a new flow space will be generated due to the movement of the movable member 104, ensuring that the slurry can flow through.

[0082] The mud cake prevention and control method of the present invention has outstanding advantages compared with the traditional methods of preventing and controlling mud cakes by high-pressure flushing, large-flow scouring, mechanically cleaning mud cakes under pressure and breaking mud cakes in construction shafts. The mud cake is broken without opening the chamber, and there is no need for workers to work under pressure, which greatly avoids the risks caused by working under pressure in the chamber, reduces the labor intensity of workers, improves the working environment of workers, and also avoids the complex and costly preparatory work. Compared with the traditional mud cake breaking method, the present invention effectively shortens the construction period, reduces expenses, and at the same time has a higher mud cake breaking efficiency and good construction safety.

[0083] Since the mud cake prevention and control method of the present invention is to break the mud cake without opening the chamber, there is no need for procedures such as stopping the machine to inject dispersants, hydrogen peroxide, etc. additionally, nor is it necessary to add additional mechanical equipment such as high-pressure flushing mechanisms, thus avoiding cumbersome procedures, unnecessary additional expenses, reducing construction investment, and improving the economy of construction. During the current shield tunneling process, avoiding stopping the machine and opening the chamber once can save costs of 2 million - 3 million yuan, and avoiding injecting dispersants or hydrogen peroxide once can save costs of 0.5 million - 2 million yuan. It can be seen from this that the mud cake prevention and control method of the present invention has good economic advantages compared with the traditional method and is suitable for popularization and use.

[0084] The above are only illustrative specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shield cutterhead, It is characterized in that The shield cutterhead comprises a cutterhead body and a plurality of main beams, wherein the plurality of main beams are arranged on the excavation surface of the cutterhead body along the radial direction of the cutterhead body, and a movable part is movably arranged between two adjacent main beams, and the position of the movable part between the two adjacent main beams is moved to change the space between the movable part and the two adjacent main beams; The shield cutterhead further comprises a first fixing ring, which is coaxially arranged with the excavation face of the cutterhead body, the first fixing ring is connected with the plurality of main beams, and the movable member is movably arranged on the first fixing ring to adjust the position of the movable member between two adjacent main beams along the circumference of the first fixing ring; Limiting members are respectively arranged on the first fixing ring and on both sides of the movable member, and the movable member can move between the limiting members located on both sides thereof; The movable member is provided with a sliding hole penetrating the movable member, and the movable member is inserted into the first fixing ring through the sliding hole, so that the movable member can slide on the first fixing ring.

2. The shield cutterhead according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The movable parts are grilles and / or auxiliary beams.

3. The shield cutterhead according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The grille is a columnar structure extending radially along the cutter disc body.

4. The shield cutterhead according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The secondary beam extends in the radial direction of the cutter disc body, and at least one first cutter is arranged on the secondary beam.

5. The shield cutterhead according to claim 1, It is characterized in that There are multiple first fixing rings, each of which has a different radius, and each of the first fixing rings is coaxially arranged.

6. The shield cutterhead according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A driving device is arranged between the first fixed ring and the movable member to drive the movable member to move on the first fixed ring.

7. The shield cutterhead according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The shield cutterhead also includes a second fixing ring, which is arranged at the annular outer edge of the cutterhead body along the circumference of the cutterhead body. The multiple main beams are cross-arranged and connected at the center position of the cutterhead body, and the two ends of the multiple main beams are respectively connected to the second fixing ring.

8. The shield cutterhead according to claim 1 or 7, It is characterized in that A plurality of second cutting tools are arranged on the main beam along the extending direction of the main beam.

9. The shield cutterhead according to claim 7, It is characterized in that A plurality of third cutters are arranged on the second fixing ring at intervals along the circumference thereof.

10. The shield cutterhead according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A flange is arranged on the cutter head body and on the side of the excavation face facing away from the cutter head body, and the flange is connected to the main drive of the shield machine.

11. A method for preventing and controlling mud cakes for a shield cutter head, which is implemented by using the shield cutter head according to any one of claims 1 to 10, It is characterized in that The mud cake prevention method for shield cutter head comprises the following steps: Obtain the tunneling parameters of the shield machine, and judge whether there is mud cake on the cutter head or there is a tendency to form mud cake according to the tunneling parameters; If there is mud cake on the cutter head or there is a tendency to form mud cake, control the cutter head to repeatedly reverse and rotate for a preset time to change the position of the movable part between two adjacent main beams; Scour the cutter head to wash off the loose or pre-bonded mud cake on the cutter head.

12. The method for preventing and controlling mud cake for a shield cutter head according to claim 11, characterized in that, The tunneling parameters at least include one parameter or any combination of multiple parameters among the penetration degree, thrust, torque, slurry temperature and slag discharge amount of the shield machine.

13. The method for preventing and controlling mud cake for a shield cutter head according to claim 11, characterized in that, The shield machine is in an idling or low-speed propulsion state, the tunneling surface of the cutter head is in contact with the face of the heading, and the position of the movable part between two adjacent main beams is changed by the friction force between the movable part and the face of the heading.

14. The method for preventing and controlling mud cake for a shield cutter head according to claim 13, characterized in that, The shield machine is an earth pressure balance shield machine. While controlling the cutter head to repeatedly reverse and rotate, increase the scouring amount of the cutter head.

15. The method for preventing and controlling mud cake for a shield cutter head according to claim 13, characterized in that, The shield machine is a slurry balance shield machine. While controlling the cutter head to repeatedly reverse and rotate, increase the slurry inflow amount of the excavation chamber and the scouring amount of the cutter head.

16. The method for preventing and controlling mud cake for a shield cutter head according to claim 13, characterized in that, During the process of controlling the cutter head to repeatedly reverse and rotate, adjust the rotation speed and / or penetration degree of the cutter head according to the actual working conditions.

17. The method for preventing and controlling mud cake for a shield cutter head according to claim 13, characterized in that, During the process of controlling the cutter head to repeatedly reverse and rotate, adjust the preset time for reversing the cutter head according to the actual working conditions.

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