Tunnel groundwater limited discharge lining structure form and calculation method

Abstract

The water resource ecological environment and lining bearing water pressure in tunnel site area are a contradictory body, how to determine a reasonable limit drainage range, which can protect the ecological water level environment of tunnel site area from being damaged, and make the lining not bear too large water pressure, is a problem which is not well solved at present. Based on this, the invention provides a deep buried rich water area tunnel groundwater limited drainage lining structure form and calculation method based on ecological protection. The tunnel groundwater limited drainage lining structure form is longitudinally divided into a conventional section and a drainage section; the hollow drainage anchor rod is additionally arranged outside the lining structure of the drainage section, which is communicated with the drainage channel inside the lining structure, and guides the groundwater to the tunnel drainage system. The limited drainage of the tunnel is realized through the drainage section of the scheme, which is a kind of groundwater drainage mode which can better balance the lining pressure and ecological protection, which can realize the safety and reliability of the lining structure, and ensure the water demand of the local ecological environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering technology, specifically relating to a lining structure and calculation method for limiting groundwater discharge in deep-buried water-rich tunnels based on ecological protection. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the construction of highways and railways has developed rapidly. The central and western regions of my country are predominantly mountainous, and as the road network continues to extend into these areas, more and more deep, long, and large mountain tunnels are being built. However, the construction of many mountain tunnels often requires traversing high-pressure, water-rich rock layers, involving numerous groundwater issues.

[0003] Regarding groundwater treatment measures, adopting a "discharge-oriented" design philosophy, allowing groundwater resources to be discharged unchecked, can easily lead to a significant drop in surface water levels, thereby threatening the ecological balance. Conversely, adopting a "blocking-oriented" groundwater treatment method can prevent the loss of groundwater resources and protect the ecological environment, but it can easily cause the lining to be unable to withstand excessive water pressure. The water resources and ecological environment of the tunnel site area and the water pressure that the lining can withstand are contradictory. How to determine a reasonable discharge limit that can both protect the ecological water level environment of the tunnel site area from damage and prevent the lining from bearing excessive water pressure is a problem that has not yet been well solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The water resources and ecological environment of the tunnel site area and the water pressure borne by the lining are contradictory. Based on this, this invention proposes a lining structure form and calculation method for limited groundwater discharge in deep-buried water-rich areas based on ecological protection. The purpose is to achieve limited discharge of groundwater in tunnels through this invention, which is a groundwater discharge method that can better balance lining pressure and ecological protection, so as to ensure the safety and reliability of the lining structure and guarantee the local ecological water demand.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0006] The tunnel lining structure for limited groundwater discharge is divided longitudinally into a conventional section and a discharge section. The discharge section features hollow drainage anchors connected to internal drainage channels, guiding groundwater to the tunnel drainage system. This discharge section achieves limited groundwater discharge, effectively balancing lining pressure and ecological protection. It ensures both the safety and reliability of the lining structure and guarantees local water needs for ecological purposes.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, a pressure sensor is pre-embedded on the top of the outer side of the discharge section lining structure to calculate the actual groundwater head height at the top of the lining structure based on the water pressure.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the hollow drainage anchor bolt is equipped with a control valve.

[0009] As a preferred option, the lining structure of the emission section adopts steel shell stiffening plates.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the drainage system includes a central drainage ditch located at the bottom of the tunnel arch, and the drainage channel inside the lining structure is connected to the central drainage ditch through a transverse drainage pipe.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the drainage system includes a water storage chamber located at the bottom of the tunnel arch, which is connected to a transverse drainage pipe.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the top of the water storage chamber is provided with a water intake well cover.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the water storage chamber is located on both sides of the central drainage ditch.

[0014] The calculation method for limited groundwater discharge in tunnels adopts the aforementioned tunnel groundwater limited discharge lining structure, wherein the calculation method for the discharge time of the air-vented anchor bolts is as follows:

[0015]

[0016] In the formula, t is the water discharge time of the hollow drainage anchor bolt;

[0017] h s The actual water head height of the groundwater at the top of the lining structure, calculated based on pressure sensors;

[0018] h0 is the expected groundwater head height determined by combining ecological environment requirements and lining bearing capacity;

[0019] h m The height of groundwater head discharged per unit time by a hollow drainage anchor bolt;

[0020] n represents the number of hollow drainage anchor bolts in operation.

[0021] As a preferred option, such as the current season's h w h c When h0 takes h c ; such as the current season's h w <h c When h0 takes h w ;

[0022] h w This is the groundwater head height required for normal plant growth in the tunnel site area;

[0023] h c The groundwater head height is the maximum bearing capacity of the lining.

[0024] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: The present invention proposes a limited discharge lining structure form and calculation method for deep-buried water-rich tunnels based on ecological protection. Through an innovative active sensing control device for the lining structure, it can better balance the lining pressure and the groundwater discharge method for ecological protection, so as to achieve both structural safety and reliability and ensure the local ecological water demand. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and form part of this application, are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 1 It is the longitudinal section form of the groundwater limited discharge lining structure.

[0027] Figure 2 It is the cross-sectional form of the groundwater limited discharge lining structure discharge section.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the groundwater head.

[0029] The attached diagram shows the corresponding component names: L1-Standard section; L2-Discharge section; 3-Pressure sensor; 4-Hollow drainage anchor; 5-Control valve; 6-Drainage channel; 7-Horizontal drainage pipe; 8-Central drainage ditch; 9-Water storage chamber; 10-Water intake well cover. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the principles and features of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary to practice the invention. In other instances, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods have not been specifically described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.

[0032] Throughout this specification, references to "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the phrases "an embodiment," "an example," "an example," or "an example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any suitable combination and / or sub-combination. Moreover, those skilled in the art will understand that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0033] The following discloses various implementation methods or embodiments of the described subject matter technical solutions. To simplify the disclosure, specific embodiments of one or more arrangements of each feature are described below, but the embodiments given are not intended to limit this specification. The connection between the first feature and the second feature described subsequently in the specification can include implementations with direct connection, implementations that form additional features, and further, implementations that use one or more other intervening features to indirectly connect or combine the first feature and the second feature with each other, so that the first feature and the second feature are not directly connected.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", "center", "length", "circumference", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0035] In the description of this specification, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.

[0036] The terminology used in this specification is that which is currently widely used in the art in consideration of the functionality of this disclosure; however, these terms may vary depending on the intent, precedent, or new technology of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, specific terms may be chosen by the applicant, and in such cases, their detailed meanings will be described in the detailed description of this disclosure. Therefore, the terminology used in this specification should not be construed as simple names, but rather based on the meaning of the terms and the overall description of this disclosure.

[0037] This specification uses flowcharts or text to illustrate the operational steps performed according to the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the operational steps in the embodiments of this application are not necessarily performed precisely in the order described. Instead, as needed, various steps can be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Furthermore, other operations can be added to these processes, or one or more operations can be removed from these processes.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] The relationship between the water resources and ecological environment of the tunnel site and the water pressure borne by the lining is contradictory. Determining a reasonable discharge limit that protects the ecological water level of the tunnel site from damage while preventing excessive water pressure on the lining remains a problem that has not yet been well resolved. Therefore, this embodiment proposes a lining structure form and calculation method for limited groundwater discharge in deeply buried water-rich tunnels based on ecological protection (Embodiment 2). The aim is to achieve limited groundwater discharge in tunnels through this invention, providing a better balance between lining pressure and ecological protection, ensuring both the safety and reliability of the lining structure and guaranteeing the local ecological water needs. To achieve the above objectives, this embodiment is implemented through the following specific methods:

[0040] This embodiment provides a tunnel groundwater limited discharge lining structure, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the tunnel secondary lining structure is longitudinally divided into a conventional section L1 and a discharge section L2; as Figure 2 As shown, the L2 lining structure of the discharge section is equipped with a hollow drainage anchor 4, which is connected to the drainage channel 6 inside the lining structure to guide groundwater to the tunnel drainage system.

[0041] In one optional embodiment, a pressure sensor 3 is pre-embedded at the top of the outer side of the L2 lining structure to calculate the actual groundwater head height at the top of the lining structure based on water pressure. The hollow drainage anchor 4 is equipped with a control valve 5, which controls the discharge time according to the limited discharge calculation method.

[0042] In one optional embodiment, the drainage system includes a central drainage ditch 8 located in the invert at the bottom of the tunnel, and the internal drainage channel 6 of the lining structure is connected to the central drainage ditch 8 via a transverse drainage pipe 7. The drainage system also includes a water storage chamber 9 located in the invert at the bottom of the tunnel for tunnel cleaning or fire suppression; the water storage chamber 9 is connected to the transverse drainage pipe 7. A water intake cover 10 is installed on the top of the water storage chamber 9. The water storage chamber 9 is located on both sides of the central drainage ditch 8. Part of the discharged groundwater is stored in the invert water storage chamber 9 for tunnel cleaning and fire suppression, while part is discharged directly outside the tunnel. The lining structure of the discharge section L2 is composed of steel shell stiffening plates and hollow drainage anchors 4.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] This embodiment provides a method for calculating the limited discharge of groundwater in tunnels, using the tunnel groundwater limited discharge lining structure of Embodiment 1 above, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the calculation method for the water discharge time of the empty drainage anchor bolt 4 is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] In the formula, t is the drainage time of the hollow drainage anchor bolt 4;

[0047] h s The actual water head height of the groundwater at the top of the lining structure, calculated based on pressure sensor 3;

[0048] h0 is the expected groundwater head height determined by combining ecological environment requirements and lining bearing capacity;

[0049] h m The height of groundwater head discharged per unit time for a hollow drainage anchor bolt 4;

[0050] n represents the number of hollow drainage anchor bolts (4) in operation.

[0051] In one alternative embodiment, such as the current season's h w h c When h0 takes h c ; such as the current season's h w <h c When h0 takes h w ;

[0052] h w This is the groundwater head height required for normal plant growth in the tunnel site area;

[0053] h c The groundwater head height is the maximum bearing capacity of the lining.

[0054] In summary, compared with the prior art, this embodiment has the following advantages and beneficial effects: The proposed embodiment provides a limited discharge lining structure and calculation method for deep-buried water-rich tunnels based on ecological protection. Through an innovative active sensing control device for the lining structure, it can better balance the lining pressure and the groundwater discharge method for ecological protection, thus achieving both structural safety and reliability while ensuring the local ecological water demand.

[0055] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the limited discharge of groundwater in tunnels, characterized in that, The tunnel adopts a groundwater limited discharge lining structure: the tunnel lining structure is longitudinally divided into a conventional section and a discharge section; the discharge section lining structure is reinforced with hollow drainage anchors, which are connected to the drainage channels inside the lining structure to guide groundwater to the tunnel drainage system; pressure sensors are pre-embedded on the top of the outer side of the discharge section lining structure to calculate the actual groundwater head height at the top of the lining structure based on water pressure; the hollow drainage anchors are equipped with control valves; the control valves control the discharge time according to the limited discharge calculation method; The calculation method for the water discharge time of the empty-drainage anchor bolt is as follows: In the formula, t is the water discharge time of the hollow drainage anchor bolt; h s The actual water head height of the groundwater at the top of the lining structure, calculated based on pressure sensors; h0 is the expected groundwater head height determined by combining ecological environment requirements and lining bearing capacity; h m The height of groundwater head discharged per unit time by a hollow drainage anchor bolt; n represents the number of hollow drainage anchor bolts in operation; Like the current season's h w h c When h0 takes h c ; Like the current season's h w <h c When h0 takes h w ; h w This is the groundwater head height required for normal plant growth in the tunnel site area; h c The groundwater head height is the maximum bearing capacity of the lining.

2. The method for calculating the limited discharge of groundwater in tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lining structure of the discharge section uses steel shell stiffening plates.

3. The method for calculating the limited discharge of groundwater in tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage system includes a central drainage ditch located at the bottom of the tunnel arch, and the drainage channels inside the lining structure are connected to the central drainage ditch through transverse drainage pipes.

4. The method for calculating the limited discharge of groundwater in tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drainage system includes a water storage chamber located at the bottom of the tunnel arch, which is connected to a transverse drainage pipe.

5. The method for calculating the limited discharge of groundwater in tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water storage chamber is equipped with a water intake well cover on top.

6. The method for calculating the limited discharge of groundwater in tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water storage chambers are located on both sides of the central drainage ditch.

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